Abu Nidal the Terrorist' Was Really Mossad
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Terrorism: Individuals: Atta [Mahmoud] Box: RAC Box 8
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Counterterrorism and Narcotics, Office of, NSC: Records Folder Title: Terrorism: Individuals: Atta [Mahmoud] Box: RAC Box 8 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name COUNTERTERRORISM AND NARCOTICS, NSC: Withdrawer RECORDS SMF 5/12/2010 File Folder TERRORISM: INDNIDUALS: ATTA [ITA, MAHMOUD] FOIA TED MCNAMARA, NSC STAFF F97-082/4 Box Number _w;:w (2j!t t ~ '( £ WILLS 5 ID Doc Type Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions Pages 91194 REPORT RE ABU NIDAL ORGANIZATION (ANO) 1 ND Bl B3 - ·-----------------·--------------- ------ -------- 91195 MEMO CLARKE TO NSC RE MAHMOUD ITA 2 5/6/1987 B 1 B3 ---------------------- ------------ ------ ------ ----- ----------- 91196 MEMO DUPLICATE OF 91195 2 5/6/1987 Bl B3 91197 REPORT REATTA 1 ND Bl 91198 CABLE STATE 139474 2 5112/1987 Bl 91199 CABLE KUWAIT 03413 1 5/2111987 Bl -- - - - - --------- - - -- - ----------------- 91200 CABLE l 5 l 525Z MAR 88 (1 ST PAGE ONLY) 1 3/15/1988 Bl B3 The above documents were not referred for declassification review at time of processing Freedom of Information -
Terrorist Links of the Iraqi Regime | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 652 Terrorist Links of the Iraqi Regime Aug 29, 2002 Brief Analysis n August 28, 2002, a U.S. federal grand jury issued a new indictment against five terrorists from the Fatah O Revolutionary Command, also known as the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO), for the 1986 hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan. Based on "aggravating circumstances," prosecutors are now seeking the death penalty for the attack, in which twenty-two people -- including two Americans -- were killed. The leader of the ANO, the infamous Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna), died violently last week in Baghdad. But his death is not as extraordinary as the subsequent press conference given by Iraqi intelligence chief Taher Jalil Haboush. This press conference represents the only time Haboush's name has appeared in the international media since February 2001. Iraqi Objectives What motivated the Iraqi regime to send one of its senior exponents to announce the suicide of Abu Nidal and to present crude photographs of his bloodied body four days (or eight days, according to some sources) after his death? It should be noted that the earliest information about Nidal's death came from al-Ayyam, a Palestinian daily close to the entity that may have been Abu Nidal's biggest enemy -- the Palestinian Authority. At this sensitive moment in U.S.-Iraqi relations, Abu Nidal could have provided extraordinarily damaging testimony with regard to Saddam's involvement in international terrorism, even beyond Iraqi support of ANO activities in the 1970s and 1980s. In publicizing Nidal's death, the regime's motives may have been multiple: • To present itself as fighting terrorism by announcing that Iraqi authorities were attempting to detain Abu Nidal for interrogation in the moments before his death. -
Foreign Terrorist Organizations
Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba -
THE PLO and the PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London
THE PLO AND THE PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London The emergence of a durable Palestinian nationalism was one of the more remarkable developments in the history of the modern Middle East in the second half of the 20th century. This was largely due to a generation of young activists who proved particularly adept at capturing the public imagination, and at seizing opportunities to develop autonomous political institutions and to promote their cause regionally and internationally. Their principal vehicle was the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), while armed struggle, both as practice and as doctrine, was their primary means of mobilizing their constituency and asserting a distinct national identity. By the end of the 1970s a majority of countries – starting with Arab countries, then extending through the Third World and the Soviet bloc and other socialist countries, and ending with a growing number of West European countries – had recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The United Nations General Assembly meanwhile confirmed the right of the stateless Palestinians to national self- determination, a position adopted subsequently by the European Union and eventually echoed, in the form of support for Palestinian statehood, by the United States and Israel from 2001 onwards. None of this was a foregone conclusion, however. Britain had promised to establish a Jewish ‘national home’ in Palestine when it seized the country from the Ottoman Empire in 1917, without making a similar commitment to the indigenous Palestinian Arab inhabitants. In 1929 it offered them the opportunity to establish a self-governing agency and to participate in an elected assembly, but their community leaders refused the offer because it was conditional on accepting continued British rule and the establishment of the Jewish ‘national home’ in what they considered their own homeland. -
Wresearch NOTES
RESEARCH NOTES The WASHINGTON INSTITUTE for Near East Policy w1828 L Street, NW, #1050, Washington, D.C. 20036 • Phone (202) 452-0650 • Fax (202) 223-5364 • www.washingtoninstitute.org November 1998 Number 5 A CHRONOLOGY OF MIDDLE EAST STATE SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM, 1997: A SUPPLEMENT TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S PATTERNS OF GLOBAL TERRORISM By Eytan J. Fisch The U.S. State Department currently lists five states in the Middle East as sponsors of international terror- ism: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Sudan. To be classified as a state sponsor, a state must usupport interna- tional terrorism either by engaging in terrorist activity themselves or by providing arms, training, safehaven, diplomatic facilities, financial backing, logistic and/or other support to terrorists. " The most recent State Department report, Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1997, does not enumerate specific actions by each state sponsor of terrorism explaining why it earned them the designation. The following data on state-sponsor- ship of terrorism in 1997 is offered as a complement to that report. It provides details on the actions of four of the state sponsors: Iran, Libya, Syria, and Sudan. Generally, only specific acts—and not ongoing behav- ior, such as provision of safe haven or permission to use radio transmitters—are enumerated here. IRAN he agreed—regarding the example of terrorism The United States placed Iran on its list of state spon- against Israel—that "killing innocent men and women sors of international terrorism in 1984. According to I who are not involved in confrontations is terrorism." the State Department's Patterns of Global Terror- I This appears to be a similar position to the one taken ism, 1997 (subsequently referred to as Patterns I by his predecessor, former Iranian president 'Ali 1997), the United States considered Iran to be the \ Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. -
The Palestinians: Background and U.S
The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations Jim Zanotti Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs August 17, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34074 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations Summary This report covers current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups— chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian refugee population. The “Palestinian question” is important not only to Palestinians, Israelis, and their Arab state neighbors, but to many countries and non-state actors in the region and around the world— including the United States—for a variety of religious, cultural, and political reasons. U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is marked by efforts to establish a Palestinian state through a negotiated two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; to counter Palestinian terrorist groups; and to establish norms of democracy, accountability, and good governance within the Palestinian Authority (PA). Congress has appropriated assistance to support Palestinian governance and development amid concern for preventing the funds from benefitting Palestinian rejectionists who advocate violence against Israelis. Among the issues in U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is how to deal with the political leadership of Palestinian society, which is divided between the Fatah-led PA in parts of the West Bank and Hamas (a U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization) in the Gaza Strip. Following Hamas’s takeover of Gaza in June 2007, the United States and the other members of the international Quartet (the European Union, the United Nations, and Russia) have sought to bolster the West Bank-based PA, led by President Mahmoud Abbas and Prime Minister Salam Fayyad. -
Is There a Military Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?
Issue 18 • September 2014 Is There a Military Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict? IN THIS ISSUE Andrew Roberts • Thomas H. Henriksen • Kori Schake • Peter Berkowitz Victor Davis Hanson • Edward N. Luttwak • Bruce Thornton Editorial Board Contents Victor Davis Hanson, Chair September 2014 · Issue 18 Bruce Thornton David Berkey Background Essay Just the Start of an Age-Old Conflict? by Andrew Roberts Contributing Members Peter Berkowitz Featured Commentary Max Boot Burning the Terrorist Grass by Thomas H. Henriksen Josiah Bunting III Angelo M. Codevilla Military Means for Political Ends in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Thomas Donnelly by Kori Schake Admiral James O. Ellis Jr. Colonel Joseph Felter Related Commentary Josef Joffe What Israel Won in Gaza & What Diplomacy Must Now Gain by Peter Berkowitz Frederick W. Kagan U.S. Must Strongly Affirm Israel’s Right of Self-Defense by Peter Berkowitz Kimberly Kagan Edward N. Luttwak The Middle East’s Maze of Alliances by Victor Davis Hanson Peter Mansoor Sherman in Gaza by Victor Davis Hanson General Jim Mattis Walter Russell Mead A Stronger Israel? by Victor Davis Hanson Mark Moyar Winning a Lose/Lose War by Victor Davis Hanson Williamson Murray Why Obama, Kerry, Abbas, Hamas, BDS, and Hezbollah Will All Go Poof! by Ralph Peters Andrew Roberts Edward Luttwak Admiral Gary Roughead The Incoherent Excuses for Hating Israel by Bruce Thornton Kori Schake Kiron K. Skinner Israel’s Worst Enemy: Lies and Myths by Bruce Thornton Barry Strauss Bing West Educational Materials Miles Maochun Yu Discussion Questions Amy Zegart Suggestions for Further Reading ABOUT THE POSTERS IN THIS ISSUE Documenting the wartime viewpoints and diverse political sentiments of the twentieth century, the Hoover Institution Library & Archives Poster Collection has more than one hundred thousand posters from around the world and continues to grow. -
Formative Battles: Megan Ward Shannon Pierson Cold War Disinformation and Jessica Beyer Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies
Science Technology Innovation Program Authors Formative Battles: Megan Ward Shannon Pierson Cold War Disinformation and Jessica Beyer Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies August 2019 Formative Battles: Cold War Disinformation Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union refined covert methods of political intervention and conflict, making use of proxy wars, election interference, and disinformation campaigns to advance their respective interests. Work such as Dov H. Levin’s research tracking election interference (2016) illustrates that both superpowers used disinformation as a core tactic throughout the Cold War and the subsequent decade. Throughout the Cold War, the U.S. and USSR competed in an arms race of fictions, attempting to cultivate ideological support internationally and domestically. In response, presented with sophisticated and widespread Soviet disinformation, the U.S. created a then- groundbreaking interagency organization called the Active Measures Working Group (AMWG). The AMWG operated using a “Report-Analyze-Publicize” strategy that prioritized overt disinformation and successfully challenged Soviet active measures in the 1980s (Bailey, 1998). At the international level, both the Non-Aligned Movement, with its focus on non-intervention in the internal affairs of other countries, and the United Nations’ General Assembly more generally attempted to address the issue. Some have posited Cold War mitigation strategies could be used to combat the newest itineration of harmful propaganda and disinformation (Cull, et al, 2017; Neal, 2019; Selga & Rasmussen, 2017; Deeks, McCubbin, & Poplin, 2017), but while Cold War disinformation mitigation tactics may provide aspirational frameworks for modern efforts, they are largely inapplicable in a modern disinformation battlefield. -
19Th Anniversary of the Attacks on September 11, 2001: US Commemorates 19Th Anniversary of 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (DKI APCSS) CTGo! Counter-Terrorism & Irregular Warfare Newsletter 11 September 2020 Edition Please enjoy this week’s selection of news articles provided by your DKI APCSS Counter-Terrorism team: Today is the 19th anniversary... Where were you on 9/11? 19th Anniversary of the Attacks on September 11, 2001: US commemorates 19th anniversary of 9/11 terrorist attacks https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54123146 Al Qaeda’s Leader Is Old, Bumbling—and a Terrorist Mastermind https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/10/zawahiri-bin-laden-al-qaedas-leader-terrorist-mastermind/ Al Qaeda’s Franchise Reboot https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/afghanistan/2020-09-09/al-qaedas-franchise-reboot Two decades after 9/11, terror has morphed https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/11/opinions/terrorism-extremism-9-11-pandith-ware/index.html COVID-19 and violent extremism: COVID-19: Trends in money laundering and terrorism financing https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2020-09-07/local-news/COVID-19-Trends-in-money- laundering-and-terrorism-financing-6736226725 COVID-19 prompts spy agencies’ mission shift that is ‘reminiscent of the space race’ https://intelnews.org/2020/09/07/01-2865/ Africa: Somalia soldiers killed; US officer wounded in al-Shabab attack https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/somalia-soldiers-killed-officer-wounded-al-shabab-attack- 200907135809484.html Tunisia: Islamic State group claims Sousse knife attack https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54061671 14 al-Shabab terrorists killed -
Detailed Contents
DETAILED CONTENTS List of Maps xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xv Looking Back at 9/11 xvii Chapter Outline xviii 1. What Is Terrorism? 1 Definitions of Terrorism 1 U.S. Government Definitions 3 Scholarly Definitions 4 Commonalities in Definitions 5 Incidents of Terrorism 6 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism 8 Global Terrorism Database 9 Motivation 11 Collective Explanations 11 Individual Explanations 12 Moral Explanations 14 Useful Explanations 15 Highlights of Reprinted Articles 15 Exploring the What of Terrorism Further 16 Terrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited 17 H. H. A. Cooper A General Strain Theory of Terrorism 26 Robert Agnew 2. History of Terrorism 41 Early Justifications for Terrorism 41 Religious Terrorism: Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot 42 State-Sponsored Terrorism: The French Revolution 44 Political Terrorism: Anarchists and Propaganda by Deed 45 Political Terrorism of the Russian Narodnaya Volya 46 Terrorism and Colonialism: The Philosophy of the Bomb 47 Colonialism and Indian Terrorism 47 Colonialism, Racism, and Algerian Terrorism 48 Colonialism Makes Latin America a Hotbed of Terrorism 49 The Urban Guerrilla 49 Lessons Learned From History 50 Highlights of Reprinted Articles 51 Exploring the History of Terrorism Further 52 Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions 53 David C. Rapoport The Spirit of Despotism: Understanding the Tyrant Within 75 Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries 3. International Terrorism 91 Terrorism Around the World 92 State-Sponsored Terrorism 96 Cuba 97 Iran 97 Sudan 97 Syria 98 Sanctions 98 Religious Fanaticism: An Old Trend and a New Threat 98 A Few Infamous Terrorists 99 Che Guevara 100 Carlos the Jackal 101 Osama bin Laden 102 Velupillai Prabhakaran 105 Subcomandante Marcos 106 An Infamous Terrorist Attack: Pan Am Flight 103 108 Western Views on Libya 108 Highlights of Reprinted Articles 109 Exploring Global Terrorism Further 109 The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism 111 David C. -
The Cases of Rote Armee Fraktion and Brigate Rosse
Araştırma Makalesi Research Article Factors behind the Rise and Fall of Left-Wing 469 Güvenlik Terrorism in Western Europe: Stratejileri The Cases of Rote Armee Fraktion Cilt: 15 Sayı: 31 and Brigate Rosse Batı Avrupa’da Sol Tandanslı Terörizmin Yükselişinin ve Düşüşünün Arkasındaki Faktörler: Kızıl Ordu Fraksiyonu ve Kızıl Tugaylar Örnekleri Göktuğ SÖNMEZ* Abstract The article discusses the rise and fall of the two famous left-wing terrorist groups, namely Rote Armee Fraktion and Brigate Rosse. After a brief discussion about left-wing extremism, following sections will focus on each group in more detail. After these sections, an analysis of 469 commonalities and differences about their rise and fall will be presented. Güvenlik It is expected that a causal mechanism will be fleshed out not only Stratejileri regarding left-wing terrorist groups but also terrorist groups all around Yıl: 8 the world regardless of their particular mind-set, which can both open up Sayı:16 space for future research and help devising more effective counter- terrorism strategies. Keywords: Rote Armee Fraktion, Brigate Rosse, extreme-left terrorism, Stasi, KGB. * Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Department of International Relations; Director, Centre for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies, Security Studies,e-mail: [email protected]. Geliş Tarihi / Arrived: 06.05.2018 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 22.01.2019 Göktuğ SÖNMEZ 470 Öz Güvenlik Bu makale öne çıkan iki aşırı sol terörist grubu, Kızıl Ordu Stratejileri Fraksiyonu (Red Armee Fraktion-RAF) ve Kızıl Tugaylar (Brigate Rosse- Cilt: 15 BR) yapılanmalarını ele almaktadır. Aşırı sol terörizme dair kısa bir Sayı: 31 tartışmayı takip edecek bölümler bu grupların her birini daha detaylı biçimde ele alacaktır. -
Collection: Green, Max: Files Folder Title: Terrorism (5) Box: 27
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Green, Max: Files Folder Title: Terrorism (5) Box: 27 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ 5 August 1986 THIS PUBLICATION IS PREPARED BY THE AIR FORCE (SAF/AA) AS EXECUTIVE AGENT FDR THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TO BRING TO THE ATTENTION OF KEY DOD PERSONNEL NEWS ITEMS OF INTEREST TO THEM IN THEIR OFFICIAL CAPACITIES. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO SUBSTITUTE FOR NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS AND BROADCASTS AS A MEANS OF KEEPING INFORMED ABOUT THE NATURE, MEANING ANO IMPACT OF NEWS DEVELOPMENTS. USE OF THESE ARTICLES DOES NOT REFLECT OFFICIAL ENDORSEMENT. FURTHER REPRODUCTION FOR PRIVATE USE OR GAIN IS SUBJECT TD THE ORIGINAL COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS. 'Pgs. 38, 39, 40-48, 49-52, 53-55, WORLD&! · March 1986 56-63, 64-65, 66-69, 70-75, 76-80, 81-86, 87-91, 92-97, 98-102 A Publication of lfJe ~ington timff C.Orporation SPECIAL REPORT 2 9 23 TERRORISM TRAONG LIBYA'S SHADOWY · CASTRO'S aJBA1 CONDUIT TO This new global warfar. DEEDS GLOBAL nRRORISM has~ th. foe. of Yonah Alexander L. Francis Bouchey international politia, Is it just a series of 12 28 1pOnta11eous outbursts by independent opeiatives? ABU NIDAL-THE SPUNTER "nRRORISM'S TENAOOUS ROOTS Or is rt...