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JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S Volume 20 Number 2 November 2017 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-91-6 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia Univ.; [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] Jennifer Seay, Intern, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Titus Hjelm, Reader, University College London Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, Institute for Northern Culture, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury †George Schoolfield, Professor Emeritus, Yale University Beth L. Virtanen, Professor, South University Online Keijo Virtanen, Professor, University of Turku Marianne Wargelin, Independent Scholar, Minneapolis SUBSCRIPTION RATES 2017–18 (2 ISSUES PER YEAR) Individuals: US $40 Institutions: US $50 Europe €40 Europe €50 ADVERTISEMENTS (BLACK & WHITE ONLY) Half page $50/€50 Full page $100/€100 Inside back cover $200/€200 Outside back cover $250/€250 MORE INFORMATION Contact Business Office, or http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_ira/finnishstudies/ ©2017 Journal of Finnish Studies The Journal of Finnish Studies adheres to delayed self-archiving of the published ver- sion of the article (Sherpa/Romeo Green) in academic and institutional reposito- ries, with a 12-month embargo starting from the month of publication. Subscriptions to the Journal of Finnish Studies are available through our website: http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_ira/finnishstudies/JFS_subs_and_ads.html. For a cumulative bibliography of articles published in the Journal of Finnish Studies, see http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_ira/finnishstudies/JoFS_Articles.html. Back issues are available directly from the editor at [email protected]. Cover: Coat of arms of the town of Loimaa, designed by Aake Kaarnama: Azure, an ear of wheat with two leaves palewise or, between four crosses bottony two and two. We thank the town of Loimaa for the permission to use the crest on our cover and Tapani Talari for consultation. Cover design: Scott Kaukonen The Journal of Finnish Studies expresses its gratitude to the Department of English and the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Sam Houston State University for the important institutional support provided. TABLE OF CONTENTS In Memoriam: George C. Schoolfield 1 Helena Halmari: Editorial 3 Maria Lähteenmäki: A Political Profile of Tarja Halonen, the First Finnish Female President 7 Erik Hieta: Finns and Finnicans: Walter Mattila and the Ethnic Dilemma of Second-Generation Finnish Americans 31 Samira Saramo: Lakes, Rock, Forest: Placing Finnish Canadian History 55 Hanna Snellman and Lotta Weckström: The Apple Never Falls Far from the Tree—Or does It? Finnish Female Migrant Transnational Generations on the Swedish Labor Market 77 Päivi Granö and Anniina Koivurova: Children’s Depictions of the Home in Post-War Northern Finland and Sweden 98 Tiina Brandt: Finnish Enterprises and Perceptions for Economic Decline 120 Maria Järlström and Tiina Brandt: Psychological Capital and Psychological Career Mobility among Finnish Business School Graduates 145 Susanna Kultalahti: Stories of Engagement within Finnish Generation Y 172 Aapo Jumppanen and Timo Suutari: Kuutamosonaatti (The Moonlight Sonata): Reproducing Anti-Idyllic Rural Representations in a Finnish Popular Film 196 Book Reviews Alanen, Arnold R. 2012. Finns in Minnesota: The People of Minnesota. Reviewed by Börje Vähämäki. 220 Kostiainen, Auvo, editor. 2014. Finns in the United States: A History of Settlement, Dissent, and Integration. Reviewed by James P. Leary. 224 Leary, James P. 2015. Folksongs of Another America: Field Recordings from the Upper Midwest, 1937–1946. Reviewed by Gene Young. 229 Savolainen, Ulla. 2015. Muisteltu ja kirjoitettu evakkomatka: Tutkimus evakkolapsuuden muistelukerronnan poetiikasta [The remembered and written evacuation journey: A study of the poetics of childhood evacuee reminiscence writing]. Reviewed by Mirva Johnson. 235 Contributors 240 IN MEMORIAM George C. Schoolfield 1925–2016 George C. Schoolfield was Professor of German and Scandinavian Literature at Yale University from 1969 until his retirement in 1995. Prior to his distinguished career at Yale, he taught at Harvard, Duke University, and the University of Pennsylvania. Schoolfield was well known for his high-quality research on German literature, which yielded several books, including The Figure of the Musician in German Literature, The German Lyric of the Baroque in English Translation, and Rilke’s Last Year. However, it is probably accurate to say of George Schoolfield’s oeuvre that Scandinavian literature was quite close to his heart and undoubtedly closest was Finnish and Finland-Swedish literature. Two of his highly influential books are in-depth studies of leading figures in early twentieth century Finland-Swedish mod- ernism: Edith Södergran: Modernist Poet in Finland and Elmer Diktonius. He continued his research on Finland-Swedish literature until the very end, focusing on Runar Schildt. His book on Schildt will be published posthumously. He also selected and translated the stories and wrote an informative introduction to the anthology Swedo- Finnish Short Stories. In the 1980s, Schoolfield published serious and timely articles in Books from Finland, in which he re-evaluated four legends in Finland’s Swedish-language liter- ature: Finland’s national poet J. L. Runeberg; the other literary giant of the nine- teenth century, Zacharias Topelius; the tempestuous Elmer Diktonius; and the “outsider” Runar Schildt. One of Schoolfield’s most celebrated books is Helsinki of the Czars: Finland’s Capital, 1808–1918, published in 1996, which provides a comprehensive account of how Helsinki, Helsingfors in Swedish, underwent radical changes as the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. The subject matter afforded Schoolfield the opportunity to trace how Helsinki transitioned from a multilingual cosmopolitan metropolis, where Swedish was then the lingua franca, to a place where the Finnish language had become not only favored, but assumed its demographically rightful role as the majority language of the capital of a country where more than an 80 percent majority of the population spoke Finnish. Schoolfield offers a critical and thought-provoking analysis of the social stratification, the emerging industry and institutions, and the transforming cultural attitudes. 1 Journal of Finnish Studies A History of Finland’s Literature is another influential book Schoolfield edited and partly wrote. It is today the leading reference book in English on the history of Finland’s literatures. In addition to the chapters penned by Professor Schoolfield, particularly those on the Finland-Swedish literature, this volume of nearly 900 pages features chapters by several other distinguished specialists on various literary periods. The Kalevala was yet another focus of Schoolfield’s interests. He wrote the insightful and informative introduction to Eino Friberg’s translation of the Kalevala, published in 1988. Schoolfield’s endorsement of this project was crucial and signifi- cantly responsible for the resulting success. His involvement included editing, the contribution of valuable commentary, and vital encouragement along the way. Schoolfield’s service to the discipline of Scandinavian Studies was hugely impactful. He served as editor and review editor of Scandinavian Studies from 1969 to 1984. He wrote extensively for the Swedish Book Review. Schoolfield was also a found- ing member of the editorial board of the Journal of Finnish Studies, serving from 1997 until his death. Many remember Professor Schoolfield from his participation in five Finnish Studies in North America conferences organized by the Finnish Ministry of Education in 1975, 1980, 1986, 1991, and 1996. The author of this obituary remem- bers him especially from the conference in 1980 at the University of Minnesota and the one in 1996 at the University of Toronto, both of which he had the privilege of organizing. Very appropriately, Schoolfield was awarded, by Finland’s govern- ment, the honor of Knight of

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