C 1 Rotokawa Airport
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Wai 153, C1 Wai 153 C 1 Rotokawa Airport by Duncan Moore & Judi Boyd February 1995 15' 9 9 I Stream LAKE, U>jj ROTORUA .... )\ i Hannahs m I Hinemoa ~LI ____ _ :. f ,,/' of/A // ,: /---~ J-and PTJ30 /I I .lOS , I I .-\erudr"',,<" ~JIJ \. (,a: 19'"1!, 1>-' ~ \ ., r> ~(I ,~ (7.9""'-0 ...... -11'-8-'"1") 2210"- i~r I ! BCD E F G tH K L M N P z n runi ~ il :: ;; ." u: ~tr ~\j :;; ~ ;; ~ *-~ o 'y"r ::: :: :: ..~ ~ ·" w.. w ~ !i: !: ~ ·.. TOTAl..: lIi·915th:::i " :.. ..~ In · ISSUEI AMENDMENT ORIGIN DRGMNrA"PP'D DATE OrlO;n ' I.A.<L+111-tjAPP'D: MINISTRY ROTORUA AIRPORT ... · I A r 158681 Add<.ti r f.A.J. :Jt-.r.Il. ~.,...'C" 1 r,f; Desl,ned .< OF B FILe.NUMI.e.e "1<../!!>9/1 ... ",,&ecT""'->52.e.2.,O,"',4=F -1t!Ji. Drawn C;:,.'lI(.,.a.@".ofa-.f TRANSPORT :; . ~ I.~ ~c.",,- ~tWC CADASTRAL PLAN _~. Check,d 11lf.~ ~r'.,» Clrlt Recom'd .. AVIATION ~ I - I ...._ . __________~. ____._ 0>,.,. '''~ DATE' ~ .. _ of .. Dim/ON She~.t ..ih~t~IAL 4147C , 1 • 11'-/-"" Sc;alt' N.T.S, IV AI I I ~.Gt·.H~.l1 IOl'OlQ<OQ~.6o/)P'OlOto.OCIHO 1<10 n,o 1Il00 ~~" .. ,,.,.., .,;...-r _.J l-,.---.L-----L--1.,-_..:~.l_r.i __ l_____1T-l-. .041", ••• 1 • , .10 , 1 J 4 --'-y ., .------. .. 1 Rotokawa Airport Lands The main part of the airport lands were taken in 1961 under the 1928 Public Works Act; smaller acquisitions continued throughout the next two decades. The lands are now owned by Rotorua Regional Airport Ltd -in which the Crown and the Rotorua District Council have shares, and are held under Hamilton Land Transfer Office, CT 52c/128, amalgamated title, issued 25 June 1993. The lands taken include lakeshore springs which are part of the East Lake geothermal field. The questions that arise from this claim are: 11 Why was this particular piece of land chosen as an airport site? What was the selection process? Was it fair? Were other possible sites thoroughly investigated? 21 Were Maori owners adequately consulted? Were their concerns taken into account in the planning process? 31 Was the compensation award fair? 41 Was the geothermal resource discussed and were the owners' interests in it protected? 51 . Rotokawa airport was partially financed from the sale of the old airport land in Rotorua township. Had this land been gifted by Maori? 61 In the Te Maunga Railways Land Report the Tribunal stated the central issue in that, and other claims concerning land taken by proclamation under various Public Works Acts is "under what circumstances can the Crown right to govern in the public interest over-ride the Crown obligation to protect the Maori interests guaranteed in the Treaty? 1 This airport claim should also address this question. lWaitangi Tribunal Report: 7 WTR, 1994, p4 2 The Beginning An aircraft first flew into Rotorua in 1922.2 It was a seaplane but later that year another plane arrived, landed on the Arawa Park racecourse and offered flights to paying passengers. By 1928 Rotorua Borough Council, under pressure from the Auckland Aero Club, began to look around for an aerodrome site. A year later they had two prospective sites: Vaughan's farm on Te Ngae road and a State Forest reserve adjacent to the road to Whakarewarewa. A decision was made to use the Reserve, then designated as an 'Arboretum Area'. This was section 80, Rotorua township, land that had been gazetted as a State Forest in 1916. In August 1930, the Minister of Lands had the State Forest reserve designation on the land revoked and vested the land in the Borough Council} A further area belonging to the Rotorua Borough Council, made up of undeveloped building sections plus part of two unformed streets was included, making up a total area of approximately 94 acres.4The area was small and when a larger plane arrived in 1933, the 'Southern Cross', R Copeland Smith's fal:111 at Te Ngae was used for landing. 5 Construction of the aerodrome was undertaken by unemployed relief workers. The Borough Council initially had control of this aerodrome, but during the second World War it was appropriated by the Defence department. In 1935 the Borough Council met with the Forestry Service to discuss taking more land so that the aerodrome could be extended. This land included an area set aside for a cemetery and a road that had "little use".6 The Forest Department agreed, provided experts -"responsible engineers" - were sure that this extra land was essential.7 Hinemoa Point This first aerodrome was not ideal and within 10 years attention focussed on the need for another, more suitable area. Dissatisfaction with the first site appeared to develop 2D M Stafford, 'The Beginning of Aviation in Rotorua' Rotoma 1880-1980, Rotorua, 1980,p225 3ibid, p231 4Short History of Rotorua Aerodrome in Civil Aviation files, C1 (d), Civil Aviation files, p21, for an exact description of this land, see C1 (d), Civil Aviation files, p65-67 5D M Stafford, 'The Beginning of Aviation in Rotorua' Rotoma 1880-1980, Rotorua, 1980,p234 6see report of meeting of Mayor with Commissioner of State Forests, 14 Dec 1935, C1 (b), Public Works files part 1, p6 7see correspondence, C1 (b), Public Works files part 1, pgs9-10 3 in tandem with a desire to use its land for building housing.8 The Owhata block, "land lying between the eastern shore of Lake Rotorua and the main Bay of Plenty Highway" was mentioned in 1945 by the Organisation for National Development as a place where a "first-class aerodrome" could be situated.9 This suggestion was readily taken up the Public Works department and investigated by their District Engineer. He found the site was good after analysing run-way requirements, weather factors, topography and soiL It was hot a detailed investigation -just a trip in a car to the area, combined with meteorological data from the present aerodrome and local plans. In his opinion the most troublesome features would be the ilcquisition of the lan.d.10 Discussions continued. There was talk of making further surveys of the Rotorua area to investigate the potential of other sites and of further study on the viability of extending the present airport. In April 1947 there was an air reconnaissance and ground inspection which appeared to confirm the suitability of Hinemoa:1 1 As a result of this survey it is considered that the vicinity.... offers better possibilities than any other site with in 15 miles of Rotorua Borough. Other sites around the lake permit development in one direction only... The Engineer-in-Chief, F Langbein, suggested there was an alternative site that "reduces interference with native lands to a minimum, and improves clearances".12 This proposal however, involved reclamation of some of the arm of the lake and was not regarded as better than Hinemoa but was recommended for survey. In August 1947 a deputation consisting of the Mayor of Rotorua, the local MP and the Chairman of the Tauranga Harbour Board visited the Minister of Works in Wellington to stress the importance of acting quickly because the site (Hinemoa) was being sub divided and would be built on if action wasn't taken.13 8See letter from the 'Organisation for National Development' to the Dir of Civil Aviation, 21 June 1945, Cl (b), Public Works files part 4, p2, also letter to the Commissioner of Works from the Acting Controller of Civil Aviation (Buckridge), 14 Nov 1946, C1 (b), Public Works files part 4, p9, Langbein to Dist Engineer, 14 April 1948, Cl (b), Public Works files part 4, p30 9letter from the 'Organisation for National Development' to the Dir of Civil Aviation, 21 June 1945, Cl (b), Public Works files part 4, p2 10Dist. Engineer to Public Works HO Cl (b), Public Works files part 4, p4 11 Langbein, Engineer-in-Chief to Dir of Civil Aviation, 9 July 1947, C1 (b), Public Works files part 4, pIS 12Letter to Dir of Civil Aviation, 9 July 1947, Cl (b), Public Works files part 4, pIS 13notes from deputation, C1 (b), Public Works files part 4, pI7 4 On Sunday, 7 December 1947 a meeting was held at the Meeting House at Hinemoa Point with an interpreter from the Land Court, to announce the intention to survey the land.14 Maori owners of the land, represented by the Owhata Tribal Committee, immediately objected, claiming the land was their last tribal holding and of considerable historical importance.15 Survey of the land was deferred while negotiations were attempted. The land selected contained 820 acres: 470 of that was European land, 125 acres was unleased Maori land and 225 acres was Maori land leased to Europeans.16 Public Works claimed that the pa area at Hinemoa point would not be affected. Protests about the development also came from a European dairy farmer affected by the proposal, G W Vaughan. His protests were backed by the Rotorua Co-Op Milk Producers' Co Ltd and the Rotorua Borough who claimed if Vaughan's land was taken out of production "Rotorua will be short of milk during the coming winter months".17 Some time early in 1948 Messers Smart and Fullerton, Aerodrome Engineers, visited Rotorua to determine how it might be practicable to reduce interference in Maori holdings. They consulted closely with Judge Harvey from the Native Land Court and developed a plan that they believed involved minimal interference with native lands.18 Peter Fraser, Prime Minister and Minister of Native Affairs, became interested in the project -partly, according to Works, because he and the Native Department wanted the existing aerodrome for Maori Housing.19 The Government hoped they might be able to use the area to fulfill a promise made to Tuhourangi people after the eruption of Tarawera that they would be granted 1000 acres of land.