DOCSLIB.ORG

The Population Finland at the Beginning of the 1930'S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Population Finland at the Beginning of the 1930'S ¿HA World Populath*Year THE POPULATION FINLAND CI.CR.E.D. Seríes The Population of Finland A World Population Year Monograph Central Statistical Office ISBN 951-46-1697-9 Valtion. Painatuskeskus/Arvi A. Karisto Osakeyhtiön kirjapaino Hämeenlinna 1975 PREFACE »The Population of Finland» is Finland's introduction on the development of Fin- contribution to the population research land's population beginning from the eigh- series to be made in different countries at teenth century. In addition, the publication the request of the United Nations. The includes surveys on the development of the Committee for International Coordination labor force, on the demographic, labor of National Research in Demography (CIC- force and education projections made, and RED) has been in charge of the international on the effect of the economic and social coordination of the publication. The publi- policy pursued on the population devel- cation is part of the program for the World opment. Population Year 1974 declared by the United Nations. The monograph of Finland has been prepa- red by the Central Statistical Office of In this publication, attention has been Finland in cooperation with the Population focused on the examination of the recent Research Institute. population development with a historical CONTENTS I POPULATION GROWTH Page V LABOR FORCE Page 1. Historical development 7 1. Labor force by age and sex 39 2. Population development during 2. Labor reserves 42 pre-industrial period 7 3. Labor force by industry 43 3. Development of birth rate during 4. Change in occupational structure pre-industrial period 7 by region 45 4. Development of mortality rate 5. Employment status 47 during pre-industrial period 8 6. Labor force and the unemployed 48 • 5. Age structure of population during pre-industrial period • 9 6. Population development : during VI POPULATION FORECASTS industrial period 9 1. Introduction 51 • 7. Demographic transition 9 2. Assumptions of development of 8. Population development after population changes 51 • . World War II 10 3. Population growth 52 • 4. Regional development 53 II POPULATION CHANGES 5. Educational structure 54 1. General development of birth rate 12 6. Labor force 57 2. Regional development of birth rates since 1950 12 VII EFFECTS OF PREVAILING SOCIAL 3. Mortality • 15 AND ECONOMIC POLICY 4. Mean life expectancy 15 1. Most recent trends in social devel- 5. Age-specific mortality rates in opment 61 1960's 16 2. Population policy and social policy ' 6. International migration 17 in Finland 61 3. Population policy as aspect of so- III STRUCTURE OF POPULATION cial policy 62 1. Age structure of population 22 4. Social policy important in popula- 2. Marital status structure 24 tion policy 62 3. Family structure ' 25 4.1. Labor policy 62 4. Religion 25 4.2. Regional policy 63 5. Language groups 26 4.3. Housing policy 64 6. Education 27 4.4. Health policy 65 4.5. Family policy 66 IV GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 4.6. Educational policy 68 POPULATION AND INTERNAL MIGRA- 5. Future objectives of population TION policy 69 1. Geographical distribution of population . 29 VIII POPULATION CENSUSES AND 2. Urbanization and migration 33 STATISTICS OF POPULATION CHANGE 3. Migration to Helsinki and its 1. Population registers 70 surroundings 37 2. Population statistics 70 FIGURES 7 Age pyramid of population in Finland 1 Development of birth and death rates in 1970 in pre-industrial period 8 Number and percentace of emigrants in 2 Age structure of population in 1751 and population by province in 1961—1970 1870 9 Age structure of population in 1950 and 3 Development of birth and death rates 1970 in industrial period 10 Regional distribution of population in 4 Change in percentages cauced by natu- 1970 and change in population in 1950— ral growth in population size in 1970 by 1970 province in quinquennial periods 1951 — 11 Changes in population of 1970 caused by 1970 internal migration, given in percentages 5 Age-specific fertility rates by province by province in quinquennial periods in 1950, 1960 and 1970 1950-1970 6 Development of mortality in some age 12 Directions of net in-migration flows bet- groups in 1961 — 1970 ween provinces in 1966—1970 13 Net in-migration to urban communes by 18 Net retirement from extractive industry province, and excluding in-migration in 1960-1970 from rural municipalities of same pro- 19 Changes in economically active popula- vince in quinquennial periods 1961—1965 tion by industry in 1960-1970 and 1966-1970 20 Economically active population by 14 Labor force participation rates by age employment status in 1960 and 1970 and sex in 1962 and 1972 21 Unemployed persons seeking work by 15 Main groups of population at economi- duration of unemployment and by age cally active age by age and sex in 1972 group in November 1972 16 The employed by industry in 1959 — 22 Population development until 2000 1972 23 Distribution of population by age in 17 Economically active population by in- 1972, 1985, and 2000 dustry and age group in 1970 24 Number of women per 1,000 men in IS Changes in proportions of economically various age groups by 2000 active population by province in 1970/60 25 Development of population by province 19 Unemployment rates by age group in (Index 1972 = 100) 1964, 1968, and 1972 26 Distribution of population by adminis- 20 Unemployment rates by labor district trative unit type until 1985 in 1963, and 1972 27 Population development by generation 21 Population pyramids in 1972 and 2000 according to educational level, school 22 Distribution of employment by industry openings in 1972, and ratio between in 1972 and 1980 these two (According to forecast in •which, effects of migratory movement were taken into consideration) TABLES 28 Distribution of population by educa- 1 General fertilitv rates by province in tional level in 1970 and 1980 1950, 1960, and" 1970 29 Labor force participation rates (%) by 2 Mean life expectancy in 1901 — 1965 1985 3 Mean life expectancy by region in 1961 — 30 Development of labor force and average 1965 labor force participation rates, and 4 Age structure in 1950, 1960, and 1970 emigration of labor force by 1985, as 5 Population by age group and sex in estimated in population forecast 1970 6 Marital status distribution of population by sex in 1950, 1960, and 1970 APPENDICES 7 Marital status distribution of population I Development of population in 1751 — in corresponding age and sex groups in 1870 1950, 1960, and 1970 II Age-specific death rates in 1961—1970 8 Proportions of religious affiliations in III Types of families and number of total population in 1950, 1960, and 1970 family members in 1960 and 1970 9 Linguistic distribution of population IV Net in-migration of internal migration in Finland in 1950, 1960, and 1970 in quinquennial periods 1951 — 1970 10 Proportion of Swedish-speaking persons V Net in-migration to urban communes in total population by province in 1970 by province from rural municipalities 11 Proportions of junior secondary school, of the same province and from other senior secondary school, and university provinces in quinquennial periods 1961 graduates in 1950, 1960, and 1970 -65 and 1966-70 12 Distribution in percentages of popula- VI Population increase in centers of tion at age of 14 or above by age group various size in the 1950's and 1960's according to educational level of total and influence of internal migration on population in corresponding age/sex the increase groups in 1970 VII Economically active population by 13 Population distribution between centers province in 1960 and 1970 and change of various sizes in 1950, 1960, and 1970 in 1960-70 14 Influence of migration on changes of VIII Economically active population by population size in urban centers of industry and province in 1960 and various sizes in the 1950's and the 1970 1960's IX The unemployed and degrees of unem- 15 Persons in receipt of disability pension ployment by indutry in 1972 by age group and sex December 31, X Age structure of population by province 1965 and 1970 in 1972 and 1985 (1,000 persons) 16 Women's labor force participation rates XI Development of labor force by age by age and sex in 1960 and 1970 group in 1972 — 85 17 Economically active population by in- dustry in 1950, 1960, and 1970 and changes in 1960—1950 and 1970-1960 I POPULATION GROWTH 1 Historical development death rate varied considerably and caused great variation in the natural growth. Pre- The features that characterize the old agri- industrial society was plagued by epidemics, cultural society's transition into a society- famine, and war, which often succeeded dominated by industrial and service occupa- one another; in the years of war various tions are also discernible in the population infectious diseases spread fast and their development in Finland. There was hardly influence was greatest on the mortality any urbanization before the industrial era. rates of the weakest part of population: The population was stationary because the the children and the elderly. In these great majority earned its living from agri- exceptional years the population decreased culture. Traffic conditions between the by 2 — 5 percent, whereas under normal various parts of the country were poor. conditions the annual population increase was on the average 2 percent. Demographic statistics in Finland offer an excellent basis for a study of the size and In 1751 nearly 430,000 persons were living structure of the population since the 18th in Finland (Appendix I). The population century. This historical demographic survey doubled during the following 50 years and is divided into two periods, starting from redoubled in the next 60 years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selvitys Uudenmaan Osuuspankin, Keski- Uudenmaan Osuuspankin Ja Länsi-Uudenmaan Osuuspankin Hallinto- Ja Ohjausjärjestelmästä Vuodelta 2019
    Selvitys Uudenmaan Osuuspankin, Keski- Uudenmaan Osuuspankin ja Länsi-Uudenmaan Osuuspankin hallinto- ja ohjausjärjestelmästä vuodelta 2019 1 Sisällys 1 Sovellettava sääntely ........................................................................................................................ 3 2 OP Ryhmän rakenne ......................................................................................................................... 3 3 Edustajiston kokous .......................................................................................................................... 4 4 Hallintoneuvosto ............................................................................................................................... 6 5 Nimitysvaliokunta ............................................................................................................................ 10 6 Hallitus ............................................................................................................................................ 12 7 Toimitusjohtaja ja johtoryhmä .......................................................................................................... 20 8 Sisäinen ja ulkoinen valvonta .......................................................................................................... 27 9 Taloudellinen raportointiprosessi ..................................................................................................... 28 10 Palkitseminen .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Market Areas Final Technical Report of the Finnish Project September 2017
    Eurostat – Labour Market Areas – Final Technical report – Finland 1(37) Labour Market Areas Final Technical report of the Finnish project September 2017 Data collection for sub-national statistics (Labour Market Areas) Grant Agreement No. 08141.2015.001-2015.499 Yrjö Palttila, Statistics Finland, 22 September 2017 Postal address: 3rd floor, FI-00022 Statistics Finland E-mail: [email protected] Yrjö Palttila, Statistics Finland, 22 September 2017 Eurostat – Labour Market Areas – Final Technical report – Finland 2(37) Contents: 1. Overview 1.1 Objective of the work 1.2 Finland’s national travel-to-work areas 1.3 Tasks of the project 2. Results of the Finnish project 2.1 Improving IT tools to facilitate the implementation of the method (Task 2) 2.2 The finished SAS IML module (Task 2) 2.3 Define Finland’s LMAs based on the EU method (Task 4) 3. Assessing the feasibility of implementation of the EU method 3.1 Feasibility of implementation of the EU method (Task 3) 3.2 Assessing the feasibility of the adaptation of the current method of Finland’s national travel-to-work areas to the proposed method (Task 3) 4. The use and the future of the LMAs Appendix 1. Visualization of the test results (November 2016) Appendix 2. The lists of the LAU2s (test 12) (November 2016) Appendix 3. The finished SAS IML module LMAwSAS.1409 (September 2017) 1. Overview 1.1 Objective of the work In the background of the action was the need for comparable functional areas in EU-wide territorial policy analyses. The NUTS cross-national regions cover the whole EU territory, but they are usually regional administrative areas, which are the re- sult of historical circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Venue Information Finnish Aviation Museum Karhumäentie 12 Vantaa
    Venue information Finnish Aviation Museum Karhumäentie 12 Vantaa, Finland http://ilmailumuseo.fi/en/ The Finnish Aviation Museum located in the heart of the Aviapolis area in Vantaa is just a short way from Helsinki Airport. It is an approximately 20-25 minute walk from the terminal and you can access the museum also by local trains I and P (only 2 minutes from terminal), the closest train station is Aviapolis. Restaurant: you may have lunch at the Aviation Museum restaurant or at the Clarion Hotel Airport restaurant. Accommodations: Hotel Clario o Next building to Finnish Aviation Museum is Clarion Hotel Helsinki Airport. o You can use booking code EVENTS, which gives 10% discount on the daily rate. Promotional code is available for all room categories as long as there are hotel rooms available. o Reservations with booking code EVENTS can be made at the following website: https://www.nordicchoicehotels.fi/ Other Hotels at Helsinki Airport o Hotel Hilton Helsinki Airport . Hotel Hilton Helsinki Airport offers Guest Room category rooms 28.-29.1.2020. 138 € / single room / night 158 € / double room / night Prices include breakfast, VAT and wireless internet and they are available as long as there are hotel rooms available. Please use reservation code G1FINA when booking the rooms . Link for bookings: https://secure3.hilton.com/en_US/hi/reservation/book.htm?inputModule=HOTEL& ctyhocn=HELAIHI&spec_plan=G1FINA&arrival=20200128&departure=20200129 &cid=OM,WW,HILTONLINK,EN,DirectLink&fromId=HILTONLINKDIRECT . You may also book directly with the hotel by email [email protected] or by telephone +358973220. Credit card details are needed to guarantee the booking.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Midge Telmatogeton Japonicus Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) Exploiting Brackish Water in Finland
    Aquatic Invasions (2009) Volume 4, Issue 2: 405-408 DOI 10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.20 © 2009 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2009 REABIC (http://www.reabic.net) This is an Open Access article Short communication Marine midge Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) exploiting brackish water in Finland Janne Raunio1*, Lauri Paasivirta2 and Yngve Brodin3 1Janne Raunio, Water and Environment Association for the River Kymi, Tapiontie 2 C, FIN-45160 Kouvola, Finland E-mail: [email protected] 2Lauri Paasivirta, Ruuhikoskenkatu 17 B 5, FIN-24240 Salo, Finland E-mail: [email protected] 3Yngve Brodin, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Received 20 March 2009; accepted in revised form 26 May 2009; published online 3 June 2009 Abstract Pupal exuviae of marine intertidal midge Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) were found in September 2008 from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Previous records of the species in the Baltic Sea were from Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Poland. Telmatogeton japonicus is an alien species introduced to Europe from the Pacific Ocean. It probably uses shipping as the vector, since in north-western Europe it has first been detected near large seaports. This was also the case in the Gulf of Finland. Our findings suggests that the species’ distribution extends further northeast in the Baltic Sea than understood before, and that the species is able to establish viable populations into fresh-brackish (salinity < 4 ‰) coastal habitats. Key words: Telmatogeton japonicus, Chironomidae, pupal exuviae, Gulf of Finland Benthic macroinvertabrate communities in the 2005; Raunio 2008) to assess chironomid littoral and sub-littoral zones in the Gulf of community composition in three areas in the Finland (Baltic Sea) are rather poorly known, as Gulf of Finland (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Contributors of Finngen
    BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Open Resp Res Contributors of FinnGen Steering Committee Aarno Palotie Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland Mark Daly Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland Pharmaceutical companies Howard Jacob Abbvie, Chicago, IL, United States Athena Matakidou Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom Heiko Runz Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States Sally John Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States Robert Plenge Celgene, Summit, NJ, United States Mark McCarthy Genentech, San Francisco, CA, United States Julie Hunkapiller Genentech, San Francisco, CA, United States Meg Ehm GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom Dawn Waterworth GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom Caroline Fox Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, United States Anders Malarstig Pfizer, New York, NY, United States Kathy Klinger Sanofi, Paris, France Kathy Call Sanofi, Paris, France University of Helsinki & Biobanks Tomi Mäkelä HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland, Finland Jaakko Kaprio Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland, Finland Petri Virolainen Auria Biobank / Univ. of Turku / Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland Kari Pulkki Auria Biobank / Univ. of Turku / Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland Terhi Kilpi THL Biobank / Finnish Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Space to Live and to Grow in the Helsinki Region Welcome to Nurmijärvi
    In English Space to live and to grow in the Helsinki region Welcome to Nurmijärvi Hämeenlinna 40 min Choose the kind of environment that you prefer to live in: an urban area close Tampere 1 h 20 min to services, or a rural environment close to nature. Hanko 2 h 10 min Kehä III Nurmijärvi centre Enjoy the recreational facilities on offer: there are cultural and other events – (Outer ring road) 12 min also for tourists, and there are possibilities to exercise and enjoy nature almost Hyvinkää 20 min outside your own front door. Services from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area add to Helsinki 30 min the offering. Estimated times from the E12 junction near the centre of Nurmijärvi Benefit from a wide range of services that take into account your life situation: from early childhood to basic education and further training, and later on, elderly General facts Main population people are offered a high standard of care. • Surface area: 367 km2 centres • Inhabitants: over 40 000 • Klaukkala: 40 % Your business will be ideally located, making logistics easy to arrange: a short • Under 15-yearsElinvoimaa old: 25 % ja• Nurmijärvielämisen centre: 20 % distance from the ports and airport, you’ll benefit from good road communications tilaa Helsingin• Rajamäki: seudulla 18 % in both east-west and north-south directions, while being away from the rush. Choose your workplace and your journey to work: apart from your own munici- HYVINKÄÄ pality, the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the municipalities to the north are near Lahteen neighbours. Tampereelle MÄNTSÄLÄ 25 POR- Klaukkala Rajamäki NAI- Nurmijärvi offers all this – a large enough municipality to be able to provide the nec- JÄRVENPÄÄ NEN essary services and infrastructure for modern life, as well as to grow and develop E 12 Kirkonkylä continuously, but still small enough to provide a living space at a competitive cost.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki-Uusimaa Region Uusimaa Regional Council City of Helsinki Picture Bank / Mika Lappalainen
    Helsinki-Uusimaa Region Uusimaa Regional Council City of Helsinki Picture Bank / Mika Lappalainen Helsinki-Uusimaa Region The Helsinki-Uusimaa Region is at the Uusimaa is the most urbanised area in heart of northern Europe. Located on the Finland with the Baltic Sea playing a major south coast of Finland it is home to around role in its life. Agricultural landscapes and 1.4 million people or more than a quarter of the rocky terrain along the coast are the the country’s total population. The annual most common views encountered outside population growth of Uusimaa is about the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Forests also 13,000 and the percentage of young adults cover vast areas of Uusimaa – as they do - those under the age of 40 - is particularly most of Finland. high. Half of all the immigrants in Finland The region as a whole is characterised by live in the region. a strong historical and social identity and, The Helsinki Metropolitan Area cities like the rest of Finland, Uusimaa is bilingual of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen in the official languages of Finnish and form the core of Uusimaa. Swedish. Helsinki-Uusimaa Region • Employment - services 80.8 % • Capital region of Finland - secondary production 18.6 % - agriculture 0.6 % • 21 municipalities, the largest demographic and consumption concentration in Finland • Excellence in environmental conditions - 300 km of coastline • 1,4 M inhabitants, 26 % of total - two national parks population of Finland - growth 13 000 / year • Qualified human and scientific resources - foreign population
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Migration in Finland and the Context of Integration Policy
    1. MIGRATION IN FINLAND AND THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION POLICY – 45 Chapter 1 Migration in Finland and the context of integration policy Despite rapid growth over the past 25 years, Finland’s migrant population is not large in international comparison. The foreign-born in Finland, however, come from a diverse range of countries and bring with them a concomitantly wide range of integration service needs. The increase in inflows – particularly asylum seekers – in 2015, put a strain on the Finnish integration system, which was designed to support far fewer migrants. And important changes were introduced as the system struggled to maintain efficiency in the fact of increasing demand. These changes included integration services organised into modules that could be more easily combined into a tailored package of measures and the introduction of the Social Impact Bond to harness private finance in support of integration. If effective in ensuring Finland’s migrants are well integrated in society and on the labour market, these investments will help to alleviate the ageing-related challenges the country expects in the coming years.. This chapter provides the context for the report outlining i) the integration context, and the characteristics and composition of Finland’s foreign-born population that influence their integration outcomes, as well as the labour market context and challenges this presents, before turning to ii) the recent developments in integration policy in Finland. WORKING TOGETHER: SKILLS AND LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR CHILDREN IN FINLAND © OECD 2018 46 – 1. MIGRATION IN FINLAND AND THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION POLICY Over the last quarter of a century, Finland’s foreign-born population has been growing at a compound annual rate of 6.8 %; where the foreign-born accounted for just 1% of the Finnish population in 1990, in 2016 they accounted for close to 6.5%.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Finnish Mobilities: Proceedings of Finnforum XI
    Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen This volume is based on a selection of papers presented at Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) the conference FinnForum XI: Transnational Finnish Mobili- ties, held in Turku, Finland, in 2016. The twelve chapters dis- cuss two key issues of our time, mobility and transnational- ism, from the perspective of Finnish migration. The volume is divided into four sections. Part I, Mobile Pasts, Finland and Beyond, brings forth how Finland’s past – often imagined TRANSNATIONAL as more sedentary than today’s mobile world – was molded by various short and long-distance mobilities that occurred FINNISH MOBILITIES: both voluntarily and involuntarily. In Part II, Transnational Influences across the Atlantic, the focus is on sociocultural PROCEEDINGS OF transnationalism of Finnish migrants in the early 20th cen- tury United States. Taken together, Parts I and II show how FINNFORUM XI mobility and transnationalism are not unique features of our FINNISH MOBILITIES TRANSNATIONAL time, as scholars tend to portray them. Even before modern communication technologies and modes of transportation, migrants moved back and forth and nurtured transnational ties in various ways. Part III, Making of Contemporary Finn- ish America, examines how Finnishness is understood and maintained in North America today, focusing on the con- cepts of symbolic ethnicity and virtual villages. Part IV, Con- temporary Finnish Mobilities, centers on Finns’ present-day emigration patterns, repatriation experiences, and citizen- ship practices, illustrating how, globally speaking, Finns are privileged in their ability to be mobile and exercise transna- tionalism. Not only is the ability to move spread very uneven- ly, so is the capability to upkeep transnational connections, be they sociocultural, economic, political, or purely symbol- ic.
    [Show full text]
  • Dual Origins of Finns Revealed by Y Chromosome Haplotype Variation Rick A
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1171–1179, 1998 Dual Origins of Finns Revealed by Y Chromosome Haplotype Variation Rick A. Kittles,1 Markus Perola,4 Leena Peltonen,4 Andrew W. Bergen,2 Richard A. Aragon,2 Matti Virkkunen,5 Markku Linnoila,3 David Goldman,2 and Jeffrey C. Long1 1Section on Population Genetics and Linkage, 2Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and 3Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; 4Department of Human Molecular Genetics, National Public Health Institute, and 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Summary studies on genetic disorders, has increased rapidly. At present, there are 133 rare genetic diseases that are more The Finnish population has often been viewed as an prevalent in Finland than in other populations (de la isolate founded 2,000 years ago via a route across the Chapelle 1993). The high prevalence of these rare dis- Gulf of Finland. The founding event has been charac- eases has been attributed to founder effects resulting terized as involving a limited number of homogeneous from Finland’s unique population history. This unique- founders, isolation, and subsequent rapid population ness is conspicuously reflected by the fact that, unlike growth. Despite the purported isolation of the popula- most other Europeans, Finns do not speak an Indo-Eur- tion, levels of gene diversity for the Finns at autosomal opean language. Finnish is a member dialect of the Uralic and mitochondrial DNA loci are indistinguishable from language family, whose only other speakers within Eu- those of other Europeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland's Context and Configuration
    CHAPTER 2 The Backdrop for Success: Finland’s Context and Configuration 1 Introduction Finland’s context plays a strong role in its outcomes in PISA. Following Phillips and Schweisfurth (2006) and Halls’ (1970) approaches to comparative educa- tion, this chapter explores Finland’s historical and social context in order to better understand the country’s educational achievements. An education sys- tem, as a “living thing,” according to Sadler (in Higginson, 1979, p. 49), merits investigation within its context. The Finns need and deserve more than a brief description to explain and clarify their unique qualities. The question, “Who are the Finns?” necessitates a long answer: But where does Finland belong? Is it a Baltic state, like Estonia? Is it part of Scandinavia, like Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, with which it is linked and with which it has such close ties? Is it really a part of Russia? Or is it something different from all these? A great part of Finnish history has been devoted to trying to solve this problem. (Bacon, 1970, p. 16) This chapter strives to clarify the Finnish context, and therefore how this even- tually influenced high PISA outcomes in all administrations of the survey. It also explains the Finnish education system after exploration of “things out- side the school system” (Sadler, in Higginson, 1979, p. 49). This approach will enlighten the context in which the education system lies. 2 History of Finland to Independence The Finnish people kept to themselves throughout their early history. “Due partly to the size of the country and their own small numbers, the Finns have striven throughout their history to live their own lives, avoid assimilation with their neighbours and remain aside from the quarrels of the rest of the world” (Juva, 1968, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Uusimaa Region
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE UUSIMAA REGION. OUTLINING THE REGION Olli Pekka Hatanpää ABSTRACT Development problems of the Uusimaa region, called also Helsinki region, is the main topic of the article. The Usimaa region is the only one metropolitan area in Finland, and is inhabited by 1.4 million people. In the article social and economic characteristics of the region are presented together with description of features of this region in- cluding level of creative industry development and level of development of knowledge based economy, as well as high productivity of industry located in the region. Administrative structure and system of administration and management of development are outlined. In this context cooperation among municipalities from the metropolitan area is discussed. Then main development trends and development challenges are presented. Among the most important are those related to climate changes, lack of affordable housing in the central part of the metropolitan region, aging population, lack of labour force in some segments of the labour market, and urban sprawl. The article also contains description of approaches and methods used in planning work , especially those related to forecasting and preparation of long term plans. Methods and instruments to analyze development trends are presented as well as formulas to calculate demand for housing and other services, and methods of creating development scenarios. The article is concluded with recom- mendations resulting from experience with planning and managing development of the Uusimaa Region. Uusimaa Region, also called Helsinki Region, is at the heart of northern Europe. Situated on the south coast of Finland, it includes the only metropolitan area of the nation.
    [Show full text]