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Doctrine of the Trinity Doctrine of the Trinity Doctrine of the Trinity the of Doctrine Doctrine of the Trinity ST506 LESSON 01 of 24 Christianity Is Trinitarian Peter Toon, DPhil Cliff College Oxford University King’s College University of London Liverpool University Let us begin with a prayer, the prayer which has been prayed throughout Christendom by millions of people on Trinity Sunday. Almighty and everlasting God, who hast given unto us thy servant’s grace by the confession of a true faith to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity and in the power of the Divine Majesty to worship the unity, we beseech Thee, that Thou wouldest keep us steadfast in this faith and evermore defend us from all adversities who livest and reignest one God, world without end. Amen. Listen now to some of those primary texts in the New Testament where we hear of God the Holy Trinity. We begin in the Gospel of Saint Matthew in the twenty-eighth chapter with the command of our Lord Jesus, “‘Go ye therefore,’ he said, ‘and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.’” You will notice there that in the English, as well as in the Greek, we have four definite articles in the name of, the Father—that is not any Father, but the Father, and not any Son, but the Son, and not any Holy Spirit, but the Holy Spirit. And then moving into the letters of the apostle Paul, hear what he says in one of his early letters, 2 Thessalonians in chapter 2, “But we are bound to give thanks to God, the Father, always for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, for that God chose you from the beginning unto salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, whereunto he called you through our gospel to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.” Here we have giving thanks to God the Father. It is the same God the Father who chose you from the beginning. He chose you for sanctification and in sanctification of the Holy Spirit for the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. And then Saint Paul again from 1 Corinthians in chapter 12, verses 4 following, where he writes, “There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit; there are diversities of ministrations and the Transcript - ST506 Doctrine of the Trinity 1 of 11 © 2019 Our Daily Bread University. All rights reserved. Lesson 01 of 24 Christianity Is Trinitarian same Lord; and there are diversities of workings, but the same God who worketh all things in all.” The gifts then and the Holy Spirit, the ministrations, the Lord Jesus, the workings, the same God who is the Father. And then we are all very familiar with what is often called the grace, which is found at the end of Paul’s second letter to the church in Corinth, “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God, the Father, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all.” Hear now further ones from the writings of Saint Paul which bring us the reality of the blessed Trinity. First of all from Galatians 3:11 following, “But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, the Father, is evident. Christ, the Son, redeemed us from the curse of the law that we might receive the promise of the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, through faith.” Again from Galatians in chapter 4 in verse 6, “And because ye are sons, God the Father sent forth the Spirit [the Holy Spirit] of his Son [our Lord Jesus Christ] into our hearts crying, ‘Abba, Father.’” From 2 Corinthians 1:21–22, “Now he that established us with you in Christ [the Son] and has anointed us is God, the Father, who hath also sealed us, and given us the earnest of the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, in our hearts.” And again, 2 Corinthians, chapter 3 in verse 3, “Being made manifest that ye are an epistle of Christ, the Son, ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, of the living God, the Father.” And then from Romans, chapter 14, verse 17 and following, “For the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. For he that [hears and] serveth Christ [the Son] is well pleasing to God, the Father, and approved of men.” And again, the letter to the Romans, the fifteenth chapter, verse 16, “That I should be the minister of Christ Jesus, the Son, unto the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, the Father, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be made acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Spirit.” And again, Romans 15 in verse 30, “Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, the Son, and for the love of the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God, the Father, for me.” Philippians, chapter 3 in verse 3, “For we are the circumcision which worship God, the Father, in the spirit, the Holy Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, the Son.” Colossians 1, verses 6 through 8, Transcript - ST506 Doctrine of the Trinity 2 of 11 © 2019 Our Daily Bread University. All rights reserved. Lesson 01 of 24 Christianity Is Trinitarian “Since the day ye heard and knew the grace of God, the Father, in truth, even as ye learned of Epaphras our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful minister of Christ, the Son, on our behalf, who also declared unto us your love in the Spirit, the Holy Spirit.” Ephesians 2, verse 18, “For through him [our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son], we both have our access in one Spirit, the Holy Spirit, unto the Father.” Again from Ephesians, chapter 2 in verses 20 to 22, “Christ Jesus, the Son, in whom each several building fitly framed together groweth into a holy temple in the Lord, the Lord, the Son, in whom ye also are builded together for a habitation of God, the Father, in the Spirit, the Holy Spirit.” And again from Ephesians, chapter 3, verses 14 and following, “For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, that he would grant you according to the riches of his glory that ye may be strengthened with power through His Spirit, the Holy Spirit, in the inward man, that Christ, the Son, may dwell in your hearts through faith.” And turning to the other parts of the New Testament, first of all to the first letter of Peter, chapter 1 in verse 2, “According to the foreknowledge of God the Father in sanctification of the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ, the Son.” To Hebrews, chapter 10 in verse 29, “Of how much sorer a punishment, think ye, shall he be judged worthy or who have trodden underfoot the Son of God,” that is, of God, the Father. “And have done despite unto the Spirit of grace, the Holy Spirit.” And Jude 20–21, “But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit, keep yourselves in the love of God, the Father, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son, unto eternal life.” And then from the book of Revelation, chapter 1 in verses 4 through 5, “Grace to you and peace from him which is and which was and which is to come, the Father, and from the seven spirits which are before his throne, and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness.” And then in 1 John 5, verses 7 to 8 from the Byzantine text, “There are three who bear witness in heaven, the Father, the Word, that is the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one.” Those are a selection, the primary selection, of those specific texts within the canon of the New Testament, which point us to the Holy Trinity. And now what I would like to do is to share with you some of the earliest Christian Trinitarian statements outside Transcript - ST506 Doctrine of the Trinity 3 of 11 © 2019 Our Daily Bread University. All rights reserved. Lesson 01 of 24 Christianity Is Trinitarian the New Testament, which we find in the ancient literatures. I’m turning to the early Greek literatures, and what I want to do is to read to you several portions, brief portions, first of all from the Order for Matins, that is, for morning prayer, and then from the Vigil for Pentecost, because I’m now recording in the season of Pentecost, and then one or two short extracts from The Order for Holy Communion or the order for what they call the Eucharist. First of all, the order for morning prayer, or as it’s called matins, and you will notice as I read to you these words which are part and parcel of the act of the adoration and the worship and the praise of Almighty God, you will see how solidly Trinitarian is this language of worship. First, the refrain, which comes so often in the classic ancient literatures, “Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit now and ever and even unto the ages of ages. Amen.” And then the prayer, “O all holy Trinity, have mercy upon us.
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