Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Marine Geology and Oceanography Brian John Exton Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas Austin, Texas 7871 2 e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: Earth science - teaching and curriculum.; NOAA - lnternational Year of the Ocean education - computer assisted; marine geology and http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/ oceanography. Another great Year of the Ocean site from the Na- tional Oceanographic and Atmospheric Adrmnistration. INTRODUCTION In recognition of the importance of the marine envi- Oceans Australia ronment, the United Nations declared 1998 the Inter- http://oceans.ninemsn.com.au/ national Year of the Ocean. Ths desimation" ~rovided Year of the Ocean website from Australia. Nice individual organizations and governments with an design elements. important opportunity to raise public awareness and USGS -Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology understanding of the ocean and related issues. Some http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/ of the web sites listed below were specifically de- signed as products of this international effort, while A very nice site that by its own definition can "ac- many others were inspired to improve their content. commodate visitors with a wide range of educational As a result, you can now find information on a variety backgrounds, from kids in elementary school to adults of related topics, including the topography or shape with little or no background in geology to professionals of the ocean floors, the distribution and type of bottom in geology and other earth sciences." sediments. the com~ositionand structure of the under- Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) lying rocks, and the geologic processes that have been http://www-odp.tamu.edu/ at work throughout the seafloor's history. The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) conducts basic Plate tectonics, seismology, volcanology, and geo- research into the history of the ocean basins and the physics were covered in previous columns and are nature of the crust beneath the ocean floor. treated only briefly here. Coral reefs and sedirnentology are also covered only briefly, as they are subjects I Joint Oceanographic Institutions - Education will cover in future columns. Previous topics of this http://www.joi-odp.org/JOI/Education/Education.html column and their corresponding hypertext links are Slides and a downloadable manual (in PDF format) available from the web page listed below. All of the present scientific concepts used during an oceano- URL addresses in the current article will be avail- graphic research expedition to explore the geologic, able on the publication date of the next issue of the climatologic, and oceanographic history of the Indian journal. Please visit: Ocean basin and nearby Himalayan Mountains. TOPEXlPoseidon Satellite Home Page http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/ Learn more about the TOPEXToseidon satellite, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS which measures global sea level. lnternational Oceanographic Foundation http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/iof/ NOAA - Marine Geology & Geophysics Division Contains a nice overview of the diverse aspects, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/mggd.html challenges, and opportunities that comprise a career Information on extensive bathymetric, marine sedi- in marine science. ment, and trackline geophysical databases in both coastal and open ocean areas. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography http://aslo.orgl Smithsonian Institution - Ocean Planet Exhibition Promotes the interests of limnology, oceanography, http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceanglanet. html and related sciences. This electronic online companion exhibition con- tains all of the text and most of the panel designs GENERAL INFORMATION and images found in the Ocean Planet traveling ex- UNESCO - lnternational Year of the Ocean hibition. Lots of great introductory material. http://ioc.unesco.org/iyo/ University of Washington - School of Oceanography The official United Nations Year of the Ocean web http://www.ocean.washington.edu/outreach/ site. The Classroom section contains literally hundreds Educational Outreach website, containing links to of activities subdvided in a number of themes. A great an interactive marine geological cruise, the REVEL place to start surfing. Program, and the Exploraquarium. Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 46, 1998, p. 524 Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Marine Geology and Oceanography NASA - Oceanography from the Space Shuttle The Jason Project http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAlGN-DOCS/OCDST/ http://www.jasonproject.org/jason.html shuttle~oceanograplly_web/oss~cover.html Learn more about this non-profit educational 01 This NASA site contains some very interesting ganization and its innovative web-based curriculun pictures of oceanic phenomena, such as spiral eddies Founded by explorer Bob Ballard, who among othe and wind effects, taken from the Space Shuttle. things, located the Titanic's final resting place.

JPL - Physical Oceanography CARBONATES AND REEFS http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/ Carbonates General data archive site, but with additional links http://www.science.u bc.ca/-geol202/sed/carb/ for teachers and students. Check out the Physical Ocean- carbhome.html ography from Space tutorial. Detailed information on carbonates in support ( the Introduction to Petrology course taught by Michell Exploring the Ocean Planet Lamberson at the University of British Columbia. http://www.mbari.org/-oreilly/schoolPresentation/ introl Virtual Reef Lecture A brief overview of the oceans and the fascination http://www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8313/reeflect.htrnl that it holds for all of us, prepared by Tom 07Reilly An online reef lecture prepared by Roger Suthre: at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. at Oxford Brookes University. Reef Education Network RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS http://www.reef.edu.au/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution A great reef site for students. Visitors can gathe http://www.whoi.edu/ information by using their own personal electroni Kome page for one of the top oceanographic re- notebook! search institutions in the world. Lots of great links on the K-12 Resource page. COASTAL PROCESSES U.S. Coastal Seafloor Images Scripps lnstitution of Oceanography http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/us~margins/index.htm http://sio.ucsd.edu/ Absolutely beautiful coastal seafloor maps pro Scripps Institution of Oceanography is another duced by Columbia University's Larnont-Doherty Eartl leader in the study of oceanography. Observatory. Scripps - Oceanography on the Net Panoramas of the Seafloor http://scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/instl http://www.sciam.com/0697issue/0697pratson.html A lengthy list of links to oceanography and marine Link to a Scientific American article about moden geology resources. sonar techniques and the mapping of the continenta margins of the U.S. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research lnstitute http://www.mbari.org/itd/education/webpages.html USGS - Coastal and Marine Geology Program Interesting information on the activities of the http://marine.er.usgs.gov/ Monterey Bay Aquarium research staff. Click on Web Highlights to see a wide array of inter esting research programs currently being conducted. Virginia lnstitute of Marine Science http://www.vims.edu/bridge/ USGS - Coastal Ocean Modeling The Bridge is a collection of very useful online re- http://crusty.er.usgs.gov/ sources for ocean sciences education. Information on Coastal Ocean Modeling at the USGS Woods Hole Field Center. Video animation: Scotiabank Marine Geology Research Laboratory included. http://opal.geology.utoronto.ca/marinelab/ The focus of the Scotiabank Marine Laboratory is on EL NINO scientific study of the deep ocean floor and the develop- NOAA - El Nifio Home Page ment of new technologies for marine exploration. http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/ensol University of Newfoundland - Marine lnstitute Everything you ever wanted to know about the E htt~://www.ifmt.nf.ca/minet.htm Niiio - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and more! Network of educational topics, including lesson usc - Sea Grant Program plans and activities for teachers. http://www.usc.edu/go/seagrant/elnino/link.html Extensive list of links related to El Nifio. Rutgers lnstitute of Marine and Coastal Sciences http://marine.rutgers.edu/pt/home.htm NASAlGoddard Space Flight Center - El Niio Primer Teacher resources and activities from Project To- http://nsipp.gsfc.nasa.gov/enso/index.html morrow at the Rutgers Institute of Marine and Coastal This NASA-sponsored primer on El Niiio is avail. Sciences. able in six different languages! Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 46, 1998, p. 525 ' Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Marine Geology and Oceanography I

- -- DEEP SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS SONAR I NOAA - Vents Geology Program Acoustics and Sonar http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/geology/geology.html http://www.marine-group.com/acoustic.htm I Check out the recent activity at Axial volcano. A wonderful tutorial on the processing and inter- Cool video and sound clips. pretation of sidescan sonar data. Includes a number 1 of sonar examples. Site courtesy of The Marine Group. 1 NOVA (PBS) Online - Into the Abyss http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/ GLORIA Sidescan Sonar Atlas and Data I Follow an ambitious oceanographic expedition to Geologic maps showing an interpretation of deep- retrieve one or more black smokers from the Juan de water parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in 1 Fuca undersea ridge. the Atlantic Ocean. 1

American Museum of Natural History - Black TIDES, CURRENTS, AND WAVES I Smoker Expedition National Ocean Service - Our Restless Tides I http://www.amnhonline.org/expeditions/blacksmokers/ http://www.opsd.nos.noaa.gov/restlesl .html home-htrnl A brief explanation of the basic factors responsi- Another great site dedicated to the 1998 expedi- ble for producing tides and tidal currents. tion to the Juan de Fuca undersea ridge. I Pillow Lavas The Gulf Stream I http://citt.marin.cc.ca.us/ring/plpage.html http://kl2.njin.net/curriculum/oceans/guIfstream.html 1 Photographs and videos of pillow lavas, assembled A demonstration web site from the state of New 1 by Kathy Klingensmith at the College of Marin in Jersey for the National Science Foundation, covering California. many different aspects of the Gulf Stream.

PLATE TECTONICS NASA Observatorium -Tsunami: The Big Wave USGS - This Dynamic Earth ht2p://observe.ivv.nasa.gov/nasa/exhibits/tsunami/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/dynamic.html tsun-start.html #anchor10790904 An excellent tutorial on the formation of tsunamis. Online edition of the book, This Dynamic Earth, Be sure to take the quiz at the end! by W. Jacquelyne &ous and Robert Tilling. A great Tsunami! tutorial on plate tectonics. http:/hnrww.geophys.washington.edu/tsunarnihnrelcome. html USGS - Plate Tectonics and Seafloor Spreading Primarily for the general public, includes infor- http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/ mation about the mechanisms of tsunami generation framework.html and propagation, the impact of tsunamis on human- Interesting information and links related to plate kind, and the Tsunami Warning System. tectonics. Plate Motion Calculator COURSE INFORMATION http://manbow.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tamaki-html/plate~ University of Washington motion.html http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/ A program for calculating present-day tectonic plate Graduate-level course notes for Oceanography 540: motions from the Ocean Research Institute at the Marine Geological Processes taught by Russell McDufT University of Tokyo. at the University of Washington. University of Arkansas SEDIMENTOLOGY http://comp.uark.edu/-sboss/margeol.htm Duke University - Sedimentary Structures An exceptional supporting site for the course Marine http://geo.duke.edu/ss/ss.htm Geology 5533 taught by Stephen Boss at the University This site contains a wealth of thumbnail images of Arkansas. Includes lecture notes with graphics, of sedimentary structures that link to larger formats review files, and a hot list to several pertinent links. and descriptions. Primarily designed to allow stu- dents enrolled in Geology 11 0; StratigraphylSedi- University of Georgia mentology at Duke University to review slides shown http://www.arche~.uga.edu/-rfreeman/~/~27GLY409- in class. home.html Lecture notes and sample exams for the course USGS - Bedforrn Sedimentology Marine Geology taught by Raymond Freeman-Lynde http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/docs/seds/sedimentology. at the University of Georgia. html Onhe support material for the book Cross-Bedding, San Jose State University Bedforms, and Paleocurrents by D.M. Rubin. Contains http://geosunl .sjsu.edu/-dreed/menu.htrnl text, images, and movies, as well as downloadable Supporting materials for the course General simulation software. Oceanography taught by Don Reed at San Jose State Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 46, 1998, p. 526 Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Marine Geology and Oceanography. University. Also contains a very nice collection of in- You may never know the answer to this question teractive exercises. unless you visit this site!

University of Pittsburgh Law of the Sea http://www.pitt.eduI-bpeer/home.html http://www.tufts.edu/flet~her/rnu~ti/mari~~.~~~~ Home page for the course Physical Oceanography, Comprehensive index of multilateral treaties con- maintained by Brian Peer at the University of Pitts- cerning the marine environment. Of pri~~~~interest burgh. is the text for the 1982 United Nations convention on the Law of the Sea. Maine Maritime Academy http://bell.mma.edu/-jbouch/OS211 .html SUMMARY Marine Geology coursepage maintained by Joceline The ocean bottom has been likened to a simple Boucher at the Corning School of Ocean Studies. Very conveyor belt of basalt. At its greatest depths it is nice lecture notes and slides are available for down- covered by a gentle rain of organic matter. N~~~ the load as PowerPoint files. shallow margins of the continents, on the other hand, it is drenched by a steady siliciclastic do^^,,^ ~~k~~ MISCELLANEOUS as a whole, the marine world is a relatively homoge- Alfred Wegener Institute - Sea Ice Tutorial nous place compared to terrestrial environments, yet http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Eistour/index-e.htmI we know so lit.tle of the ocean and the processes at Very interesting material on the physical and eco- work above and below the surface. There are still logical aspects sea ice. many mysteries to be solved, and it's high time we got to the bottom of it (pun intended!). The ,ites listed Bphiolites above represent the best of what we know and will in- spire students to learn even more about this last f - http://www.redwoods.cc.ca.us/sciweb/depts/science/ ron earth/smith/srnith.htm tier on Earth. http://jersey.uoregon.edu/-mstrick/GeoTours/ Josephine%200phiolite/JoOphiolite.html Two very different (but equally informative) virtual field trips through one of the world's best exposures of oceanic crust, the Josephine Ophiolite in California.

Why is the Ocean Salty? http:llwww.ci.pacifica.ca.us/-pacificalNATURAL1 SALTY/saltv.html

I Miscellaneous Announcement I The Earth and Space Science Technological Education Project (ESSTEP) announces its third season of teacher professional-development workshops. This NSF-funded project is a joint effort of the Geological Society of America, Cypress College, and the Space Science Institute, providing secondary and college faculty with training and support for opti~~l classroom use of computer and information-based technologies in earth, space, and envi- ronmental sciences. Faculty apply two- to four-person, multi-grade level, geographic-area teams and must commit to participation in two consecutive summer workshops. training in Global Positioning Systems, Geographic Information Systems, Image Processing, and Multimedia are interwoven with field experiences and discussions about standards, assessment of student learning, and effective teaching practices. The workshop teaching approach is inquiry-based and designed to model a variety of teaching strategies. Partici. pants receive a $600 stipend year one and $300 in year two, in addition to room and board. Continuing education credits are available. Workshops this summer are scheduled for July 6-17, 1999, in Boulder, Colorado, and July 26-August 7, 1999, in Williamsburg, Virginia. For more information and an applica- tion, contact Holly Devaul, The Geological Society of America, 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, CO 80301, 303-447-2020 ext.150, [email protected] are due March 1, 1999. \

Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 46, 1998, p. 527