DOCSLIB.ORG

Mudskippers and Their Genetic Adaptations to an Amphibious Lifestyle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mudskippers and Their Genetic Adaptations to an Amphibious Lifestyle animals Review Mudskippers and Their Genetic Adaptations to an Amphibious Lifestyle Xinxin You 1,2,†, Min Sun 1,†, Jia Li 1, Chao Bian 1,2, Jieming Chen 1,3, Yunhai Yi 1,2 ID , Hui Yu 1 and Qiong Shi 1,2,4,* 1 Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (Y.Y.);[email protected] (H.Y.) 2 BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518063, China 3 BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, BGI, Zhenjiang 212000, China 4 Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-185-6627-9826, Fax: +86-755-3635-2508 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 18 December 2017; Accepted: 3 February 2018; Published: 7 February 2018 Simple Summary: Mudskippers are an interesting group of goggle-eyed amphibious fish that can live both in water and on land. They are a useful model for obtaining insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the terrestrial adaptations of amphibious fish. This review summarizes the morphological and physiological modifications of representative mudskippers, and focuses on the recent advancement of genomic studies on their genetic adaptations to the amphibious lifestyle. Abstract: Mudskippers are the largest group of amphibious teleost fish that are uniquely adapted to live on mudflats. During their successful transition from aqueous life to terrestrial living, these fish have evolved morphological and physiological modifications of aerial vision and olfaction, higher ammonia tolerance, aerial respiration, improved immunological defense against terrestrial pathogens, and terrestrial locomotion using protruded pectoral fins. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic data have been accumulated and analyzed for understanding molecular mechanisms of the terrestrial adaptations. Our current review provides a general introduction to mudskippers and recent research advances of their genetic adaptations to the amphibious lifestyle, which will be helpful for understanding the evolutionary transition of vertebrates from water to land. Our insights into the genomes and transcriptomes will also support molecular breeding, functional identification, and natural compound screening. Keywords: mudskipper; amphibious lifestyle; genome; transcriptome; terrestrial adaptation 1. Introduction Amphibious fish spend periods of time out of water, in or above the ground surface, as normal parts of their life histories [1]. Mudskippers (Figure1) are a major group of amphibious fish with an enormous potential for theoretical research into critical adaptations to facilitate the evolution from an aqueous to a terrestrial lifestyle. They are divided into four main genera, including Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmodon, Periophthalmus, and Scartelaos [2]. Mudskippers have developed morphological and physiological terrestrial adaptations to match their unique lifestyle, such as modification of aerial vision, higher ammonia tolerance, and terrestrial locomotion using protruded pectoral fins [3–5]. Animals 2018, 8, 24; doi:10.3390/ani8020024 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2018, 8, x 2 of 12 modificationAnimals 2018, 8, of 24 aerial vision, higher ammonia tolerance, and terrestrial locomotion using protruded2 of 12 pectoral fins [3–5]. Figure 1. Representative mudskippers and their habitats [5]. Scartelaos histophorus (SH) and Figure 1. Representative mudskippers and their habitats [5]. Scartelaos histophorus (SH) and Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP) are predominantly water-dwelling, whereas Periophthalmodon Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP) are predominantly water-dwelling, whereas Periophthalmodon schlosseri schlosseri (PS) and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM) spend extended periods of time on land. (PS) and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM) spend extended periods of time on land. By presenting the first genome sequences of amphibious fish [5], we provide a new model for understandingBy presenting the theadaptive first genome evolution sequences of animals of amphibious from water fish to land. [5], we In provide the genome a new report, model we for sequencedunderstanding four the representative adaptive evolution species of of animals mudskippers from water (Figure to land. 1), Inincluding the genome Boleophthalmus report, we pectinirostrissequenced four (BP representative or blue-spotted species mudskipper), of mudskippers Scartelaos (Figure 1histophorus), including (SHBoleophthalmus or blue mudskipper), pectinirostris (BPPeriophthalmodon or blue-spotted schlosseri mudskipper), (PS or Scartelaosgiant mudskipper), histophorus and(SH Periophthalmus or blue mudskipper), magnuspinnatusPeriophthalmodon (PM or giant-finschlosseri (PSmudskipper). or giant mudskipper), The four mudskippers and Periophthalmus form a magnuspinnatusmonophyletic clade(PM or that giant-fin diverged mudskipper). from the Theother four teleosts mudskippers ~140 million form years a monophyletic ago [5]. BP cladeand SH that form diverged one sister from group, the other and teleosts are predominantly ~140 million aqueousyears ago and [5]. spend BP and less SH time form out one of sister water, group, whereas and PS are and predominantly PM constitute aqueous another and sister spend group, less timeand areout primarily of water, whereasterrestrial PS and and spend PM constituteextended periods another of sister time group,on land. and Interestingly, are primarily the terrestrial genome sizes and decreasespend extended in the following periods oforder: time BP on land.> SH > Interestingly, PM > PS, which the genomemay be associated sizes decrease with in their the followingterrestrial affinityorder: BP but > SHunrelated > PM > to PS, their which body may size be (PS associated > BP > withSH > theirPM). terrestrial Comparative affinity genomic but unrelated analyses to were their carriedbody size out (PS to > BPgain > SHinsights > PM). into Comparative the fundamen genomictalanalyses genetic werebasis carried of terrestrial out to gain adaptation insights into in mudskippers.the fundamental Since genetic then, basis more of an terrestriald more knowledge adaptation about in mudskippers. genetic adaptations Since then, to the more amphibious and more lifestyleknowledge has aboutbeen accumulated genetic adaptations (Figure to 2). the amphibious lifestyle has been accumulated (Figure2). Mudskippers spendspend part part of of their their lives lives out ofout water of water to feed, to mate,feed, andmate, avoid and capture avoid bycapture terrestrial by predators.terrestrial predators. Therefore, theyTherefore, have developed they have behavioral developed and behavioral physiological and physiological specializations specializations for adaptation forto the adaptation amphibious to life.the Theamphibious most significant life. The morphological most significant and functional morphological modifications and functional (Figure1) modificationsare the trend to (Figure possess 1) close-set are the trend and moveableto possess protuberant close-set and eyes moveable set high protuberant on the head eyes for escape set high from on predatorsthe head for on escape land, andfrom the predators eyes are on structural land, and adapted the eyes for are accurate structural vision adapted in both for accurate air andwater vision [ 6in]; + bothhigher air ammonia and water tolerance [6]; higher allow ammonia the fish tolerance to live in al thelow high the concentrationfish to live in ofthe NH high3/NH concentration4 within the of NHintertidal3/NH4+ zone within [7 –the9]; intertidal stronger pectoralzone [7–9]; fins stronger help mudskippers pectoral fins crawl help andmudskippers jump in the crawl mudflat and jump [10]; inhigher the diseasemudflat resistance [10]; higher enables disease mudskippers resistance to enables inhabit bothmudskippers aqueous and to terrestrialinhabit both environments aqueous and [5]; terrestrialand specialized environments skin retains [5]; moreand sp waterecialized for them skin to retains stay on more land water for a longerfor them period to stay [6]. on land for a longerThe period main [6]. objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of genetic adaptations to theThe amphibious main objective lifestyle of ofthis mudskippers, review is to suchsummari as aerialze the vision current and knowledge olfaction modifications, of genetic adaptations ammonia totolerance the amphibious mechanisms, lifestyle terrestrial of mudskippers, locomotion, immunological such as aerial difference, vision and and olfaction air exposure modifications, response. ammonia tolerance mechanisms, terrestrial locomotion, immunological difference, and air exposure response. Animals 2018, 8, 24 3 of 12 Animals 2018, 8, x 3 of 12 Figure 2.2. SummarySummary ofof important important genes genes related related to theto th amphibiouse amphibious lifestyle lifestyle of mudskippers. of mudskippers. The blue-The blue-spottedspotted mudskipper mudskipper (B. pectinirostris (B. pectinirostris, BP) is jumping, BP) is onjumping the mudflat. on the Abbreviations: mudflat. Abbreviations:aanat, aralkylamine aanat, aralkylamineN-acetyltransferase; N-acetyltransferase;And2, actinodin And2 2; Arg, actinodin, arginase; 2; Rhcg1Arg,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amphibious Fishes: Terrestrial Locomotion, Performance, Orientation, and Behaviors from an Applied Perspective by Noah R
    AMPHIBIOUS FISHES: TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION, PERFORMANCE, ORIENTATION, AND BEHAVIORS FROM AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE BY NOAH R. BRESSMAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVESITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2020 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Miriam A. Ashley-Ross, Ph.D., Advisor Alice C. Gibb, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Bill Conner, Ph.D. Glen Mars, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Dr. Miriam Ashley-Ross for mentoring me and providing all of her support throughout my doctoral program. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee – Drs. T. Michael Anderson, Glen Marrs, Alice Gibb, and Bill Conner – for teaching me new skills and supporting me along the way. My dissertation research would not have been possible without the help of my collaborators, Drs. Jeff Hill, Joe Love, and Ben Perlman. Additionally, I am very appreciative of the many undergraduate and high school students who helped me collect and analyze data – Mark Simms, Tyler King, Caroline Horne, John Crumpler, John S. Gallen, Emily Lovern, Samir Lalani, Rob Sheppard, Cal Morrison, Imoh Udoh, Harrison McCamy, Laura Miron, and Amaya Pitts. I would like to thank my fellow graduate student labmates – Francesca Giammona, Dan O’Donnell, MC Regan, and Christine Vega – for their support and helping me flesh out ideas. I am appreciative of Dr. Ryan Earley, Dr. Bruce Turner, Allison Durland Donahou, Mary Groves, Tim Groves, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, UF Tropical Aquaculture Lab for providing fish, animal care, and lab space throughout my doctoral research.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibious Fish Jump Better on Land After Acclimation to a Terrestrial Environment Emily M
    © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2016) 219, 3204-3207 doi:10.1242/jeb.140970 SHORT COMMUNICATION Amphibious fish jump better on land after acclimation to a terrestrial environment Emily M. Brunt1, Andy J. Turko1, Graham R. Scott2 and Patricia A. Wright1,* ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that plastic changes in the skeletal Air and water differ dramatically in density and viscosity, posing muscle of adult amphibious fishes during terrestrial acclimation different biomechanical challenges for animal locomotion. We asked improve locomotory performance. This hypothesis predicts that fish – how terrestrial acclimation influences locomotion in amphibious fish, acclimated to a terrestrial environment and that experience – specifically testing the hypothesis that terrestrial tail flip performance increased effective gravity should have improved movement is improved by plastic changes in the skeletal muscle. Mangrove capacity and associated plastic changes to the skeletal muscle rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus, which remain largely inactive out of compared with individuals maintained solely in water, where they water, were exposed to water or air for 14 days and a subgroup of are buoyant and effectively weightless. We studied K. marmoratus, air-exposed fish was also recovered in water. Tail flip jumping an amphibious fish that moves on land by tail flip jumping (Taylor, performance on land improved dramatically in air-acclimated fish, 2012; Pronko et al., 2013), tolerates emersion for up to 66 days in they had lower lactate levels compared with control fish, and these the laboratory and has been found packed into rotting logs in the dry effects were mostly reversible. Muscle plasticity significantly season (Taylor, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Plasticity and the Origin of Tetrapods
    ARTICLE doi:10.1038/nature13708 Developmental plasticity and the origin of tetrapods Emily M. Standen1, Trina Y. Du2 & Hans C. E. Larsson2 The origin of tetrapods from their fish antecedents, approximately 400 million years ago, was coupled with the origin of terrestrial locomotion and the evolution of supporting limbs. Polypterus is a memberof the basal-most group of ray-finned fish (actinopterygians) and has many plesiomorphic morphologies that are comparable to elpistostegid fishes, which are stem tetrapods. Polypterus therefore serves as an extant analogue of stem tetrapods, allowing us to examine how devel- opmental plasticity affects the ‘terrestrialization’ of fish. We measured the developmental plasticity of anatomical and biomechanical responses in Polypterus reared on land. Here we show the remarkable correspondence between the envi- ronmentally induced phenotypes of terrestrialized Polypterus and the ancient anatomical changes in stem tetrapods, and we provide insight into stem tetrapod behavioural evolution. Our results raise the possibility that environmentally induced developmental plasticity facilitated the origin of the terrestrial traits that led to tetrapods. The evolution of terrestrial locomotion in vertebrates required the appear- a sister taxon to the derived groups of interest can be used to estimate the ance of new behaviours and supporting appendicular structures1–8.The ancestral plasticity12. skeletal changes included the origin of supporting limbs, the decoupling of In this study, we investigated developmental
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Overview
    The Toledo Zoo/ThinkingWorks Teacher Overview for the Fish Lessons Ó2003 Teacher Overview: Fish Fish have many traits that are unique to this particular class of animals. Below is a list of general fish traits to help you and your students complete the ThinkingWorks menu. This lesson focuses on typical fish that most people are familiar with, not on atypical fish such as seahorses. Fish are divided into three groups or classes, each with its own set of features. These classes include the bony fish (e.g., tuna and bass), cartilaginous fish (e.g., sharks and rays) and jawless fish (e.g., lampreys). We have included a list of the different fish found at The Toledo Zoo. Most of the fish are found in the Aquarium but there are also fish in the Diversity of Life. Note that animals move constantly in and out of the Zoo so the list below may be inaccurate. Please call the Zoo for a current list of fish that are on exhibit and their locations. Typical Fish Traits Lightweight, strong scales Lateral line for detecting for protection changes in turbulence along a fish as well as changes in water pressure Gas bladder for buoyancy, stability (internal) Symmetrical tail for Most fish have a well powerful swimming developed eye for locating prey, detecting predators and finding a mate. Flexible “lips” for picking up food Gills for extracting oxygen from the water Maneuverable, paired fins for Lightweight, strong moving forward and controlling skeleton for support roll, pitch and yaw q Fish are cold-blooded, obtaining heat from the surrounding water.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing the Amphibious Mudskipper Goby As a Unique Model to Evaluate Neuro/Endocrine Regulation of Behaviors Mediated by Buccal Sensation and Corticosteroids
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Okayama University Scientific Achievement Repository International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Introducing the Amphibious Mudskipper Goby as a Unique Model to Evaluate Neuro/Endocrine Regulation of Behaviors Mediated by Buccal Sensation and Corticosteroids Yukitoshi Katayama *, Kazuhiro Saito and Tatsuya Sakamoto Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Kashino 130-17, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan; [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (T.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-869-34-5210 Received: 9 July 2020; Accepted: 8 September 2020; Published: 14 September 2020 Abstract: Some fish have acquired the ability to breathe air, but these fish can no longer flush their gills effectively when out of water. Hence, they have developed characteristic means for defense against external stressors, including thirst (osmolarity/ions) and toxicity. Amphibious fish, extant air-breathing fish emerged from water, may serve as models to examine physiological responses to these stressors. Some of these fish, including mudskipper gobies such as Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Boleophthalmus boddarti and our Periophthalmus modestus, display distinct adaptational behaviors to these factors compared with fully aquatic fish. In this review, we introduce the mudskipper goby as a unique model to study the behaviors and the neuro/endocrine mechanisms of behavioral responses to the stressors. Our studies have shown that a local sensation of thirst in the buccal cavity—this being induced by dipsogenic hormones—motivates these fish to move to water through a forebrain response.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Extension and a Case for A
    IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 28(2) 2011 R E V I E W BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF ASIAN SMALL-CLAWED OTTER Aonyx cinereus (ILLIGER, 1815): A REVIEW Syed Ainul HUSSAIN1*, Sandeep Kumar GUPTA1, Padma Kumari de SILVA2 1Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box # 18, Dehra Dun, 248 001, Uttarakhand, India e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (received 12th July 2011, accepted 25th October 2011) Abstract: The Asian small-clawed otter is the smallest among the 13 extant species of otters. It has a large distribution range extending from India in South Asia through Southeast Asia up to Taiwan and Philippines in the east and Southern China in the north. It is considered ‘Vulnerable’ due to habitat loss and degradation, depletion of prey species and exploitation. Being adapted to live in shallow streams and water bodies, they are more vulnerable to modification of these habitats by anthropogenic as well as climate change impacts. This paper summarizes the state of knowledge on the biology and ecology of this little known species. Over the years, the IUCN SSC Otter Specialist Group has developed a cadre of biologist across Asia to conduct field surveys and has popularized otter conservation by promoting otter as the ambassador of wetlands. However, concerted effort is needed for its long-term survival. Policy based action, research on factors affecting survival, habitat-based actions on creation and where required expansion of protected areas and communication and awareness building among local communities are suggested. Keywords: Asian small-clawed otter, species range, biology, ecology, habitat, genetics, conservation INTRODUCTION Otters belong to the mammalian order Carnivora and family Mustelidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Respiratory Media, Temperature, and Species on Metabolic Rates of Two Sympatric Periophthalmid Mudskippers *
    Micronesica 2018-05: 1–12 Effects of respiratory media, temperature, and species on metabolic rates of two sympatric periophthalmid mudskippers * WAYNE A. BENNETT†, JENNIE S. ROHRER University of West Florida, Department of Biology, Pensacola, Florida, USA NADIARTI N. KADIR Hasinuddin University, Department of Fisheries, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia NANN A. FANGUE University of California, Davis, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, California, USA THERESA F. DABRUZZI Saint Anselm College, Department of Biology, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA Abstract— Oxygen uptake rates in air and water were measured at 26.0 and 32.0°C for common mudskipper Periophthalmus kalolo collected from sun-exposed mudflats, and barred mudskipper Periophthalmus argentilineatus taken from shaded mangal zones on Hoga Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mass-adjusted oxygen consumption rates between mudskippers were statistically similar, with both species exhibiting higher uptake in air than water. Periophthalmus kalolo at 26.0 and 32.0°C had respective uptake values of 0.295 and 0.358 mg g(0.75)−1 hr−1 in air, and 0.198 and 0.241 mg g(0.75)−1 hr−1 in water. Periophthalmus argentilineatus at 26.0 and 32.0°C had oxygen uptake values of 0.262 and 0.343 mg g(0.75)−1 hr−1 in air, and 0.199 and 0.246 mg g(0.75)−1 hr−1 in water. While metabolic rates increased significantly in both species following an acute increase in media temperature, the change was not large, indicating a reduced metabolic response to increasing environmental temperatures. Respective temperature quotients calculated from aerial and aquatic metabolic rate data were 1.38 and 1.39 for P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries
    ISSN 0429-9345 FAO Cold water fisheries in the FISHERIES TECHNICAL trans-Himalayan countries PAPER 431 FAO Cold water fisheries in the FISHERIES TECHNICAL trans-Himalayan countries PAPER 431 Edited by T. Petr Toowoomba, Queensland Australia and S.B. Swar Directorate of Fisheries Development Balaju, Kathmandu Nepal FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2002 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 92-5-104807-X All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2002 iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This volume contains contributions presented at the Symposium on Cold Water Fishes of the Trans-Himalayan Region, which was held on the 10-13 July 2001 in Kathmandu, Nepal. The objectives were to share information on the status of indigenous fish species and fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan region, improve understanding of their importance in peoples’ livelihoods and assess the potential for further development.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Uses 'Water Tongue' to Grab Prey on Land Mudskipper Feeding System Offers an Explanation for How Early Animals Adapted to Land
    NATURE | NEWS Fish uses 'water tongue' to grab prey on land Mudskipper feeding system offers an explanation for how early animals adapted to land. Daniel Cressey 18 March 2015 Amphibious fish that feed on land use water held in their mouths to help them grab and manipulate their prey. The unusual feeding behaviour of mudskippers (Periophthalmus barbarus), captured in high-speed and X-ray video by biologist Krijn Michel and his colleagues at the University of Antwerp, could shed light on the evolution of sea-dwelling animals into terrestrial ones. Michel's colleagues showed in 2006 that eel catfish (Channallabes apus) can successfully feed on land1. But although much research has looked at the changes that allowed the first land animals to move around out of water, less is known about how these animals were able to eat once they made it to land. In water, fish can use ‘suction feeding’ — gulping in water to draw prey into their mouths. But on land, manipulating food near your mouth without a tongue is a trickier proposition. To get around this problem, mudskippers come onto land with water in their mouths. The team’s videos show that as the fish approaches its prey — in the experiments, a piece of prawn on a Plexiglass plate — this water starts to protrude from the mouth. As the mudskipper's jaws envelop the target, the fish uses its water to manipulate the food. “First it spews out the water, then very rapidly… it’s sucking the water back up again. They’re using the water that is in their mouth as a substitute for a tongue,” says Michel.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Recent Status on Mudskippers (Oxudercine Gobies) in Indonesian Waters
    Mini Review Oceanogr Fish Open Access J Volume 9 Issue 4 - March 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Muhammad Iqbal DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2019.09.555769 A Review of Recent Status on Mudskippers (Oxudercine Gobies) in Indonesian Waters Pormansyah1, Muhammad Iqbal1*, Arum Setiawan2, Indra Yustian2 and Hilda Zulkifli2 1Conservation Biology Programe, Faculty of Science, Sriwijaya University 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sriwijaya University Submission: January 17, 2019; Published: March 27, 2019 Corresponding author: Muhammad Iqbal, Conservation Biology Programe, Faculty of Science, Sriwijaya University, Jalan Padang Selasa 524, Palembang 30139, Indonesia Abstract 24 species of mudskippers recently recorded. Refered to seven largest islands region in Indonesia, Sumatra has largest number of mudskippers (14 species),The status following of valid species Java (12 and species, distributional Lesser Sundasrange of (11 mudskippers species), Kalimantan (oxudercine (9 gobies) species), in Indonesian West Papua waters (9 species), are reviewed Sulawesi here. (8 There species) are and Moluccas (8 species). Further research is required to clarify distributional range and to adress conservation challenge of mudskippers in Indonesian waters. Keywords: Review; Mudskipper; Oxudercine gobies; Oxudercidae; Indonesian waters; Diversity Introduction coastal zone is rich in tropical marine ecosystems such as estua- - rial beaches, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass and algal beds and Mudskippers or oxudercine gobies are amphibious fishes na small island ecosystems which are homes of different varieties of tive to the Indo-West Pacific and tropical western Africa [1]. Ten living communities with various types of mode association as well Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmodon, Periophthalmus and Scartela- mudskipper genera are recognized [2]; and of these, four genera, - os, conspicuously emerge out of water to display, forage and de- as richness in species diversity [5].
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Lutrogale Perspicillata Red List 2020
    Lutrogale perspicillata - (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826) ANIMALIA - CHORDATA - MAMMALIA - CARNIVORA - MUSTELIDAE - Lutrogale - perspicillata Common Names: Smooth-coated Otter (English), Indian Smooth-coated Otter (English), Loutre d'Asie (French), Nutria Lisa (Spanish; Castilian), Nutria Simung (Spanish; Castilian) Synonyms: Lutra perspicillata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 Taxonomic Note: The species was named as Lutra perspicillata by Geoffroy 1826 and as Lutrogale perspicillata by Gray 1865. Two subspecies were reported (Pocock 1941) (1) L. p. perspicillata - in northeast and southern India, Myanmar and Sumatra; and (2) L. p. sindica - in north and northwestern India and Pakistan. Another subspecies L. p. maxwelli, whose current status is uncertain, is reported from the marshes of southern Iraq (Mason and Macdonald 1986). Red List Status VU - Vulnerable, A2cde+3cde (IUCN version 3.1) Red List Assessment Assessment Information Date of Assessment: 21/01/2020 Reviewed: 26/02/2020 Assessor(s): Khoo, M., Basak, S., Sivasothi, N., de Silva, P., Reza Lubis, I. Reviewer(s): Hussain, S.A., Duplaix, N. Contributor(s): NA Facilitators/Compilers: Sayanti Basak Assessment Rationale Smooth-coated Otter is essentially an otter of lowlands and floodplains. The most severe threat to the species is habitat degradation and loss due to increasing anthropogenic pressure on wetlands and waterways. Much of the species’ natural habitats have been lost to development activities, including the construction of large-scale hydroelectric projects, reclamation for settlements and agriculture. In addition, aquatic ecosystems are increasingly being polluted by eutrophication and accumulation of persistent pesticides such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphates through agricultural runoffs. This poses a threat not only to the otter populations living in the habitats, but also negatively impacts the aquatic prey biomass that the otters rely on (Melisch et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution, Ecology and Physiology of Amphibious Killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes)
    Journal of Fish Biology (2015) 87, 815–835 doi:10.1111/jfb.12758, available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com REVIEW PAPER Evolution, ecology and physiology of amphibious killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes) A. J. Turko* and P. A. Wright Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 488 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada (Received 13 November 2013, Accepted 24 June 2015) The order Cyprinodontiformes contains an exceptional diversity of amphibious taxa, including at least 34 species from six families. These cyprinodontiforms often inhabit intertidal or ephemeral habitats characterized by low dissolved oxygen or otherwise poor water quality, conditions that have been hypothesized to drive the evolution of terrestriality. Most of the amphibious species are found in the Rivulidae, Nothobranchiidae and Fundulidae. It is currently unclear whether the pattern of amphibi- ousness observed in the Cyprinodontiformes is the result of repeated, independent evolutions, or stems from an amphibious common ancestor. Amphibious cyprinodontiforms leave water for a variety of reasons: some species emerse only briefly, to escape predation or capture prey, while others occupy ephemeral habitats by living for months at a time out of water. Fishes able to tolerate months of emer- sion must maintain respiratory gas exchange, nitrogen excretion and water and salt balance, but to date knowledge of the mechanisms that facilitate homeostasis on land is largely restricted to model species. This review synthesizes the available literature describing amphibious lifestyles in cyprinodontiforms, compares the behavioural and physiological strategies used to exploit the terrestrial environment and suggests directions and ideas for future research. © 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Key words: Fundulus; Kryptolebias; mangrove rivulus; mummichog; terrestriality.
    [Show full text]