Vol. 5, No. 10 October 1995 INSIDE • Aerial Photos by Washburn, p. 200 • Call for Award Nominations, p. 203 • Rocky Mountain Section Meeting, GSA TODAY p. 206 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Cordilleran Section Meeting, p. 207

Figure 2. Topography of the Manicouagan complex impact The Record of Terrestrial structure, Quebec, Canada. The original diameter of this Impact Cratering 214 ± 1 Ma structure is esti- mated to have been 100 km. Richard Grieve, James Rupert, Janice Smith, Ann Therriault Erosion, however, has removed the rim, and the structure Continental Geoscience Division. Geological Survey of Canada appears as a series of circular Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y3, Canada features with positive and nega- tive relief, beginning with a 150-km-diameter outer fracture zone, seen most easily in the western and southern sectors, ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION and culminating in slightly off- center topographic peaks. The Approximately 150 terrestrial The first studies of a terrestrial annular Manicouagan reservoir impact structures are currently impact structure, of the now famous (dark green area slightly left of known, representing a small, biased Meteor or Barringer Crater, Arizona, in center) is ˜65 km in diameter sample of a much larger population. the early 1900s by D. M. Barringer and and at ˜360 m elevation. Eleva- The spatial distribution indicates colleagues, produced more controversy tions in the center are as much as 1100 m (brown). concentrations in cratonic areas— than acceptance. There was, however, a ˜ in particular, ones where there have gradual increase in the number of rec- been active search programs. The ognized small craters with meteorite majority of the known impact struc- fragments until the 1960s, when so- tures are <200 m.y. old, reflecting called shock metamorphic effects the increasing likelihood of removal became reliable criteria for assigning by terrestrial geologic processes with an impact origin to specific enigmatic increasing geologic age. There is also terrestrial structures (e.g., see papers in a deficit of structures <20 km in French and Short, 1968). This resulted diameter, due to the greater ease in a major increase in the number of with which smaller features can be recognized impact structures. The removed. Their form is similar to results of the planetary exploration impact craters on other planetary programs of the 1970s demonstrated bodies, although comparisons must the ubiquitous nature of impact in the be made with caution, because of solar system, and studies of terrestrial the modifying effects of erosion. impact structures provided a source of Erosion and burial by postimpact ground truth data for the interpreta- sediments can affect estimates of the tion of the planetary cratering record. most fundamental parameters, such These led to a more general acceptance as diameter. The contents of compi- of terrestrial impact structures by the Figure 3. World map indicating locations of currently known terrestrial impact structures. lations of terrestrial impact struc- geoscience community, but impact Note concentrations of impact structures in Australia, North America, and northern Europe– tures such as presented here, there- was regarded largely as a “planetary” western Russia. fore, vary in reliability, with respect process, with little relevance to Earth to the principal characteristics of history. individual structures, and are subject This began to change in the early in sufficient deterioration to the envi- particular attention to the inherent to ongoing revision. Nevertheless, it 1980s, following the discoveries of ronment to result in a mass extinction. biases in the record, as they must be is possible to estimate a cratering evidence of impact at the Cretaceous- The progress of the debate regarding accommodated when drawing infer- rate similar to independently Tertiary (K-T) boundary. Originally the involvement of large-scale impact ences from the known record. derived rates, based on astronomical hotly debated, the discoveries at the at the K-T boundary can be gauged observations. K-T boundary and of the Chicxulub from papers in Silver and Schultz THE KNOWN RECORD structure in Yucatán, Mexico, have led (1982) and Sharpton and Ward (1990). to increasing consensus that, at least in Planetary impact craters are recog- Currently, there is considerable activity this case, large-scale impact can result nized by their morphology. Terrestrial in the area of the hazard to human civ- impact craters are recognized not only ilization posed by impact (e.g., papers by their morphology but also by their in Gehrels, 1994). geologic structure. In the most highly The presence of impact structures, eroded examples, terrestrial impact however, still does not figure highly in craters no longer have an obvious general descriptions of the terrestrial crater form and are recognized by their geologic environment. The highly geologic characteristics. They are no active geologic environment of Earth longer craters, by definition, and are has served to remove, mask, and mod- best referred to as impact structures. ify the terrestrial impact record To avoid confusion and arbitrary defi- throughout geologic time, making it nitions, we refer to all terrestrial impact less obvious and harder to read than craters as impact structures, regardless that of the other terrestrial planets. The of their state of erosion. known impact record is a biased sam- All known terrestrial impact struc- ple of a larger population and is the tures (Table 1) have evidence of an result of the combination of impact impact origin, through the docu- and endogenic terrestrial geologic pro- mented occurrence of meteoritic mate- cesses. About 150 terrestrial impact rial and/or shock metamorphic fea- craters or crater fields, consisting of tures. To various degrees they also have clusters of relatively small craters, are several other aspects in common, such currently known, and about three to as form, structure, and geophysical five new ones are discovered each year. characteristics. Some of the known ter- The last widely circulated listing of ter- restrial structures have some of these restrial impact craters by Grieve and aspects but lack documented shock Robertson (1987) is a world map, spon- metamorphic features. Although some sored by the International Union of of these are more than likely impact- Geological Sciences Commission on origin features, they are not included Comparative Planetology, which lists in Table 1, for consistency. Events Figure 1. Oblique aerial photograph of the 1.2-km-diameter Barringer or Meteor Crater. This 116 features. Here, we update that list- relatively well preserved example of a simple impact structure still retains some of its ejecta ing and review the basic character of blanket, seen here as the hummocky deposits exterior to the rim. the terrestrial impact record. We pay Cratering continued on p. 194 IN THIS ISSUE Daniel Sarewitz Appointed The Record of Terrestrial GSA Honors Impact Cratering ...... 189 IEE Program Manager IEE Program Manager Appointed ...... 190 50-Year 50-year Fellows Honored ...... 190 In Memoriam ...... 190 A belief that environmental prob- Fellows About People ...... 190 lems can and should define a leading Division News ...... 190 edge in the science for the foreseeable Ralph S. Cannon, Jr. GSA on the Web ...... 190 future and a well-developed interest Committee on Geology and Public in forming better linkages between Doak C. Cox Policy Events at the Annual Meeting ...... 191 science and society characterize the William H. Easton 1995–1996 Congressional attributes sought for the Program Ross R. Heinrich Science Fellow Named ...... 191 Managership in GSA’s Institute for Clifford N. Holmes Washington Report ...... 192 Environmental Education (IEE). Grants Support Research ...... 197 Daniel Harold L. James Daniel R. Sarewitz not only fulfilled Sarewitz 1995 Division and Section Grants ...... 198 these attributes, but brings to the posi- John B. Lyons Book Review ...... 199 tion broad-based experience in public Paul R. Shaffer Washburn Photographs ...... 200 policy as well as education. tor in discussions on environmental GSAF Update ...... 202 Sarewitz previously served as a issues offers a real challenge for the IEE Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. Call for Nominations— Congressional Science Fellow under enterprise. Sarewitz will use the GEPOP Mary C. Vogt Woodland John C. Frye Environmental Geology .... 202 GSA sponsorship (1989–1990) in the (Geology and Environment Public Out- Hatten S. Yoder, Jr. Penrose, Day, Honorary Fellows ...... 203 office of U.S. Congressman George E. reach Program) membership in address- National Awards ...... 204 Brown, Jr. Additionally, Sarewitz has ing this and other IEE matters. Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal) . . 205 served as science consultant to the U.S. Sarewitz received his B.S. degree, Rocky Mountain Section Meeting ...... 206 House of Representatives Committee with honors, in geology from Haver- Cordilleran Section Meeting ...... 207 on Science, Space, and Technology, and ford College in 1978, his M.S. from 1995 GeoVentures Recap ...... 209 In Memoriam he generated numerous policy-related Oregon State University in 1983, and GSA Meetings ...... 210 publications, opinion papers, and his Ph.D. in geology in 1986 from Cor- Classifieds ...... 211 Cesare Emiliani speeches in concert with these Wash- nell University. In addition to his con- Penrose Conferences ...... 211 Palm Beach Gardens, Florida ington-based activities. gressional experience, he has served as However, it was the vigorous, a post-doctoral research associate and Laurence M. Gould October proactive role that Dan Sarewitz envi- lecturer at Cornell. More recently he GSA TODAY Tucson, Arizona Vol. 5, No. 10 1995 sioned for IEE and GSA in dealing with has devoted his talents to freelance June 21, 1995 environmental issues, as well as his writing and has just completed a book GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly sound working knowledge of GSA, that dealing with science, technology, and G. Duncan Johnson by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at most deeply impressed the Search and politics that will be published in spring 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: Macon, Georgia Executive Committees in making the 1996. He joined the GSA headquarters P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. Second- July 26, 1995 class postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional appointment. In particular, his desire staff in September. ■ mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, Membership Services, P.O. 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190 GSA TODAY, October 1995 GSA Congressional Science Fellow Membership Input Needed on Named for 1995–1996 GSA Long-Range Planning A special long-range planning session has been called by President Dave Peter F. Folger has been selected as Stephenson during the New Orleans Annual Meeting. Council members and the tenth GSA Congressional Science section representatives will be considering issues and challenges facing the Fellow. He will work as a special legisla- Society, including: tive assistant on the staff of a committee • the focus of GSA as a generalist society or member of the U.S. Congress from • improved member services and member-related issues and concerns September 1995 through August 1996. • the role of GSA and the decade of revolution in the earth sciences. As a Congressional Science Fellow, Folger hopes to work on issues span- The membership is invited to participate in this process, and President ning resource development and envi- Stephenson would like to hear from you directly. Recent surveys and studies ronmental preservation, as well as have been helpful; however, your personal participation is an important part public health policies, and to gain of the process in providing vision and future direction for the Society. Please experience in the knowledge-transfer Peter F. direct your thoughts or comments by October 31 to: process between the scientific commu- Folger President Dave Stephenson nity and policymakers. Folger expects Geological Society of America to apply his experiences in private issues by providing scientific and tech- P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 industry, government research, and nical expertise. Fax: 303-447-1133, E-mail: [email protected] academia to the complicated issues of Funded by GSA and by a grant formulating a proper balance between from the U.S. Geological Survey, the resource development and economic fellowship demonstrates the value of and environmental impact. science-government interaction and Folger received his Ph.D. in geolog- relates the need for informed involve- GSA Committee on ical engineering in 1995 from the Col- ment to the earth science community. orado School of Mines. His principal The program places highly qualified, Geology and Public Policy research interests and training are in accomplished scientists with the offices the fields of hydrogeology, economic of individual members of Congress or VENTS AT THE NNUAL EETING geology, and geochemistry, with special committees for a one-year assignment. E 1995 A M emphasis on water quality and radon Fellows perform in much the same way concentration. From 1989 to 1991, his as regular staff members; they have the Wednesday, November 8, Ernest N. Morial Convention industry experience included managing opportunity to be involved in varied Center, New Orleans, Louisiana a geochemical programs group and legislative, oversight, and investigative working as a project geologist at the activities. They offer their special Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado. Prior knowledge, skills, and competence for (12:00–1:00 p.m.) to that, he was a geologist for AMAX the opportunity to acquire experience Earth Scientists on Capitol Hill Exploration for two years. Folger and the chance to contribute to the for- GSA’s ninth Congressional Science Fellow Jill S. Schneiderman has worked received an A.B. with distinction in mulation of national policy. The Fellow in the office of Senator Thomas Daschle (D—SD) for the past year. Schneiderman geology from Dartmouth College in reports periodically to the GSA mem- was involved in national environmental and natural resource policies, particularly 1982, and a masters in geology in bership and to the U.S. Geological Sur- forest and mining issues, and Missouri River and water-quality issues. 1988 from the University of Montana. vey during the one-year period. At this open session, Schneiderman will report about her experiences on the Requirements for the fellowship Hill and discuss some means by which earth scientists may become more effective The Fellowship include exceptional competence in in the public policy sphere. Geology and Public Policy Committee members will some area of the earth sciences, cog- The Congressional Science Fellow- comment on how scientists can provide expertise to the U.S. Congress, on the role nizance of a broad range of matters ship gives a geoscientist first-hand of the GSA Science Fellow program, and on the process to apply for the fellowship. outside the Fellow’s particular area, experience with the legislative process Funded by GSA and by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey, the GSA and a strong interest in working on a and the opportunity to view science fellowship demonstrates the value of science-government interaction, and relates range of public policy problems. Fel- policy issues from the lawmaker’s per- the need for informed involvement to the earth science community. ■ lows attend a two-week orientation spective. At the same time, the Fellow conducted by the American Association assists in the analysis of public policy ■ for the Advancement of Science. Geology and Public Policy Forum (1:00–2:30 p.m.) GEOLOGY’S FUTURE: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, STATE SURVEYS, ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR The annual GSA Geology and Public Policy Committee forum will take a look into the future and discuss the role of geology and geologists in light of changing public and government attitudes toward science, research, and environmental pri- Congressional orities. Recent issues being addressed in Congress may have serious consequences for the direction of our profession. Science Fellowship The U.S. Geological Survey and some state surveys have been targeted for complete elimination or severe budget cutbacks. The value of their projects for 1996–1997 the public benefit is being questioned. Academic institutions are revisiting and revising curricula to place less emphasis on the dwindling resource recovery outside the Fellow’s particular area, he Geological Society of America industry and to make those curricula more relevant to today’s job market. A scan and a strong interest in working on a T is accepting applications for the of recently advertised academic positions indicates a trend toward the fields of range of public policy problems. 1996–1997 Congressional Science environmental geology and hydrogeology. In the private sector, more geologists Fellowship. The Fellow selected will Award are finding work in the environmental consulting arena than in most other areas. spend a year (September 1996– The GSA Congressional Science At the same time, environmental legislation passed to date is being closely scruti- August 1997) in the office of an indi- Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 nized by Congress, and government-funded restoration programs are coming vidual member of Congress or a con- stipend, and limited health insurance, under fire for being wasteful and showing lack of progress. gressional committee for the purpose relocation, and travel allowances. The While the current reinvention of government can be viewed as a threat to of contributing scientific and techni- fellowship is funded by GSA and by a geologists and to scientists in general, we can also seize it as an opportunity to cal expertise to public policy issues grant from the U.S. Geological Sur- revitalize the role of our science in the future. As scientists dealing with the planet and gaining firsthand experience vey. (Employees of the USGS are ineli- on which we live, we should play an instrumental part in its use and sustainabilty. with the legislative process. The gible to apply for this fellowship. For However, unless we can better define our potential contributions and the impor- American Association for the Ad- information about other programs, tance of geological information, we may be left behind as society advances further vancement of Science conducts an contact AAAS or the Geological Soci- into the information and technology age. The geoscience community must orientation program to assist the Fel- ety of America.) become more active and vocal at this critical time. low seeking a congressional staff posi- tion in which he or she can work on To Apply Forum participants include: major legislative issues. Procedures for application and • Patrick Leahy, Chief Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia • Victor R. Baker, Professor of Geology, Department of Geosciences, Criteria detailed requirements are available in the geology departments of most University of Arizona, Tucson The program is open to highly colleges and universities in the United • John J. Amoruso, Independent Oil Consultant, Houston, Texas qualified postdoctoral to mid-career States or upon request from: Execu- • William L. Fisher, University of Texas–Austin, retired State Geologist of Texas, earth scientists. Candidates should tive Director, Geological Society of and former Assistant Secretary of Interior have exceptional competence in America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, • Richard E. Wright, Wright Associates, Inc., Middletown, Pennsylvania some area of the earth sciences, cog- CO 80301. nizance of a broad range of matters The forum will be in panel discussion format. Each participant will have 15 minutes, followed by comments and observations of panel members. DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS IS FEBRUARY 1, 1996 Questions and comments from the audience will conclude the forum. ■

GSA TODAY, October 1995 191 WASHINGTON REPORT

Bruce F. Molnia

Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities Washington Report will present summaries of agency and interagency programs, of the federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international track legislation, and present insights into Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they interactions that could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, pertain to the geosciences.

CODATA Survey on Transborder Data Flow—Will You Help?

Since the inception of GSA Today the largest computer in existence less lems such as global environmental complexity and importance in scien- in 1991, many Washington Reports than a quarter of a century ago. degradation or disease epidemics raises tific research and international collabo- and Forums have dealt with numerous A whole new generation of data new challenges. ration. The study will outline the needs aspects of scientific data, its availability, problems and issues has also evolved. To understand many aspects of for data in the major research areas of and its flow. During these five years, a Scientists commonly encounter barriers these issues, the National Academy of current scientific interest in the natural global technology explosion has in gaining access to data relevant to Sciences–National Research Council sciences. Additionally, the study will occurred, the result of which is virtu- their research. These barriers, both (NAS-NRC) has organized a study, characterize legal, economic, policy, ally instantaneous electronic global technical and nontechnical, have been chaired by R. Stephen Berry of the Uni- cultural, and technical factors and data and information exchange. Desk- a topic of increasing concern in recent versity of Chicago, to investigate the trends that influence access to data. top computers provide inexpensive years. Sheer volume has been one fac- barriers and other issues in the trans- The study will attempt to identify and data storage, handling, and processing tor, but by no means the only one. The border flow of scientific data. The pri- analyze barriers to international access capability that exceeds the capacity of integration of multidisciplinary data on mary focus of the study is on data in to scientific data that could have the an international basis to address prob- electronic forms, a topic of increasing most adverse impact in the natural sci- ences. The emphasis will be on factors common to all disciplines. According to Berry and Paul F. Uhlir, Director of the NRC Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA), the goal of the study is to help improve access to scientific data and services internationally. The result of the study will be formulation of rec- ommendations that will be presented to the federal government and the sci- entific community. The recommenda- tions will identify approaches that could help overcome barriers to data access internationally. CODATA is an interdisciplinary committee organized under the Inter- national Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), a nongovernmental organiza- tion created in 1931 to promote inter- national scientific activity and its appli- cation to humanity in the different branches of science. According to CODATA’s charter, the committee is concerned with all types of quantita- tive data resulting from experimental measurements or observations in the physical, biological, geological, and astronomical sciences. CODATA’s gen- eral objectives include improvement of the quality and accessibility of data, as well as the methods by which data are acquired, managed, and analyzed; facil- itation of international cooperation among those collecting, organizing, and using data; and promotion of an increased awareness in the scientific and technical community of the importance of these activities. In order to obtain broad input from the users and suppliers of scien- tific data, the study committee has developed an “Inquiry to Interested Parties,” requesting information on: barriers to data access, pricing of data, protection of intellectual property, problems of less developed countries, scientific data for global problems, use of electronic networks, and other tech- nical issues. GSA Today readers inter- ested in providing input to the study are invited to respond to this inquiry, which is presented on p. 193. The inquiry can also be found on CODATA’s World Wide Web home page, which can be accessed at the following address: http://www.cisti. nrc.ca/codata/welcome.html. Berry and Uhlir ask that you assist them by responding to and returning the inquiry. You may skip any ques- tions that you do not feel you can address meaningfully, and you can add any points that you would like them to know or consider. Please send your response and any related documenta-

Data Flow continued on p. 193

192 GSA TODAY, October 1995 Data Flow continued from p. 192 these problems, especially by the inter- availability or exchange of scientific for other institutions or individuals national scientific community? data to better address these concerns? to contact with regard to these ques- tion by January 31, 1996, to: Paul 5. Electronic Networks. (a) Has the 8. Other Issues. Do you have any tions, as well as any references to key Uhlir, USNC-CODATA, NAS/NRC, 2101 development and growth of the Inter- specific concerns or examples of suc- documents. Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washing- net and other electronic networking cesses that you believe should be Thank you for your cooperation. ton, DC 20418, (202) 334-3061, fax services affected the way you access or considered in this study? In addition, NRC Committee on 202-334-2154; Internet: [email protected]. distribute data internationally? Please we would welcome your suggestions Data for Science and Technology ■ give specific examples if you can. (b) Inquiry to Interested How do you think the situation with Parties on Issues in the electronic networks will change in the Transborder Flow of next 5–10 years or so, and what are the Scientific Data likely impacts to your activities? Visit the 6. Other Technical Issues. (a) Besides Visit the Please provide the following those associated with electronic net- information: works, what are the most important Name, Address, Telephone/fax/ technical benefits or problems you E-mail (optional). have experienced in either disseminat- GSAGSA BOOKSTOREBOOKSTORE Brief description of your data activities ing or accessing data internationally? and discipline background. (b) What changes do you anticipate Are you answering this questionnaire over the next 5–10 years, and what are as a scientific data: user, producer, dis- the likely impacts to your activities? in New Orleans (Booth #525) tributor, vendor, system manager, net- 7. Scientific Data for Global work operator, policymaker, or other? Problems. (a) In your view, what is the and at all the Check all that apply. role of international scientific data for addressing global problems, now 1. Barriers to Data Access. Some and in the future? Please elaborate. 1996 Section Meetings restrictions on access to scientific data (b) What can be done to enhance the frequently are considered necessary to protect various interests as well as the integrity of the data. In your experi- ence, have restrictions on data been a problem? Can you identify any specific impacts or trends? Please explain. 2. Pricing of Data. If you use data for scientific research, please tell us: (a) What data sets you have recently used for which you or your institution paid nothing, and in what form you got these data (e.g., World Wide Web, other on-line, CD-ROM, diskette, tape, film, paper, etc.)? (b) What data have you recently used for which you paid any amount (including the cost of repro- duction or communication connectiv- ity); in what form did you get these data, how were you charged (e.g., flat rate, charge per use, etc.), and how much? (c) What data would you like to use for your research, but consider them too expensive/costly? What is the cost of such data and what is their value (apart from cost)? (d) For the data listed under (c) above, what arrange- ments could help make these data available to you? In what form would you like to be able to get these data? If you supply data for scientific research (and perhaps for other uses), please tell us: (e) Are you a profit-making enter- prise?; if not, what is the form and intent of your organization? (f) What kind of data do you supply that are used by scientific researchers? (g) Besides scientific researchers, what kind of other users of your data are there, if any? (h) Do you provide special pricing for research/academic users? If so, what is your pricing policy? (i) What are the media you use to distribute your data (e.g., paper, film, tapes, diskettes, CD- ROMs, on-line, etc.)? (j) If you sell or otherwise market your data, what is your perception of the price elasticity and demand for the data you dis- tribute? What changes would you make to your data products and ser- vices if demand were to increase? 3. Protection of Intellectual Property. (a) What are the principal legal and technical mechanisms actually used for protecting unauthorized uses of data in your country/institution/discipline area? (b) Can you provide any informa- tion about how such legal or technical mechanisms are implemented or enforced? What are the positive and negative impacts? 4. Less Developed Countries. (a) In your experience, what have been the principal problems associated with transferring data into or out of “less developed countries,” including those nations from the former Soviet Union? (b) What can be done to help alleviate

GSA TODAY, October 1995 193 Cratering continued from p. 189 TABLE 1. KNOWN TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES Crater name Location Lat Long Age (Ma) Diam. (km) associated with such phenomena as the 1908 Tunguska explosion, the late Acraman South Australia, Australia 32°1’S 135°27’E >450 90 Pliocene meteorite debris found over Ames Oklahoma, USA 36°15’N 98°12’W 470 ± 30 16 ~300,000 km2 of the South Pacific Amguid Algeria 26°5’N 4°23’E <0.1 0.45 Aorounga Chad, Africa 19°6’N 19°15’E <0.004 12.6 (Kyte et al., 1988), the North American Aouelloul Mauritania 20°15’N 12°41’W 3.1 ± 0.3 0.39 microtektite strewn field, and others Araguainha Dome Brazil 16°47’S 52°59’W 247.0 ± 5.5 40 are also not included in Table 1. Avak Alaska, USA71°15’N 156°38’W >95 12 In compiling Table 1, we used the Azuara Spain 41°10’N 0°55’W <130 30 literature, supplemented by our own B.P. Structure Libya 25°19’N 24°20’E <120 2.8 Barringer Arizona, USA 35°2’N 111°1’W 0.049 ± 0.003 1.19 observations, on (most commonly) the Beaverhead Montana, USA 44°36’N 113°0’W ~600 60 presence of shock metamorphic effects Beyenchime-Salaatin Russia 71°50’N 123°30’E <65 8 at a particular structure. There is, how- Bigach Kazakhstan 48°30’N 82°0’E 6 ± 3 7 ever, a judgmental component in that Boltysh Ukraine 48°45’N 32°10’E 88 ± 3 24 Bosumtwi Ghana 6°30’N 1°25’W 1.03 ± 0.02 10.5 the documentation of shock metamor- Boxhole Northern Territory, Australia 22°37’S 135°12’E 0.0300 ± 0.0005 0.17 phic effects must be convincing. For Brent Ontario, Canada 46°5’N 78°29’W 450 ± 30 3.8 some cases for which there have been Campo Del Cielo* Argentina 27°38’S 61°42’W <0.004 0.05 claims of shock metamorphism, we Carswell Saskatchewan, Canada 58°27’N 109°30’W 115 ± 10 39 have not included the structure. For Charlevoix Quebec, Canada 47°32’N 70°18’W 357 ± 15 54 Chesapeake Bay Virginia, USA 37°15’N 76°5’W 35.5 ± 0.6 85 example, we do not include the Sevetin Chicxulub Yucatán, Mexico 21°20’N 89°30’W 64.98 ± 0.05 170 structure in the former Czechoslovakia, Chiyli Kazakhstan 49°10’N 57°51’E 46 ± 7 5.5 although there was a report of shock Chukcha Russia 75°42’N 97°48’E <70 6 metamorphism in quartz (Vrána, 1987). Clearwater East Quebec, Canada 56°5’N 74°7’W 290 ± 20 26 Clearwater West Quebec, Canada 56°13’N 74°30’W 290 ± 20 36 Our own observations and recent trans- Connolly Basin Western Australia, Australia 23°32’S 124°45’E <60 9 mission electron microscope studies Couture Quebec, Canada 60°8’N 75°20’W 430 ± 25 8 have indicated that this deformation is Crooked Creek Missouri, USA 37°50’N 91°23’W 320 ± 80 7 not shock produced (Cordier et. al., Dalgaranga Western Australia, Australia 27°43’S 117°15’E 0.027 0.02 1994). In a few cases of reports of shock Decaturville Missouri, USA 37°54’N 92°43’W <300 6 Deep Bay Saskatchewan, Canada 56°24’N 102°59’W 100 ± 50 13 metamorphism, it is not clear with Dellen Sweden 61°55’N 16°39’E 89.0 ± 2.7 19 what structure they are associated. For Des Plaines Illinois, USA 42°3’N 87°52’W <280 8 example, for Bee Bluff, Texas, some- Dobele Latvia 56°35’N 23°15’E 300 ± 35 4.5 times known as Uvalde, there are two Eagle Butte Alberta, Canada 49°42’N 110°30’W <65 10 El’gygytgyn Russia 67°30’N 172°0’E 3.5 ± 0.5 18 separate reports of shock metamor- Flynn Creek Tennessee, USA 36°17’N 85°40’W 360 ± 20 3.55 phism, but it has been suggested that Gardnos Norway 60°39’N 9°0’E 500 ± 10 5 the shocked materials are detrital and Glasford Illinois, USA 40°36’N 89°47’W <430 4 not specific to Bee Bluff (Sharpton and Glover Bluff Wisconsin, USA 43°58’N 89°32’W <500 8 Nielsen, 1988). Until this issue is Goat Paddock Western Australia, Australia 18°20’S 126°40’E <50 5.1 Gosses Bluff Northern Territory, Australia 23°50’S 132°19’E 142.5 ± 0.5 22 resolved, we do not list Bee Bluff. Given Gow Saskatchewan, Canada 56°27’N 104°29’W <250 5 the discovery rate and the time lag Granby Sweden 58°25’N 15°56’E 470 3 between initial discovery and publica- Gusev Russia 48°21’N 40°14’E 65 ± 2 3.5 tion, Table 1 is already out of date. Gweni-Fada Chad, Africa 17°25’N 21°45’E <345 14 Haughton Northwest Territories, Canada 75°22’N 89°41’W 23 ± 1 24 Any listing of the diameters of ter- Haviland Kansas, USA 37°35’N 99°10’W <0.001 0.02 restrial impact structures is a mix of Henbury* Northern Territory, Australia 24°35’S 133°9’E <0.005 0.16 interpretations from topographical, Holleford Ontario, Canada 44°28’N 76°38’W 550 ± 100 2.35 geological, and geophysical data. Indi- Ile Rouleau Quebec, Canada 50°41’N 73°53’W <300 4 vidual diameter estimates can differ. As Ilumetsa Estonia 57°58’N 25°25’E >0.002 0.08 Ilyinets Ukraine 49°6’N 29°12’E 395 ± 5 4.5 more data become available for individ- Iso-Naakkima Finland 62°11’N 27°9’E >1000 3 ual impact structures, estimates of their Jänisjärvi Russia 61°58’N 30°55’E 698 ± 22 14 original diameter are revised. The most Kaalijärvi* Estonia 58°24’N 22°40’E 0.004 ± 0.001 0.11 controversial estimate of diameter is Kalkkop South Africa 32°43’S 24°34’E <1.8 0.64 Kaluga Russia 54°30’N 36°15’E 380 ± 10 15 probably for the buried Chicxulub Kamensk Russia 48°20’N 40°15’E 49 ± 18 25 structure (Table 1), which is the source Kara Russia 69°12’N 65°0’E 73 ±3 65 crater for the K-T boundary deposits. Kara-Kul Tajikistan 39°1’N 73°27’E <5 52 We list ~170–180 km (Pilkington et al., Kärdla Estonia 58°59’N 22°40’E 455 4 1994); but it has been suggested that Karla Russia 54°54’N 48°0’E <10 12 Kelly West Northern Territory, Australia 19°56’S 133°57’E >550 10 Chicxulub may be as large as ~300 km Kentland Indiana, USA 40°45’N 87°24’W <97 13 (Sharpton et al., 1993). Additional data Kursk Russia 51°40’N 36°0’E 250 ± 80 5.5 acquisition, including reflection seis- La Moinerie Quebec, Canada 57°26’N 66°37’W 400 ± 50 8 mic, planned for the near future should Lappajärvi Finland 63°12’N 23°42’E 77.3 ± 0.4 23 Lawn Hill Queensland, Australia 18°40’S 138°39’E >515 18 resolve the issue. Data compilations of Liverpool Northern Territory, Australia 12°24’S 134°3’E 150 ± 70 1.6 rim diameters of terrestrial impact Lockne Sweden 63°0’N 14°48’E >455 7 craters, such as Table 1, should be used Logancha Russia 65°30’N 95°50’E 25 ± 20 20 with some caution. They are dynamic Logoisk Belarus 54°12’N 27°48’E 40 ± 5 17 in nature and subject to revision. *Crater fields. Diameter given is of largest of the multiple structures. MORPHOLOGY Relatively uneroded terrestrial Some of this can be ascribed to differ- exercised, however, when comparing 1993). The lack of definitive evidence impact structures display the basic pro- ences in target rock properties, com- morphologic elements of individual for multiring impact structures on gression, from simple to complex forms plex craters occurring in sedimentary terrestrial impact structures and, in par- Earth illustrates that caution is neces- with increasing diameter, that is targets at diameters >2 km. Complex ticular, when comparing terrestrial and sary when appraising the form of ter- observed on other terrestrial planets. crater forms are characterized by struc- planetary craters (Pike, 1985). Original restrial impact structures. All exposed Simple craters have the form of a bowl- turally complex and faulted rim areas, a morphologic elements can be terrestrial impact structures have been shaped depression with a structurally flat annular trough, and uplifted topo- enhanced, modified, or removed by modified by erosion. Some buried upraised rim. The rim area is overlain graphically high central structures (Fig. erosional processes on Earth, processes structures, which formed in areas of by ejecta deposits, and the crater floor 2). Studies at terrestrial impact struc- that affect the relative dimensional continuous postimpact sedimentation, represents the top of a subsurface brec- tures indicate that the central struc- relations between morphologic ele- presumably have preserved their origi- cia lens. The canonical example is Bar- tures contain rocks uplifted from ments. Some of the basic relations, nal morphology. They are, however, ringer or Meteor Crater (Fig. 1). Because deeper levels (e.g., Grieve and Pesonen, such as depth/diameter, for relatively poorly known, because their form can of its young age, Barringer has a par- 1992). Various lines of evidence indi- pristine terrestrial impact structures are be reconstructed only from spot infor- tially preserved exterior ejecta deposit. cate that complex structures result given in Grieve and Pesonen (1992). mation, such as from drill holes, and Most simple craters, however, are con- from changes in the nature of the later It is not known if there are exam- from geophysical interpretations. siderably more degraded than Bar- stages of the cratering process with ples of true multiring basins on Earth. ringer; in some cases, the rim area has respect to simple craters. Although The largest known terrestrial impact SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION been completely removed by erosion some details are not well understood, structures are Chicxulub, Sudbury, and and the interior filled with postimpact All known terrestrial impact struc- the basic principles of cratering Vredefort (Table 1). Chicxulub is buried sediments. tures (Fig. 3) are entirely on land, with mechanics in the formation of simple by ~1 km of platform sediments (Hilde- Simple structures on Earth have the exceptions of Montagnais, Chesa- and complex craters have been estab- brand et al., 1991). Sudbury is eroded diameters of as much as 4 km. Terres- peake Bay, Chicxulub, and Ust-Kara lished (e.g., Melosh, 1989). and highly tectonized but may have trial impact structures with diameters (Table 1). The status of Ust-Kara has Terrestrial complex impact struc- had an interior ring (Stöffler et al., >4 km generally have a complex form. also been questioned. It is poorly tures also show the second-order forms 1994). Vredefort is also highly eroded— As with craters on other planetary bod- exposed, and Nazarov et al. (1991) observed on other planetary bodies, only the crater floor preserved—and ies, however, there is some overlap of such as central peak craters, peak-ring there is no direct indication of its origi- forms near the transition diameter. craters, and ring basins. Care must be nal morphology (Therriault et al., Cratering continued on p. 195

194 GSA TODAY, October 1995 TABLE 1. (continued) have been obtained from shocked zir- cons (Krogh et al., 1993) and from new Crater name Location Lat. Long. Age (Ma) Diam. (km) zircons crystallized from impact melts Lonar India 19°58’N 76°31’E 0.052 ±0.006 1.83 (Hodych and Dunning, 1992). Lumparn Finland 60°12’N 20°6’E ~1000 9 The remainder of known terrestrial Macha* Russia 59°59’N 118°0’E <0.007 0.3 impact structures have biostratigraphic Manicouagan Quebec, Canada 51°23’N 68°42’W 214 ± 1 100 Manson Iowa, USA 42°35’N 94°33’W 73.8 ± 0.3 35 or stratigraphic dates. Some postimpact Marquez Texas, USA 31°17’N 96°18’W 58 ± 2 13 biostratigraphic dates are minimum age Middlesboro Kentucky, USA 36°37’N 83°44’W <300 6 estimates—e.g., Lockne (Table 1; Grahn Mien Sweden 56°25’N 14°52’E 121.0 ± 2.3 9 and Nolvak, 1993). Most stratigraphic Mishina Gora Russia 58°40’N 28°0’E <360 4 dates, however, are maximum age esti- Mistastin Newfoundland-Labrador, Canada 55°53’N 63°18’W 38 ± 4 28 Mizarai Lithuania 54°1’N 24°34’E 570 ± 50 5 mates, the age being listed only as less Montagnais Nova Scotia, Canada 42°53’N 64°13’W 50.50 ± 0.76 45 than the age of the target rocks; e.g., Monturaqui Chile 23°56’S 68°17’W <1 0.46 Eagle Butte is formed in Cretaceous Morasko* Poland 52°29’N 16°54’ E 0.01 0.1 rocks and listed as <65 Ma (Table 1). In New Quebec Quebec, Canada 61°17’N 73°40’W 1.4 ± 0.1 3.44 Newporte North Dakota, USA 48°58’N 101°58’W <500 3 the worst cases, a crude constraint on Nicholson Northwest Territories, Canada 62°40’N 102°41’W <400 12.5 the age is provided by the degree of Oasis Libya 24°35’N 24°24’E <120 11.5 erosion. For example, the age of the Obolon’ Ukraine 49°30’N 32°55’E 215 ±25 15 Slate Islands is based on the similarity Odessa* Texas, USA 31°45’N 102°29’W <0.05 0.17 of its erosional level to that of Ouarkziz Algeria 29°0’N 7°33’W <70 3.5 Piccaninny Western Australia, Australia 17°32’S 128°25’E <360 7 Charlevoix, which has been isotopi- Pilot Northwest Territories, Canada 60°17’N 111°1’W 445 ± 2 6 cally dated (Table 1). They are similar Popigai Russia 71°30’N 111°0’E 35 ± 5 100 in size and occur in areas of broadly Presqu’île Quebec, Canada 49°43’N 74°48’W <500 24 similar geologic history. Erosional rates, Pretoria Saltpan South Africa 25°24’S 28°5’E 0.220 ± 0.052 1.13 Puchezh-Katunki Russia 57°6’N 43°35’E 175 ±3 80 however, can vary considerably, partic- Ragozinka Russia 58°18’N 62°0’E 55 ± 5 9 ularly in areas that have been glaciated. Red Wing North Dakota, USA 47°36’N 103°33’W 200 ± 25 9 In addition, some craters have been Riachao Ring Brazil 7°43’S 46°39’W <200 4.5 buried, preserved, and only recently Ries Germany 48°53’ N10°37’E 15 ±1 24 exhumed—e.g., the old, but relatively Rio Cuarto* Argentina 30°52’S 64°14’W <0.1 4.5 Rochechouart France 45°50’N 0°56’E 186 ± 8 23 small Brent, Janisjärvi, and Säaksjärvi Roter Kamm Namibia 27°46’S 16°18’E 3.7 ± 0.3 2.5 structures (Table 1). Rotmistrovka Ukraine 49°0’N 32°0’E 140 ± 20 2.7 Impact age estimates, therefore, are Sääksjärvi Finland 61°24’N 22°24’E ~560 6 a mixture of determinations that vary Saint Martin Manitoba, Canada 51°47’N 98°32’W 220 ± 32 40 Serpent Mound Ohio, USA 39°2’N 83°24’W <320 8 in accuracy and precision. Caution Serra da Cangalha Brazil 8°5’S 46°52’W <300 12 must be exercised when using these Shunak Kazakhstan 47°12’N 72°42’E 12 ± 5 3.1 ages to calculate parameters such as Sierra Madera Texas, USA 30°36’N 102°55’W <100 13 cratering rate estimates and as input Sikhote Alin Russia 46°7’N 134°40’E 0 0.03 into time-series analyses for searches Siljan Sweden 61°2’N 14°52’E 368.0 ±1.1 52 Slate Islands Ontario, Canada 48°40’N 87°0’W <350 30 for periodicities and links to other geo- Sobolev Russia 46°18’N 138°52’E <0.001 0.05 logic processes (e.g., Stothers and Söderfjärden Finland 62°54’N 21°42’E ~600 5.5 Rampino, 1990). Some broad trends, Spider Western Australia, Australia 16°44’S 126°5’E >570 13 however, are clear. The temporal distri- Steen River Alberta, Canada 59°30’N 117°38’W 95 ± 7 25 Steinheim Germany 48°2’N 10°4’E 15 ± 1 3.8 bution of known terrestrial impact Strangways Northern Territory, Australia 15°12’S 133°35’E <470 25 structures is biased toward younger Sudbury Ontario, Canada 46°36’N 81°11’W 1850 ± 3 250 ages; over 60% are younger than 200 Suvasvesi N Finland 62°42’N 28°0’E <1000 4 Ma (Fig. 4). This is a function of ero- Tabun-Khara-Obo Mongolia 44°6’N 109°36’E >1.8 1.3 sion. As surface features in a highly Talemzane Algeria 33°19’N 4°2’E <3 1.75 Teague Western Australia, Australia 25°52’S 120°53’E 1630 ± 5 30 active geologic environment, terrestrial Tenoumer Mauritania 22°55’N 10°24’W 2.5 ±0.5 1.9 impact structures can be removed rela- Ternovka Ukraine 48°1’N 33°5’E 350 ± 00 15 tively rapidly. The rate at which this Tin Bider Algeria 27°36’N 5 7’E <70 6 occurs varies with the geologic history Tookoonooka Queensland, Australia 27°0’S 143°0’E 128 ± 5 55 Tvären Sweden 58°46’N 17°25’E >455 2 of the area. For example, it has been Upheaval Dome Utah, USA 38°26’N 109°54’W <65 10 estimated that structures with diame- Ust-Kara Russia 69°18’N 65°18’E 73 ± 3 25 ters ≤20 km can be effectively removed Vargeao Dome Brazil 26°50’S 52°7’W <70 12 in as little as 120 m.y. in exposed shield Veevers Western Australia, Australia 22°58’S 125°22’E <1 0.08 areas that have been glaciated (Grieve, Vepriai Lithuania 54°1’N 24°34’E >160 ± 30 8 Vredefort South Africa 27°0’S 27°30’E 2006 ± 9 300 1984). Conversely, the interior of Aus- Wabar* Saudi Arabia 21°30’N 50°28’E 0.006 ± 0.002 0.1 tralia, which has had a remarkably sta- Wanapitei Ontario, Canada 46°45’N 80°45’W 37 ± 2 7.5 ble geologic history, has a relatively Wells Creek Tennessee, USA 36°23’N 87°40’W 200 ± 100 12 high number of Proterozoic-aged West Hawk Manitoba, Canada 49°46’N 95°11’W 100 ± 50 2.44 Wolfe Creek Western Australia, Australia 19°18’S 127°46’E <0.3 0.88 impact structures (~30% of the known Zapadnaya Ukraine 49°44’N 29°0’E 115 ± 10 4 structures in Australia; Table 1), and the Zeleny Gai Ukraine 48°42’N 32°54’E 120 ± 20 2.5 Russian platform has a relatively high Zhamanshin Kazakhstan 48°20’N 60°58’E 0.9 ±0.1 13.5 number of impact structures of Meso- zoic age (Table 1), because of postim- pact burial by platform sediments.

SIZE DISTRIBUTION Cratering continued from p. 194 Australia, and Northern Europe areas—e.g., Gardnos and Kara-Kul Terrestrial impact structures are as through to the western part of the for- (Table 1), where they were formed after much as ~300 km in diameter (Table 1). attributed its impact lithologies to its mer Soviet Union (Fig. 3). These are the mountain belts formed. As noted earlier, there is considerable twin structure, Kara (Table 1). Several largely cratonic areas, either exposed uncertainty in some diameter esti- structures now on land were formed Precambrian Shield or platform sedi- TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION mates. In some cases, erosion has under water in epicontinental seas or ments overlying shield, where there Approximately 40% of known ter- removed all topographic expression, on continental margins. No impact have been programs to identify and restrial impact structures have been and what remains is a geologic structures are known from the world’s study impact craters. We cannot dated isotopically, generally from the anomaly, with a roughly circular shape. ocean basins. Oceanic structures emphasize enough the importance of analysis of impact melt rocks. Most of In a few cases, the original negative undoubtedly exist, but the present level the influence on the local rate of dis- the materials (~90%) affected by impact topographic expression of the crater of knowledge of the ocean floors is covery of programs to identify impact in a cratering event, however, are sub- has been replaced by positive topogra- insufficient for identification. Ocean- structures. Increased awareness of jected to insufficient shock pressures phy. For example, Gosses Bluff (Table 1) floor spreading and subduction also impact structures and their characteris- and postshock temperatures to signifi- is a 5-km-diameter, topographically play a role in the obliteration of tics in Fennoscandia led to the confir- cantly disturb isotopic dating systems high ring of erosionally resistant sand- oceanic impact craters. Not all known mation, since 1992, of an impact origin (Deutsch and Schärer, 1994). The bulk stones. Other data indicate that the structures are exposed at the surface. for Gardnos, Lockne, Iso-Naakkima, of isotopic dates are K-Ar or, more original diameter of the structure was Many contain postimpact sediments Lumparn, and Suvasvesi (Table 1). recently, 40Ar/39Ar plateau dates. Fine- 22 km and that what remains is the and ~30% are completely buried by There has been a similar recent upsurge grained, commonly clast-rich, impact erosional remnant of the interior of a cover rocks. The latter were generally in identification of impact structures in melt rocks are not particularly easy to central uplift. discovered through geophysical southern Africa. Few impact structures date isotopically, because of inherited There is a bias in the size-frequency anomalies that are associated with have been found outside cratonic areas, Ar from the clasts. In only a few cases is distribution of terrestrial impact struc- impact structures (Pilkington and which are the most suitable surfaces for the grain size or compositional varia- tures. In the Phanerozoic impact Grieve, 1992), and they were subse- the preservation of such structures in tion of impact melt rocks sufficient to record, the cumulative size frequency quently explored through drilling. the terrestrial geologic environment. A permit use of such dating techniques as of terrestrial impact structures at large The spatial distribution of known few structures have been heavily tec- Rb-Sr isochrons (Deutsch and Schärer, impact structures is not random. There tonized—e.g., Beaverhead and Sudbury 1994). In a few cases, precise U-Pb dates are concentrations in North America, (Table 1)—or occur in mountainous Cratering continued on p. 196

GSA TODAY, October 1995 195 Cratering continued from p. 195 Grieve, R. A. F., and Pesonen, L. J., 1992, The ter- restrial impact cratering record: Tectonophysics, v. 216, p. 1–30. diameters is similar to that on other terrestrial planets (Fig. 5). At diameters Figure 4. Histogram of Grieve, R. A. F., and Robertson, P. R., 1987, age estimates of terres- Terrestrial impact structures: Geological Survey less than ~20 km, however, the cumu- of Canada Map 1658A, scale 1:63,000,000. trial impact structures lative size-frequency distribution falls in the Phanerozoic, Hildebrand, A. R., Penfield, G. T., Kring, D. A., off, indicating the increasing effects of binned by 50 m.y. Pilkington, M., Camargo, A. Z., Jacobsen, S. B., removal and, to a lesser extent, burial Note that the majority and Boynton, W. V., 1991, Chicxulub crater: of smaller structures. At simple struc- A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact of the known structures crater on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Geol- tures the geological effects of impact are <200 Ma, due to ogy, v. 19, p. 867-871. are visible to a depth of about one- the effects of terrestrial geologic processes on Hodych, J. P., and Dunning, G. R., 1992, Did the third the final rim diameter (Grieve Manicouagan impact trigger end-of-Triassic mass and Pesonen, 1992). Thus, the geologic the preserved record. extinction?: Geology, v. 20, p. 51–54. evidence for the largest terrestrial sim- Krogh, T. E., Kamo, S. L., and Bohor, B. F., 1993, ple impact structures can be removed Fingerprinting the K/T impact site and determin- by <1.5 km of erosion. At larger com- ing the time of impact by U-Pb dating of single plex structures, the depth:diameter shocked zircons from distal ejecta: Earth and Plan- etary Science Letters, v. 119, p. 425–429. ratio is shallower, but the absolute Figure 5. Log-log plot depths are often greater. The uplift of of the cumulative num- Kyte, F. T., Zhou, Z., and Wasson, J. T., 1988, New evidence on the size and possible effects of a late originally deeper rocks in the center of ber of Phanerozoic- Pliocene oceanic asteroid impact: Science, v. 241, complex structures provides an addi- aged impact structures p. 63–65. tional geologic manifestation of the above a particular diameter, binned by Lyons, J. B., Officer, C. B., Borella, P .E., and event. The amount of stratigraphic Lahodynsky, R., 1993, Planar lamellar substruc- increments of √2. Note uplift undergone by the deepest tures in quartz: Earth and Planetary Science the power-law distribu- Letters, v. 119, p. 434–440. lithologies exposed in the central struc- tion down to diameters Melosh, H. J., 1989, Impact cratering: A geologic tures of complex impact structures is of ~20 km, below process: New York, Oxford University Press, 245 p. about one-tenth the final rim diameter. which the size-fre- Thus, even when the topography and quency distribution Nazarov, M. A., Badjukov, D. D., Barsukova, L. D., interior impact lithology at a complex falls off, indicating a and Alekseev, A. S., 1991, Reconstruction of the original morphology of the Kara impact structure impact structure have been completely deficit of smaller and its relevance to the K/T boundary event [abs.]: removed by erosion, it will still be rec- impact structures. Lunar and Planetary Science XXII, p. 959–960. ognizable as a roughly circular geologic Pike, R. J., 1985, Some morphologic systematics anomaly. The shape of the cumulative of complex impact structures: Meteoritics, v. 20, size-frequency distribution in Figure 5 ± 2.7 × 10 –15 km2/yr for diameters studies of the character of terrestrial p. 49–68. appears to be an inherent property of ≥20 km and impact structures dated at impact structures, we would appreciate Pilkington, M., and Grieve, R. A. F., 1992, The the terrestrial record. It has persisted as ≤120 Ma. This rate estimate is compara- hearing of any errors or omissions in geophysical signature of terrestrial impact craters: more impact structures have been ble to the earlier estimate of Shoemaker Table 1. To report such errors or to Reviews of Geophysics, v. 30, p. 161–181. added to the known sample over the (1977) and is very similar to an estimate receive information on the various Pilkington, M., Hildebrand, A. R., and Ortiz- years. based on astronomical observations of details of particular terrestrial impact Aleman, C., 1994, Gravity and magnetic field modeling and structure of the Chicxulub Crater, Earth-crossing asteroids and comets of structures currently in our databases, Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, CRATERING RATE 4.9 ± 2.9 × 10 –15 km2/yr (Shoemaker et please contact, by E-mail, p. 13,147–13,162. al., 1990). The uncertainties attached to [email protected]. The most complete record of Rice, A., 1987, Shocked minerals at the K/T all these estimates are large, ± 50%, impact cratering is that of relatively boundary: Explosive volcanism as a source: reflecting concerns about completeness ADDENDUM Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, large, geologically young impact struc- of search and small number of statistics. v. 48, p. 167–174. tures in cratonic areas, such as North Since the original writing of this Sharpton, V. L., and Nielsen, D. C., 1988, Is the America and northern Europe–western CONCLUSIONS article, shock metamorphic effects Bee Bluff structure in S. Texas an impact crater? Russia, that have been studied inten- have been observed at two additional [abs.]: Lunar and Planetary Science XIX, sively. Therefore, rate estimates are Largely because of the K-T debate, structures. They are Goyder, Northern p. 1065–1066. based on a relatively small number of there have been attempts to discredit Territory, Australia, 13°29’S, 135°03’E, Sharpton, V. L., and Ward, P. D., editors, 1990, impact structures. Earlier estimates the presence of shock metamorphic >136 Ma, 3 km; and Mjølnir, Barents Global catastrophes in Earth history: Geological Society of America Special Paper 247, 631 p. of the terrestrial cratering rate can be effects, particularly in quartz, as a reli- Sea, 73°48’N, 29°40’E, ~135 Ma, 39 km. found in Shoemaker (1977) and Grieve able diagnostic criterion for the occur- Sharpton, V. L., and nine others, 1993, Chicxulub multiring impact basin: Size and other characteris- and Dence (1979). On reexamination, rence of a terrestrial impact event (e.g., ACKNOWLEDGMENTS tics derived from gravity analysis: Science, v. 261, Grieve (1984) concluded that the origi- Rice, 1987; Carter et al., 1990; Lyons We thank M. Pilkington and p. 1564–1567. nal sample of 15 impact structures used et al., 1993). These have been partially B. Sharpton for commenting upon Shoemaker, E. M., 1977, Astronomically observ- by Grieve and Dence (1979) may have out of context and have attributed the an earlier version of the manuscript. able crater-forming projectiles, in Roddy, D. J., been affected by erosion and was term “shock” to features that are not et. al., eds., Impact and explosion cratering: Geological Survey of Canada contribu- incomplete. From a reanalysis of the considered diagnostic of shock meta- New York, Pergamon Press, p. 617–628. tion 15395. original data, the estimate of the crater- morphism. This has led to some confu- Shoemaker, E. M., Wolfe, R. F., and Shoemaker, ing rate was revised upward to 5.5 sion in nonexperts. Shock metamorphic C. S., 1990, Asteroid and comet flux in the neigh- REFERENCES CITED borhood of Earth, in Sharpton, V. L., and Ward, effects are well defined and diagnostic P. D., eds., Global catastrophes in Earth history: of impact (see retrospective by French, Carter, N. L., Officer, C. B., and Drake, C. L., 1990, Geological Society of America Special Paper 247, Dynamic deformation of quartz and feldspar: p. 155–170. 1990). In the terrestrial environment, Clues to causes of some natural crises: Tectono- the shock metamorphism of quartz has physics, v. 171, p. 373–391. Silver, L. T., and Schultz, P. H., editors, 1982, Geo- been particularly useful, because of its logical implications of large impacts of asteroids Cordier, P., Vrána, S., and Doukhan, J. C., 1994, ubiquitous nature and the relatively and comets on the Earth: Geological Society of Shock metamorphism in quartz at Sevetin and America Special Paper 190, 528 p. wide range of shock pressures over Susice (Bohemia)?: A TEM investigation: Meteorit- which diagnostic shock effects are pro- ics, v. 29, p. 98–99. Stöffler, D., and Langenhorst, F., 1994, Shock metamorphism of quartz in nature and experi- duced. These were extensively reviewed Deutsch, A., and Schärer, U., 1994, Dating terres- ment: 1. Basic observation and theory: Meteorit- in Stöffler and Langenhorst (1994). trial impact events: Meteoritics, v. 29, p. 301–322. ics, v. 29, p. 155–181. The number and the level of detail French, B. M., 1990, 25 years of the impact-vol- Stöffler, D., Deutsch, A., Avermann, M., Bischoff, of studies of individual terrestrial canic controversy: Is there anything new under L., Brockmeyer, P., Buhl, D., Lakomy, R., and the sun or inside the Earth?: Eos (Transactions, Müller-Mohr, V., 1994, The formation of the Sud- impact structures vary greatly. In com- American Geophysical Union), v. 71, p. 411–414. piling the data for Table 1, we were, bury Structure, Canada: Toward a unified impact model, in Dressler, B. O., et al., eds., Large mete- therefore, conservative, on the basis of French, B. M., and Short, N. M., editors, 1968, Shock metamorphism of natural materials: Balti- orite impacts and planetary evolution: Geological the assumption that it is easier to add a more, Mono Book Corp., 644 p. Society of America Special Paper 293, p. 303–318. new structure than to remove an old Gehrels, T., editor, 1994, Hazards due to comets Stothers, R. B., and Rampino, M. R., 1990, structure from a listing because new and asteroids: Tucson, University of Arizona Press, Periodicity in flood basalts, mass extinctions data indicate that the identification of 1300 p. and impacts; A statistical view and a model, in Sharpton, V. L., and Ward, P. D., eds., Global shock metamorphism was in error. Grahn, Y., and Nolvak, J., 1993, Chitinozoan castastrophes in Earth history: Geological Society There is always some risk in compiling dating of Ordovician impact events in Sweden of America Special Paper 247, p. 9–18. such lists as Table 1, particularly with and Estonia. A preliminary note: Geologiska Föreningens Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 115, Therriault, A. M., Reid, A. M., and Reimold, W. U., respect to their subsequent use. We p. 263–264. 1993, Origin of the Vredefort structure, South have, however, specifically focused Africa: Impact model [abs.]: Lunar and Planetary here on the inherent biases in the ter- Grieve, R. A. F., 1984, The impact cratering rate Science XXIV, p. 1421–1422. in recent time, in Proceedings, Lunar and Planetary restrial impact record that are largely Science Conference, 14th: Journal of Geophysical Vrána, S., 1987, The Sevetin astrobleme, southern the result of terrestrial geologic activity. Research, v. 89, supplement, p. B403–B408. Bohemia, Czechoslovakia: Geologische Rund- schau, v. 76, p. 505–528. Although we have tried to be as accu- Grieve, R. A. F., and Dence, M. R., 1979, The ter- rate as possible with the information in restrial cratering record. II. The crater production Manuscript received March 10, 1995; revision received June 20, 1995; accepted June 22, 1995 ■ Table 1, the compilation of data rate: Icarus, v. 38, p. 230–242. involves a wide range of sources, and it is almost inevitable that there will be Each month, GSA Today features a short science article on fast-breaking items or current topics of general inter- some errors. Because the data compila- est to the 15,000 members of GSA. What do you think of these articles? Do you have an idea for an article that tion forms the basis of more detailed you would like to see published in GSA Today? If so, please contact Eldridge Moores, Science Editor, GSA Today, (916) 752-0352, fax 916-752-0951.

196 GSA TODAY, October 1995 The Gretchen L. Blechschmidt graduate research in volcanology and GSA Grants Support Research Award supports research by women petrology in the western United States June R. Forstrom, Research Grants Administrator interested in achieving a Ph.D. in the and Alaska. geological sciences and a career in aca- The Bruce L. “Biff” Reed Award is demic research, especially in the fields for graduate students pursuing studies of biostratigraphy and/or paleoceanog- in the tectonic and magmatic evolu- raphy, and who have an interest in tion of Alaska and its mineral deposits. Grants for Graduate 80301-9140. Evaluations from two sequence stratigraphy analysis, particu- The Harold T. Stearns Fellowship Students faculty members are required on GSA larly in conjunction with research into Award is awarded annually in support The purpose of the general re- appraisal forms. The deadline is Febru- deep-sea sedimentology. of research on one or more aspects of search grants program is to provide par- ary 15 each year for grants awarded The aim of the John T. Dillon the geology of Pacific islands and of the tial support of master’s and doctoral in April. In 1995, 579 proposals were Alaska Research Award is to support circum-Pacific region. thesis research for graduate students at received; 218 of them were funded. research that addresses earth science universities in the United States, Can- A total of $319,512 was awarded. problems particular to Alaska, espe- Division Grants ada, Mexico, and Central America. GSA cially field-based studies dealing with Seven of the 12 GSA divisions strongly encourages women, minori- Specialized Grants the structural and tectonic develop- award grants for outstanding student ties, and persons with disabilities Recipients of special named awards ment, and those that include some research within the respective division’s to participate fully in this grants pro- are selected by the Committee on aspect of geochronology (either paleon- field of interest. The Committee on gram. Applicants need not be members Research Grants from applicants to the tologic or radiometric) to provide new Research Grants will select candidates of GSA. This program is supported in general research grants program; the age control for significant rock units in from the general research grant appli- part by the Geological Society of Amer- same application forms are used, and Alaska. cants for awards by the Engineering ica Foundation and the National Sci- they must also be postmarked by The Robert K. Fahnestock Memo- Geology, Geophysics (Allan V. Cox ence Foundation. February 15. It is not necessary for rial Award is made annually to the ap- Award), Hydrogeology, Sedimentary Applications must be on current applicants to indicate that they wish to plicant with the best application in the Geology, and Structural Geology and GSA forms available in geology depart- be considered for a specialized grant. field of sediment transport or related Tectonics Divisions. ments in the United States and Canada, The committee considers all qualified aspects of fluvial geomorphology. The Coal Geology Division awards or from the Research Grants Adminis- applicants when selecting recipients for The Lipman Research Award was the A. L. Medlin Scholarship Award trator, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO special awards. established to promote and support and a Field Research Award to students who submit the best proposals of research projects in the field of coal geology. Guidelines are available from the Division secretary, Cortland F. Eble, Kentucky Geological Survey, 228 Min- ing and Minerals Resources Bldg., Uni- versity of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0107. The Planetary Geology Division offers two Student Paper Awards in the field of planetary geology each year. For details contact the Section secretary: Cassandra R. Coombs, Department of Geology, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424- 0001. The Quaternary Geology and Geo- morphology Division established its J. Hoover Mackin and Arthur D. Howard Research Grants to support graduate student research on Quaternary geol- ogy or geomorphology. Applications for these grants are available from the secretary of the division, J. Steven Kite, Department of Geology and Geogra- phy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, WV 26506-6300. The deadline for applications is Febru- ary 15, 1996, for grants awarded in April. Five GSA divisions—Archaeological Geology, Geoscience Education, His- tory of Geology, International, and Planetary Geology—do not currently award grants for student research.

Section Grants for Undergraduate and Graduate Students Recipients for graduate research grants from the South-Central Section are selected from applicants to the GSA general research grants program who are recommended by the Committee on Research Grants to the Management Board of the South-Central Section for final selection. Eligibility is restricted to graduate students attending a college or university within the geographic area of the South-Central Section. The South-Central Section also awards grants to undergraduate stu- dents; applications for these awards are available from the Section secretary, Rena M. Bonem, Department of Geol- ogy, Baylor University, P.O. Box 97354, Waco, TX 76798-7354. The deadline for undergraduate applications is October 15, for grants awarded in late Decem- ber. The North-Central Section awards grants to undergraduate students within the geographic boundary of the Section. For further information con- tact the Section secretary, George R.

Research continued on p. 199

GSA TODAY, October 1995 197 GSA Division and Section Grants Awarded in 1995

June Forstrom, GSA Grants Administrator

DIVISION RESEARCH GRANTS PLANETARY GEOLOGY DIVISION “Late Quaternary Ice-Sheet Dynamics in The Planetary Geology Division Frobisher Bay, Eastern Canadian Arctic: Seven of the 12 GSA divisions offer grants for outstanding student research presents the Stephen E. Dwornik Best A Paleoclimatic Signal?”, and Joseph M. within the fields of the respective divisions. Recipients of these grants for 1995 are Student Paper Awards annually to stu- Licciardi, Oregon State University, for listed below. Two divisions offer other student awards. The Archaeological Geology dents who are pursuing advanced “Chronology of High-Frequency Division awards a $500 student travel grant for attendance to present a paper at the degrees in Planetary Sciences. The (103 yr) Late-Pleistocene Climate GSA Annual Meeting, and the Planetary Geology Division gives two best paper awards are presented each year for Change, Western North America.” awards for presentations at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. papers given in March at the Lunar The three divisions that do not currently offer any awards to students are Geo- and Planetary Science Conference. SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY DIVISION science Education, History of Geology, and International. Recipients of the 1995 awards are Laura The Sedimentary Geology Division Griffith of Washington University, St. presented its 1995 award for an out- for his project “Cadmium Contamina- Louis, for the best oral presentation, standing student research proposal to ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY tion of Typical Illinois Landfills and a for her paper “Calculating the Effects Linda Elisabeth Sohl, Ph.D. candidate DIVISION Low-Cost Composite Liner for Reducing of Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars,” at Columbia University, for her project The Archaeological Geology Divi- Leachate Toxicity.” and Erich Fischer of Brown University “The ‘Snowball’ Earth Revisited: A Paleo- sion presented a student travel grant in for the best poster presentation for “A magnetic Test for Equatorial Glaciation the amount of $500 for attendance at GEOPHYSICS DIVISION Model for Lunar Soil Optical Alteration in the Neoproterozoic of Australia.” the GSA Annual Meeting in New The Geophysics Division presented Due to Space Weathering.” Recipients Orleans. Andrew H. Ivester of the the Allan V. Cox Student Research of the awards are presented with a STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND University of Georgia received the Award this year for an outstanding citation and a $500 cash prize in an TECTONICS DIVISION award for his paper, “Late Quaternary student research proposal submitted awards ceremony held at NASA Head- The Structural Geology and Paleoenvironmental Record from Sedi- to the GSA Research Grants Program to quarters in Washington, D.C., early in Tectonics Division presented its 10th ments at White Paintings Rock Shelter, Daniel Kikkert, a master’s candidate at the summer. annual awards for outstanding student Tsodilo Hills, Botswana,” to be pre- the University of Utah, for his project research this year to Kurt N. Conste- sented in the Archaeological Geology titled “Imaging and Attenuation of the QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND nius, University of Arizona, for his Theme Session. Western U.S. Cordillera Using Com- GEOMORPHOLOGY DIVISION project “Structure and Timing of the bined Waveform Data from Western The Quaternary Geology and Geo- Deer Creek Detachment Fault System, COAL GEOLOGY DIVISION U.S. Seismic Networks.” morphology Division awarded grants to Wasatch Mountains, Utah,” and The Coal Geology Division pre- three students in 1995. The Arthur D. Timothy Paulsen, University of Illinois sented the annual Antoinette Lierman HYDROGEOLOGY DIVISION Howard Research Grant was awarded at Urbana-Champaign, for “The Struc- Medlin Scholarship Award to Penny Awards for outstanding student to Adam Light, University of Colorado, tural Geometry, Kinematics, Strain, and Alano of University of Kentucky, for research from the Hydrogeology Divi- for “Amino Acid Paleothermometry: Tectonic Significance of the Mount her proposal, “Sulfur Distribution and sion were presented this year to four A North/South Transect of the Lake Raymond Thrust: A Major Transverse Association in the Lower Block and students: Sonia Anita Nagorski, Univer- Bonneville Basin, Utah, Since the Last Zone at the Southern Margin of the Buffaloville Coals of the Brazil Forma- sity of Montana, for “Metals Partition- Glacial Maximum.” The J. Hoover Wyoming Salient, Sevier Orogenic tion in Daviess County, Indiana: Impli- ing and Geochemical Controls at the Mackin Grants went to Michael R. Belt, Utah.” Both recipients are Ph.D. cations for the Depositional Environ- Surface Water and Hyporheic Zone Kaplan, University of Colorado, for candidates. ■ ment.” The division presented the Interface of a Stream with an Adjacent Medlin Field Research Award to Highly Contaminated Floodplain”; Ali- Michael Frank of University of Regina, son Borden Schwab, University of for his proposal “The Organic Petrology Maryland, College Park, for “The Use of of the Willow Bunch and Estevan Lig- Lithium Isotopes as a Hydrologic Tracer SECTION RESEARCH GRANTS nite, Ravenscrag Formation, Southern in a First-Order Stream”; Mary Ellen Saskatchewan.” The division considers Tuccillo, University of Virginia, for NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION SOUTHEASTERN SECTION proposals from any full-time graduate “Iron and Manganese Dynamics in Sur- The North-Central Section of GSA GSA’s Southeastern Section student who is conducting research in ficial Aquifer Sediments and Ground- awarded grants for undergraduate awarded research grants to two under- coal geology. water”; and Norman G. Van research projects to students who graduate students and 11 graduate stu- Broekhoven, University of Texas, attend a college or university within dents this year. Undergraduate students ENGINEERING GEOLOGY DIVISION Austin, for “The Rates, Sources and the North-Central Section geographic who received grants are Heather Clark, The student research grant awarded Mechanisms of Groundwater Recharge area. Research proposals are submitted Appalachian State University, and Kim by the Engineering Geology Division in Lobo Flat and Ryan Flat in Trans- and evaluated competitively. Recipients McIntosh, Georgia Southern Univer- for an outstanding research proposal Pecos, Texas.” are: Mikael S. Brown, Iowa State Uni- sity. The following graduate students was presented to David Spencer Gra- versity; Cynthia Marie Gray, Kent State were awarded research grants: Thomas ham of Northeastern Illinois University University; Steven Holdaway, Illinois Harris Barry, Auburn University; Mar- State University; Nicholas D. Loomis, garet C. Brewer, University of Ken- University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire; tucky; Mark Colberg, University of James J. Luepke, University of Missouri; Georgia; Joshua W. Holloman, Auburn Todd A. Myse, University of Wiscon- University; Andrew Mehlop, University sin—Eau Claire; Candace K. Schwantes, of North Carolina—Chapel Hill; University of Wisconsin—River Falls; Haydee Gleason Phelps, North Carolina and Jennifer Tobias, University of State University—Raleigh; Malcolm Wisconsin—Eau Claire. Todd Sadler, Auburn University; Eric Sager, East Carolina University; Matt SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION Schirmer, University of Georgia; The South-Central Section of GSA Tisha C. Springer, University of West presented its annual research awards to Virginia; and David Taylor, University three qualified graduate students in the of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. section in 1995. Recipients are students who attend a college or university in NORTHEASTERN SECTION the South-Central Section geographic The Northeastern Section initiated area and have submitted applications a student grants program this year that to the GSA Research Grants Program. includes awards to both undergraduate The awards presented this year went to and graduate students. This year all of Brent A. Couzens, Texas A&M Univer- the grants were awarded to undergrad- sity, Ian C. Jones, University of Texas— uate students. The 1995 recipients are Austin, and Jonathan K. Linn, Univer- Joseph J. Bouchard, University of Con- sity of Kansas—Lawrence. necticut; K. Aubrey Hottell, Millersville The South-Central Section also University; Michael O’Neill, Acadia awarded grants to two undergraduate University; and Jeanette Ostergaard, students (in fall 1994): Shelley Rae Kean College. ■ Van Dusen of the University of Texas— El Paso, and Alexander Walter of Kansas State University.

The Cordilleran and Rocky Mountain Sections do not offer grants for student research.

198 GSA TODAY, October 1995 CALL FOR PAPERS Research continued from p. 197 BOOK REVIEW Hallberg, University of Iowa Hygienic Planetary Geoscience Laboratory, 102 Oakdale Campus, Student Paper Award Cracking Rocks and Defending H101 OH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5002. Democracy: Kirtley Fletcher The Southeastern Section awards Mather, Scientist, Teacher, Social grants for both undergraduate and The Award Activist, 1888–1978. By Kennard graduate GSA student members who Planetary geologist Stephen E. Dwornik established the award in 1991 to Baker Bork. Pacific Division of AAAS, San are enrolled in institutions within the provide encouragement, motivation, and recognition to outstanding future Francisco, 1994 (available from California geographical boundaries of the Sec- scientists. Two awards are given annually, each winner receiving a citation Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, tion. The grants are competitive. and $500. The program is administered through the Planetary Geology Divi- San Francisco, CA 94118, for $35.20, Application forms can be obtained sion of the Geological Society of America. The GSA Foundation manages the including shipping). from the Section secretary, Harold H. award fund. Arrangements for travel by the recipients to the awards cere- Stowell, Department of Geology, mony at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C., are handled by the Plane- his 340-page biography effectively Box 870338, University of Alabama, tary Geology and Geophysics Program, NASA. T chronicles the life and times of an Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338. The dead- Criteria exceptionally wise and energetic man, line for 1996 applications is Febru- who pursued a remarkably broad Students who are U.S. citizens and are enrolled in a college or university ary 15, 1996. The grants will be array of interests and causes with at any level of their education in the field of planetary geosciences may sub- awarded in April. burning zeal. In Kirtley Fletcher mit abstracts for the Student Paper Award. Student applicants must be the The Northeastern Section offers Mather’s 90-year life span, he was senior author of the abstract, and the paper may be presented orally or in a research grants for undergraduate and deeply involved in many of the poster session. Papers will be judged on the quality of the scientific contribu- graduate students who are enrolled at momentous changes that occurred tion, including methods and results; clarity of material presented; and meth- institutions within the Section and are between 1888 and 1978. ods of delivery, oral or display. Two awards are given: one for the best oral student members or associates of GSA. As an earth scientist with a Ph.D. presentation, the other for the best poster presentation. Contact the Section secretary, Kenneth from the University of Chicago, Mather N. Weaver, Maryland Geological Sur- To Apply served as a geology professor at the vey, 2300 St. Paul St., Baltimore, MD The application form and instructions may be found in the Call for University of Arkansas, Queens Univer- 21218, for application forms. Applica- Papers for the 1996 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 18–22, sity in Ontario, Denison University, tions must be postmarked no later than to be held in Houston, Texas. For further information contact Program and for 30 years at Harvard University. February 7 for grants to be awarded Services Division, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, He was a key leader in the American in April. Houston, TX 77058-1113, phone (713) 486-2166, fax 713-486-2160, E-mail: Association for the Advancement of The remaining two sections— [email protected].nasa.gov. Only one abstract per student will be considered. Science and in the American Academy Rocky Mountain and Cordilleran—do Deadline: January 10, 1996. of Arts and Sciences, and was not currently offer research grants. ■ renowned for his lively lectures and hundreds of publications. At the same time he was an effective and articulate practicing Christian and a leading spokesman for peace and social justice throughout the world. The life, career, and characteriza- tion of this remarkable man have been thoroughly recorded by Kennard Baker Bork, professor of geology and geogra- phy at Denison University. The 18 chapters of Bork’s book are divided more or less equally into detailed accounts of the various phases of Mather’s life and the principal scien- tific, philosophical, and social issues that he addressed in the course of his long career. One of the highlights of the book is the description of his key role as a pro-evolution witness in the famed Scopes Trial in 1925 on the issue of Darwinian evolution. As a geologist, Mather was a generalist. His early con- centration on petroleum exploration expanded into various aspects of geo- morphology and glaciology in the later parts of his geologic career. As a man of religion, Mather could most aptly be characterized as a “practical Christian,” emphasizing the application of the Golden Rule and the manifestation of Christian love in everyday living. Per- haps his greatest hallmark was his emphasis on the close and positive relationship between religious faith and science. As an educator, Kirtley Mather was a keen advocate of the lib- eral arts approach to higher education and lifelong learning. Finally, as a social and political activist, Mather had, as Bork puts it, “a one-world per- spective, combined with a deep belief in American democratic principles.” It seems to me that the unique life and career of Kirtley Fletcher Mather have much of importance to say to contemporary earth scientists as we approach the 21st century. As we indeed seem destined to become one world in the many senses of that term, our civilization stands in need of wise and comprehensive generalists like Kirtley Mather. Kennard Bork has done us a great favor by acquainting us so thoroughly with Mather as an out- standing model for us all. Donald L. Everhart Grand Junction, CO 81509-3906

(see p. 200 and 201 for notes on Mather.)

GSA TODAY, October 1995 199 Washburn Photographs Illuminate Geologic Features

In the summer of 1933 a young Harvard student, inspired by Tarr and Martins’s Alaskan Glacier Studies, made a flight over the Malaspina Glacier at the foot of Mount St. Elias in southeastern Alaska and reported extraordinary evidence of both plastic flow and thrust faulting in this huge piedmont glacier. His geology professor, Kirtley F. Mather, urged him to ask the Geological Society of America for a grant of sufficient size to meet the cost of a thorough photographic study of both the Malaspina Glacier and the South Crillon Glacier, near which a Harvard-Dartmouth expedition was to have its base camp the following year. The committee for the newly established Penrose fund responded with two grants in 1934, totaling $1310, and another, for $500, in 1946. These grants in essence launched the careers of Bradford Washburn and Richard Goldthwait, and the photographs on these pages are among the best that Washburn has taken in the past 60 years. He went on to found Boston’s Museum of Science and to map Mount McKinley, the Grand Canyon, and Mount Everest. The late Richard Goldthwait, based at Ohio State University, became one of this century’s most distinguished specialists in glacial geology. Sales of prints of these and Washburn’s other pictures (Bradford Washburn, Museum of Science, Science Park, Boston, MA 02114-1099) help to finance his ongoing photographic work. He is now 85 years old.

Brad Washburn in a Fairchild 71 monoplane ready for a 1937 take- off in Valdez, Alaska, with his 50-lb Fairchild K-6 aerial camera.

Sastrugi near Silverthrone Pass, Alaska Range (March 1945).

The dramatic north face of Mount Huntington (12,240 ft), Alaska (April 11, 1978).

The Bright Angel Fault and trail, Grand Canyon, Arizona (August 1973).

The great Denali fault, looking east- ward from just east of Anderson Pass (September 18, 1938).

The motionless, dying snout of the Chitina Glacier in Alaska’s St. Elias Mineral Spring, 8 miles northeast of Copper Center, Alaska Range, seen vertically from an altitude of 15,000 ft (August 6, 1938). (August 14, 1947), seen vertically from 10,000 ft.

200 GSA TODAY, October 1995 “After the Storm”— Snow formations on the East Ridge of the Dold- enhorn (11,950 ft), Bernese Overland, Switzerland (July 24, 1960).

Marblecake Moraines, Malaspina Glacier, Alaska (July 19, 1966).

The Russell icefall and Yentna Glacier, Alaska Range, (October 4, 1964).

Dredge Tailings, Goldstream Creek, Fox, Alaska (September 27, 1938).

Editor’s Note Reading Brad Washburn’s 1935 article (GSA Bulletin, v. 46, p. 1879–1890) on his photographic studies of southern Alaska is a real education, both in terms of the contrasts in the Bulletin then and now and in terms of what Washburn and Goldthwait discovered. Keep in mind that this was the very first aerial geologi- cal reconnaissance of the southern Alaskan glaciers. Washburn (1935) stated, “It is hard to overestimate the value of the airplane in Alaskan glacial work. In four peaceful hours on this August afternoon, we not only succeeded in relocating and taking photographs of every important glacier along 150 miles of rough Alaskan coast, but were also able to make an aerial reconnaissance of the whole southern third of the Malaspina and its tributary valleys—an area which would Logan Glacier, Mount Logan (19,500 ft) and King Peak (16,970 ft) (August 6, 1938). have required many months to cover on foot. When we returned to our base camp … that evening, we were certain that we had discovered in the surface of the flow of glacier ice, an understanding that formed a basis for much future insight Malaspina a magnificent new demonstration of the qualities of glacial ice…. As a into flow of ice, metamorphic rocks, and, for that matter, the asthenosphere. medium for the study of moraines such a composite glacier is ideal. The remark- A related piece, on p. 196, is a review of a recent biography of Kirtley Mather, able convolutions developed in the numerous medial moraines are significant indi- Washburn’s professor at Harvard. One of Mather’s lasting contributions to the sci- cations of the flow of ice.” The subheadings of Washburn’s article reveal what they ence was a compendium of four centuries of writing about geology, from Leonardo found: “Contorted Medial Moraines,” and “Shearing in Medial Moraines,” and da Vinci to C. R. Van Hise. (K. F. Mather and S. L. Mason, A Source Book in Geology, “Thrust-Faulting in Glacial Ice.” In financing Washburn’s study, the Penrose fund New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939). Mather inspired Brad Washburn and many other supported a major breakthrough in the understanding of the large-scale patterns of geology students during his long teaching career. —Eldridge Moores

GSA TODAY, October 1995 201 GSAF UPDATE Robert L. Fuchs

Additional Industry Grants for SAGE Pardee Coterie for Planned Givers [co-te-rie… a group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose] Two recent Second Century Fund Burlington Resources/Meridian Oil grants, from Amoco Foundation Inc. Foundation and Project Earth VIEW The GSA Foundation has formed The inaugural gathering of the and Burlington Resources/Meridian Oil A recent survey of SAGE Partners the Pardee Coterie to recognize those Pardee Coterie will take place in New Foundation have been designated to indicated a need for classroom teaching who have made planned gifts that will Orleans on Wednesday, November 8, at support specific SAGE projects. aids, particularly low-cost slide sets. support GSA and its programs. Mem- 9 a.m. The location is Brennan’s restau- Coincidentally, GSA has received slide bers of the Pardee Coterie and spouses rant at 417 Royal Street. The speaker Amoco Funds MAP Planning collections donated by two members, will meet once each year, generally at and discussion leader is Dan Sarewitz, Conference Richard H. Durrell and Albert J. Copley, the annual meeting, for a meal and a Institute for Environmental Education The percentage of Hispanic, numbering more than 7000 slides. talk or discussion on a topic of current Program Manager and former GSA African-American, and Native Ameri- These collections provide a broad visual interest to scientists and supporters of Congressional Science Fellow. can students who choose to take elec- asset base from which slide sets can be geology. The group is distinctly infor- Those who have made planned tive courses in science and mathemat- arranged to depict geologic features, mal—no bylaws, no officers, no com- gifts to the Society or the Foundation ics is shrinking, and fewer minority land forms, and processes. mittees. such as the Pooled Income Fund, chari- students are pursuing majors in science Project Earth VIEW will make slide The Joseph T. Pardee Memorial table remainder trusts or gift annuities, and mathematics. This is occurring in sets on a variety of earth science topics Fund originated through what is per- or bequests have automatically been spite of studies that show a better job available at minimal handling cost to haps a classic example of planned giv- included in the Pardee Coterie roster of must be done in attracting, training, K–16 educators, scientists, and engi- ing—an estate bequest, a trust, and two members. Others who have included and supporting minority students in neers. Each set will include brief descrip- charitable remainder unitrusts, transit- GSA in their wills or are contemplating order to maintain an economically tions of the slides and suggestions for ing several lives. The resulting gift was planned gifts are asked to notify the competitive high-technology work activity extensions connected to the the second largest ever received by Foundation by calling or by mailing force. The earth sciences are no excep- emerging National Science Education GSA, exceeded only by the R. A. F. Pen- the accompanying coupon. Member- tion to these disappointing trends. Standards and the National Geography rose, Jr. bequest in 1931. ship in the Pardee Coterie will follow GSA is developing a conference Standards. The slide sets can be cus- promptly. ■ series that will address both scientific tomized to fit individualeducators’ literacy and career issues for minority needs, and will support science educa- students in the earth sciences. A recent tion partnerships and earth science GSA Employees Participate in planning grant from Amoco Founda- investigations at all grade levels. A grant tion Inc. will be used to bring together from the Burlington Resources/Meridian Second Century Fund approximately 20–25 key stakeholders Oil Foundation will allow the SAGE staff Employees at GSA headquarters ment. “There is a very strong esprit from the earth science, science educa- to begin organizing, producing, and dis- will be joining GSA members in sup- de corps among GSA’s staff members, tion, and minority communities; this seminating initial slide sets and develop- port of the Second Century Fund. Terry which makes my job that much easier,” group will comprise teachers, scientists, ing the CD-ROM slide catalogue. Moreland, Membership Services Man- Moreland said. “Besides, the depart- students, and administrators. Sched- The Burlington Resources/Meridian ager and chair of the Second Century ment heads have promised to prepare a uled for a two and one-half day period Oil Foundation is the major channel of Fund employee campaign, has set a ‘culinary treat’ for all when the goal is in December 1995, the agenda calls for philanthropy for Burlington Resources goal of 100% participation by the reached and, since this particular army participants to discuss and refine the Inc. and Meridian Oil Inc. Burlington Boulder staff, noting that 10% of the marches on its stomach, I feel the goal Minority Access and Participation Resources Inc. is a New York Stock employees have already made pledges is already in sight!” ■ (MAP) conference series goals, plan the Exchange–listed company which was well before any fund drive announce- conference series format, and develop a spun off a few years ago from the strategic plan. Burlington Northern Railroad when that Amoco Corporation is the 13th company divested itself of various largest industrial corporation in the resource businesses that it owned. A prin- CALL FOR NOMINATIONS United States, one of the largest pub- cipal, wholly owned subsidiary is Merid- licly traded producers of crude oil and ian Oil, which is one of the largest inde- natural gas in the world, and the pendent oil and gas exploration and 1996 John C. Frye largest owner and producer of natural production companies in the United gas reserves in the United States and States. Headquartered in Houston, Merid- Environmental Geology Award Canada. The Company has exploration ian Oil is the fifth largest holder of natu- and production contracts in about 25 ral gas reserves in the United States, has countries, and employs 43,000 persons production in all major gas-and oil-pro- In cooperation with the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), worldwide. In addition to the produc- ducing states, and employs more than GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on environmental geology pub- tion, refining, and sale of oil and gas, 1800 people. The company is a leader in lished either by GSA or by one of the state geological surveys. The award is a Amoco is a leading producer of many developing new gas and oil production $1000 cash prize from the endowment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. kinds of specialty chemicals. Founded technologies, notably in the exploitation Frye Memorial Fund. in 1889, Amoco is one year younger of coal-bed methane in the San Juan The 1996 award will be presented at the autumn AASG meeting to be held than GSA. Basin and other areas. ■ during the GSA Annual Meeting in Denver.

CRITERIA FOR NOMINATION Donors to the Foundation, July 1995 Nominations can be made by anyone, on the basis of the following criteria: (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological survey publications, Birdsall Fund IEE Unrestricted Ralph C. Heath Robert A. Larson* Richard H. Mahard* (2) paper must be selected from those published during the preceding three full Thomas L. Holzer Jay G. Marks calendar years, (3) nomination must include a paragraph stating the pertinence Research Jeffrey M. Krempasky Esther B. Tuttle K. Aubrey Hottell of the paper, (4) nominations must be sent to Executive Director, GSA, Sherwood G. Tuttle Engineering Geology SAGE P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Deadline: April 1, 1996. Division Women in Science Betsy J. Reese Robert A. Larson* Roger L. Duba Second Century Fund BASIS FOR SELECTION GEOSTAR Amoco Foundation* * Gifts of $150 or more Each nominated paper will be judged on the uniqueness or significance as Lawrence D. Taylor Phil & Bunnie LaMoreaux* (Century Plus Roster) a model of its type of work and report and its overall worthiness for the award. Hydrogeology Division In addition, nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or Robert A. Larson* need, provide substantive information on the basic geology or geologic process pertinent to the problem, relate the geology to the problem or need, suggest GSA Foundation solutions or provide appropriate land use recommendations based on the geol- 3300 Penrose Place , P.O. Box 9140 ogy, present the information in a manner that is understandable and directly Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020 usable by geologists, and address the environmental need or resolve the prob- lem. It is preferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed laypersons (e.g., planners, engineers). Enclosed is my contribution in the PLEASE PRINT amount of $______for Foundation Unrestricted 1995 AWARD RECIPIENT NAMED Name GSA Unrestricted The 1995 award will be presented at the GSA Annual Meeting in ______Fund New Orleans to Mike Lowe, Bill D. Black, Kimm M. Harty, Jeffrey R. Keaton, Address Please add my name to the Century Plus William E. Mulvey, E. Fred Pashley, Jr., and Scott R. Williams for their paper Roster (gifts of $150 or more). “Geologic Hazards of the Ogden Area, Utah.” This article was published in Utah Address A charitable gift annuity might be a Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 92-3, Field Guide to Geological good idea for me. I’m doing some Excursions in Utah and Adjacent Areas of Nevada, Idaho, and Wyoming. The report retirement planning and would like a City/State/ZIP was a thorough environmental treatment of the area’s geologic hazards, with copy of the booklet entitled technical detail, introductory explanations for laypersons, and a vivid road log. The Charitable Gift Annuity. Phone

202 GSA TODAY, October 1995 Call for Nominations for 1996 Penrose and Day Medals and Honorary Fellows

Nominations for GSA’s Penrose the science of geology. The award is Day Medal Honorary Fellows and Day Medals and for Honorary made only at the discretion of the The Day Medal was established in Geologists who have distinguished Fellowships of the Society are due at Council. Nominees are selected by the 1948 by Arthur L. Day to be awarded themselves in geological investigations headquarters by February 1, 1996. Council, may or may not be members annually, or less frequently, at the dis- or in notable service to the Society Members and Fellows of the Society of the Society, and may be from any cretion of the Council, for outstanding may be elected as Honorary Fellows. are encouraged to participate in this nation. Penrose’s sole objective in distinction in contributing to geologic In practice, nearly all candidates are important process by nominating making the gift was to encourage ori- knowledge through the application of non–North Americans who live and candidates for these high honors. ginal work in purely scientific geology. physics and chemistry to the solution work outside of North America. The Scientific achievements should be of geologic problems. Day’s intent was most noteworthy exceptions were Penrose Medal considered rather than contribu- to recognize outstanding achievement astronauts. The Penrose Medal was established tions in teaching, administration, and inspire further effort, rather than Most Honorary Fellows have been in 1927 by R.A.F. Penrose, Jr., to be or service. Mid-career scientists who reward a distinguished career. Scien- elected after many years of outstand- awarded in recognition of eminent have already made exceptional tific achievements should be ing and internationally recognized research in pure geology, for outstand- contributions should be given full considered rather than contribu- contributions to the science. ing original contributions or achieve- consideration for the award. tions in teaching, administra- ments that mark a major advance in tion, and service. Nominations continued on p. 204

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Nomination for Penrose Medal, Day Medal, or Honorary Fellowship (please circle one)

NAME OF CANDIDATE:

ADDRESS: Telephone: ______

REQUIRED INFORMATION (Please attach)

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Suggested sources: American Men and Women of Science Who’s Who in America GSA Service Record (obtainable from headquarters) Other

SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOLOGY Not more than 200 words.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY No more than 20 titles.

LETTERS OF SUPPORT Nominations for any one of these three awards MUST BE SUPPORTED by signed letters from five (5) GSA Fellows or Mem- bers in addition to the person making the nomination. The letters may be attached to this form or may be sent to the Executive Director separately. Supporting letters must discuss the original research and scientific advances of the candi- dates. Please also verify all other supporting data.

Name of person making the nomination: ______

Address: ______

Date: ______Signature: ______

Letters of support will be submitted by: 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______

PENROSE MEDAL, DAY MEDAL, OR HONORARY FELLOWSHIP OR HONORARY MEDAL, DAY MEDAL, PENROSE 5. ______

RETURN TO: Executive Director The Geological Society of America P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 447-2020

DEADLINE: Completed nomination materials must be received by February 1, 1996. To be considered, nomination materials must meet the above criteria. Reprints or articles will not be accepted.

GSA TODAY, October 1995 203 Nominations continued from p. 203 tive Director separately. For Honorary Fellow nominations, please verify About the Honorary Fellow Program How To Nominate degrees received, publications, positions held, etc. The names of unsuccessful On page 203 you will find a form been elected annually. Most Honorary To ensure thorough consideration candidates proposed to the Council by to be used in nominating candidates Fellows have been elected after many by the respective committees, please the respective committees will remain for Honorary Fellowship in the Geolog- years of outstanding and internation- submit for each candidate a brief bio- for consideration by those committees ical Society of America. Each year this ally recognized contributions to the graphical sketch, such as used in Amer- for three years. FOR THOSE STILL honor is bestowed on non–North science. At present there are 61 living ican Men and Women of Science and UNDER CONSIDERATION, IT IS REC- Americans who live and work outside geologists who have received this Who’s Who in America, a summary of OMMENDED THAT AN UPDATED of North America and have distin- honor. the candidate’s scientific contributions LETTER OF RENOMINATION BE SENT guished themselves in geological inves- The Council of the Society encour- to geology that qualify the individual TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. tigations or in notable service to the ages the membership to submit names for the award, and a selected bibliogra- The deadline for receipt of nomi- Society. Under exceptional circum- of qualified candidates for this honor. phy of no more than 20 titles. nations at the office of the Executive stances, North Americans have been In preparing a nomination, it is imper- A nomination for any one of these Director is February 1, 1996. named Honorary Fellows. This amend- ative that the original research and sci- three awards MUST BE SUPPORTED by Please use the form on page 203 ment to the bylaws was made in 1969 entific advances of the candidate be signed letters from each of five (5) GSA for submitting the name of a candidate when the Apollo II astronauts who first stressed. All supporting data, especially Fellows or Members in addition to the for any one of the awards. walked on the moon were elected. degrees received, publications, posi- person making the nomination. The Recipients of the awards to date The program was established by tions, etc., should also be verified by letters may be attached to the nomina- are listed below. ■ the GSA Council in 1909, and since the nominator. Use the form on page tion form or may be sent to the Execu- then, except during a few war years, 203 for nominating a candidate for one or more Honorary Fellows have Honorary Fellowship. ■

GSA Medalists and Honorary Fellows Help Direct GSA’s Future The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr., Medalists a list of GSA members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomination be accompanied by 1927 Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin 1950 Morley Evans Wilson 1973 M. King Hubbert basic data and a description of the qualifications of the individual for the posi- 1928 Jakob Johannes Sederholm 1951 Pentti Eskola 1974 William Maurice Ewing tion recommended (vice president, treasurer, councilor). 1929 No award given 1952 George Gaylord Simpson 1975 Francis J. Pettijohn Nominations for 1997 officers and councilors must be received at 1930 Francois Alfred Antoine Lacroix 1953 Esper S. Larsen, Jr. 1976 Preston Cloud GSA headquarters no later than FEBRUARY 15, 1996. 1931 William Morris Davis 1954 Arthur Francis Buddington 1977 Robert P. Sharp Please send nominations and back-up material to Administrative Depart- 1932 Edward Oscar Ulrich 1955 Maurice Gignoux 1978 Robert M. Garrels 1933 Waldemar Lindgren 1956 Arthur Holmes 1979 J Harlen Bretz ment, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. 1934 Charles Schuchert 1957 Bruno Sander 1980 Hollis D. Hedberg 1935 Reginald Aldworth Daly 1958 James Gilluly 1981 John Rodgers 1936 Arthur Philemon Coleman 1959 Adolf Knopf 1982 Aaron C. Waters CALL FOR NOMINATIONS 1937 No award given 1960 Walter Herman Bucher 1983 G. Arthur Cooper 1938 Andrew Cowper Lawson 1961 Philip Henry Kuenen 1984 Donald E. White 1939 William Berryman Scott 1962 Alfred Sherwood Romer 1985 Rudolf Trümpy 1998 National Awards (Deadline: April 30, 1996) 1940 Nelson Horatio Darton 1963 William Walden Rubey 1986 Laurence L. Sloss 1941 Norman Levi Bowen 1964 Donnel Foster Hewett 1987 Marland P. Billings Nominations for the national awards described below are being solicited for 1942 Charles Kenneth Leith 1965 Philip Burke King 1988 Robert S. Dietz 1998. Each year GSA members have been invited to participate by recommending 1943 No award given 1966 Harry H. Hess 1989 Warren Bell Hamilton possible candidates. 1944 Bailey Willis 1967 Herbert Harold Read 1990 Norman D. Newell Those who wish to make nominations are urged to do so by sending 1945 Felix Andries Vening-Meinesz 1968 J. Tuzo Wilson 1991 William R. Dickinson BACKGROUND INFORMATION and VITAE, and specifying the award for which the 1946 T. Wayland Vaughan 1969 Francis Birch 1992 John Frederick Dewey candidate is being submitted by April 30, 1996, to the GSA External Awards 1947 Arthur Louis Day 1970 Ralph Alger Bagnold 1993 Alfred G. Fischer Committee, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020, fax 303- 1948 Hans Cloos 1971 Marshall Kay 1994 Luna B. Leopold 447-1133. The nomination process is coordinated by AGI on behalf of its member 1949 Wendell P. Woodring 1972 Wilmot H. Bradley 1995 John C. Crowell societies, and a roster of candidates will be finalized by the AGI Member–Society Council at its Spring 1997 meeting for nomination to the respective offices spon- soring the national awards. Arthur L. Day Medalists William T. Pecora Award The Pecora Award, sponsored jointly by NASA and the Department of the Inte- 1948 George W. Morey 1965 Walter H. Munk 1981 Donald L. Turcotte rior, is presented annually in recognition of outstanding contributions of individuals 1949 William Maurice Ewing 1966 Robert M. Garrels 1982 Eugene M. Shoemaker or groups toward the understanding of Earth by means of remote sensing. 1950 Francis Birch 1967 O. Frank Tuttle 1983 Harmon Craig The award recognizes contributions of those in the scientific and technical 1951 Martin J. Buerger 1968 Frederick J. Vine 1984 Wallace S. Broecker community as well as those involved in the practical application of remote sensing. 1952 Sterling Hendricks 1969 Harold C. Urey 1985 Freeman Gilbert Consideration will be given to sustained or single contributions of major impor- 1953 John F. Schairer 1970 Gerald J. Wasserburg 1986 E-an Zen tance to the art or science of the understanding of Earth through observations 1954 Marion King Hubbert 1971 Hans P. Eugster 1987 Don L. Anderson made from space. 1955 Earl Ingerson 1972 Frank Press 1988 Claude J. Allègre 1956 Alfred O. C. Nier 1973 David T. Griggs 1989 Dan McKenzie National Medal of Science 1957 Hugo Benioff 1974 A. E. Ringwood 1990 William S. Fyfe The medal is awarded by the President to individuals “deserving of special 1958 John Verhoogen 1975 Allan Cox 1991 Ian Carmichael recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physi- 1959 Sir Edward C. Bullard 1976 Hans Ramberg 1992 Susan Werner Kieffer cal, biological, mathematical, engineering, or social and behavioral sciences.” 1960 Konrad B. Krauskopf 1977 Akiho Miyashiro 1993 Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. There are now many younger American scientists and engineers who may 1961 Willard F. Libby 1978 Samuel Epstein 1994 David Walker be reaching a point where their contributions are worthy of recognition. The com- 1962 Hatten Schuyler Yoder 1979 Walter M. Elsasser 1995 Thomas J. Ahrens mittee is giving increasing attention to these individuals as well as to those out- 1963 Keith Edward Bullen 1980 Henry G. Thode standing women and minority scientists who deserve recognition. 1964 James Burleigh Thompson, Jr. Vannevar Bush Award The Vannevar Bush Award is presented from time to time to a person who, Young Scientist Award (Donath Medalists) through public service activities in science and technology, has made an outstand- ing contribution toward the welfare of mankind and the nation. 1989 Mark Cloos 1992 John Peter Grotzinger 1994 An Yin The award is given to a senior statesman of science and technology and com- 1990 Leigh Handy Royden 1993 Michael Gurnis 1995 Ward Earl Sanford plements the NSF’s Alan T. Waterman Award, which is given to a promising young 1991 Brian Philip Wernicke scientist. The two awards are designed to encourage individuals to seek the highest levels of achievement in science, engineering, and service to humanity. The nomination should be accompanied by a complete biography and a brief Honorary Fellows citation summarizing the nominee’s scientific or technological contributions to our Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin William S. Fyfe Leo Y. Picard Mircea Sandulescu national welfare in promotion of the progress of science. Neil Armstrong Augusto Gansser Wallace S. Pitcher Harrison Hagan Schmitt Alan T. Waterman Award Jean A. Aubouin David Headley Green Jean Piveteau Eugen Seibold Krzysztof Ludwik Birkenmajer Francisco Hervé Isabella Premoli-Silva Ali Mehmet Celal S¸ engör The Waterman Award is presented annually by the NSF and National Science George Malcolm Brown Dorothy Hill Desmond A. Pretorius Boris Sergeevich Sokolov Board to an outstanding young researcher in any field of science or engineering S. Warren Carey Ferenc Horvath B. P. Radhakrishna Richard L. Stanton supported by NSF. Maria Bianca Cita Kenneth J. Hsü Hans Ramberg Rashid A. Khan Tahirkheli Candidates must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and must be 35 years Michael Collins Valdar Jaanusson Victor A. Ramos Bernard P. Tissot of age or younger, OR not more than five years beyond receipt of the Ph.D. degree William Compston Emilie Jäger John G. Ramsay Livio Trevisan by December 31 of the year in which nominated. Douglas Saxon Coombs Ihsan Ketin Alfred Rittmann Rudolf Trümpy Candidates should have completed sufficient scientific or engineering research P. G. Cooray Teiichi Kobayashi Alexander B. Ronov Guangzhi Tu to have demonstrated, through personal accomplishments, outstanding capability, Gabriel Dengo Hans Laubscher Rupert W. R. Rutland Harry B. Whittington and exceptional promise for significant future achievement. Kingsley C. Dunham Henno Martin Kristján Sæmundsson Alwyn Williams Remember: BACKGROUND INFORMATION and VITAE of nominated Stanislaw Dzulynski Michael W. McElhinny Rushdi Said Yang Zun-yi candidates should be sent by April 30, 1996, to the GSA External Awards Com- François Ellenberger German K. Müller Hitoshi Sakai mittee, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Hans Füchtbauer Mervyn Silas Paterson

204 GSA TODAY, October 1995 Call for Nominations for 1996 Call for Nominations for 1996 Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal) GSA Distinguished Service Award

The Young Scientist Award was achievement and age will be the sole The GSA Distinguished Service addressed to Executive Director, GSA, established in 1988 to be awarded to a criteria. Nominations for the 1996 Award was established by Council in P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. ■ young scientist (35 years or younger award must include 1988 to recognize individuals for their Deadline for nominations during the year in which the award is to • biographical information, exceptional service to the Society. GSA for 1996 is March 1, 1996. be presented) for outstanding achieve- • a summary of the candidate’s Members, Fellows, Associates, or, in ment in contributing to geologic scientific contributions to geology exceptional circumstances, GSA Recipients to date: knowledge through original research (200 words or less), employees may be nominated for con- 1988 ..... Campbell Craddock that marks a major advance in the earth • a selected bibliography (no more sideration. Any GSA member or em- Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. sciences. The award, consisting of a than 10 titles), ployee may make a nomination for Eldridge M. Moores gold medal called the Donath Medal • supporting letters from five scientists the award. Awardees will be selected William A. Thomas and a cash prize of $15,000, was in addition to the person making the by the Executive Committee, and all 1990 ..... William B. Heroy, Jr. endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. nomination. selections must be ratified by the Coun- 1991 ..... Dorothy M. Palmer Donath. Nominations for the 1996 Young cil. Awards may be made annually, or 1992 ..... A. R. (Pete) Palmer For the year 1996, only those Scientist Award must be received at less frequently, at the discretion of 1993 ..... Michel T. Halbouty candidates born on or after Jan- GSA headquarters by February 1, Council. This award will be presented 1994 ..... F. Michael Wahl uary 1, 1961, are eligible for con- 1996. Use the form below for submit- during the Annual Meeting of the Soci- 1995 ..... John E. Costa sideration. In choosing candidates ting the name of a candidate for the ety. Letters of nomination and any Henry T. Mullins for the Young Scientist Award, scientific Young Scientist Award. ■ supporting information should be Arthur G. Sylvester

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Nomination for 1996 Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal)

NAME OF CANDIDATE: Date of birth: ______For the year 1996, only those candidates born on or ADDRESS: after January 1, 1961, are eligible for consideration.

REQUIRED INFORMATION (Please attach)

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Provide in a format similar to that found in American Men and Women of Science, Who’s Who in America.

SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOLOGY Not more than 200 words.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY No more than 10 titles.

LETTERS OF SUPPORT Nominations for the Donath Medal MUST BE SUPPORTED by signed letters from five (5) scientists in addition to the person making the nomination. The letters may be attached to this nomination form or may be sent to the Executive Director separately.

Name of person making the nomination: ______

Address: ______

Date: ______Signature: ______

Letters of support will be submitted by:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

1996 YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD YOUNG 1996 MEDAL) (DONATH 4. ______

5. ______

RETURN TO: Executive Director The Geological Society of America P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 447-2020

DEADLINE: Completed nomination materials must be received by February 1, 1996. To be considered, nomination materials must meet the above criteria. Reprints or articles will not be accepted.

GSA TODAY, October 1995 205 Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers Postmeeting nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, 6. Homestake Iron-Formation- SD 57701, (605) 394-2463, fax 605- Hosted Gold Deposit. Friday, April 19, 394-6703. 1996 (evening). Underground mine tour 1. Precambrian Geology of the ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION, GSA of the Western Hemisphere’s largest gold North-Central United States. Jack mine, which is developed to the 8000 ft Redden, Department of Geology and 48th Annual Meeting level in an Early Proterozoic, structurally Geological Engineering, South Dakota complex iron-formation host. Moderately School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. Rapid City, South Dakota good physical condition required. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) Limit: 15. Ed Morrow, Homestake Mining 394-5113, fax 605-394-6703. April 18–19, 1996 Company, 630 E. Summit St., Lead, SD 2. Applications of Geographic 57754-1700, (605) 584-4843. Information Systems and Comput- 7. Geologic Hazards of the Black ers in Geology. Maribeth Price, Depart- Hills. Saturday, April 20, 1996. Visits to ment of Geology and Geological Engi- he Rocky Mountain Section of the Geological Society of America will meet landslides, swelling soils, flood plains, and neering, South Dakota School of Mines jointly with the Rocky Mountain Section of the Paleontological Society of T gypsum solution features in the Rapid and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., America and the Southwest Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers City, Lead, and Spearfish areas. Limit: 24. Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) 394-2492, at the Rapid City Civic Center. The host for the meeting is the Department of Geol- Perry Rahn, Department of Geology and fax 605-394-6703. Internet: price@ ogy and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. Geological Engineering, South Dakota gis.sdsmt.edu. School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. 3. Late Cretaceous Marine SETTING Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) 394-5113, fax St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) Paleontology and Biostratigraphy. Rapid City, with a population of 605-394-6703. 394-2464, fax 605-394-6703, and Arden James Martin and Gorden L. Bell, Jr., 68,000 in and around the city, is the gate- Premeeting Davis and Paul Gries. Museum of Geology, South Dakota way to the Black Hills. The city is located 1. Late Neogene Tectonism in 8. Marine Cretaceous Paleontol- School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. on Mesozoic rocks that dip gently east- the Great Plains: Reality or Geofan- ogy and Stratigraphy. Saturday and St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) ward off the Black Hills, a Laramide uplift. tasy? 2–3 days, April 15–17, 1996. Visits Sunday, April 20 and 21, 1996. Visits to 394-2427, fax 605-394-6703; Internet: Excellent exposures of Mesozoic and Pale- to the shallow folds and faults in the key sections and fossil localities that sup- [email protected]. ozoic rocks are within a few miles of Little Badlands, North Dakota, and the port present interpretations of the Creta- 4. Tertiary Alkalic Igneous Rapid City. Precambrian metamorphic spectacular slump-type structures of the ceous section. James Martin, Department Rocks of the Northern Rockies. and igneous rocks are exposed in the northern Slim Buttes, South Dakota, of Geology and Geological Engineering, James Kirchner, Department of central Black Hills. These rocks contain where the displaced White River Group South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- Geography-Geology, Campus Box 4400, world-famous pegmatites near Mount is overlain angularly by the Arikaree. nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, Illinois State University, Normal, IL Rushmore. The northern Black Hills area An optional third day (see field trip #2) SD 57701, (605) 394-2427, fax 605- 61790, (309) 438-7649, fax 309-438-5310. contains numerous Tertiary igneous intru- would examine faults and clastic dikes in 394-6703, and Gorden Bell. Internet: [email protected]. sive centers, including beautifully exposed Badlands National Park, South Dakota. 9. Tectonic and Plutonic Devel- 5. Hydrology of Karst Aquifers. examples of laccoliths. Four major gold Allan Ashworth, Department of Geo- opment and Associated Metamor- Perry Rahn and Arden Davis, Department mines, including the Homestake mine, sciences, North Dakota State University, phism in the Southern Black Hills. of Geology and Geological Engineering, are currently operating. Fargo, ND 58105, (701) 231-7919, fax Saturday and Sunday, April 20 and 21, South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- The climate during April is typically 701-231-7149, and George Shurr, Depart- 1996. Visits to key structural, metamor- nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, unpredictable, ranging from temperatures ment of Earth Sciences, St. Cloud State phic, and igneous outcrops illustrating SD 57701, (605) 394-2461, fax 605- of 60+ (°F) to near freezing. Precipitation University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, (612) the complex Proterozoic history and 394-6703. is normally rain, although a spring snow- 255-2009, fax 612-255-4262. metamorphism and metasomatism asso- 6. Contaminant Hydrogeology storm is inevitable in April. 2. Neogene Stratigraphy and ciated with the 1.7 Ga S-type Harney Peak of the Northern Rocky Mountain Travel to Rapid City by either car or Sedimentation. Wednesday, April 17, granite. Jack Redden, Department of Region. Cathleen Webb, Department of plane. The Rapid City airport has non- 1996. Visits to classic sections in Badlands Geology and Geological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, stop flights to Denver and Salt Lake City, National Park, with additional emphasis South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- and connections with Minneapolis via on structural features. (This field trip can nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, Sioux Falls. be used as an extension to field trip #1.) SD 57701, (605) 394-5113, fax 605- SD 57701, (605) 394-1239, fax 605 CALL FOR PAPERS Rachel Benton, Badlands National Park, 394-6703, and Edward Duke. 394-1232, Internet: [email protected]. P.O. Box 6, Interior, SD 57750, (605) 10. Paleozoic Stratigraphy of edu, and Tim Hayes, U.S. Geological Sur- Technical papers are invited for pre- 433-5361, fax 605-433-5404, E-mail: the Black Hills. Sunday, April 21, 1996. vey, 1608 Mountain View Rd., Rapid City, sentation in conventional theme sessions, [email protected], and Jim Martin. This trip will visit outcrops of Cambrian SD 57702, (605) 394-1780 ext. 215, fax symposia, and poster sessions. Papers 3. Black Hills Hydrology. through Permian rocks in the northern 605-394-5373. dealing with all aspects of the Rocky Wednesday, April 17, 1996. Examination Black Hills (South Dakota and Wyoming). 7. Northern Great Plains and Mountain region as well as those of gen- of general Black Hills geology, recharging Emphasis will be on the Cambrian and Rocky Mountain Cenozoic Deposi- eral geological interest will be considered streams, springs in Precambrian and Pale- Devonian of the Lead-Deadwood area, tional Systems, Stratigraphy, and for presentation and discussion. Technical ozoic rocks, and a brief look at hydrogeol- and the Pennsylvanian of the Sand Creek Paleontology. Rachel Benton, Badlands sessions will allow 15 minutes for presen- ogy of an abandoned mine in the south- area (Wyoming). James Fox, Department National Park, P. O. Box 6, Interior, SD tation and 5 minutes for questions and ern Black Hills. Limit: 24. Perry Rahn, of Geology and Geological Engineering, 57750, (605) 433-5361, fax 605-433-5404, discussion. Session chairs and speakers are Department of Geology and Geological South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- E-mail: [email protected]. asked to adhere stringently to these time Engineering, South Dakota School of nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, 8. Metallogeny of Gold in the limits. Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph SD 57701, (605) 394-2468, fax 605- Northern Rockies. Colin Paterson, REGISTRATION St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) 394-2464, 394-6703. Department of Geology and Geological fax 605-394-6703, and Tim Hayes and 11. Tertiary Igneous Systems Engineering, South Dakota School of Preregistration deadline: Arden Davis. and Related Au-Ag Mineralization Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph March 8, 1996 (no exceptions) 4. Major Unconformities of the of the Northern Black Hills. Saturday St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) 394-5114, Preregistration by mail will be han- Black Hills. Wednesday, April 17, 1996. and Sunday, April 20 and 21, 1996. Visit fax 605-394-6703, E-mail: paterson@ dled by the Geological Society of America Visits to well-exposed Middle Proterozoic, natural and open-pit mine exposures of silver.sdsmt.edu. Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Precambrian-Cambrian, Ordovician– the Laramide igneous province to exam- 9. Perspectives on the Western Boulder, CO 80301-9140. For lower regis- Upper Devonian, Mississippian-Pennsyl- ine petrologic, structural, and gold-ore Interior Cretaceous Seaway. Richard tration fees and to assist the local commit- vanian, and Tertiary unconformities in relations, and the character of dikes, Hammond, South Dakota Geological Sur- tee in planning, please preregister. Regis- the northern and east-central Black Hills. stocks, sills, and laccoliths. James Kirch- vey, University Science Center, Vermil- tration details and forms will appear in Jack Redden, Department of Geology and ner, Department of Geography-Geology, lion, SD 57069; Karen Porter, Montana the January issue of GSA Today. On-site Geological Engineering, South Dakota Campus Box 4400, Illinois State Univer- Bureau of Mines, Montana College of registration will begin on April 17, 1996. School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. sity, Normal, IL 61790, (309) 438-7649, Mineral Science and Technology, Butte, GSA is committed to making every St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, (605) fax 309-438-5310. Internet: jgkirch@ MT 59701. Send abstracts to George event at the 1996 Rocky Mountain Sec- 394-5113, fax 605-394-6703, and Mark ilstu.edu, and Alvis Lisenbee and Colin Shurr, Department of Earth Sciences, tion Meeting accessible to all people inter- Fahrenbach. Paterson. St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN ested in attending. If you have special 5. Reclamation at Northern 56301, (612) 255-2009, fax 612-255-4262. requirements, such as an interpreter or Black Hills Gold Mines. Wednesday, SYMPOSIA 10. Geoscience Education in wheelchair accessibility, there will be April 17, 1996. Reclamation activities that General sessions will include struc- Native American Communities. space to indicate this on the registration include mitigation of acid-generating sul- tural geology and tectonics, economic Steven Semken, Navajo Drylands Envi- form, or you can call Perry Rahn, (605) fide waste rock will be the primary focus geology, igneous and metamorphic ronments Laboratory, Navajo Commu- 394-2464. If possible please let us know at LAC Mineral’s Richmond Hill gold petrology, stratigraphy and sedimenta- nity College, P.O. Box 580, Shiprock, by March 8, 1996. mine. The tour will also visit Wharf tion, paleontology, hydrogeology, engi- Navajo Nation, NM 87420-0580. FIELD TRIPS Resource’s gold mine, where concurrent neering geology, geomorphology, geo- and final reclamation activities at an physics, and general geology. ABSTRACTS Both premeeting and postmeeting active mine can be witnessed. Tom The following symposia will include Abstracts are limited to 250 words field trips are planned. For details, contact Durkin, Office of Minerals and Mining, both invited papers and selected volun- and must be submitted camera ready on the respective field trip leaders. General South Dakota Department of Environ- teered papers. Prospective authors are official 1996 GSA Abstract forms, available questions should be addressed to Jack ment and Natural Resources, Joe Foss encouraged to contact the respective con- from the Abstracts Coordinator, Geologi- Redden, Field Trip Coordinator, Depart- Building, 523 E. Capitol Ave., Pierre, SD veners. General questions should be cal Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, ment of Geology and Geological Engi- 57501-3181, (605) 773-4201. addressed to Alvis Lisenbee, Department Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020, neering, South Dakota School of Mines of Geology and Geological Engineering, and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- Rocky Mountain continued on p. 207

206 GSA TODAY, October 1995 Rocky Mountain continued from p. 206 one month prior to the meeting. The Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers award will be a one-year subscription to E-mail: [email protected]. An origi- Paleobiology. nal and 5 copies are required for each abstract. Authors of symposium papers STUDENT TRAVEL SUPPORT CORDILLERAN SECTION, GSA should send their abstracts directly to the The Rocky Mountain Section has appropriate convener (the first name in funds available to support Student Associ- 92nd Annual Meeting the list of symposium organizers above). ates of the Geological Society of America All other abstracts should be sent to Alvis who plan to attend the meeting. Prefer- Portland, Oregon Lisenbee, Department of Geology and ence for support will be given to presen- Geological Engineering, South Dakota ters of papers and posters and to group April 22–24, 1996 School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. applications. Students are strongly St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701. encouraged to apply for these grants. Abstracts will be reviewed for informative Send a letter of application which identi- he Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, will content and format, appropriate geo- fies all student travelers in the group, GSA host the 1996 meeting of the Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of graphic coverage (Rocky Mountain Student Associate member numbers, and T America. The meeting is held jointly with the Pacific Northwest Metals and Min- region), and originality. To simplify a summary of costs to Rocky Mountain erals Conference (PNMMC) sponsored by local sections of the Society for Mining, scheduling and provide for a diversity of Section Secretary Ken Kolm, Division of Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (AIME), American Welding Society, ASM Inter- views, only one volunteered paper may Environmental Science and Engineering national, and Association of Engineering Geologists. be presented by each individual, although Department, Colorado School of Mines, a person may also be a coauthor of addi- Golden, CO 80401, (303) 273-3932, fax tional papers. 303-273-3413, Internet: kkolm@mines. SETTING should be sent directly to Richard ABSTRACT DEADLINE: Friday, colorado.edu. If you are presenting a Portland, Oregon, is located at the Thoms, Department of Geology, January 5, 1996 paper or poster, please include a copy of northern end of the Willamette Valley Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, your notification of acceptance. Applica- between the Cascade Range to the east Portland, OR 97207, (503) 725-3379, PROJECTION EQUIPMENT tions must be received by Ken Kolm by and the Coast Range to the west. The fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: dick@ All slides must be 2” × 2” and fit stan- Friday, March 15, 1996. City of Roses will be abloom with ch1.ch.pdx.edu. dard 35 mm carousel trays. Two projec- rhododendrons and azaleas at the time Abstracts will be reviewed for infor- tors and two screens will be available for SPECIAL EVENTS of the meeting. The weather in late April mation content and format, appropriate oral sessions. Authors are strongly encour- Planned events include a welcoming is pleasant, but rainy weather with inter- geographic coverage (Cordilleran aged to bring their own preloaded reception in the evening on Wednesday, mittent “sun breaks” is likely. The aver- region), and originality. Only one volun- carousels. A limited number of carousels April 17, 1996. An alumni reception will age high is 60 °F and average low is teered paper may be presented by each will be available. The organizing commit- be held on Thursday evening, April 18, 41 °F. The meeting will be held at the individual, although a person may also tee will not be responsible if a carousel is 1996. Those schools wishing to have an Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center. Access coauthor papers presented by others and unavailable for your talk. alumni meeting area reserved should to the city is easy via Interstates 5 and may present additional papers invited register with Perry Rahn, Department 84, rail, or air. Interstates 5 and 84 pass for symposia. POSTER SESSIONS of Geology and Geological Engineering, within 0.8 miles of the hotel. Portland Poster sessions will be located adja- South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- International Airport is 15 minutes from ABSTRACT FORMS cent to the exhibit and registration area. If nology, 501 E. St. Joseph St., Rapid City, the hotel and is serviced by hotel shuttle Abstracts are limited to about 250 you wish to present a poster, indicate SD 57701, (605) 394-2464, fax 605- van. Access from the Amtrak station to words and must be submitted camera- your preference on your abstract form. 394-6703. A banner with your school the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center ready on official 1996 GSA abstract There will be a special poster session name over the reserved area will be pro- includes a short bus ride to the light rail forms, available from the Abstracts on Geologic Maps of the Black Hills and vided. Deadline for reservations is April 1, system, which passes next to the hotel. Coordinator, Geological Society of South Dakota, displaying 7.5’ quadrangle 1996. The annual business and luncheon America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO maps of the northern Black Hills, meeting of the Geological Society of REGISTRATION 80301, (303) 447-8850, or E-mail: 1:100,000 scale map of the central Black America Rocky Mountain Section will be Preregistration Deadline: [email protected]. Hills, a 1:250,000 scale 1° × 2° quadrangles held at 12 noon on Friday, April 19, 1996. March 15, 1996 of South Dakota, and the new 1:500,000 FIELD TRIPS Preregistration by mail will be scale South Dakota State Geological Map. GUEST PROGRAM For details of the premeeting and handled by the Geological Society of New AVIRIS remotely-sensed data will Spring will be budding (we hope) in postmeeting field trips, contact the field America Meetings Department, P.O. Box also be displayed. Inquiries regarding the Rapid City and Black Hills area. trip leaders listed. General questions 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. On-site posters should be directed to Lynn Mount Rushmore and Custer State Park should be addressed to Field Trip Coor- registration will be held in the Ballroom Hedges, South Dakota Department of are well-known attractions, and there are dinators Scott Burns, Department of Foyer of the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Environment and Natural Resources, many scenic drives in the Black Hills and Geology, Portland State University, Center. 2050 W. Main St., Suite 1, Rapid City, SD Badlands. The Civic Center is conve- P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, Please take advantage of the 57702, (605) 394-2229. niently located in a parkway near the (503) 725-3389, fax 503-725-3025, lower registration fees and register by Undergraduate students are invited downtown area, which boasts galleries, E-mail: [email protected]; or Jeff March 15, 1996. to participate in a poster session spon- shops, hotels, and other attractions. The Markstaller, Oregon Steel Mills, P.O. GSA is committed to making every sored by the Geology Division, Council depot for the Rapid Ride bus system is a Box 2760, Portland, OR 97208, (503) event at the 1996 Cordilleran Section on Undergraduate Research. Student(s) two-minute walk from the Civic Center; 978-6168, fax 503-240-5268. Preregistra- Meeting accessible to all people inter- must be listed as the first author and have there are routes to the Rushmore Mall tion forms will be available in the Final ested in attending. If you have special been the major preparer of the poster. and other parts of Rapid City. The Announcement in the January 1996 requirements, such as an interpreter or Topics may vary over a broad spectrum Museum of Geology at the South Dakota issue of GSA Today. wheelchair accessibility, there will be (e.g., see GSA Abstract form), but must be School of Mines and Technology has out- space to indicate this on the registration Premeeting the result of their own participation in an standing exhibits and research collections, form, or you can call Michael Cum- 1. Building Stones and Land- undergraduate research program. and is a major tourist attraction. Orga- mings, (503) 725-3022. If possible, scaping Boulder Industry of West- nized activities will depend on the num- please let us know by March 1, 1996 . ern Washington, April 20–21. David EXHIBITS bers of preregistered guests. Abstracts may be purchased with Knoblach, Marenakos Rock Center, Exhibits are planned for the regis- your GSA membership or on site in the 30250 SE Highpoint Way, Issaqua, tration–poster session area. The cost per ACCOMMODATIONS registration area. WA 98027, (206) 392-3313, fax 206- booth is $50 per 12 × 10 ft space. Addi- Blocks of rooms will be reserved at 222-7292. tional adjacent booths may be purchased several hotels within a 5-minute walk CALL FOR PAPERS 2. Applied Paleoflood Hydrol- for $50 each to expand display space. of the Civic Center. Housing informa- Papers are invited for presentation ogy in North-Central Oregon, For further information and booth reser- tion and a list of room blocks and in oral technical sessions, symposia, April 20–21. Dan Levish and Dean vation, contact Lynn Hedges or Foster locations will be provided in the final theme sessions, and poster sessions for Ostenaa, Bureau of Reclamation, Seis- Sawyer, South Dakota Department of announcement. all sessions sponsored by participating motectonic Geology, Mail Code D8331, Environment and Natural Resources, societies. Papers dealing with all aspects P.O. Box 25007, Denver Federal Center, 2050 W. Main St., Suite 1, Rapid City, DETAILED INFORMATION of the Cordilleran region, as well as Denver, CO 80225-0007, (303) SD 57702, (605) 394-2229. More detailed information regarding those of general geological interest, will 236-4195, ext. 274. registration, accommodations, activities, be considered for presentation and dis- 3. Quaternary Crustal and STUDENT PRESENTATIONS and the program will be provided in the cussion. Technical sessions will allow 12 Subduction Earthquakes on the The Museum of Geology at the South final announcement in the January issue minutes for presentation and 3 minutes South Coast of Oregon, April 20–21. Dakota School of Mines and Technology of GSA Today, and as part of the Rocky for discussion. Symposia may allow Ian Madin, Oregon Department of will provide a $50 award for the best Mountain Section Abstracts with equivalent or longer times for presenta- Geology and Mineral Industries, 1831 paper by an undergraduate, and $25 for Programs. Address questions and sugges- tion, at the option of the conveners and First St., Baker City, OR 97814, (503) second-best paper. tions to Colin Paterson, GSA Meeting symposium coordinator. 523-3133, fax 503-523-5992. The Paleontological Society will Chair, Department of Geology and 4. Deschutes Basin: A Medial sponsor an award for the best student Geological Engineering, South Dakota ABSTRACTS DEADLINE: and Distal Record of Cascades paper in paleontology. A nonstudent can School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. December 28, 1995 Volcanism, April 20–21. Gordon G. be coauthor, but the student must be St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, An original and five copies are Goles, Department of Geological Sci- both the presenter and senior (primary) (605) 394-5114, fax 605-394-6703, required for each abstract. Authors of ences, University of Oregon, Eugene, author. To be eligible, the speaker must E-mail: [email protected]. ■ symposium papers should send their be currently enrolled in a graduate or abstracts directly to the appropriate con- undergraduate program or have com- vener (see lists above). Other abstracts Cordilleran continued on p. 208 pleted such a program no longer than

GSA TODAY, October 1995 207 Cordilleran continued from p. 207 THEME 1: Regional Seismicity 97283, (503)286-0685 ext. 262, fax 503- EARTH SCIENCE Geologic Framework of Earth- 286-1743. EDUCATION PROGRAMS OR 97403-1272, (503) 346-4589, E-mail: quakes in the Pacific Northwest. 3. Geoscience Input in Water Several special programs designed [email protected]. Curt Peterson, Department of Geology, Resources Decision Making: Case for teachers (K–12) and other interested 5. Columbia River Basalt Intra- Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Studies from Portland, Oregon. professionals are scheduled during the canyon Flows in Western Oregon Portland, OR 97207, (503)725-3375, Lorna Stickel, Regional Water Supply meeting. Field studies specifically and Washington: Ginkgo, Rosalia, fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. Project Manager, Portland Water Bureau, designed to be useful to teachers will and Pomona, April 20–21. Marvin pdx.edu. 1120 SW 5th Ave., Room 601, Portland, be offered April 20–21. For information Beeson and Terry Tolan, Department of Earthquake and Volcanic OR 97204, (503) 823-7502, fax 503- on any of the earth science education Geology, Portland State University, P.O. Hazards: Site Analysis. Joe Ritchey, 823-6133. programs, contact Craig Rankine, Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, (503) Western Field Operations Center, EMCON, 15055 SW Sequoia Parkway, 725-3024, fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: U.S. Bureau of Mines, 360 E. 3rd Ave., THEME SESSIONS Suite 40, Portland, OR 97224-7712, [email protected]. Spokane, WA, 99202, (509) 353-2700, 1. Geologic Evolution of the (503) 624-7200, fax 503-620-7658; 6. Landslides of the Oregon fax 509-353-2661. Oregon Plateau (oral and poster Mike Park, Stack Metallurgical Services, Coast Range, April 20. Scott Burns, session). William Hart, Department of THEME 2: Infrastructure 6340 N. Basin, Portland, OR 97217, Department of Geology, Portland State Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Slope Stability: Assessment (503) 285-7703, fax 503-286-5681; or University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OH 45056, (513) 529-3217, fax 513- and Remediation. Sue D’Agnese, Ore- Elaine Cullen, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 315 OR 97207, (503) 725-3389, fax 503- 529-1542, E-mail: wkhart@miavx1. gon Department of Transportation, E. Montgomery, Spokane, WA 99207, 725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. muohio.edu. Roseburg, OR 97470, (503) 957-3595, (509) 484-1610, fax 509-640-8070. pdx.edu; and Dave Michael, Oregon 2. Ground-water Hydrology fax 503-957-3604. An education emphasis is scheduled Department of Forestry, Forest Grove. and Geology (oral and poster session). Infrastructure: Design and during technical sessions on Tuesday, 7. Mount St. Helens: Engineer- Marshall Gannett, U.S. Geological Sur- Materials. Matthew Kuhn, University April 23. Theme and poster sessions will ing Geology of Highway 504, Sedi- vey, Water Resources Division, 10615 SE of Portland, School of Engineering, investigate educational opportunities for ment Retention Structure, and the Cherry Blossom Dr., Portland, OR 5000 N. Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR the earth science community. Spirit Lake Tunnel, April 21. Scott 97216-3159, (503) 251-3233, E-mail: 97203-5798, (503) 283-7361, fax 503- The public is invited to participate Burns, Department of Geology, Portland [email protected]; and Kenneth E. 283-7345, E-mail: [email protected]. in a special symposium Tuesday evening State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Lite, Oregon Water Resources Depart- that examines regional seismicity, build- OR 97207, (503) 725-3389, fax 503- THEME 3: Environmental Concerns ment, 158 12th St. NE, Salem, OR ing codes and design, emergency man- 725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. Site Mapping—Geochemical 97310-0210, (503) 378-8455, E-mail: agement, and economic impacts related 8. Magmatic and Postemplace- and Geologic. Dale Avery, Western [email protected]. to potential subduction zone and ment Processes in the Rattlesnake Field Operations Center, U.S. Bureau 3. Operating Mines in the intraplate earthquakes in the Pacific Tuff—Silicic Volcanism of the of Mines, 360 E. 3rd Ave., Spokane, Western Cordillera. Brian Ballou, Northwest. High Lava Plains, Eastern Oregon, WA 99202, (509) 353-2700, fax 509- Glenbrook Nickel Co., P.O. Box 85, April 20–21, Anita Grunder, Oregon 353-2661. Riddle, OR 97469, (503) 874-3171, EXHIBITS State University, Dept. of Geosciences, Mine Waste Disposal and fax 503-874-3380. Exhibits will be located adjacent to 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR Cleanup. Norm Day, Recreation Lands 4. Mine Failure Analysis. Peter the poster sessions and the computer 97333, (503) 737-1249, fax 503- and Minerals, P.O. Box 3623, U.S. Forest Chamberlain, U.S. Bureau of Mines, work area. The cost of exhibit space is 737-1200 (available after January 1996); Service, Portland, OR 97208-3623, (503) Twin Cities Research Center, 5629 $300 for commercial exhibitors and Martin Streck, Dept. of Volcanology and 326-6705, fax 503-326-7554. Minnehaha Ave., South, Minneapolis, $150 for educational and nonprofit Petrology, Christian Albrecht University Waste Management and Reme- MN 55417-3099, (612) 725-4722, fax institutions. For further information and of Kiel, Germany, E-mail: mstreck@ diation in Manufacturing. Khalid 612-725-4526. space reservations, contact John Kelley, geomar.de. Khan, University of Portland, School 5. Underground Mining Proce- Advanced Surfaces and Processes, 85 N 9. Geologic History of Mount of Engineering, 5000 Willamette Blvd., dures. Lani Boldt, Spokane Research 26th Ave., Bldg. 2, Cornelius, OR 97119, Hood Volcano, April 21. Willie Scott Portland, OR 97203, (503) 283-7276, fax Center, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 315 E. (503) 640-4072, fax 503-640-8070; or and Cynthia Gardner, U.S. Geological 503-283-7345, E-mail: [email protected]. Montgomery, Spokane, WA 99207, Chuck Daellenbach, U.S. Bureau of Survey—Cascades Volcano Observatory, Environmental Compliance. (509) 353-2700, fax 509-353-2661. Mines, 1450 Queen Ave. SW, Albany, Vancouver, WA 98661, (360) 696-7909, Peter Baer, 838 NE 10th St., Gresham, 6. Computer Software: What’s OR 97321-2198, (503) 967-5807, fax 360-696-7866. OR 97030, (503) 661-7995, fax 503- New in Research and Education? fax 503-967-5936, E-mail: daellenb@ 661-7965. (poster and hands-on session). Ken Postmeeting alrc.usbm.gov. Environmental Noncompli- Cruikshank, Department of Geology, 10. Petrotectonic Elements ance. Peter Baer, 838 NE 10th St., Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, of Marginal Basin Oceanic Litho- STUDENT SUPPORT Gresham, OR 97030, (503) 661-7995, Portland, OR 97207, (503) 725-3383, sphere: An Example from the The GSA Cordilleran Section has fax 503-661-7965. fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: ken@ Klamath Mountains, Oregon funds available for grants to support Materials: From Cradle Back ch1.ch.pdx.edu. and California, April 22 (evening)– GSA Student Associates of the section to Cradle. Adrian McNutt, Glenbrook 7. Educating Today for April 25. Doug Yule and Jason B. who are presenting papers at the meet- Nickel Co., P.O. Box 85, Riddle, OR Tomorrow’s World. Barbara Kirk, Saleeby, California Institute of Technol- ing. Apply to Cordilleran Section Secre- 97469, (503) 874-3171, fax 503- Chemeketa Community College, ogy, Division of Geological and Plane- tary Bruce A. Blackerby, Department of 874-3380. P.O. Box 14007, Salem, OR 97309, tary Sciences 170-25, Pasadena, CA Geology, California State University, (503) 399-5247, fax 503-399-5214, 91125, (818) 395-6590, fax 818- THEME 4: Energy Fresno, CA 93740, (209) 278-2955 E-mail: [email protected]. 568-0935, E-mail: [email protected]. Geology and Geothermal (direct) or 278-3086. Applications caltech.edu; Cal Barnes, Texas Tech Resource Potential of the Cascade POSTER SESSIONS should include certification that the University, Lubbock; Art Snoke, Range and Northern Basin and student is presenting a paper and Poster sessions will be located adja- University of Wyoming, Laramie; Range Province. Michael L. Cum- is a GSA Student Associate of the cent to the exhibit area. If you wish to Greg Harper, SUNY—Albany, Albany, mings, Department of Geology, Portland Cordilleran Section. All letters must take advantage of this highly effective New York. State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, be received by January 15, 1996. means of communication, please indi- 11. Tour of Oregon Steel Mills, OR 97207, (503) 725-3395, fax 503- cate your preference for a poster session April 24. Susan Graham and Jeff 725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. ACCOMMODATIONS on the GSA abstract form. Markstaller, Oregon Steel Mills, P.O. pdx.edu; and David McClain, CE A block of rooms at the Red Lion Box 2760, Portland, OR 97208, (503) Exploration Co., Portland. COMPUTER CENTER Hotel—Lloyd Center, the site of the 978-6168, fax 503-240-5268. Energy: Materials and Tech- meeting, has been reserved for attendees A computer work area where atten- 12. Evidence of the Missoula nologies. Mark Siddall, Teledyne at a special reduced rate of $115. Addi- dees can examine new software for edu- Floods and Quaternary Geology Wah Chang, P.O. Box 460, Albany, tional housing is available within walk- cational and research purposes will be in the Portland Area, April 25. OR 97321, (503) 926-4211, ext. 6110, ing distance of the Red Lion Hotel— available in the Exhibit Area. Each day Scott Burns, Department of Geology, fax 503-967-6987. Lloyd Center. Specific information will software will be changed to allow exam- Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, be provided in the January 1996 issue of ination of different applications. The Portland, OR 97207, (503) 725-3389, SYMPOSIA GSA Today. computer center is coordinated with fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: scott@ The following symposia will include Theme and Poster Session 6 (see above). ch1.ch.pdx.edu. both invited papers and selected volun- DETAILED INFORMATION For more information, contact Ken teered papers. Prospective authors are Information concerning registra- Cruikshank, Department of Geology, TECHNICAL PROGRAM encouraged to contact the respective tion, accommodations, field trips, sym- Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, General questions about the techni- conveners. posia and theme sessions, and other Portland, OR 97207, (503) 725-3383, cal program should be addressed to the 1. Mesozoic and Early Tertiary activities will appear in the January issue fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: ken@ meeting cochairs, Michael L. Cummings, Evolution of Southern California, of GSA Today and will be updated regu- ch1.ch.pdx.edu. Department of Geology, Portland State Arizona, and Nevada. Andrew Barth, larly on the World Wide Web Home University, Portland, OR 97207, (503) Department of Geology, Indiana Univer- PROJECTION EQUIPMENT Page for the Department of Geology, 725-3395, fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: sity, 723 West Michigan St., Indianapolis, Portland State University (http://131. All slides must be 2" × 2" and fit [email protected], or Joe Stafford, IN 46202, (317)-274-1243. 252.71.35/, or via http://www.pdx.edu/). standard 35 mm carousel trays. A pro- Columbia Steel Casting Co., 10425 2. Subduction Zone and Requests for additional information or jector and screen will be available for all N. Bloss Ave., Portland, OR 97283, Intraplate Earthquakes in the suggestions should be sent to General oral sessions. Please bring loaded (503)286-0685, ext. 262, fax 503- Pacific Northwest: Preparing for Chair Michael Cummings, Department carousel trays, if possible. A speaker 286-1743. Four themes have been the Future (Tuesday evening). Joe of Geology, Portland State University, ready room will be available. An over- selected to unify the interests of the Stafford, Columbia Steel Casting Co., P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, (503) head projector will be available upon sponsoring organizations. 10425 N. Bloss Ave., Portland, OR 725-3395, fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: request. [email protected]. ■

208 GSA TODAY, October 1995 1995 GEOVVENTURES The GSA GeoVentures Program offered four programs in 1995 unrelated to GeoVentures is the overall name for adult educational and adventure experi- the annual or section meetings. The total of 104 participants, ranging in age from ences of two kinds: GeoHostels and GeoTrips. Both are known for superior scien- 26 to 80, represented a vast range of interests and backgrounds. tific leadership. Fees for both are low to moderate (relative to the destination, This educational program serves professionals who enjoy their geology and length, time of year, and number of participants). GeoHostels are usually five- the company of other geologists in a field setting. GeoVentures are a special bene- day, campus-based programs. GeoTrips are anywhere from one to three weeks in fit created for members, but are open to guests and friends also. length, and the itinerary includes multiple destinations.

GEOHOSTELS GEOTRIPS The Geological History Geology of the of Southwestern Montana Grand Canyon— Ivo Luchitta 28 participants. June 17–22, 1995. Lee’s Ferry to Leader: Robert Thomas, Western Montana College Pierce Ferry “Rob is a natural! The group was great,” wrote Irene and Al Boland of Rock 31 participants, Hill, South Carolina. April 21-28, 1995. Leaders: Stanley Beus, Northern “I’ve come to view the GeoHostels as offering remarkable insights to the geology Arizona University, Flagstaff, and of the American West. I hadn’t been in that area (Montana) for 30 years, and Morning in the canyon. Ivo Lucchitta, U.S. Geological Rob Thomas brought me up to date with the new geological interpretations,” Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona. wrote Jim Carl of Potsdam, New York.

“The Grand Canyon Trip was a magnificent experience,” wrote Pierre Sauve of Quebec, Canada. “World Class outcrops, knowl- edgeable and interesting leaders, spectacular stops and camp- sites, well-organized—all get an A+,” wrote Weldon Frost, Longboat Key, Florida.

Dillon gang. Edna Collis

Scenic Geology of Northwestern Colorado and Dinosaur National Monument 32 participants. June 24–29, 1995. Leaders: Gregory Holden, and Kenneth Kolm, Colorado School of Mines Redwall Cavern—Taking a break with Ivo. Sue Tanges

Iceland: Fire and Ice 13 participants, July 16-30, 1995 Leaders: Haraldur Sigurdsson, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island and Haukur Johannesson, Natural History Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland. “Congratulations to GSA on having presented such a well organized and informative trip. An out- standing experi- ence and one that I will remember for a long time,” wrote Cruisin’ down the river … Split Mountain. Amy Ross Armando Ricci, Jr. of Natchez, Mississippi. “I had a fantastic time! It was one of the funnest things I’ve ever done,” wrote Sandy Krempasky of Fredericksburg, Virginia. “Our leaders made the trip Gullfoss waterfall, 90 km (55 mi) east of Reykjavik. Bob Grant “This was my third GeoHostel. I have thoroughly enjoyed all of them and hope both geologically to enjoy more,” wrote Tom Robertson of Los Gatos, California. interesting and thoroughly enjoyable. Good discussions and lots of fun!,” wrote Unni Rowell of Bloomington, Indiana. “There are many other places in Iceland I would like to go to, but I think we had the best possible itinerary for a two-week trip,” wrote Rosaly Lopes-Gautier of Altadena, California.

Steamboat Springs– Coming in November GSA Today… Vernal gang. Ken Kolm GEO ENTURES 1996 V Registration begins January 1.

GSA TODAY, October 1995 209 GSA SECTION MEETINGS — 1996 GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS

Call for Papers 1995 SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION New Orleans, Louisiana March 11–12, 1996 April 18–19, 1996 November 6–9 University of Texas, Austin, Texas Rapid City Civic Center, Ernest N. Morial Abstract Deadline: Rapid City, South Dakota November 20, 1995 Abstract Deadline: Convention Center Submit completed abstracts to: January 5, 1996 Hyatt Regency New Orleans William F. Mullican, Bureau of Economic Submit completed abstracts to: Geology, University of Texas, University Alvis L. Lisenbee, Department of Geology Station Box X, Austin, TX 78712, and Geological Engineering, South Dakota (512) 471-1534, mullicanb@ School of Mines and Technology, 501 East begv.beg.utexas.edu St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701-3995, (605) 394-2463 1996 SOUTHEASTERN SECTION CORDILLERAN SECTION Denver, Colorado • October 28–31 March 14–15, 1996 April 22–24, 1996 Colorado Convention Center Ramada Plaza Hotel, Jackson, Mississippi Red Lion Hotel at Lloyd Center, Marriott City Center Portland, Oregon Abstract Deadline: General Chairs: November 15, 1995 Abstract Deadline: Gregory S. Holden and Kenneth E. Kolm, December 28, 1995 Submit completed abstracts to: Colorado School of Mines Darrel Schmitz, Department of Geo- Submit completed abstracts to: sciences, Mississippi State University, P.O. Richard Thoms, Department of Geology, Technical Program Chairs: Box 5448, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, John D. Humphrey, and John E. Warme, (601) 325-2904 Portland, OR 97207-0751, (503) 725-3379 Colorado School of Mines, NORTHEASTERN SECTION NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION Dept. of Geology & Geological Engineering, March 21–23, 1996 May 2–3, 1996 Golden, CO 80401, Hyatt Regency, Buffalo, New York Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (303) 273-3819, fax 303-273-3859, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Deadline: Abstract Deadline: November 20, 1995 January 17, 1996 Field Trip Chairs: Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: Charles L. Pillmore, (303) 236-1240 and Charles E. Mitchell, Department of Geol- Kenneth E. Windom, Department of Geo- Ren A. Thompson, (303) 236-0929 ogy, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 Natural Science logical and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa U.S. Geological Survey, MS 913, P.O. Box 25046 and Mathematics Complex, Buffalo, NY State University, 253 Science I Building, 14260-3050, (716) 645-6800, glgchuck@ Ames, IA 50011-3210, (515) 294-2430, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu [email protected] ✁ THEME FOR 1996 ANNUAL MEETING 1996 ABSTRACT FORM REQUEST The scientific theme for the 1996 Annual Meeting is “Earth System Summit.” As with past themes, this one has several meanings. In particular, we wish to To: GSA Abstracts Coordinator, P.O. Box Please send ___ copies of the 1996 GSA 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 or abstract form. I understand that the same form emphasize that Earth is a complete system whose processes are complexly interre- E-mail: [email protected] may be used for all 1996 GSA meetings. lated at a variety of scales. Second, the theme emphasizes that we are all inhabi- tants of this complex system; our actions can have significant impact—or be Name ______impacted by—its dynamic behavior. Theme sessions and symposia will be offered on aspects of multidisciplinary integrated studies of the Earth System, with special Address ______emphasis on the Rocky Mountain, High Plains, and Western Interior regions. We ______are, therefore, soliciting symposia and theme topics and field-trip proposals that will integrate a variety of disciplines around a broad topic. We envision a coupling City ______State______ZIP ______of symposia-theme sessions and field trips, in which pre- or postmeeting field trips complement technical sessions presented during the meeting. Examples of such synergy might be “The Yellowstone Volcanic System,” “The Rio Grande Rift System,” or “The San Luis Valley Hydrologic System.” Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation (Required by 39 U.S.C. 3685) GSA Today (Publication No. 1052-5173) is published monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc., (GSA) with headquarters and offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado CALL FOR 80301 U.S.A.; and mailing address of Post Office Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140 CONTINUING EDUCATION U.S.A. The Publisher is Donald M. Davidson, Jr.; the Editor is Faith E. Rogers; their office and mailing addresses are the same as above. The annual subscription prices are: for Members COURSE PROPOSALS and Associate-Student Members of GSA, $7; for non-members $40. The publication is wholly PROPOSALS DUE BY DECEMBER 1 owned by The Geological Society of America, Inc., a not-for-profit, charitable corporation. No known stockholder holds 1 percent or more of the total stock. CEDE & Company, 55 Water The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites those interested Street, New York, NY 10041, holds all outstanding bonds; there are no known mortgagees or in proposing a GSA-sponsored or cosponsored course or workshop to contact holders of other securities. The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of The Geological Soci- GSA headquarters for proposal guidelines. Continuing Education courses may ety of America, Inc., has not changed during the preceding twelve months. The average num- be conducted in conjunction with all GSA annual or section meetings. We are ber of copies of each issue during the preceding twelve months and the actual number of particularly interested in receiving proposals for the 1996 Denver Annual copies published nearest to the filing date (September 1995 issue) were: Meeting or the 1997 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting. Actual No. Proposals must be received by December 1, 1995. Selection of courses for Item Avg. Copies of 1996 will be made by February 1, 1996. For those planning ahead, we will also No. No. Copies Single Issue consider courses for 1997 at that time. from PS Each Issue Published Form in past Nearest to For proposal guidelines or information, contact: 3526 Extent and Nature of Circulation 12 Months Filing Date Edna A. Collis a. Total No. Copies (Net press run) 17,318 16,500 Continuing Education Coordinator,GSA headquarters b. Paid and/or Requested Circulation 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134 • E-mail: [email protected] (1) Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors, and counter sales (not mailed) 0 0 (2) Paid or Requested Mail Subscriptions, (Including advertisers) proof copies and exchange copies) 15,182 14,097 c. Total Paid and/or Requested Circulation (Sum of FUTURE b (1) and b (2)) 15,182 14,097 Salt Lake City ...... October 20–23 ...... 1997 d. Free Distribution by Mail (Samples, complimentary, and Toronto ...... October 26–29 ...... 1998 other free) 1,112 1116 Denver ...... October 25–28 ...... 1999 e. Free Distribution Outside the Mail (Carriers or other means) 0 0 f. Total Free Distribution (Sum of d and e) 1,112 1,116 g. Total Distribution (Sum of c and f) 16,294 15,213 h. Copies Not Distributed (1) Office use, leftovers, spoiled 1,024 1,287 For general information on any meeting (2) Returned from news agents 0 0 call the GSA Meetings Department, i. Total (Sum of g, h (1), and h (2)) 17,318 16,500 Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation (c/g x 100) 93% 93% 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020, ext. 133; This information taken from PS Form 3526, signed September 20, 1995 by the Publisher, Donald M. Davidson, Jr., and filed with the United States Postal Service in Boulder, Colorado. E-mail: [email protected]

210 GSA TODAY, October 1995 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or Positions Open addresses (including phone, fax, and e mail) of three LAFAYETTE COLLEGE cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office referees by 15 October to the Geobiology Search Assistant Professor, tenure-track position beginning one month prior. Contact Advertising Department ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENTIST Committee, Department of Geological Sciences, Indi- Fall 1996 to teach courses in Sedimentology/Stratig- (303) 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, The Programs in Geosciences at The University of ana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-1403; (812) raphy, Earth History, Oceanography/Marine Geology, or E-mail:[email protected]. Please include Texas at Dallas have an opening for a tenure-track, 855-5581; fax: 812-855-7899; email: dodd@indi- and to participate in Introductory Geology courses. complete address, phone number, and E-mail faculty position in the field of Environmental Geo- ana.edu. Applicants are invited to describe additional courses address with all correspondence. sciences. The successful candidate will complement Indiana University is an equal-opportunity, affirma- that they might teach in an undergraduate geology our existing strengths in high resolution geophysics tive-action employer. Women and minorities are and environmental geosciences curriculum. A Ph.D. Per line and geochemistry and will lead an expanding encouraged to apply. is required and teaching experience is preferred. Per Line for each research effort in environmental geosciences. Appli- Please send a resume, a statement of teaching for addt'l month cations are invited from hydrogeologists with strength and research interests, graduate and undergraduate Classification 1st month (same ad) in environmental geophysics or low temperature geo- THE WIENER LABORATORY OF THE transcripts, and three reference letters to: Dr. chemistry. Teaching responsibilities will include grad- AMERICA SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES Lawrence L. Malinconico, Jr., Department of Geology Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 uate and undergraduate courses in hydrogeology, AT ATHENS, GREECE, DIRECTOR and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 courses in the area of specialization, and supervision Applications are invited for the position of Director of Easton, PA 18042-1768. Women and minorities are Consultants $6.50 $5.50 of graduate students. We expect to fill this position at the Wiener Laboratory of the American School of encouraged to apply. We will interview candidates at Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 the assistant professor level, but rank and salary are Classical Studies at Athens, Greece. Applicants the Geological Society of America meeting in New Opportunities for Students negotiable. The successful applicant will be expected should have an area of expertise in one of the pri- Orleans, LA. However, applications will be accepted first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 to begin his/her duties at the begining of the fall mary areas of the Lab's research programs (geoar- until December 31, 1995, or until the position is filled. additional lines $1.35 $2.35 semester, 1996. chaeology, human skeletal analysis, zooarchaeol- An equal opportunity employer. Code number: $2.75 extra Formerly the Southwest Center of Advanced ogy) with an established publication record and Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas was demonstrated administrative and fund raising abili- Agencies and organizations may submit purchase established in 1969. UTD has an international repu- ties. A strong background in natural science, experi- Services & Supplies order or payment with copy. Individuals must send tation for its research. The Programs in Geosciences ence in collaborating with archaeological and Classi- prepayment with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 currently have 14 faculty, 3 technical support staff, 5 cal scholars, and a commitment to Aegean LEATHER FIELD CASES. Free brochure, SHERER characters per line, including all punctuation and research scientists, 4 post-docs, and a full comple- archaeology is desired. Under the supervision of the CUSTOM SADDLES, INC., P.O. Box 385, Dept. GN, blank spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capi- ment of analytical equipment and computers. There Director of the School, the Director of the lab is Franktown, CO 80116. tals, centered copy, or special characters. are approximately 78 graduate and 50 undergradu- responsible for developing and administering the ate students enrolled in a full range of degree pro- research and workshop programs, collections, and To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, grams including BA, BS, MS, and Ph.D. facilities of the Lab as well as maintaining and GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO Applicants must possess a Ph.D. at the time of enlarging established networks with other laborato- Opportunities for Students 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within appointment. All applicants should send a resume ries and institutions. He/she chairs the local adminis- Graduate Study in Earth-Surface Pprocesses as 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. and a concise statement describing their areas of trative committee and an international science advi- Complex Systems. An emerging field at the bound- teaching and research interests. They should also sory committee. Salary ($30,000Ð$40,000) ary between physics and geomorphology, the appli- provide the names, addresses, and telephone and commensurate with rank and experience; housing cation of the methods of nonlinear dynamics and FAX numbers of at least three references who can allowance; qualified for TIAA/CREF after two years if complex systems to physical processes and patterns attest to their teaching and research capabilities. not previously enrolled. Term 1 July 1996 to 30 June Situations Wanted in the environment, is the focus of a research pro- Review of applications will begin on January 15, 1999, eligibility for renewal. Deadline for applications gram at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary PH.D. IN GEOLOGY with postdoc experience and 1996, and continue until position is filled. Applica- is 15 November 1995. Applicants must include a let- Physics, University of California, San Diego. Specific good publication record is looking for research/teach- tions should be forwarded to the Chair, Search ter concerning his/her views on the future direction of research topics include the nonlinear dynamics of ing position. Research interests include geochronol- #2022, The University of Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box the Wiener Laboratory, a curriculum vitae, and beach forms and patterns; waves in the surf zone; ogy (its applications to various geological problems), 830688, Richardson, TX 75083-0688. The University names of three references that may be contacted. formation of ripples, dunes, and other landform pat- morphotectonics, regional geology of Gondwana, of Texas at Dallas is an equal opportunity/affirmative Application materials should be sent to the search terns; ice-induced segregation in frozen ground; and Tethyan orogenies and Asia. Please reply to GSA action employer and encourages applications from committee chair: Professor George Rapp, Jr., Direc- the flow of granular materials in the transport of sedi- Box 1060, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301- women and members of minority groups. tor, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Min- ment. Opportunities exist for the use of theory, com- 9140. nesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA. Phone (218)726- puter simulation and/or field experimentation to INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON 7629. Fax: 218-726-6979. investigate these and other phenomena. Students The Department of Geological Sciences at Indiana with a background in physics, geophysics or engi- University, Bloomington, invites applications for a IGNEOUS PETROLOGY neering and an interet in nonlinear dynamics and in tenure-track assistant professorship in geobiology The Department of Geology at Washington State testing theory against field data are encouraged to starting August, 1996. Research areas of particular University invites applications for a tenure-track posi- apply. For further information and for an application, interest include biodiversity, global change, paleo- tion in igneous petrology to be filled at the Assistant contact Brad Werner; Institute of Geophysics and ceanography, paleoclimatology, and evolutionary his- or Associate Professor level, beginning August 16, Upcoming Planetary Physics 0225; University of California, San tory. Candidates should have demonstrable potential 1996 or January 1, 1997. As the Department posi- Diego; La Jolla, California 92093-0225. (619) as an effective teacher and as a resarch scientist tions itself for the 21st century, we will be filling a 534-0583, [email protected]; http://bagnold. Penrose capable of developing an externally funded research number of vacancies over the next few years. For the ucsd.edu/complex_systems.html. program. current vacancy a Ph.D. in geology with an emphasis Applicants should submit a vita, summary of inter- in igneous petrology is required. Special interests in Conferences Student Opportunities in Hydrologic Science at ests in research and teaching, and names and Cordilleran magmatism, isotopic dating, or volcanic hazards will be given preference. Postdoctoral Duke University. Fellowships, research assis- research experience is desirable at the Assistant tantships and teaching assistantships are available Professor level and an active externally funded to highly qualified Ph.D. students through the Center research program with a substantial publication for Hydrologic Science. Eleven faculty participate in October 1995 record in refereed journals is expected at the Associ- the Center and Ph.D. degrees for hydrology students October 6–11, ate Professor level. The successful candidate will be are awarded in Civil and Environmental Engineering, expected to: teach introductory-level undergraduate Environmental Science, Geology and Mathematics. Mesozoic Evolution of the geoscience courses and undergraduate/graduate For further information on graduate study in hydro- Cordilleran Continental igneous petrology, supervise M.S. and Ph.D. candi- logic sciences at Duke University contact: Stuart dates, develop and maintain an externally-funded Rojstaczer, Director, Center for Hydrologic Science, Margin in Central and research program, collaborate in research projects Box 90230, 106 Old Chemistry, Duke University, with other WSU faculty, and make use of extensive, Durham, NC 27708; (919) 681-8160; FAX 919- Southern California, modern analytical facilities available in the depart- 684-5833; [email protected]; Web site Tehachapi, California. ment including EMP, XRD, XRF, ICP/MS, SI/MS. http://www.geo.duke.edu/hydro.htm. Applications, indicating the level for which you are Information: Andrew Barth, applying, and including a statement describing JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellowships. JOI/U.S. Department of Geology, research and teaching interests, resume, and the Science Advisory Committee is seeking doctoral can- names and addresses of four referees should be didates of unusual promise and ability who are Indiana/Purdue University, sent to: Professor Peter R. Hooper, Chair, Search enrolled at U.S. institutions to conduct research com- Committee, Department of Geology, Washington patible with that of the Ocean Drilling Program. Both Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132, State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2812, (509) one-year and two-year fellowships are available. The (317) 274-1243, E-mail: 335-3009, e-mail: [email protected]. award is $20,000 per year to be used for stipend, To ensure consideration, applications should be tuition, benefits, research costs and incidental travel, [email protected]. received by January 1, 1996. Washington State Uni- if any. Applicants are encouraged to propose innova- versity is an equal opportunity educator and tive and imaginative projects. Research may be employer; women and minorities are encouraged to directed toward the objectives of a specific leg or to October 14–20, apply. broader themes. Proposals and applications should be submitted to the JOI office according to the follow- The Argentine Pre- ing schedule: Shorebased Research: 11/15/95 cordillera: A Laurentian (regardless of DSDP or ODP leg). For more information and to receive an application Terrane?, San Juan, contact: JOI/USSAC Ocean Drilling Fellowship Pro- gram, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., 1755 Argentina. Information: Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 800, Washington, Ian W. D. Dalziel, Institute for Mt. Eden Books DC 20036-2102 (Andrea Johnson; Tel: (202) 232-3900, ext. 213; Internet: [email protected]). Geophysics, University of Texas & at Austin, 8701 N. Mopac Expy., Bindery Austin, TX 78759-8397, (512) 471-0341, Specializing in out-of- fax 512-471-8844, print and rare books in NEW! WATER-BASED E-mail: [email protected]. the GEOLOGICAL HEAVY LIQUID FOR SCIENCES. Including YOUR LABORATORY: April 1996 USGS publications, ● Methylene Iodide (MI-GEE Brand) Density 3.32 April 16–21, ● Bromoform Density 2.85 general geology, ▲ Tectonic Evolution of the ● NEW Sodiumpolytungstate Density 2,89Ð mining, paleontology, New Water-Based Heavy Liquid Gulf of California and its ● geophysics, hydrology, Acetylene Tetrabromide Density 2,96 Margins, Loreto, Baja Califor- Our products are used by most mineralogical labs in the U.S. mineralogy, etc. and around the world. Send for Bulletin 32 and the latest price nia Sur, Mexico. Information: list of most useful heavy liquids. Paul J. Umhoefer, Department FREE CATALOG GEOLIQUIDS Inc. of Geology, Box 4099, North- 15 E. Palatine Rd., Suite 109 ern Arizona University, Flagstaff, P.O. 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GSA TODAY, October 1995 211 GSA OFFERS YOU MORE JOURNAL CHOICES INCLUDING APPLIED SCIENCES

MONTHLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY GSA RESEARCH TOPICAL & CONCISE APPLIED SCIENCES Annual Meeting NOVEMBER 6–9, 1995

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA Environmental & Engineering Geoscience* A joint, GSA Bulletin quarterly publication of the Association of Engineering An authoritative science journal covering active Geology Applied Geologists (AEG) and the Geological Society of America research areas in the earth Undoubtedly the most Hydrogeology* (GSA). Includes refereed sciences. Publishes 8–12 popular and widely read Quarterly journal of the articles on applied topics in refereed research articles each general geological journal in International Association of the environmental and month. The Bulletin’s 100+ print, each month bringing Hydrogeologists (IAH), hydrological geosciences, year record of regularly you 20 or more refereed available to GSA members at and special features like the publishing important research articles that are concise (4- the IAH-member price. developments reflects the Geology of Cities series; page maximum), current, and Features peer-reviewed evolution of the modern technical notes on current thought provoking, covering papers in theoretical and geological sciences. Articles topics; a comment and reply a wide range of geological applied hydrogeology. span terrestrial to marine and forum; memorials to subjects, including new Published in English, with modern to ancient enviorn- geologists of note; book investigations. The Geology abstracts also in French and ments, integrating chemical, reviews; and biographies on Forum provides an arena for Spanish. Describes world- physical, and biological well-known geologists in the stimulating reader comments wide progress in the science information to unravel Earth’s applied fields. It will feature and responses on the articles. and provides an affordable processes, history, and future. new theory, applications, About 1150 pages annually. and widely accessible forum The Discussion and Reply and case histories illustrating Profusely illustrated, includes for scientists, researchers, section provides for lively the dynamics of the fast- color and occasional large engineers, and practitioners. debate on current topics. growing, environmental and inserts. The full-color covers Papers integrate subsurface About 1700 pages annually. applied disciplines. Co-edited Illustrations are profuse and are exceptional geological hydrology and geology with by AEG and GSA. include full-color covers and studies in themselves. supporting disciplines. occasional large-format inserts. *MEMBERS OF IAH AND AEG RECEIVE THE RESPECTIVE JOURNALS AS PART OF THEIR Technical Program DUES AND SHOULD NOT ORDER FROM GSA. Information GSA Members: if you have not yet renewed your subscriptions for 1995 call Membership ◆ See September Services at 1-800-472-1988 or E-mail [email protected]. Nonmembers contact our GSA Today Subscriptions Department at the address and phone below or E-mail [email protected]. Program on the World Wide Web

◆ URL 3300 Penrose Place ¥ P.O. Box 9140 ¥ Boulder, Colorado 80301 http://www.aescon. 800-472-1988 ¥ 303-447-2020 ¥ fax 303-447-1133 com/geosociety/index. html GSA JOURNALS ON COMPACT DISC A CD-ROM publication of the Geological Society of America. Published since 1992, each annual disc For Registration, contains an entire year of articles from GSA Bulletin, Geology, and GSA Today, plus the current year’s GSA Housing, and Data Repository, and a Retrospective Electronic Index to GSA’s journal articles published since 1972. Users can search the full ASCII text of all articles, or view, print, or export from them. Scanned, graphical Program page-images of all articles are also included, linked to the ASCII text; users can view or print these. High- Information resolution versions of all b&w and color photographs are provided, linked to the ASCII text, to overcome the low quality of these photos on the scanned pages. Starting in 1995, publication frequency changes to ◆ twice annually, and new technology greatly improves the photos on the scanned pages. The Data Repository, See June GSA Today and any inserts, are available only as scanned images without ASCII text. GSA Journals on CD is available for both Call: 1-800-472-1988, DOS and Macintosh as follows: ■ JCD001. 2-year, 2-CD introductory package (1992 & ISSN 1052-5173 ext. 133 1993), 6,000+ pgs. Available immediately. Net price: GSA SECOND CLASS Members $99, all others $125. The Geological Society of America Postage Paid E-mail: meetings@ ■ JCD004. 1-year, 1-CD (1994), 3,000+ pgs. Available geosociety.org February, 1995. Net price: GSA Members $99, all others 3300 Penrose Place at Boulder, Colorado $125. P.O. Box 9140 and at additional mailing offices ■ JCD005. 1-year, 2-CDs (1995), 3,000+ pgs. First six- Boulder, CO 80301 month-CD available July 1995; complete annual CD avail- able February 1996. Net price: GSA Members $89, all oth- ers $125. This edition available in Windows version, also. UNSURE? A free demonstration diskette is available for DOS- based PCs showing in detail the operation of the CD — screens, menus, graphics, with many descriptive comments. Call or write for a copy. 1-800-472-1988 303-447-2020; fax 303-447-1133 Indicate DOS or Macintosh platform when ordering. JOIN THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION WITH GSA!