Regulatory Considerations Surrounding the Deployment of Bt-Expressing Cowpea in Africa Report of the Deliberations of an Expert Panel
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5.Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania Somnifera.Pdf
Molecular Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-018-0070-y ORIGINAL PAPER Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania somnifera Against Lepidopteran and Hemipteran Pest Blessan Santhosh George1 · S. Silambarasan2 · K. Senthil2 · John Prasanth Jacob2 · Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta1 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with wide array of functions including plant defense against pathogens and insect pests. In the present study, a putative mannose-binding lectin (WsMBP1) of 1124 bp was isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera. The gene was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant WsMBP1 with a predicted molecular weight of 31 kDa was tested for its insecticidal properties against Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) and Probergrothius sanguinolens (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Delay in growth and metamorphosis, decreased larval body mass and increased mortality was recorded in recombinant WsMBP1-fed larvae. Histological studies on the midgut of lectin-treated insects showed disrupted and difused secretory cells surrounding the gut lumen in larvae of H. puera and P. sanguinolens, implicating its role in disruption of the digestive process and nutrient assimilation in the studied insect pests. The present study indicates that WsMBP1 can act as a potential gene resource in future transformation programs for incorporating insect pest tolerance in susceptible plant genotypes. Keywords Insecticidal lectin · Mannose binding · Secretory cells · Teak defoliator Introduction and sugar-containing substances, without altering covalent structure of any glycosyl ligands. They possess two or more Plants possess complex defense mechanisms to counter carbohydrate-binding sites [27] and display an enormous attacks by pathogens and parasites, ranging from viruses diversity in their sequence, biological activity and mono- or to animal predators. -
A PARASITOID of the BEAN Flow Er Thrips Megalurothrips
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh QL568.E3 D63 blthrC.l G364086 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh THE BIOLOGY OF CERANISUS MENES (WALKER) (HYM., EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE BEAN F lo w e r t h r ip s megalurothrips s j o s t e d t i (TRYBOM) (THYS., THRIPIDAE):A COMPARISON BtTWEEN AFRICAN AND ASIAN POPULATIONS BY KHADYDIOP University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh THE BIOLOGY OF CERANISUS MENES (WALKER) (HYM., EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE BEAN FLOWER THRIPS MEGALUROTHRIPS SJOSTEDTI (TRYBOM) (THYS., THRIPIDAE): A COMPARISON BETWEEN AFRICAN AND ASIAN POPULATIONS A thesis submitted to the Department of Crop Science of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Science (Entomology) By Khady DIOP B. Sc. (Entomology) University of California, Riverside (USA) Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, September, 1999. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Crop Science (Entomology) is the result of my own investigations and has not been submitted for a similar degree in any other University. Khady Diop Professor J. N. Ayertey University Supervisor IITA supervisor University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Dedication To my mother Nafy Gueye. To my two adoptive mothers, Khady Diagne and Awa Gueye, peace on them University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Abstract Cowpea is an important food crop in Africa, but suffers from a variety of insect pests. -
Floral Volatiles from Vigna Unguiculata Are Olfactory and Gustatory Stimulants for Oviposition by the Bean Pod Borer Moth Maruca Vitrata
Article Floral Volatiles from Vigna unguiculata Are Olfactory and Gustatory Stimulants for Oviposition by the Bean Pod Borer Moth Maruca vitrata Bo Feng 1, Kai Qian 1 and Yong-Jun Du 1,2,* 1 Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; [email protected] (B.F.); [email protected] (K.Q.) 2 Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-571-88982517 Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 8 March 2017; Accepted: 6 June 2017; Published: 9 June 2017 Abstract: We investigated the role of floral odors from cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), in mediating oviposition of the bean pod borer moth, Maruca vitrata, a serious pest of grain legumes that flies to host plants at the flowering stage and oviposits onto flowers and buds. The flower of the host plant V. unguiculata was a stimulus for egg-laying by M. vitrata in an oviposition bioassay. Commercial longifolene, β-caryophyllene, linalool, geraniol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were used as stimulus. Each one elicited dose-dependent electroantennogram responses in female M. vitrata, and all but longifolene stimulated oviposition, when presented singly. Beta-caryophyllene was the most active stimulant, similar to that of the flower of V. unguiculata, and eliciting a dose-dependent oviposition response. Either olfaction or gustation was sufficient to mediate an oviposition response to V. unguiculata floral volatiles: intact M. vitrata responded to β-caryophyllene whether or not they could contact the source of the volatiles, and females with amputated antennae responded if allowed to contact the source. -
Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities. -
Resistance to Legume Pod Borer (Maruca Vitrata Fabricius) in Cowpea: Genetic Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Journal of Crop Improvement ISSN: 1542-7528 (Print) 1542-7536 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wcim20 Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Eric Etchikinto Agoyi, Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan, Samson Hospice Sossou, Cherif Mamadou, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo & Daouda Kone To cite this article: Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Eric Etchikinto Agoyi, Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan, Samson Hospice Sossou, Cherif Mamadou, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo & Daouda Kone (2020) Resistance to legume pod borer (Marucavitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects, Journal of Crop Improvement, 34:2, 238-267, DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 Published online: 29 Oct 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 211 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=wcim20 JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT 2020, VOL. 34, NO. 2, 238–267 https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1680471 Resistance to legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) in cowpea: genetic advances, challenges, and future prospects Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji a,b, Symphorien Agbahoungbaa, Simon- Pierre Assanvo Nguettab, Eric Etchikinto -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Constant Neuropilar Ratio in the Insect Brain Alexey A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Constant neuropilar ratio in the insect brain Alexey A. Polilov* & Anastasia A. Makarova Revealing scaling rules is necessary for understanding the morphology, physiology and evolution of living systems. Studies of animal brains have revealed both general patterns, such as Haller’s rule, and patterns specifc for certain animal taxa. However, large-scale studies aimed at studying the ratio of the entire neuropil and the cell body rind in the insect brain have never been performed. Here we performed morphometric study of the adult brain in 37 insect species of 26 families and ten orders, ranging in volume from the smallest to the largest by a factor of more than 4,000,000, and show that all studied insects display a similar ratio of the volume of the neuropil to the cell body rind, 3:2. Allometric analysis for all insects shows that the ratio of the volume of the neuropil to the volume of the brain changes strictly isometrically. Analyses within particular taxa, size groups, and metamorphosis types also reveal no signifcant diferences in the relative volume of the neuropil; isometry is observed in all cases. Thus, we establish a new scaling rule, according to which the relative volume of the entire neuropil in insect brain averages 60% and remains constant. Large-scale studies of animal proportions supposedly started with the publication D’Arcy Wentworth Tompson’s book Growth and Forms1. In fact, the frst studies on the subject appeared long before the book (e.g.2), but it was Tomson’s work that laid the foundations for this discipline, which, following the studies of Julian Huxley 3,4, became a major fundamental and applied area of science5–8. -
Releases of Parasitoids (Ceranisus Spp.) As Biological Control Agents of Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis) in Experimental Glasshouses
Bulletin of Insectology 59 (2): 85-97, 2006 ISSN 1721-8861 Releases of parasitoids (Ceranisus spp.) as biological control agents of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) in experimental glasshouses 1,3 2,3 2,3 1 Antoon J. M. LOOMANS , Jan TOLSMA , Joan J. FRANSEN , Joop C. VAN LENTEREN 1Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2Applied Plant Research (PPO-WUR), Aalsmeer, The Netherlands 3Current address: Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract Experimental releases were performed to investigate the potential of thrips parasitoids as biological control agents of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Strains of two larval parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Cerani- sus menes (Walker) (a strain from France and from Brazil) and Ceranisus americensis (Girault) (Arizona strain), were released in different commercial greenhouse crops. In all crops only traces of parasitism were recorded. In an experimental rose crop (cv. 'Frisco'), releases were made of two parasitoid species, C. menes (a French strain) and C. americensis (Arizona strain) in two separate greenhouse compartments. An account is given on the release, dispersal, establishment, population dynamics and control capacity of both parasitoid species. Parasitoids spread readily and established themselves throughout the crops, but releases did not result in reduction of thrips during a five month period. Rates of parasitism stayed lower than 10% throughout the season, re- sulting in severe damage of the rose crop. The potential of parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests in ornamental crops is discussed. Key words: Frankliniella occidentalis, Ceranisus menes, Ceranisus americensis, ornamentals, dispersal, control capacity, glasshouse. Introduction even a zero-tolerance is the standard. -
Population Dynamics of Maruca Vitrata on Pigeonpea in Coastal Andhra
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(4): 1631-1632 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Population dynamics of Maruca vitrata on JEZS 2018; 6(4): 1631-1632 © 2018 JEZS pigeonpea in coastal Andhra Pradesh Received: 05-05-2018 Accepted: 06-06-2018 B Haritha B Haritha, CV Rama Rao and V Srinivasa Rao Department of Entomology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Abstract Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Pulses are the major protein supplements in human nutrition. Pulse crops also called grain legumes, have been valued as food, fodder and feed in the Indian agriculture centuries, but they have rather a very low Andhra Pradesh, India profile compared to cereals. The studies conducted on population dynamics of Maruca vitrata on st CV Rama Rao pigeonpea revealed that the incidence of Maruca vitrata was noticed from 51 standard week (1.75 No’s) Department of Entomology, with peak incidence in 2nd standard week (14.54 No’s) and it was reduced to 1.01 No’s on 6th standard Acharya N.G. Ranga week. All the weather variables (maximum and minimum temperature, morning and evening relative Agricultural University, humidity and rainfall) together accounted for 82.1%variation in larval population which was significan. Agricultural College, Bapatla, Only minimum temperature showed significant influence independently on variation in larval population. Andhra Pradesh, India Keywords: Maruca vitrata, pigeonpea, minimum temperature, population, relative humidity V Srinivasa Rao Department of Entomology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Introduction Agricultural University, Pulses are source of protein in human diet in India. The protein content varies from 20 to 30 Agricultural College, Bapatla, per cent and is almost three times that of cereals. -
Chalcid Forum Chalcid Forum
ChalcidChalcid ForumForum A Forum to Promote Communication Among Chalcid Workers Volume 23. February 2001 Edited by: Michael E. Schauff, E. E. Grissell, Tami Carlow, & Michael Gates Systematic Entomology Lab., USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History Washington, D.C. 20560-0168 http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov (see Research and Documents) minutes as she paced up and down B. sarothroides stems Editor's Notes (both living and partially dead) antennating as she pro- gressed. Every 20-30 seconds, she would briefly pause to Welcome to the 23rd edition of Chalcid Forum. raise then lower her body, the chalcidoid analog of a push- This issue's masthead is Perissocentrus striatululus up. Upon approaching the branch tips, 1-2 resident males would approach and hover in the vicinity of the female. created by Natalia Florenskaya. This issue is also Unfortunately, no pre-copulatory or copulatory behaviors available on the Systematic Ent. Lab. web site at: were observed. Naturally, the female wound up leaving http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov. We also now have with me. available all the past issues of Chalcid Forum avail- The second behavior observed took place at Harshaw able as PDF documents. Check it out!! Creek, ~7 miles southeast of Patagonia in 1999. Jeremiah George (a lepidopterist, but don't hold that against him) and I pulled off in our favorite camping site near the Research News intersection of FR 139 and FR 58 and began sweeping. I knew that this area was productive for the large and Michael W. Gates brilliant green-blue O. tolteca, a parasitoid of Pheidole vasleti Wheeler (Formicidae) brood. -
Biological Control of Insect Pests by Augmentative Release of Parasitoids
Biological control of insect pests by augmentative release of parasitoids: case study of the millet head miner and the parasitoid wasps Habrobracon hebetor in West Africa Malick Ba1, Baoua I., Amadou L., Kabore A., Ndiaye M., Karimoune L., Sarr I., Dabire L.C., Muniappan R. 1ICRISAT-Niger, Email: [email protected] The pest: the millet head miner • Heliocheilus albipunctella is a univoltine species • Female laid eggs on the spikelet and floral peduncles of newly exerted pearl millet heads • Developing larvae feed on the spike • They chew between the rachis and flowers and cut floral peduncles, The pest: the millet head miner • As the larvae developed, they lift the destroyed flowers or developing grains, leaving a characteristic spiral pattern on the millet head. • Damage to the crop is due to larvae that feed on the panicle and prevent grain formation. • Typical yield losses range from 40 to 85% • Almost every year, the MHM causes significant damage to pearl millet in the Sahel region Why biological control of the Millet head miner? • Other control means are either not applicable or inefficient • Effective biocontrol agents are available • The braconidae parasitoid wasp Habrobracon (=Bracon) hebetor Say naturally inflicted significant mortality to MHM. • H. hebetor can be easily mass reared The biocontrol agent: Habrobracon hebetor • It is a minute parasitic wasp of the Braconidae family • H. hebetor is a larval ectoparasitoid of several species of pyralids • Stored product insects: Plodia interpunctella, Cadra cautella, Ephestia kuehniella; Corcyra cephalonica; Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, Galleria mellonella. • Field insect pests: Helicoverpa armigera; Spodoptera species; Earias vittella; Maruca vitrata; Diatraea saccharalis; Cydia leucostoma; Pempelia morosalis; Opisina arenosella, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, Palpita unionalis, Heliocheilus albipunctella H. -
Description of the Male Ceranisus Americensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
PAN·PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 72(3): 168-170, (1996) Scientific Note DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF CERANISUS AMERICENSIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) Members of the genus Ceranisus Walker (Eulophidae, subfamily Entedoninae) are solitary, internal parasitoids of immature stages of thrips (Thysanoptera). The Nearctic species of Ceranisus have been recently revised (Triapitsyn, S. V. & D. H. Headrick. 1995. Trans. Am. Entomo!. Soc., 121(4): 227-248). However, this revision lacks a description of the male of Ceranisus americensis (Girault), a common parasitoid of flower thrips, Frankliniella spp., in North America. The importance of C. americensis as a biological control agent against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Greene, 1. & M. Parrella. Green house Grower, Dec 1992: 69-72, as Ceranisus sp.), warrants complete taxonomic knowledge of this parasitoid species. Ceranisus americensis, originally described as a Thripoctenus (Girault, A. A. 1917. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 53(2213): 445-450), was known only from females until recently, when Robert Zuparko sent several Ceranisus specimens to us for a possible species identification. This material, collected in California in 1964, contained females of C. americensis along with two males that we consider as being conspecific. Despite sexual dimorphism in some antennal structures com mon among Ceranisus spp. (i.e., a swollen scape and a 3-segmented club in males and a slender scape and a 2-segmented club in females), both female and male C. americensis share similar funicular characters: Fl is small and usually lacking sensilla whereas F2 is much larger than Fl and bears several sensilla (Fig. 1). , Figures 1-3. Ceranisus americensis (Girault), male.