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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template THE ANTWERP POLYGLOT BIBLE (1572): VISUAL CORPUS, NEW WORLD ‘HEBREW-INDIAN’ MAP, AND THE RELIGIOUS CROSSCURRENTS OF IMPERIAL SPAIN By PAMELA MERRILL BREKKA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 ©2012 Pamela Merrill Brekka 2 To Adam and Maggie, my magna opera: My life ambition and singular goal has been to serve you well, and with my whole heart. I wrote this for you. I hope you like it. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I wish to thank my advisor and mentor, Elizabeth Ross. I have benefited immeasurably from her erudition, firm but gentle pedagogy and exacting standards. I am also most fortunate to have as my committee an exceptional group of scholars from a range of disciplines—this leggy project would not have been possible without them. I extend most sincere and heartfelt thanks to Maya Stanfield-Mazzi, Melissa Hyde, and Nina Caputo. Very special thanks go to Catherine Delano-Smith, who despite her many obligations and the great ocean that separates us, kindly agreed to serve as my outside reader. With great gratitude I wish to acknowledge that this research has been generously supported by: the Newberry Library, Chicago; the University of London, London Rare Books School, Antiquarian Booksellers Association and Bibliographical Society; the University Women’s Club, University of Florida, and the College of Fine Arts, School of Art and Art History, University of Florida. Many thanks go to Paul Needham of the Scheide Library, Princeton, AnnaLee Pauls of the Princeton University Library, Debra Madera of the Pitts Theological Library, Emory University, and Jim Akerman and Bob Karrow of the Newberry Library, for their assistance and advice. I extend special thanks to Peter Barber, Walter Melion and Richard Kagan for their magisterial insight and kind words in support of my thesis, and to Zur Shalev for directing me to several sources I would have otherwise missed. Warm regards go to Catherine Scallen and Mariët Westermann for my early formation in Netherlandish art history. I extend sincerest gratitude to my dear colleagues, friends and to my family, the inimitable Merrill clan; this exhausting work would mean little without their love, support, and Jobish patience. Most of all, I thank my Moms, Miriam Merrill and Nancy Scott, whose wisdom, generosity and love of books have informed every aspect of my life. Their tireless support has made this late Renaissance dream a reality. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................11 The Antwerp Polyglot Bible ...................................................................................................11 Organization of Dissertation ...................................................................................................23 Literature Review ...................................................................................................................24 2 LOCATING THE POLYGLOT IN ANTWERP AND MADRID: PRINTING, MAPMAKING, AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE .......................29 Printing, Mapmaking and Hebraism in Philip’s Antwerp ca. 1568 ........................................29 The Art of Cartography: Spatial Relationships and the Tensions between Regional and Imperial Perspectives ..........................................................................................................41 Philip, King of “the Spains,” Jerusalem & etc.: NON SUFFICIT ORBIS ............................59 3 A CATALOGUE OF THE ANTWERP POLYGLOT BIBLE’S VISUAL PROGRAM ......71 Overview of the 8 Volumes: The Polyglot as a Cosmography of Philip’s Imperial Vision ..................................................................................................................................71 Volume I: SACRORIUM BIBLIORUM TOMUS PRIMUS ................................................74 Volume II: SANCTORUM BIBLIORUM TOMUS SECUNDUS .....................................110 Volume III: SANCTORUM BIBLIORUM TOMUS TERTIUS ........................................113 Volume IIII: SANCTORUM BIBLIORUM TOMUS QUARTUS .....................................115 Volume V: SANCTORUM BIBLIORUM TOMUS QUINTUS ........................................118 Volume VI: SACRI APPARATUS PARTIUM, Primus tomus De verboru copia cotinet .122 Volume VII: SACRI APPARATUS PARTIUM, Secundus tomus De verboru copia cotinet ................................................................................................................................125 Volume VIII: SACRI APPARATU.S PARTIUM, Tertius tomus De copia rerum continet libros ....................................................................................................................127 4 THE NEW WORLD ‘HEBREW-INDIAN’ MAP AS A REFLECTION OF LATE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY RELIGIOUS CROSSCURRENTS ...........................................230 5 CONCLUSION: LEGACY AND SHIFTING ENGAGEMENT/DECONSTRUCTING THE POLYGLOT ................................................................................................................245 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................250 5 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................264 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 3-1 Vol. I, folio 3 recto, Pietatis Concordiae.........................................................................151 3-2 Vol. I, folios 3 verso and 4 recto, Pietas Regia and Arcani Consilii Apparatio ..............154 3-3 Vol. I, folio 5 recto, Præfatio ...........................................................................................157 3-4 Vol. I, folios 23 verso and 24 recto, Philippus with letters F and V. ...............................158 3-5 Vol. I, folio 26 recto, Rex Hispaniarum, Utriusque, Sicilæ, Hierusalem ........................161 3-6 Vol. I, folio 28 recto, Philippo II. Regi Catholico with letter V ......................................163 3-7 Vol. I, folio 30 verso, Lettre du Duc d’Alve. ...................................................................164 3-8 Vol. I, folio 36 recto, Aliarum Literarum a Pontifice ......................................................165 3-9 Vol. I, folio 36 verso and 37 recto, Cæsareum Privilegium ............................................166 3-10 Vol. I, folio 42 recto, Caroli IX. Galliæ Regis .................................................................167 3-11 Vol. I, folio 43 verso and 44 recto, Consilio Brabantiæ ..................................................169 3-12 Vol. I, folio 49 verso and 50 recto, Ordo Librorum ........................................................170 3-13 Vol. I, p. 1, Quinque Libri Moyse titlepage .....................................................................171 3-14 Vol. I, pp. 2-3, Genesis, 1:1 .............................................................................................172 3-15 Vol. I, pp. 182-183, Genesis, 50:26. ................................................................................176 3-16 Vol. II, folio 3 recto, Tomus Secundus frontispiece .........................................................177 3-17 Vol. II, p. 1, Prophetæ Priores titlepage..........................................................................178 3-18 Vol. III, p. 1, Sancti Libri titlepage ..................................................................................179 3-19 Vol. III, pp. 108-109, Judith, 1:1 .....................................................................................180 3-20 Vol. IIII, folio 3 recto, Domus Israel ...............................................................................185 3-21 Vol. V, folio 3 recto, Tomus Quintus frontispiece ...........................................................188 3-22 Vol. V, pp. 2-3, Matthæum, 1:1 .......................................................................................189 3-23 Vol. VI, folio 2 recto, Lexicon Græcum ..........................................................................194 7 3-24 Vol. VI, folio ultima verso, Thesauri Hebraicæ Linguæ .................................................197 3-25 Vol. VII, folio 2 recto, Communes et Familiares Hebraicæ. ..........................................199 3-26 Vol. VII, folio ultima verso, Hebraicorum Bibliorum .....................................................200 3-27 Vol. VIII, pp. 24-25, Phaleg and Shekel ..........................................................................204 3-28 Vol. VIII, pp. 2-3, Tabula Orbis ......................................................................................205 3-29 Vol. VIII, pp. 9-10, Tabula Terrae Canaan ....................................................................213 3-30 Vol. VIII, pp. 14-15, Terrae Israel Omnis Ante Canaan .................................................214 3-31 Vol. VIII, p. 22, Arca Noe ...............................................................................................215
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