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Open Access Policy OPEN ACCESS POLICY Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research is an open access journal. All articles published by the Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research (IJVASR) are freely and permanently accessible online at http://www.tanuvas.tn.nic.in/ijvasr/ ijvasr-articles.html INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES RESEARCH (Bi-monthly) EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Dr. S. Balasubramanian Director of Research Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 600 051 Associate Editor Dr. R. Jayaprakash Professor Department of Surgery and Radiology Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007 Members Dr. Geetha Ramesh Dr. Parimal Roy Professor and Head Professor and Head Dept. of Anatomy Central University Laboratory, TANUVAS Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 7 Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 51. Dr. C. Ramani Dr. V. Leela Professor Professor Dept. of Surgery and Radiology Dept. of Veterinary Physiology Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 7 Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 7 Dr. H. Gopi Dr. B. Dhanalakshmi Professor and Head Professor Post Graduate Research Institute in Dept. of Livestock Products Technology Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam (Dairy Science). MVC, Chennai - 7 Dr. R. Sridhar Dr. O.R. Sathyamoorthy Professor Professor and Head Dept. of Veterinary Pathology Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 7 VC&RI, Orathanadu Dr. S.C. Edwin Dr. R.K. Kanimozhi Professor and Head Assistant Professor Dept. of Livestock Production and University Research Farm Management, VC&RI, Tirunelveli Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 51 INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES RESEARCH (Bi-monthly) INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Yung-Fu Chang Dr. John Gilleard, BVSc, Ph.D, Dip EVPC, MRCVS Director, Infectious Disease Research Laboratory Director of Research Animal Health Diagnostic Center Dept. of Comparative Biology and Professor Experimental Medicine Department of Population Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Sciences University of Calgary C1-114, Vet Medical Center 3330, Hospital Drive NW College of Veterinary Medicine Calgary Cornell University, Ithaca Alberta New York 14853-5786, USA Canada Dr. Puliyur S. Mohankumar, B.V.Sc., Ph.D. Dr. Damer Blake, MSc, Ph.D, PGC Vet Ed, FHEA Associate Professor Lecturer in Molecular Parasitology Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Dept. of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Investigation The Royal Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine University of London Michigan State University Hatfield, Herts AL 9 7TA East Lansing, MI 48824. USA United Kingdom Dr. Elankumaran Subbiah, BVSc, MVSc, Ph.D, Prof. Dr. Terry Spithill Diplomate ACVM Co-Director of AgriBio Associate Professor of Virology The Centre for AgriBio Science Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Faculty of Science, Technology & Engineering Center for Molecular Medicine School of Life Sciences, and Infectious Disease La Trobe University Virginia - Maryland Regional College of Veterinary 5, Ring Road,Bundoora Medicine Melbourne Victoria 3086 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia - 24061. USA Australia Attention Contributors The Editorial Board of Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research has decided to collect Rs. 200/- (Rupees Two hundred only) as processing fee from the authors at the time of submission of articles for publication in the Journal. This would help the authors to hasten the publication of their articles without any delay. Hence, the contributing authors are requested to send Rs. 200/- as Cheque / Demand Draft drawn in favour of “ The Chief Editor, IJVASR & Director of Research, TANUVAS, Chennai - 600 051” along with the manuscript during submission. Out station authors are requested to send Demand Draft only. The authors are also requested to mention their contact phone number and E-mail address. Chief Editor Review articles invited from eminent Scientists The Editorial Board of Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research invites review articles from eminent research scientists in the field of Veterinary and Fisheries Sciences, on the latest / current topics of interest for publication in the Journal. The review article (both hard and soft copy ) may please be sent to the Chief Editor / Associate Editor, Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research for publication. Chief Editor INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES RESEARCH (Formerly Tamil Nadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) This Journal is published bi-monthly by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai in February, April, June, August, October and December of every year. 1. Annual Subscription (Inland) - Rs.500/- (Rupees Five hundred only) 2. Life Membership (Inland) - Rs.3000/-(Rupees Three thousand only) (for 10 years) 3. Processing fee (Inland) - Rs.200/- (Rupees Two hundred only) 4. Annual Subscription (Foreign) - US $50/- (Fifty US Dollars only) 5. Life Membership (Foreign) - US $250/- (Two hundred and fifty US Dollars only) 6. Processing fee (Foreign) - US $10/- (Ten US Dollar only) Subscriptions are payable in advance and the subscription rates are inclusive of postal charges. Demand draft is to be drawn in favour of “The Chief Editor, IJVASR & Director of Research, TANUVAS, Chennai - 51. Advance payment of annual subscription is solicited for uninterrupted supply of the journal. The first / corresponding authors are requested to inform their email addresses and contact numbers while submitting manuscripts to this journal. Chief Editor INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES RESEARCH (Formerly Tamil Nadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) Vol. 44 July - August 2015 No. 4 Invited article 1. Genomic regulation of estrous behavior in dairy cows 213 Ramanathan Kasimanickam and Vanmathy Kasimanickam Full length articles 2. Consequence of variation in ingredients on sensory quality of chhana podo 229 S.S. Bankar, M. Raziuddin and P. N. Zanjad 3. Peak yield and days to attain peak yield of dairy cows under field condition 233 Jakir Hussain, R. Roychoudhury, D. C. Mili, G. C. Das and R. N. Goswami 4. Preliminary studies to assess the suitability of utilizing corriander leaf extract in production of flavored butter 236 N.Dhivya and S.Thangam Shri 5. A field investigation on spontaneous abortion in an organised goat farm in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu 241 B.Puvarajan, S.Manoharan, G.Balakrishnan, S.Krishnakumar, B.S.M.Ronald and N.Jeyathilakan 6. Assessment of training needs and training strategy for para-veterinarians 246 A.Suresh Naik, M.Srinivasa Reddy, D.Thammiraju, G.V.Bhaskar Reddy and Alok Bharti 7. Prevalence of kidney diseases in slaughtered sheep and goats in Jammu region 253 Sahil Dutta, Shafiqur Rahman, Shagufta Azmi, and Navdeep Kour Short Communication 8. A record of black sea squirts, Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816) (Family: Pyuridae) and Phallusia nigra (Savigny, 1816) (Family: Ascidiidae) off Thoothukudi, Southeast Coast of India (08º 35’ 22.5” N lat. 78º 27’ 40.9” E long and 08º 31’ 91.2”N lat. 78º 25’ 32.7”E) 260 T. Vaitheeswaran, T. Rajasekaran and S. Balasubramani 9. Comparative efficacy of various techniques to detect early pregnancy in Kenguri ewes 266 Vijayalaxmi , M. K. Tandle, M. D. Suranagi, Ashok Pawar, N. V. Jadhav and B. V. Shivaprakash 10. A new record of Sea Spider Endeis mollis (Carpenter, 1904) (family: Pycnogonidae: Wilson, 1878) off Thoothukudi, Southeast Coast of India (08º 35’ 22.5” N lat. 78º 27’ 40.9” E long and 08º 31’ 91.2”N lat. 78º 25’ 32.7”E) 270 T. Vaitheeswaran, T. Rajasekaran and S. Balasubramani 11. Incidence of Contagious Ecthyma (ORF) in goats in an organized farm 275 N.Bharathy* and N.Akila 12. A record of Box Crab, Matuta planipes (Fabricius, 1798) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Matutidae) off Thoothukudi Water, Southeast Coast of India (08º 35’ 22.5” N LAT. 78º 27’ 40.9” E long and 08º 31’ 91.2”N LAT. 78º 25’ 32.7”E) 278 T. Vaitheeswaran, T. Rajasekaran and S. Balasubramani 13. Surgical management of esophageal foreign body in a dog suffering from trigeminal neuralgia 284 Mohamed Shafiuzama, M.S. Sabarish Babu and Nitin J D Souza Invited Article GENOMIC REGULATION OF ESTROUS BEHAVIOR IN DAIRY COWS Ramanathan Kasimanickam* and Vanmathy Kasimanickam Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA ABSTRACT The expression of estrous behavior by dairy cows has progressively declined over the past several decades. Reduced estrus expression by cows is one of the factors insinuated as the cause for suboptimal fertility. Variation in the expression of estrous behavior within and between cows is associated with alterations in hormone profile particularly circulating steroids, progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2), concentrations prior to and during estrus. Estradiol acts on the brain by genomic, non-genomic and growth factor-dependent mechanisms to elicit estrus behavior. Progesterone plays a pivotal priming role for full display of estrus. A number of genes expressions were associated with duration and intensity of estrous behavior. A better understanding the gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary and ovarian axis in follicular and luteal phase cows, respectively, is critical. This could contribute to improved genomic selection strategies for appropriate expression of estrus behavior. INTRODUCTION luteal phase progesterone concentrations (Table 2; Cummins et al., 2012; LeBlanc 2013). Similarly,
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