DOCSLIB.ORG

A Vegetative Key to Grasses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Vegetative Key to Grasses A VEGETATIVE KEY TO GRASSES Ellen McDouall START: LEAF BLADES: Bristle-like Table 1 (page 1) Flat 20m LIGULE: A fringe of hairs Table 2 (page 4) m Membranous YOUNGEST LEAF BLADE: Folded in shoot Table 3 (page 5) Rolled in shoot AURICLES: Present Table 4 (page 8) Absent SHEATHS: Tubular,closed Table 5 (page10) Wrapped,open Table 6 (page 11) 15cm NOTES: * ------------- end of line through key Habit rhizomatous leaves yellowish or light green, more or less hairy, 32 *N (29)---------- refers back to previous pair of characters in line (31) may have few prickle-like hairs on margins; calcareous grassland. (D. rigida) - old synonym Tor Grass Brachypodium pinnatum tufted or 33 N ----------- species is notable in Avon area stoloniferous AW -------- Ancient woodland Indicator Species 33 Leaf blades less than 4mm 34 (32) wide over 4mm wide 35 34 Habit loosely tufted sheaths whitish; leaves pale green & dull below, * (33) usually flat; drier grassland. Yellow Oat-grass Trisetum flavescens compactly tufted often small compact tufts but may grow to 40cm; *N ligule up to 1mm; leaves & sheathes densely - loosely hairy or downy; dry grassland. Crested Hair-grass Koeleria macrantha (K. cristata) 35 Persistence annual annual Oats Avena fatua, A. sterilis & A. sativa * (33) perennial in woods & shady places. 36 Poa pratense, Helictotrichon pratense and Helictotrichon pubescens 36 Lower shortly hairy sheaths slightly hairy; ligules short & blunt; leaves * (35) sheaths finely veined & pale - bright green. Bearded Study of pot-grown specimens together with several years of personal confusion over Couch Elymus caninus (Agropyron caninum) the identification of these species from vegetative characteristics, suggests that with spreading sheaths usually densely hairy; leaves narrow * there may be very little difference between them. Young, undeveloped leaves of H. hairs towards sheath; drooping & sparsely hairy. False pubescens may be hairless or very nearly so and all show characteristic boat-shaped Brome Brachypodium sylvaticum leaf tips, relatively thick, stiff and greyish blades with deep channels either side of the mid-rib (tramlines). Tips are: to consider the environment – Helictotrichon species are found on basic soils. H. pratense should have tiny white dots on the underside of the leaf. H. pubescens – check very carefully for any hairs at all. 15 TABLE 1 - Leaves bristle-like. 1 Persistence annual 2 24 leaves 1-4mm wide, up to ligules 0.5-2mm long 25 perennial 4 (23) 15cm long wider; up to 15mm; 26 2 Ligule less than leaves minutely hairy, few-ribbed; 0.5-3mm wide; *N 6-40cm long (1) 1mm long sheaths smooth; dry grassland, arable & waste land. Annual Fescues Vulpia spp. 25 Basal streaked yellow or leaves shiny on underside; plant generally tough; * (23) sheaths yellow-brown common in pasture. up to 5mm long leaves hairless, 0.3-0.5mm wide, keeled, folded in Crested Dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus shoot; dry places. 3 whitish leaves pale green & dull below; drier grassland. * 3 Sheath minutely rough plants tufted or solitary; leaves, thread-like, 0.5-5cm *N Yellow Oat-grass Trisetum flavescens (2) long, greyish-green; sandy places. Silvery Hair-grass Aira caryophyllea 26 Ligules 3-10mm long ligule rounded; leaves dull green & rough on * (24) margins; loosely tufted; in woods. AW smooth plant delicate, in small tufts or single shoots; leaves *N Wood Millet Milium effusum up to 5cm long, green or reddish; sandy places. Early Hair-grass Aira praecox up to 3mm 27 4 Habitat Coastal dunes or Often a dominant or significant component of sward 5 27 Basal purple-brown ligule 1-2.5mm long; leaves bluntly ribbed & dull * (1) salt-marsh (26) sheaths green; meadows. Meadow Foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Various grasslands 7 but not influenced green; yellow or ligules blunt 0.5-1.5mm long; leaves finely veined, * but salt water whitish pale - bright green; shady places. Bearded Couch Elymus caninus (Agropyron caninum) 5 Ligule 10-30mm long compact tufts or spreading shoots; sheaths *N (4) overlapping; leaves tightly inrolled & sharp-pointed; 28 Sheaths hairless 29 extensive rhizomes; sand dunes, common. Marram (4) hairy may only be hairy in tuft at top of sheath 31 grass Ammophila arenaria 29 Leaves very glossy on sheaths streaked yellow or yellow-brown; plant * up to 4mm may be obscure 6 underside generally tough; common in pasture. Crested Dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus 6 Sheaths hairless densely tufted or loosely spreading; rooting stolons *N (5) produced in summer only. Leaves greyish to dark dull or slightly 30 green, often folded or rolled. shiny under Common Salt-marsh-grass Puccinellia maritima 30 Ligule less than 1mm long ligule very blunt; leaves bluish-green. *N Hairy/ downy plant variable; leaves minutely hairy & usually at * (29) Sea Barley Hordeum marinum least 2x longer than sheaths. 4-12mm long ligule blunt & ragged; leaves dull green, rather *N Red Fescue Festuca rubra coarse & rough; damp places including woods. 7 Sheath hairy or downy 8 Wood Small-reed Calamagrostis epigejos (4) 31 Sheath bearded at top tastes of bitter almond (coumarin); otherwise * (28) variable. Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum hairless 9 odoratum more or less hairy 32 but not as above. 14 1 17 Ligule less than 1mm long plant slender; ligule very blunt; rough on leaf veins *N 8 Ligule less than plant variable; leaves minutely hairy & usually at * (16) and margins; salt marshes. (7) 0.5mm long least 2x longer than sheaths. Sea Hard-grass Parapholis strigosa Red Fescue Festuca rubra 0.5-3mm long ligule usually obvious; blunt & ragged; leaves rough 18 Ligule more than 0.5mm often small compact tufts but may grow to 40cm; *N only on upper surface or veins. long ligule up to 1mm; leaves & sheaths densely to loosely hairy or downy; dry grassland. Crested 18 leaf blades ribbed above coastal; dry places. Sea Fern-grass Catapodium *N Hair-grass Koeleria macrantha (K. cristata) (16) marinum (Desmazeria marina) 9 Sheaths lower sheaths stiff densely tufted, shoots only 1-noded; blunt, short *N not as above sheaths with broad hyaline margin toward tops; dry *N (7) & shiny ligule; leaves sharp-pointed, stiff & tightly rolled, or calcareous grassland. Fern-grass Catapodium lower at right-angle to shoot, c.0.5mm wide. Heaths rigidum (Desmazeria rigida) & moors. Mat grass Nardus stricta 19 Habit stoloniferous 20 not as above 10 (13) tufted may form dense tussocks or loose tufts 22 20 Leaf blades 1-2mm wide ligule 2-4mm long & pointed; fine leafy tufts on *N 10 Sheaths closed common in commercial grass seed mixes. * (19) nodes of slender stolons, often rooting; damp & wet (9) Chewings Fescue Festuca rubra ssp. commutata places; usually acid. open 11 Velvet Bent Agrostis canina (A. canina canina) 11 Habit with stolons fine leafy tufts on nodes of slender stolons; often *N blades wider ligules rounded or blunt 21 (10) rooting; ligule 2-4mm long & pointed; leaves 1- 21 Sheaths greenish or with ligule 1-6mm blunt rounded; tufts of shoots from * 2mm wide, damp & wet places, usually acid. (19) red/purple tinge rooting stolons; wide range of conditions (tolerates Velvet Bent Agrostis canina (A. canina canina) wet & shade). no stolons 12 Creeping Bent Agrostis stolonifera 12 Habit with rhizomes may have small tufts spread along long rhizome. 13 whitish or waxy ligule 2-5mm long & rounded; shoots sharply bent * at lower nodes, sometimes rooting there; damp (11) tufted individual shoots may have short rhizomes, usually 14 places. Marsh Foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus (also less than 10mm long. rarer A. aequalis) 13 Ligule 1-5mm long densely tufted shoots from rhizomes, hairless; *N 22 Leaf blades with prominent dense tussocks or small loose tufts; ligules pointed, * (12) ligules pointed & ragged; upland grassland, (20) ribs & furrows up to 15mm long; leaves rough on ribs, 2-5mm wide common. Brown Bent Agrostis vinealis (Agrostis & many times longer than sheath; damp woods & canina ssp. montana) grassland. less than small compact tufts; lower sheaths keeled; ligules *N Tufted Hair-grass Deschampsia caespitosa 1mm long rounded, the lower very short; leaves bluntly keeled; not as above 23 dry & calcareous grassland. Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass Poa angustifolia 23 Top of bearded leaves & sheaths sparsely hairy or hairless; tastes of * (22) sheath bitter almond (coumarin); otherwise variable. 14 Ligules sharp, pointed 2-8mm long 15 Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum (12) not as above 24 blunt or obscure 16 2 13 15 Leaf blades more than 0.3mm dense tussocks or small loose tufts; ligules blunt, * 9 Leaves with cross-veins leaves green or whitish-green. * (14) wide 0.5-3mm long; leaves hairless, inrolled, 0.3-0.8mm (8) Reed Canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea wide and up to 20cm+ long; sheaths upwardly no cross-veins leaves dull green; also in woodland. * rough; acid woods & grassland. Wood Small-reed Calamagrostis epejos Wavy Hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa less than densely tufted or turf-forming; leaves bristle-like, * 10 Ligules wider than long 11 0.3mm wide hairless; sheaths fall away from stalk easily, lower (8) straw-coloured; ligules 2-4mm long, pointed; dry longer or as long as 12 acid grassland (S & W Britain) wide Bristle Bent Agrostis curtisii (A. setacea) 11 Leaf blades usually under 2x leaves medium to dark green; common on dry or * 16 Leaf blades 0.3 - 0.6mm densely tufted or turf-forming; leaves tightly * (10) length of sheath poor grassland. Common Bent Agrostis capillaris (14) wide inrolled with 5-7 veins; sheaths open with rounded (Agrostis tenuis) auricles; ligules very short; poor, dry grassland. usually over 2x leaves yellowish or light green, more or less hairy, *N Sheep's-fescue Festuca ovina length of sheath may have few prickle-like hairs on margins; 0.2 - 0.4mm as above but not turf-forming; leaves mostly with 5 * calcareous grassland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A REVISION of TRISETUM Victor L. Finot,' Paul M
    A REVISION OF TRISETUM Victor L. Finot,' Paul M. Peterson,3 (POACEAE: POOIDEAE: Fernando 0 Zuloaga,* Robert J. v sorene, and Oscar Mattnei AVENINAE) IN SOUTH AMERICA1 ABSTRACT A taxonomic treatment of Trisetum Pers. for South America, is given. Eighteen species and six varieties of Trisetum are recognized in South America. Chile (14 species, 3 varieties) and Argentina (12 species, 5 varieties) have the greatest number of taxa in the genus. Two varieties, T. barbinode var. sclerophyllum and T longiglume var. glabratum, are endemic to Argentina, whereas T. mattheii and T nancaguense are known only from Chile. Trisetum andinum is endemic to Ecuador, T. macbridei is endemic to Peru, and T. foliosum is endemic to Venezuela. A total of four species are found in Ecuador and Peru, and there are two species in Venezuela and Colombia. The following new species are described and illustrated: Trisetum mattheii Finot and T nancaguense Finot, from Chile, and T pyramidatum Louis- Marie ex Finot, from Chile and Argentina. The following two new combinations are made: T barbinode var. sclerophyllum (Hack, ex Stuck.) Finot and T. spicatum var. cumingii (Nees ex Steud.) Finot. A key for distinguishing the species and varieties of Trisetum in South America is given. The names Koeleria cumingii Nees ex Steud., Trisetum sect. Anaulacoa Louis-Marie, Trisetum sect. Aulacoa Louis-Marie, Trisetum subg. Heterolytrum Louis-Marie, Trisetum subg. Isolytrum Louis-Marie, Trisetum subsect. Koeleriformia Louis-Marie, Trisetum subsect. Sphenopholidea Louis-Marie, Trisetum ma- lacophyllum Steud., Trisetum variabile E. Desv., and Trisetum variabile var. virescens E. Desv. are lectotypified. Key words: Aveninae, Gramineae, Poaceae, Pooideae, Trisetum.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Poaceae Taxon: Helictotrichon sempervirens Synonym: Avena notarisii Parl. Common Name: Blue Oat Grass Avena sempervirens Vill. (basionym) Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Intermediate substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 n 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 y 405 Toxic to animals
    [Show full text]
  • Finally Ohwi There Actually Are in They
    BLUMKA 28 (1983) 329-342 A revision of Helictotrichon(Gramineae) in Malesia J.G. Sevenstert& J.F. Veldkamp Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands Summary In Malesia there are two species of grasses here tentatively included in Helictotrichon Besser H. H. (Gramineae): H. sumatrense Ohwi and virescens (Nees ex Steud.) Henr. [inch asperum (Munro ex Thw.) Bor and H. junghuhnii (Buse) Henr.]. The delimitation and nomenclature of Dum. It Helictotrichon, Avenastrum Opiz and Avenula (Dum.) are discussed. is proposed to lectotypify Helictotrichon with Avena sempervirens Vill. In the matter of automatic typifica- tion of Art. 7. 11 is in conflict with Artt. 7. 10 and 63. correction is superfluous names 3; a pro- posed. Introduction Steudel (1854) described a Trisetum virescens from India, while Thwaites (1864) two proposed an Avena aspera from Ceylon. Hooker f. (1896) regarded these as of for nomenclatural called A. Henrard varieties what he reasons aspera. (1940) Helictotrichon thought there was just a single taxon, virescens, fortuitously so, as the material available to him L turns out that there not 'true' among in it is a single H. virescens. Bor (1960) regarded them as two distinct species. Just after Steudel Buse described in the same year an Avena junghuhnii from Java, a species curiously enough not mentioned by Steudel, although both seem to have studied the same material, or sets of it. Koorders (1911), for once followed by Backer (1922), remarked that it might be conspecific with.A. aspera, but Backer in his later Henrard the publications retained A. junghuhnii. (1940) thought that two were al- lied, but distinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilobium Brachycarpum a Fast Spreading
    Tuexenia 33: 371–398. Göttingen 2013. available online at www.tuexenia.de Phytosociology and ecology of Avenula adsurgens subsp. adsurgens in Carpathian grasslands Soziologie und Ökologie von Avenula adsurgens subsp. adsurgens in Grasländern der Karpaten Monika Janišová1*, Karol Ujházy2, Eva Uhliarová3 1Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ďumbierska 1, SK-974 11 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 2Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University of Zvolen, Masarykova 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia 3Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper focuses on ecological requirements and phytosociological affinity of Avenula adsurgens subsp. adsurgens. Although this grass is widely distributed in central and south-eastern Europe reaching dominance in certain grassland types, the knowledge on its ecology and coenology is very poor. More- over, some of the published data on its distribution are wrongly related to Avenula praeusta. We studied the taxon within an area of about 300 km2 (Central Slovakia) where it occurs in diverse habitats. Data from a systematic phytosociological survey were used to assess interspecific associations and ecologi- cal indicator values of the taxon. Detailed measurements from a transect along a spruce colonisation gradient were used to evaluate its relationship to a set of topographical, microclimatical, pedological and soil-microbiological characteristics. Tillers of A. adsurgens subsp. adsurgens were cultivated for two growing seasons to estimate characteristics of its clonal morphology and growth and its ability of spatial spreading. In the studied area, the taxon occurred mainly over the volcanic bedrock along a wide range of altitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic: 3Rd Edition
    Preslia 84: 631–645, 2012 631 Red List of vascular plants of the Czech Republic: 3rd edition Červený seznam cévnatých rostlin České republiky: třetí vydání Dedicated to the centenary of the Czech Botanical Society (1912–2012) VítGrulich Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] Grulich V. (2012): Red List of vascular plants of the Czech Republic: 3rd edition. – Preslia 84: 631–645. The knowledge of the flora of the Czech Republic has substantially improved since the second ver- sion of the national Red List was published, mainly due to large-scale field recording during the last decade and the resulting large national databases. In this paper, an updated Red List is presented and compared with the previous editions of 1979 and 2000. The complete updated Red List consists of 1720 taxa (listed in Electronic Appendix 1), accounting for more then a half (59.2%) of the native flora of the Czech Republic. Of the Red-Listed taxa, 156 (9.1% of the total number on the list) are in the A categories, which include taxa that have vanished from the flora or are not known to occur at present, 471 (27.4%) are classified as critically threatened, 357 (20.8%) as threatened and 356 (20.7%) as endangered. From 1979 to 2000 to 2012, there has been an increase in the total number of taxa included in the Red List (from 1190 to 1627 to 1720) and in most categories, mainly for the following reasons: (i) The continuing human pressure on many natural and semi-natural habitats is reflected in the increased vulnerability or level of threat to many vascular plants; some vulnerable species therefore became endangered, those endangered critically threatened, while species until recently not classified may be included in the Red List as vulnerable or even endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Spontaneous and Subspontaneous Flora of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou
    Volume 19(2), 176- 189, 2015 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Research on spontaneous and subspontaneous flora of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou Szatmari P-M*.1,, Căprar M. 1 1) Biological Research Center, Botanical Garden “Vasile Fati” Jibou, Wesselényi Miklós Street, No. 16, 455200 Jibou, Romania; *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract The research presented in this paper had the purpose of Key words inventory and knowledge of spontaneous and subspontaneous plant species of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou, Salaj, Romania. Following systematic Jibou Botanical Garden, investigations undertaken in the botanical garden a large number of spontaneous flora, spontaneous taxons were found from the Romanian flora (650 species of adventive and vascular plants and 20 species of moss). Also were inventoried 38 species of subspontaneous plants, adventive plants, permanently established in Romania and 176 vascular plant floristic analysis, Romania species that have migrated from culture and multiply by themselves throughout the garden. In the garden greenhouses were found 183 subspontaneous species and weeds, both from the Romanian flora as well as tropical plants introduced by accident. Thus the total number of wild species rises to 1055, a large number compared to the occupied area. Some rare spontaneous plants and endemic to the Romanian flora (Galium abaujense, Cephalaria radiata, Crocus banaticus) were found. Cultivated species that once migrated from culture, accommodated to environmental conditions and conquered new territories; standing out is the Cyrtomium falcatum fern, once escaped from the greenhouses it continues to develop on their outer walls. Jibou Botanical Garden is the second largest exotic species can adapt and breed further without any botanical garden in Romania, after "Anastasie Fătu" care [11].
    [Show full text]
  • Romania Romania
    COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ROMANIA ROMANIA SECOND COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE PREPARED BY: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/ National Genebank in Suceava 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the Second Report on the State of World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The Report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Generic Realignments in the Grass Tribe Aveneae (Poaceae)
    ©Institut für Biologie, Institutsbereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 27 Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae) Martin Röser, Elke Döring, Grit Winterfeld & Julia Schneider Abstract: Röser, M., Döring, E., Winterfeld, G. & Schneider, J. 2009: Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 27–38. Taxonomy and classification of ‘core’ genera of the grass tribe Aveneae are critically examined in view of recent molecular phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies. The previously broadly defined gen- era Helictotrichon and Avenula are polyphyletic and disintegrate into altogether at least four dif- ferent genera including Homalotrichon and Tricholemma, stat. et gen. nov. None of these genera is sister to the other in the molecular phylogenies. Pseudarrhenatherum is reduced to synonymy with Helictotrichon s. str. Interestingly, none of the new generic alignments is in conflict with morpho- logical and anatomical data that were the only basements of previous classifications and had led to a long-standing controversy in the taxonomy of these oats and the genus Avena. Important aspects of morphology and taxonomic history are surveyed and discussed for some genera and species. The fol- lowing combinations are made: Helictotrichon thorei, comb. nov., Tricholemma, stat. et gen. nov., T. jahandiezii, comb. nov., T. breviaristatum, comb. nov. Zusammenfassung: Röser, M., Döring, E., Winterfeld, G. & Schneider, J. 2009: Neue Gattungsumgrenzungen in der Gräser-Tribus Aveneae (Poaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 27–38. Taxonomie und Klassifikation einiger ‘Kern-’Gattungen der Gräsertribus Aveneae werden im Zusammenhang mit neueren molekular-phylogenetischen und -cytogenetischen Untersuchungen kritisch überprüft. Die zuvor breit definierten Gattungen Helictotrichon und Avenula sind poly- phyletisch und zerfallen in mindestens vier unterschiedliche Gattungen, darunter Homalotrichon und Tricholemma, stat.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of China 22: 317–322. 2006. 75. HELICTOTRICHON Besser Ex
    Flora of China 22: 317–322. 2006. 75. HELICTOTRICHON Besser ex Schultes & J. H. Schultes, Mant. 3 (Addit. I ad Mant. Cl. III): 526 [“326”]. 1827. 异燕麦属 yi yan mai shu Wu Zhenlan (吴珍兰); Sylvia M. Phillips Avenastrum Opiz; Avenula (Dumortier) Dumortier; Trisetum sect. Avenula Dumortier. Perennials, tussocky, often rhizomatous. Leaf blades linear to setaceous, flat, folded or rolled; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, open or often contracted, sometimes without secondary branching. Spikelets with 2 to several fertile florets and 1 or 2 reduced sterile florets above; rachilla pilose, disarticulating below each floret; glumes lanceolate, slightly unequal, usually shorter than spikelet and often shorter than lemmas, hyaline to membranous, lower glume 1–3-veined, upper glume 3–5-veined, keel scaberulous, apex acute; floret callus shortly bearded; lemmas lanceolate, firmly membranous to leathery, rounded or weakly keeled, 5–7(–9)-veined, glabrous, awned from middle of back or slightly above, apex minutely to deeply 2–4-toothed; awn geniculate with twisted column, sometimes weakly so or almost straight; palea slightly shorter than lemma and enclosed within lemma margins, keels scabrid-ciliolate to ciliate. Ovary densely hairy toward apex. Caryopsis with linear hilum; endosperm sometimes liquid. About 100 species: Europe eastward to Japan, North America, also on tropical mountains; 14 species (seven endemic) in China. Most species provide good forage. 1a. Palea keels smooth, glabrous, back deeply sulcate; hairs at apex of each rachilla internode 4–6 mm ..................... 1. H. pubescens 1b. Palea keels scabrid to ciliate, back flat at maturity; hairs at apex of each rachilla internode 1–3 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Forage Resources of China
    FORAGERESOURCE SO FCHIN A ShingTsung (Peter)H u BegingAgricultura lUniversit y DavidB .Hannawa yan dHarol dW .Youngber g OregonStat eUniversit y Pudoc Wageningen 1992 5 \AM - b }V ^ CIP-data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag ISBN 90-220-1063-5 NUGI 835 © Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (Pudoc), Wageningen, Netherlands, 1992 All rights reserved. Nothing from this publication may be reproduced, stored in acomputerize d system or publishedi nan yfor m or inan ymanner , includingelectronic , mechanical,reprographi c or photographic, without prior written permissionfro mth e publisher, Pudoc, P.O. Box4 ,670 0A A Wageningen, Nether­ lands. The individualcontribution s inthi spublicatio n andan yliabilitie sarisin gfro mthe m remainth e responsibility of the authors. Insofar asphotocopie s from this publication are permitted by the Copyright Act 1912, Article I6B and Royal Netherlands Decree of 20Jun e 1974(Staatsbla d 351)a samende d in Royal Netherlands Decree of 23 August 1985 (Staatsblad 47) andb y Copyright Act 1912,Articl e 17,th e legally defined copyright fee for any copies shouldb etransferre d to the Stichting Reprorecht (P.O. Box 882, 1180 AW Amstelveen, Netherlands). For reproduction of parts of thispublicatio n incompilation s sucha santhologie s or readers (Copyright Act 1912, Article 16), permission must be obtained from the publisher. Printed in the Netherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORDAN DACKNOWLEDGEMENT S 1 FOREWORD 1 REFERENCES 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 ABOUTTH E AUTHORS 3 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 5 A BRIEFAGRICULTURA
    [Show full text]
  • Generic Realignments in the Grass Tribe Aveneae (Poaceae)
    27 Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae) Martin Röser, Elke Döring, Grit Winterfeld & Julia Schneider Abstract: Röser, M., Döring, E., Winterfeld, G. & Schneider, J. 2009: Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 27–38. Taxonomy and classification of ‘core’ genera of the grass tribe Aveneae are critically examined in view of recent molecular phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies. The previously broadly defined gen- era Helictotrichon and Avenula are polyphyletic and disintegrate into altogether at least four dif- ferent genera including Homalotrichon and Tricholemma, stat. et gen. nov. None of these genera is sister to the other in the molecular phylogenies. Pseudarrhenatherum is reduced to synonymy with Helictotrichon s. str. Interestingly, none of the new generic alignments is in conflict with morpho- logical and anatomical data that were the only basements of previous classifications and had led to a long-standing controversy in the taxonomy of these oats and the genus Avena. Important aspects of morphology and taxonomic history are surveyed and discussed for some genera and species. The fol- lowing combinations are made: Helictotrichon thorei, comb. nov., Tricholemma, stat. et gen. nov., T. jahandiezii, comb. nov., T. breviaristatum, comb. nov. Zusammenfassung: Röser, M., Döring, E., Winterfeld, G. & Schneider, J. 2009: Neue Gattungsumgrenzungen in der Gräser-Tribus Aveneae (Poaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 27–38. Taxonomie und Klassifikation einiger ‘Kern-’Gattungen der Gräsertribus Aveneae werden im Zusammenhang mit neueren molekular-phylogenetischen und -cytogenetischen Untersuchungen kritisch überprüft. Die zuvor breit definierten Gattungen Helictotrichon und Avenula sind poly- phyletisch und zerfallen in mindestens vier unterschiedliche Gattungen, darunter Homalotrichon und Tricholemma, stat.
    [Show full text]