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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Third European Intercomparison Exercise

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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Third European Intercomparison Exercise Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Technik und Umwelt Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 6457 Third European Intercomparison Exercise on Internal Dose Assessment Results of a Research Programme in the Framework of the EULEP/EURADOS Action Group “Derivation of Parameter Values for Application to the New Model of the Human Respiratory Tract for Occupational Exposure” 1997-1999 H. Doerfel, A. Andrasi 1), M. R. Bailey 2), A. Birchall 2), C.-M. Castellani 3), C. Hurtgen 4), N. Jarvis 2), L. Johansson 5), B. LeGuen 6), G. Tarroni 3) Hauptabteilung Sicherheit 1) AERI, Budapest, Hungary 2) NRPB, Chilton Didcot, United Kingdom 3) ENEA, Bologna, Italy 4) CEN/SCK, Mol, Belgium 5) University of Umea, Umea, Sweden 6) EDF-GDF, Saint Denis Cedex, France Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe 2000 Abstract The EULEP/EURADOS Action Group „Derivation of Parameter Values for Application to the New Model of the Human Respiratory Tract for Occupational Exposure“ has initiated a new intercomparison exercise on internal dose assessment. During the last few years the ICRP has developed a new generation of more realistic internal dosimetry models, including the Human Respiratory Tract Model (ICRP Publication 66) and recycling systemic models for actinides. These models have been used to calculate dose coefficients, which have been adopted in the revised EURATOM Directive. This recent intercomparison exercise gave special consideration to the effects of the new models and the choice of input parameters on the assessment of internal doses from monitoring results. It also took into account some aspects which have not been considered in previous exercises, such as air monitoring, natural radionuclides, exposure of the public, artificially created cases and artificially reduced information. Seven case scenarios were distributed, dealing with H-3, Sr-90, I-125, Cs-137, Po-210, U-238 and Pu-239, and covering different intake scenarios and all monitoring techniques. Results were received from 50 participants, 43 representing 18 European countries and 7 from five countries outside Europe. So it is by far the largest exercise of this type carried out to date. Most participants attempted more than half of the cases. Thus on average there were 35 responses per case with a total of about 240 answers, giving a good overview of the state of the art of internal dosimetry. The results in terms of intake and committed effective dose were log-normally distributed with the geometric standard deviation ranging from about 1.2 for the cases dealing with H-3 and Cs- 137, up to about 2.4 for the cases dealing with Pu-239. A key feature of the exercise was a Workshop, involving most of the participants, at which each case and the various approaches taken to assessing it were discussed. Several reasons for the differences in the results were identified, including different assumptions about the pattern of intake, and the choice of model. An important conclusion of the exercise was the need to develop agreed guidelines for internal dose evaluation procedures to promote harmonisation of assessments between organisations and countries. Dritter Europäischer Vergleich zur internen Dosimetrie Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprogramms im Rahmen der EULEP/EURADOS Aktionsgruppe "Derivation of Parameter Values for Application to the New Model of the Human Respiratory Tract for Occupational Exposure" 1997-1999 Zusammenfassung Die EULEP/EURADOS Arbeitsgruppe „Derivation of Parameter Values for Application to the New Model of the Human Respiratory Tract for Occupational Exposure“ hat einen neuen Vergleich zur internen Dosimetrie initiiert. Hintergrund des neuen Vergleichs ist die Tatsache, daß die ICRP in den letzten Jahren eine neue Generation von biokinetischen Modellen entwickelt hat, die eine realistischere Beschreibung der internen Dosimetrie ermöglichen als die früheren Modelle. So wurde unter anderem ein neues Modell für den Atemtrakt entwickelt (ICRP Publikation 66) sowie verschiedene neue systemische Modelle für die Aktiniden, bei denen erstmalig auch Rezirkulationsvorgänge berücksichtigt werden. Mit diesen neuen Modellen wurden neue Dosisfaktoren berechnet, die in die neuen EURATOM Grundnormen aufgenommen worden sind. Der neue Vergleich bezog sich speziell auf die Auswirkungen der neuen Modelle und der neuen Modellparameter auf die Berechnung der internen Dosis aus den Inkororporationsmeßdaten. Außerdem wurden in den neuen Vergleich auch einige Aspekte aufgenommen, die bei früheren Vergleichen nicht berücksichtigt worden sind, wie z. B. die Raumluftüberwachung, die natürliche Radioaktivität, die innere Strahlenexposition der Bevölkerung, theoretisch konstruierte Fälle sowie Fälle mit künstlich reduzierter Information. Es wurden sieben Fallstudien verteilt, die sich mit Inkorporationen von H-3, Sr-90, I-125, Cs- 137, Po-210, U-238 und Pu-239 befaßten und die verschiedene Zufuhrszenarien sowie alle gängigen Überwachungsverfahren abdeckten. Die Fallstudien wurden von 43 Teilnehmern aus 18 europäischen Ländern und von 7 Teilnehmern aus 5 weiteren Ländern bearbeitet. Die meisten Teilnehmer lieferten Abschätzungen für mehr als die Hälfte der Fallstudien. So lagen für jeden Fall durchschnittlich 35 Abschätzungen vor, die einen guten Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der internen Dosimetrie gaben. Die Ergebnisse für die Aktivitätszufuhr und die effektive Folgeäquivalentdosis können durch logarithmische Normalverteilungen beschrieben werden, wobei die geometrische Standardabweichung zwischen etwa 1,2 bei den H-3- und Cs-137-Fällen und etwa 2,4 bei den Pu-239-Fällen liegt. Eine Schlüsselfunktion des Vergleichs kam einem Workshop zu, bei dem die Fallstudien und die verschiedenen Lösungsansätze mit nahezu allen Teilnehmern diskutiert werden konnten. So konnten einige Ursachen für die Abweichungen der Ergebnisse identifiziert werden, wie z.B. unterschiedliche Annahmen hinsichtlich der Zufuhrmuster sowie der verwendeten Modelle. Es wurde ein dringender Bedarf zur Entwicklung allgemeiner Richtlinien für die Auswertung von Inkorporationsmeßdaten in Hinblick auf eine Harmonisierung der Dosisabschätzungen in den verschiedenen Institutionen festgestellt. Contents FOREWORD 3 Background 3 Tasks of the Action Group 4 Complementary databases on radioactive materials 5 EURADOS Database on Internal Radiation Exposure of Workers 5 Database on Experimental Studies of Lung Clearance 5 Intercomparison subgroup 6 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 OBJECTIVES 10 3 ORGANISATION 10 4 RESULTS 11 4.1 General 11 4.2 Procedure for selecting data for statistical evaluation 13 4.3 Results on cases 14 4.3.1 Continuous intake of Tritium 14 4.3.2 Incidental intake of 90Sr/90Y21 4.3.3 Repeated intake of 125I28 4.3.4 Continuous intake of 137Cs 39 4.3.5 Enhanced intake of natural activity 45 4.3.6 Accidental intake of 239Pu 55 4.3.7 Intake of 239Pu long time ago 65 ANNEX A: PROGRAMME SCHEDULE 75 ANNEX B: PARTICIPATING INSTITUTES 77 ANNEX C: GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE CASES 80 ANNEX D: GUIDELINES FOR PRESENTING THE RESULTS 82 ANNEX E: COMPUTER CODES USED BY THE PARTICIPANTS 83 ANNEX F: DATA ON CASES 85 F1: Continuous intake of Tritium 85 F1.1 Case description 85 F1.2 Answers of the participants 87 F1.3 Example I 92 F1.4 Example II 97 F2: Incidental intake of 90Sr/90Y 100 F2.1 Case description 100 1 F2.2 Answers of the participants 102 F2.3 Example I 107 F2.4 Example II 109 F3 Multiple intake of 125I 111 F3.1 Case description 111 F3.2 Answers of the participants 116 F3.3 Example I 124 F3.4 Example II 131 F4 Continuous intake of 137Cs 135 F4.1 Case description 135 F4.2 Answers of the participants 137 F4.3 Example I 143 F4.4 Example II 147 F5 Enhanced intake of natural radioactivity 151 F5.1 Case description 151 F5.2 Answers of the participants 154 F5.3 Example I 157 F5.4 Example II 160 F6 Single intake of 239Pu 164 F6.1 Case description 164 F6.2 Answers of the participants 167 F6.3 Example I 178 F6.4 Example I 182 F7 Reconstruction of an exposure to Pu 188 F7.1 Case description 188 F7.2 Answers of the participants 192 F7.3 Example I 199 F7.4 Example II 203 ANNEX G: WORKSHOP DISCUSSION 207 REFERENCES: 210 2 3rd European Intercomparison Exercise on Internal Dose Assessment Foreword Background The Third European Intercomparison Exercise on Internal Dose Assessment has been carried out within the framework of a joint Action Group of EULEP (European Late Effects Project Group) and EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group). As part of the Nuclear Fission Safety Programme of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Commission, a Joint Concerted Action has been carried out (under contract N° FI4P-CT96-0061) during the period 1997-1999 between three organisations involved in promoting collaboration and co-operation between European institutes in the field of radiation protection: EULEP, EURADOS and UIR (International Union of Radioecologists). The Concerted Action itself consists of a number of Action Groups involving members of one or more of the organisations. The activities carried out under the Concerted Action have been reported in a joint Newsletter produced as one of the joint actions between all three organisations, at approximately 6-month intervals. (Limited numbers of copies of the Newsletter are available on request from its Editor, Dr Pascal Pihet, IPSN, BP N° 6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.). The EULEP-EURADOS Action Group (1.3) entitled “Derivation of parameter values for application to the new model of the human respiratory tract for occupational exposure”, had the overall objective of undertaking a review of the
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