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Aluminum-Bronze Alloy Coinage: Basic Data and History
ALUMINUM-BRONZE ALLOY COINAGE: BASIC DATA AND HISTORY compiled and edited by: Mr. Gary S. Dykes September, 2015 The aluminum-bronze alloy is a modern introduction. The combination of copper and aluminum first took place in the mid 1800s. It was very expensive to produce and consequently, other than being an object of investigation for metallurgists, was not much used. In the early 21st century the U.S., Mint evaluated various metals and alloys to replace the copper coinage in circulation. However, not evaluated were the aluminum-bronze types, probably because they also contain large amounts of copper. As for pure aluminum coins, these are first seen in 1907. [East Africa 1/2 cent]. In the 1865 Annual of the National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. Mint assayer (J. P. Eckfeldt) evaluated aluminum-bronze alloy for the production of coins. He determined that an aluminum-bronze coin alloy was unfavorable (his tests alloys were generally, nine parts of Cu to one part of Al): unacceptable as the coins tarnished quickly in the closed hand. [data from the 1865 Annual, tests were done in June 8, 1864, pages 139-142, Appendix C of the 1865 Annual]. [NOTE: Eckfeldt had heat treated and shaped the metal before testing, which probably accounts for the tarnish he observed]. Modern methods and alloy improvements, provide aluminum-bronze ingots/coins with no tarnish problems. P. H. G. Durville of France has a patent (US 1007548A) involving the making of aluminum bronze alloys via the addition of the proper amounts of manganese for reducing the aluminum oxides occurring during the making of the alloy. -
The UK in the European Union: in Brief
The UK in the European Union: in brief Standard Note: SN/IA/7060 Last updated: 15 December 2014 Author: Vaughne Miller Section International Affairs and Defence Section The European Economic Community (EEC) was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and the UK joined the EEC in 1973. This Note looks at some of the main events of the UK’s membership of the EEC/EC/EU. This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public. Contents Introduction 3 1951– Treaty of Paris 3 1955 – Messina Conference 3 1957 – Treaty of Rome 3 1959 – UK joins European Free Trade Association 3 1961- UK bid to join EEC 3 1967 – French veto of UK EEC membership 3 1969 – Third UK application 3 1973 – UK joins the EEC 4 1975 – UK Referendum on EU membership 4 1977 – First UK Presidency 4 1979 - European Monetary System 4 1981 – EU enlargement 4 1984 – UK Budget Rebate 4 1986 -
Delvaux Opens a New Flagship in Beijing
DELVAUX OPENS A NEW FLAGSHIP IN BEIJING Delvaux continues its strategy of international expansion and strengthens its presence in China by opening a new boutique in Beijing. Situated in the exclusive, new-expanded China World Mall, one of the first luxury shopping centres of Beijing, it is located in the prosperous Chaoyang District. As in Brussels, Paris, London, Milan, New York or Rome, every Delvaux boutique is different from another. The boutique interior has been decorated with a pale gold metal effect, while images of the iconic Grand Place in Brussels grace the walls of the VIP room. Exotic leather pieces are beautifully showcased on a decorative black glass display and flanked by the distinctive 1960’s Angolo Armchairs by Italian designer Corrado Corradi Dell’acqua. Sense of history and contemporary aesthetics merge together to create an inimitable character imbued with Belgitude. For this brand new address, Delvaux Chairman and CEO Jean-Marc Loubier, with the support of the Milanese architectural studio Vudafieri Saverino Partners, has developed an exceptional boutique façade. Delvaux’s signature white wooden panelling has been enriched with illuminated gold metal stripes, giving a surprising warmth to the outside walls. Delvaux China World boutique will be the first Delvaux store to offer onsite personalisation, a service which allows clients to personalise purchased items by adding their initials to them. Clients can choose from two exclusive Delvaux fonts, including one which has been specially developed with Delvaux’s signature crown for each letter. Available in different sizes, clients have a multitude of choices for customising their leather designs with their own personal style and fantasy. -
Die Bischöfe Der Donaumonarchie 1804 Bis 1918 Ein Amtsbiographisches Lexikon
Die Bischöfe der Donaumonarchie 1804 bis 1918 Ein amtsbiographisches Lexikon Herausgegeben von Rupert Klieber Band I Die röm.-kath. Kirchenprovinzen Gran, Kalocsa, Erlau im Königreich Ungarn Unter Mitarbeit von Péter Tusor Duncker & Humblot · Berlin \Tissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter der Redaktion und Recherche in den Zentralarchiven: Iswán Fazekas, András Éorg , Zs fra Szirtes, Thomas Schulte-Umberg, Krisztina T th Thágerschaften und fordernde Einrichtungen: miversitát wren Universitát \7ien, Katholisch-Theologische Fakultát, Institut ftir Historische Theologie, Fach Kirchengeschichte https : / /kg-ktf, univie. ac. atl m, W Katholische P ét"er -P ánmány- Unive rs i tát B udap es t, Ungarische Akademie der Wissenschaften, MTA-PPKE Vilmos Frakn i Romische Historische Forschungsgruppe Programm ,Lendtilet' LP 20L2153 http : / / i ns tit utumfrakno i. hu/ en Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet tiber http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Alle Rechte vorbehalten @ ZOZO Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin Satz: L101 Mediengestaltung, Fíirstenwalde Druck: Das Druckteam, Berlin Printed in Germany ISBN 97 B-3 -428-15648 -I (Print) ISBN 97 B -3 -428-55648-9 (E,-Book) Gedruckt auf "jffi:.sjffiÍl3$;J;n .n.'.m) Papier Internet: http://www.duncker-humblot.de Inhaltsverzeichnis Die römisch-katholischen Kirchenprovinzen der Donaumonarchie . XIII Autorinnen und Autoren der Biogramme .............................................. -
The Coinage of Akragas C
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia 6:1 STUDIA NUMISMATICA UPSALIENSIA 6:1 The Coinage of Akragas c. 510–406 BC Text and Plates ULLA WESTERMARK I STUDIA NUMISMATICA UPSALIENSIA Editors: Harald Nilsson, Hendrik Mäkeler and Ragnar Hedlund 1. Uppsala University Coin Cabinet. Anglo-Saxon and later British Coins. By Elsa Lindberger. 2006. 2. Münzkabinett der Universität Uppsala. Deutsche Münzen der Wikingerzeit sowie des hohen und späten Mittelalters. By Peter Berghaus and Hendrik Mäkeler. 2006. 3. Uppsala universitets myntkabinett. Svenska vikingatida och medeltida mynt präglade på fastlandet. By Jonas Rundberg and Kjell Holmberg. 2008. 4. Opus mixtum. Uppsatser kring Uppsala universitets myntkabinett. 2009. 5. ”…achieved nothing worthy of memory”. Coinage and authority in the Roman empire c. AD 260–295. By Ragnar Hedlund. 2008. 6:1–2. The Coinage of Akragas c. 510–406 BC. By Ulla Westermark. 2018 7. Musik på medaljer, mynt och jetonger i Nils Uno Fornanders samling. By Eva Wiséhn. 2015. 8. Erik Wallers samling av medicinhistoriska medaljer. By Harald Nilsson. 2013. © Ulla Westermark, 2018 Database right Uppsala University ISSN 1652-7232 ISBN 978-91-513-0269-0 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345876 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345876) Typeset in Times New Roman by Elin Klingstedt and Magnus Wijk, Uppsala Printed in Sweden on acid-free paper by DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2018 Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.uu.se, [email protected] The publication of this volume has been assisted by generous grants from Uppsala University, Uppsala Sven Svenssons stiftelse för numismatik, Stockholm Gunnar Ekströms stiftelse för numismatisk forskning, Stockholm Faith and Fred Sandstrom, Haverford, PA, USA CONTENTS FOREWORDS ......................................................................................... -
Mintage of Irish Euro Coins
Central Bank of Ireland - UNRESTRICTED Central Bank of Ireland Currency Centre MINTAGE OF IRISH EURO COINS FIGURES COMPLETED UP TO 31 DECEMBER 2019 COINAGE DATED 2002 – 2019 2002 2003 2004 2005 20061 20072 2008 2009 1 cent 404,340,000 77,900,000 174,830,000 128,550,000 110,930,000 163,800,000 46,120,000 52,170,000 2 cent 354,640,000 177,290,000 143,000,000 74,650,000 26,550,000 200,940,000 35,800,000 44,250,000 5 cent 456,270,000 48,350,000 82,330,000 56,510,000 89,770,000 136,210,000 61,870,000 11,300,000 10 cent 275,910,000 133,820,000 36,770,000 7,150,000 9,600,000 76,990,000 56,530,000 11,740,000 20 cent 234,580,000 57,140,000 32,420,000 40,490,000 10,360,000 34,470,000 45,970,000 5,390,000 50 cent 144,140,000 11,810,000 6,750,000 17,310,000 7,460,000 8,680,000 1,190,000 2,900,000 1 Euro 135,140,000 2,520,000 1,630,000 6,820,000 4,000,000 5,700,000 2,560,000 3,290,000 2 Euro 90,590,000 2,630,000 3,740,000 13,470,000 5,080,000 12,110,0003 6,080,000 1,010,0004 Total 2,095,610,000 511,460,000 481,470,000 344,950,000 263,750,000 638,900,000 256,120,000 132,050,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20156 20168 2017 2018 2019 1 cent 10,920,000 40,950,000 61,370,000 61,464,000 35,131,000 40,000 210,000 9,170 19980 - 2 cent 3,470,000 4,700,000 11,910,000 34,799,000 3,112,000 40,000 160,000 9,120 19990 - 5 cent 990,000 990,000 1,020,000 1,042,000 1,055,000 1,100,000 80,000 782,980 30,066,180 30,000,000 10 cent 1,050,000 920,000 1,060,000 936,000 1,080,000 9,160,000 2,280,000 189,255 179,800 10,000,000 20 cent 1,000,000 1,140,000 970,000 1,284,000 1,183,000 -
NOVINKY Z RADNICE Život a Kultúra Trnavy Adventu a Vianoc
december 2020/január 2021 novinky zživot a kultúraradnice trnavy foto: Matúš Koprda mesto trnava ročník XXXI číslo 11/12 nepredajné! editorial Pavol Tomašovič Zmena priorít Posledné roky bola hybnou silou nášho myslenia, túžob i predstáv zmena. Zmena k lepšiemu. Jedným z jej predpokladov mala byť ekonomika, ktorej fundamentom sa stala produkcia nových tovarov. Znižovanie nákladov mala korigovať efektivita vo všetkých oblastiach. V tejto viere a schéme nastavenia spoločnosti nás prekvapila nečakaná zmena, ktorá bola spôsobená ochorením Covid-19. Zmena, o ktorú nám pôvodne vôbec nešlo. Napriek tomu ju nemôžeme ignorovať. Spomalila nielen ekonomiku, ale zasiahla do života každého človeka. Istota životného cieľa v podobe materiálneho zabezpečenia dostala náhle trhlinu. S rastúcimi číslami chorých i mŕtvych nás čoraz intenzívnejšie začali napĺňať obavy a strach. Odkryli tú časť života, ktorú sme v čase plánovania a nádejí prehliadali. Odkryli našu krehkosť i zraniteľnosť. V kultúre a tradícii, ktoré sa snažili reflektovať život ako celok, bola ľudská krehkosť zväčša v rovnováhe s túžbami a víziami. K udržaniu rovnováhy napomáhali sviatky, vyhradené dni a symboly, ktoré odkazovali k širšiemu kontextu. Odstupom od každodenného zhonu dokázali prinavrátiť hodnotu človeku, jeho snahám, hľadaniam i trápeniam. Viedli k zreálneniu snov a k pochopeniu, že každá minúta ľudského života je jedinečná a jej naplnenie záleží na nás. V tejto kontinuite myslenia je zakódovaná aj samotná podstata NOVINKY Z RADNICE Život a kultúra Trnavy adventu a Vianoc. Život ako dar, ktorého hodnotu neurčujú peniaze, dĺžka či vek, ale naplnenie. Nad ekonomikou zisku Vydavateľ: Mesto Trnava stoja hodnoty lásky, obety a obdarovania. Predchádzajúce IČO: 00313114 Evidenčné číslo: EV 2899/09 dni nám potvrdili, že cesta k efektivite napríklad nemocníc, ISSN 1339-8989 postavená na znižovaní lôžok, prepúšťaní a škrtení financií Náklad 5 000 ks pre sociálne služby nie je cestou, ktorá nás zachráni. -
Different Compositions of the Appeals Board/Administrative Tribunal
DIFFERENTS COMPOSITIONS OF THE APPEALS BOARD/ ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL since 1965 Appeals Board on 25 September 1965 Members Mr E. HAMBRO Chair (Norway) Mr G.H. Van HERWAARDEN Deputy Chair (Netherlands) Mr M. RECKINGER Judge (Luxembourg) Deputy Members Mr H.J. Von OERTZEN Deputy Judge (Fed. Rep. of Germany) Mr S. VEROSTA Deputy Judge (Austria) Sir John WHYATT (Sept.65/Oct.67) Deputy Judge (United Kingdom) Appeals Board on 25 September 1968 Members Mr E. HAMBRO Chair (Norway) Mr G.H. Van HERWAARDEN Deputy Chair (Netherlands) Mr M. RECKINGER Judge (Luxembourg) Deputy Members Mr Cantono di CEVA Deputy Judge (Italy) Mr H.J. Von OERTZEN Deputy Judge (Fed. Rep. of Germany) Prof. S. VEROSTA Deputy Judge (Austria) Appeals Board on 25 September 1971 Members Mr E. HAMBRO Chair (Norway) Mr G.H. Van HERWAARDEN Deputy Chair (Netherlands) Mr H. DELVAUX Judge (Luxembourg) Deputy Members Mr Cantono di CEVA Deputy Judge (Italy) Mr H.J. Von OERTZEN Deputy Judge (Fed. Rep. of Germany) Mr S. VEROSTA Deputy Judge (Austria) Appeals Board on 25 September 1974 Members Mr H. DELVAUX Chair (Luxembourg) Mr S. VEROSTA Deputy Chair (Austria) Mr S. Cantono di CEVA Judge (Italy) Deputy Members Mr E. DIEZ Deputy Judge (Switzerland) Mr H. KITSCHENBERG Deputy Judge (Fed. Rep. of Germany) Appeals Board on 25 September 1977 Members Mr H. DELVAUX Chair (Luxembourg) Mr H. KITSCHENBERG Deputy Chair (Fed. Rep. of Germany) Mr S. Cantono di CEVA Judge (Italy) Deputy Members Mr E. DIEZ Deputy Judge (Switzerland) Mr GÖZÜBÜYÜK Deputy Judge (Turkey) Mr K. HERNDL Deputy Judge (Austria) EXTENSION OF THE OFFICES OF ALL MEMBERS OF THE APPEALS BOARD FROM SEPTEMBER 1980 TO SEPTEMBER 1981 Appeals Board on 25 September 1981 Members Mr W.J. -
The Making of a Delvaux Bag: a Legacy of Artisanal Craftsmanship
The making of a Delvaux bag: A legacy of artisanal craftsmanship Delvaux, inventor of the handbag If Delvaux is renowned and celebrated for the quality of its creations, it is in large part thanks to the meticulous, skilled craftsmanship that is at the heart of the company’s legacy and strategy. Founded in 1829 and official supplier to Belgium’s royal family since 1883, Delvaux was the first leather maker to file patents for handbags, as early as 1908. More than 3,000 handbag designs are recorded in Le Livre d’Or, including timeless and iconic pieces which are constantly reinvented, such as the Brillant (1958), the Mutin (1962), the Tempête (1967), the Pin (1972) or the Madame (1977). Exceptional savoir-faire At Delvaux, the making of all its products is entrusted to artisans possessing a rare level of expertise. With passion and precision, these skilled craftspeople are dedicated to la maison’s heritage which is continually reaffirmed with the creation of the finest contemporary classics—genuine works of art. Specialized in handling fine leathers,la maison’s artisans find fertile ground for expressing their expertise: they work with hides coming from the best French and Italian tanneries. These selected hides are reworked and assembled in Delvaux’s European ateliers. Selected according to the strictest criteria, rare leathers such as alligator, galuchat, ostrich, lizard and python are a Delvaux specialty. Only the highest quality skins are chosen as the foundation for crafting unique and precious designs. A unique site Entering the Arsenal in Brussels—the historic building that houses Delvaux—one has a sense of being immersed in a singular world. -
C 62 Official Journal
ISSN 1977-091X Official Journal C 62 of the European Union Volume 57 English edition Information and Notices 4 March 2014 Notice No Contents Page II Information INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES European Commission 2014/C 62/01 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case COMP/M.7138 — ThyssenKrupp/Acciai Speciali Terni/Outokumpu VDM) ( 1) . 1 2014/C 62/02 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case COMP/M.7052 — Lloyds Development Capital/ PostNL/TNT Post UK) ( 1) . 2 2014/C 62/03 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case COMP/M.7157 — BPCE/GIMV/Veolia Transport Belgium) ( 1) . 2 2014/C 62/04 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case COMP/M.7168 — Lukoil/ISAB/ISAB Energy/ISAB Energy Services) ( 1) . 3 Price: 1 EN EUR 3 ( ) Text with EEA relevance (Continued overleaf) Notice No Contents (continued) Page IV Notices NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES Council 2014/C 62/05 Council conclusions — Efficient and innovative education and training to invest in skills — Supporting the 2014 European Semester . 4 European Commission 2014/C 62/06 Interest rate applied by the European Central Bank to its main refinancing operations: 0,25 % on 1 March 2014 — Euro exchange rates . 7 2014/C 62/07 New national sides of euro circulation coins . 8 2014/C 62/08 New national side of euro coins intended for circulation . 9 EN 4.3.2014 EN Official Journal of the European Union C 62/1 II (Information) INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES EUROPEAN COMMISSION Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case COMP/M.7138 — ThyssenKrupp/Acciai Speciali Terni/Outokumpu VDM) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/C 62/01) On 12 February 2014, the Commission decided not to oppose the above notified concentration and to declare it compatible with the common market. -
Tracing the Former Iron Curtain, Which Divided Europe Into East and West
European Green Belt Borders Separate - Nature Unites Tracing the former Iron Curtain, which divided Europe into East and West for almost forty years, a Green Belt now winds its way from the Barents Sea to the Adriatic Sea, and on from there to the Black Sea. It serves as a connection between valuable landscapes, habitats, and people. Over 12,500 km, a unique habitat network, a living landscape of memory developed and is still growing today. Borders Separate - Brown bear (Ursus arctos) Nature Unites Arnica (Arnica montana) Treasure Trove of Biodiversity Birds singing, the sound of the waves, the cry of an eagle, and the smell of wilderness places. Large mammals like brown bear, moose and grey seal, small insects such as wild bees and dragonflies, and rare plants such as arnica, all live here in harmony in the blooming meadows, the murmuring streams, the rich forests and the roaring sea. A splendid fan of rare habitats unfolds into an incomparable natural heritage. Where the Iron Curtain once separa- ted people, nature found rest and built her home, then as is now. Wild bee (Anthophora plumipes) Former border tower at the inner-German Green Belt A Landscape of Memory Against Oblivion The Green Belt Europe is an extraordinary symbol of modern European history. This living monument describes the peaceful end of the Cold War and the fall of the Iron Curtain. It transforms the tragic history of the 20th century into a symbol of European cooperation against man-made borders and for the natural world. Threats Buried under the natural beauty of Fennoscandia lie valu- able raw materials such as iron, gold, copper, bauxite and oil, each awakening desires of industrial exploitation. -
Coin Strategy
CASE HISTORY COIN 1 COIN: one hundred years of history • 1916 Vittorio Coin starts the Gruppo Coin activities • 1926 First Coin Store (Mirano, Venice) • 1965 Coin P.za 5 Giornate opens (Milan) • 1972 First “Organizzazione Vendite Speciali” (Oviesse) store • 1986 Coin is the first retailer to develop a fidelity card program in Italy • 1995 Oviesse become an apparel retailer • 1998 Acquisition of La Standa • 1999 Listing of Gruppo Coin on the Milan Stock Exchange • 2005 PAI equity fund becomes Gruppo Coin majority shareholder • 2008 Acquisition of Melablu • 2010 Acquisition of UPIM • 2011 BC Partners becomes Gruppo Coin majority shareholder • 2011 Excelsior opens in Milan • 2012 Acquisition of IANA • 2013 Excelsior opens in Verona • 2014 Coin Excelsior opens in Rome 2 Coin in a snapshot Established in 1926, Coin is the largest Italian department store €413,2 m net sales in 2014 77 stores in Italy and 20 abroad, located downtown in the most important Italian cities and shopping areas Portfolio of 800 brands 46 million visitors every year 21,6 million items sold and 12 million receipts 3 Where we come from: Net Sales and Sqm building 2008–2010–2012 TOTAL CATEGORY (Beauty and Home not included) ● NET SALES 2008 2010 2012 11% 35% 33% hb 41% 50% 32% ws 57% concession 17% 24% NET SALES (€/1000): 232.935 NET SALES (€/1000): 273.814 NET SALES (€/1000): 276.158 ● SQM BUILDING 2008 2010 2012 8% 26% 35% hb 31% 43% ws 48% concession 61% 26% 22% SQM: 74.100 SQM: 82.010 SQM: 91.335 4 Where we come from: Trend 2007-2011 Ebitda trend (2007 – 2011 ) is positive