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DETERMINATION of HYDRAULIC and TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS of THREE WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS in JAMAICA by MONICA ANNMARIE G

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DETERMINATION of HYDRAULIC and TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS of THREE WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS in JAMAICA by MONICA ANNMARIE G DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC AND TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS IN JAMAICA by MONICA ANNMARIE GRAY (Under the Direction of MATTHEW C. SMITH) ABSTRACT The ability to reliably predict the fluid flow through a pond and relate these hydraulic characteristics to pond treatment performance is clearly very a valuable tool to the design engineer and treatment system operation manager. Therefore, once the retention time, removal efficiency and dispersion coefficient are determined then the appropriate flow equation (Plug, Complete mixed or Dispersed Flow) can be used to predict the degree of treatment of incoming pollutants. Dye tracing, using Rhodamine WT and Fluorescein to determine retention time and dispersion coefficient was attempted. Due to dye quenching, the dye tracing had to be abandoned and two analytic methods were used instead to determine the hydraulic characteristics. It was found that up to 80% of the BOD was removed with a retention time of approximately 4.9 days in the first of the three facultative ponds, with an average of 33% reduction in the other two ponds (retention time of about 2 days). INDEX WORDS: Wastewater treatment ponds, Montego Bay, Jamaica Nitrogen removal, Ammonia, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), Biochemical oxygen demand, Dye tracing, Rhodamine WT, Fluorescein, Grease Traps, Quenching. DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC AND TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE WASTEWATER STABIL IZATION PONDS IN JAMAICA by MONICA ANNMARIE GRAY B. S. , The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, 2000 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2004 © 2004 Monica Annmarie Gray All Rights Reserved DETERMINATION OF THE HYDRAULIC AND TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS IN JAMAICA by MONICA ANNMARIE GRAY Major Professor: Matthew Smith Committee: David Gattie Paul Schliekelman Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2004 iv DEDICATION To my mom, Mrs. Sevelyn Gray For the fulfillment of a dream and the result of your many prayers v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge my God for working with, in and through me, for strengthening me and for using this project to help me grow closer to Him. I am deeply grateful and completely indebted to my family (especially my Mom, Dad and Brother) and an endless list of friends (especially Grace, Grace-Ann and Ann) for their unwavering support and encouragement during the pursuit of my Master’s degree. I would like to thank Mr. Paul C. Wilson and Mr. Gladstone Wright; operation and administrative managers respectively of the North Coast Wastewater District, for allowing me the use of their system to conduct the necessary research. Special thanks to Mrs. Rosewell, Mr. Megoo, and Miss Jackie Service of the National Water Commission Laboratory (thanks for loaning me your car Jackie!). I would like to specially acknowledge Mr. Steve Smith; NWC lab technician, for his technical assistance and patience with me in the lab and above all, for his words of encouragement and blessing. Thanks to Mrs. Carol Thompson of Scientific Research Council lab, Andrew Allen, Ras, Manley, Charmaine Suckoram, Delores Barnes, Mr. Rupert Riggs, Delceta Campbell, Deon Coke, Gregory Brown, and Sackitey MateKole. Finally, I would like to thank the members of my committee, which includes Dr. Matthew Smith and Dr. David Gattie of Biological and Agricultural Engineering department and Dr. Paul Schliekelman of the department of Statistic, UGA. Thank you all! vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES, CHARTS AND PLATES....................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 7 3 METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL PLAN................................................ 65 4 RESULTS......................................................................................................... 109 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.................................................................. 225 APPENDIX 3.1 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT WORKS.......................................................... 242 3.2 WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS.................................................................. 243 4.1 RESULTS OF GREASE TRAP AUDIT........................................................... 244 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLES 2.1: Wastewater Components........................................................................................ 9 3.1: Techniques for Preservation of Samples (ISO, 1985).............................................72 3.2: Effluent Limit Required by NRCA........................................................................... 90 3.3: Influent Wastewater Characteristics....................................................................... 91 3.4: Area, Volume, and Depth of Individual Ponds ....................................................... 93 3.4: Average BOD and TSS Values, 2000-2003........................................................... 93 4.2.1: Headwork: Minimum, Maximum and Median of DO and Temperature .............. 110 4.2.2: String 1: Summary of Maximum, Minimum, Median and Average .................... 111 4.2.3: Pond F1 – Average and Median of DO and Oxygen.......................................... 112 4.2.4: Pond F1 – Minimum and Maximum Do and Temperature ................................. 112 4.2.5: Pond M1.1 - Average and Median of DO and Oxygen....................................... 113 4.2.6: Pond M1.1 - Minimum and Maximum Do and Temperature............................... 113 4.2.7: Pond M1.2 – Average and Median of DO and Oxygen ...................................... 114 4.2.8: Pond M1.2 - Minimum and Maximum Do and Temperature............................... 114 4.3.1.1: Temperature ................................................................................................... 115 4.3.1.2: Dissolved Oxygen ........................................................................................... 116 4.3.1.3: pH ................................................................................................................... 117 4.3.1.4: Specific Conductivity....................................................................................... 118 4.3.1.5: Headworks ...................................................................................................... 120 4.3.1.6: Pond F1 .......................................................................................................... 121 4.3.1.7: Pond M1.1....................................................................................................... 122 4.3.1.8: Pond M1.2....................................................................................................... 123 4.3.2.1: Temperature ................................................................................................... 125 4.3.2.2: Dissolved Oxygen ........................................................................................... 127 4.3.2.3: pH ................................................................................................................... 128 viii 4.3.2.4: Specific Conductivity....................................................................................... 129 4.3.2.5: Headwork........................................................................................................ 130 4.3.2.6: Pond F1 .......................................................................................................... 131 4.3.2.7: Pond M1.1....................................................................................................... 133 4.3.2.8: Pond M1.2....................................................................................................... 134 4.3.3.1: Temperature ................................................................................................... 136 4.3.3.2: Dissolved Oxygen ........................................................................................... 138 4.3.3.3: pH ................................................................................................................... 139 4.3.3.4: Specific Conductivity....................................................................................... 141 4.3.3.5: Headwork........................................................................................................ 142 4.3.3.6: Pond F1 .......................................................................................................... 144 4.3.3.7: Pond M1.1....................................................................................................... 145 4.3.3.8: Pond M1.2....................................................................................................... 147 4.3.4.1: Temperature ................................................................................................... 148 4.3.4.2: Dissolved Oxygen ........................................................................................... 150 4.3.4.3: pH ..................................................................................................................
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