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LA DIMENSIÓN HUMANA DE LA ARQUITECTURA DE ALDO VAN EYCK Escrita Y Construida: Reconocimiento De Sus Ideas Y Estudio De Su Iglesia En La Haya

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LA DIMENSIÓN HUMANA DE LA ARQUITECTURA DE ALDO VAN EYCK Escrita Y Construida: Reconocimiento De Sus Ideas Y Estudio De Su Iglesia En La Haya TESIS DOCTORAL CON MENCIÓN INTERNACIONAL LA DIMENSIÓN HUMANA DE LA ARQUITECTURA DE ALDO VAN EYCK Escrita y Construida: Reconocimiento de sus ideas y Estudio de su iglesia en La Haya DOCTORAL THESIS WITH INTERNATIONAL MENTION ALDO VAN EYCK’S HUMAN DIMENSION OF ARCHITECTURE Written and Built: Recognition of his ideas and Study of his church in The Hague D. Jose Fernández-Llebrez Muñoz, doctorando D. Eduardo de Miguel Arbonés, director D. Jose María Fran Bretones, director UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ARQUITECTURA DEPARTAMENTO DE CONSTRUCCIONES ARQUITECTÓNICAS Valencia, febrero de 2013 Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, el día ................................................................ Presidente D. ......................................................................................... Vocal Dª. ......................................................................................... Vocal D. ......................................................................................... Vocal D. ......................................................................................... Secretario D. ......................................................................................... Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de Tesis el día ......................................................................................... en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia Calificación ......................................................................................... EL PRESIDENTE EL SECRETARIO LOS VOCALES A mi sobrina, a mis padres, a mi abuelita. AGRADECIMIENTOS A pesar de tratarse de un trabajo eminentemente personal, no hubiera sido posible llevar a cabo esta tesis doctoral sin el apoyo de un buen número de personas que, en diferente modo y grado pero siempre desde la generosidad, me han ido acompañando durante todo este camino. Mi más sincero agradecimiento a todos ellos y mis disculpas si alguno de vosotros no quedase debidamente reflejado a continuación. Tan sólo debido a esta acumulación de experiencias personales me considero alguien afortunado. Quisiera darle las gracias en primer lugar a mi director de tesis, Eduardo de Miguel, por su apoyo profesional y personal; por obsequiarme con su punto de vista sobre mi trabajo; por ayudarme a llegar hasta donde yo pensaba que no era capaz. A Jose María Fran, mi otro director, por su confianza ciega en mí y en mi trabajo; por su punto de vista constructivo; por permanecer tranquilo en los momentos críticos. Gracias a la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia por permitirme desarrollar mis diferentes estancias en los Países Bajos. Primero a través de la “LLP-Programa Erasmus. Programa de Enseñanza” (Movilidad para personal docente con cargo al Programa de la Unión Europea de Aprendizaje Permanente “STA”), gestionado por el Vicerrectorado de Relaciones Internacionales y Cooperación (VRIC), que financió mi invitación docente en la Hogeschool van Amsterdam. Y segundo a través del “programa de Apoyo a la Carrera Académica del Profesorado” promovido por el Vicerrectorado de Profesorado y Ordenación Académica (VPOA), que posibilitó acometer mi estancia investigadora en la Delft University of Technology. En este sentido, gracias en especial a Mónica García Melón, jefa de Área del VPOA, por la manera impecable de desarrollar su trabajo y por su impagable apoyo personal. A la Hogeschool van Amsterdam por su invitación a participar como profesor invitado en la asignatura Studio for Urban Regeneration. Focus on post-war housing and architecture, durante enero de 2011, y en especial al profesor Erik Anton de Graaf, por su magnífico trato y hospitalidad. A la Delft University of Technology por su invitación para disfrutar de una estancia investigadora prolongada (guest position), desarrollada principalmente y de modo ininterrumpido entre mayo y octubre de 2011. Gracias a Dick van Gameren, director del Department of Architecture por ser mi supervisor; a Max Risselada por el lujo de disfrutar de su sabiduría y su amistoso trato; al resto de compañeros del departamento; a mis queridos bibliotecarios de la Escuela; y de forma muy especial al profesor Dirk van den Heuvel, magnífico investigador y mejor amigo, porque nunca podré agradecerle lo suficiente su apoyo incondicional y desinteresado. Gracias a Hannie van Eyck, Julyan Wickman, Pola Wickman van Eyck, y en general a toda la familia de Aldo van Eyck, por abrirme las puertas de su casa y su corazón y permitirme formar parte de su mundo. En cualquier caso, mi cariño y agradecimiento más especial está dedicado a su hija Tess, por confiar en mí, por autorizarme a utilizar la maravillosa documentación original del archivo de modo desinteresado, por el tiempo y atenciones dedicados, por permitirme pasar tantas horas en aquella maravillosa casa-estudio, y por hacer que me sintiera más cerca que nunca de su padre; por hacer que me sintiera como en casa. Gracias al crítico e investigador Francis Strauven por permitirme aprender de él y por sus inestimables atenciones, desde responder a cada uno de mis e-mails hasta recibirme en su casa en Bélgica. Gracias por compartir conmigo su sabiduría y puntos de vista; por acercarme a Tess van Eyck; por sus consejos tan valiosos como desinteresados. Gracias también al Obispado de Róterdam por autorizarme a consultar todo el material original de su propiedad concerniente al proyecto de la iglesia Pastoor Van Ars de Aldo van Eyck. Y por supuesto, mi más sincero agradecimiento a todas las personas al cargo de la parroquia. La administradora José Ten Bergé y el párroco Louis J.W. Berger, por su amabilidad y por permitirme trabajar durante semanas dentro de la propia iglesia, y por las largas conversaciones mantenidas conmigo. Y de un modo muy especial a mis amigas las religiosas que allí residen y cuidan de todo: la hermana María Madre del Verbo Encarnado Alba Randle, la hermana María Madre Santa Centeno, la hermana María Mirakel van Amsterdam Bär y la hermana María Foederis Arca Bolwerk. Todas ellas me hicieron sentir como uno más, dejándome participar incluso de su vida cotidiana en la casa parroquial de la iglesia. Gracias a la arquitecta neerlandesa Madeleine Steigenga por acompañarme e introducirme en el Archivo Municipal de La Haya (Dienst Stedelijke ontwikkeling Inzage bouwtekeningen); y gracias por supuesto al personal de aquellas oficinas de Loosduinseweg 13 t/m 17 (La Haya) por permitirme consultar todo lo relativo al proyecto de Pastoor Van Ars, y por las facilidades y el buen trato dispensados. A George Arbidu, de la Universidad Americana de El Líbano, por las conversaciones mantenidas al respecto de la iglesia en La Haya, en ocasiones tan inspiradoras. A la profesora de la Facultad de Arquitectura de La Habana, Mariví Zardoya, por su incuestionable ayuda; por regalarme su amistad. A la arquitecta y responsable de la oficina de Relaciones Internacionales de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la UPV, Paula Cardells, por su profesionalidad y por su implicación personal. Gracias por darme la llave para iniciar mi ‘aventura holandesa’, porque sin ti sencillamente no hubiera sido posible. Gracias a las mejores bibliotecarias del mundo, Raquel Fernández Robas y Nuria Ortega Payá, de la Biblioteca del Colegio Territorial de Arquitectos de Valencia, por su apoyo incondicional en todo momento, más personal incluso que profesional. Y gracias también al equipo del Centro de Información Arquitectónica (CIA) de la ETSAV, Amparo, Esther, María José y Pilar, por la ayuda y las facilidades prestadas. A Manuel Valcuende, director del departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas de la ETSAV, por su apoyo constante a mi carrera académica. Y a Maite y Toni, de la secretaría del departamento, por todas sus atenciones conmigo. Me resulta imposible no acordarme de mi querida y respetada Carmen Jordá, por guiar mis primeros pasos en la universidad, y porque lo bueno que pudiera haber en la orientación inicial de mi trayectoria investigadora, con total seguridad se lo debo a ella. Gracias también a Déborah Domingo Calabuig, porque no hubiera podido tener una mejor directora del trabajo de investigación del doctorado. A mis amigas Katy y Jay por su apoyo personal y por supervisarme las traducciones al inglés. A mis queridos Jaime y Mª Carmen, por su cariño y por enseñarme a maquetar de un modo más profesional y productivo. A Manolo López-Pintor, por ayudarme tan amable como desinteresadamente a sacarle partido a algunas de las imágenes aportadas en la tesis. A Elena, Coralia, Carla, Silvia, Mariema y Gema, por ser de vital importancia en mi vida. Y por último y de un modo especial, a Alicia Adelantado Fernández, actual curator del Aldo van Eyck Archive, estupenda arquitecta y mejor amiga, y sin duda la persona que de un modo más directo y generoso me ha ayudado en todo el proceso de la tesis. Gracias de corazón porque sin ti no sé si no hubiera podido ser, pero desde luego no hubiera sido lo mismo. RESUMEN El protagonista fundamental de esta tesis doctoral es Aldo van Eyck. Mención aparte del interés suscitado por el conjunto de su trayectoria profesional y por su propia figura, la principal motivación del presente trabajo consiste en aproximarse a la visión que el maestro holandés tenía de la relación que se establece entre ‘arquitectura’ y ‘sociedad’ o, más específicamente, de cómo los arquitectos pueden (y deben) introducir mejoras significativas en los modos de vida de las personas (usuarios). Es decir, la tesis
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