(GSSHA) User's Manual; Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling
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System-Wide Water Resources Program ERDC/CHL SR-06-1 Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User’s Manual Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1 Charles W. Downer and Fred L. Ogden September 2006 Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. System-Wide Water Resources Program ERDC/CHL SR-06-1 September 2006 Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User’s Manual Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1 Charles W. Downer Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Fred L. Ogden Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Department 3295, 1000 East University Avenue Laramie, WY 82071-2000 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 ERDC/CHL SR-06-1 ii Abstract: The need to simulate surface water flows in watersheds with diverse runoff production mechanisms has led to the development of the physically-based hydrologic model Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). GSSHA is a reformulation and enhancement of the two-dimensional, physically based model CASC2D. The GSSHA model is capable of simulating stream flow generated by a variety of sources, including runoff due to infiltration excess and saturated sources areas and seeps, as well as direct interaction between streams and the saturated groundwater. The model employs mass-conserving solutions of partial differential equations. The hydrologic components are closely linked, assuring an overall mass balance. The model has been applied to a diverse variety of projects and has been proven useful for analysis of hydrologic and sedimentation processes, and can provide information needed for designed systems and the potential effects of projects, land-use change, environmental restoration, best management practices, climate change, and related issues. This manual describes the model formulation, model input, and provides information on the practice of hydrologic modeling with GSSHA, and hydrologic modeling in general. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CHL SR-06-1 iii Contents Figures and Tables...............................................................................................................................viii Preface.....................................................................................................................................................x Unit Conversion Factors........................................................................................................................xi 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 History....................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose..................................................................................................................................... 3 Differences Between GSSHA and CASC2D ............................................................................ 4 2 GSSHA Model Formulation............................................................................................................ 7 Processes Simulated................................................................................................................ 7 Time-Steps and Process Updates............................................................................................ 8 Inputs ......................................................................................................................................11 3 Project File ....................................................................................................................................14 Required Inputs......................................................................................................................14 Mapping Table - Optional .......................................................................................................15 Overland Flow - Required.......................................................................................................16 Required inputs..........................................................................................................................16 Optional inputs ...........................................................................................................................16 Interception - Optional............................................................................................................ 17 Rainfall Input and Options - Required ................................................................................... 17 Infiltration - Optional ..............................................................................................................18 Green and Ampt (GA).................................................................................................................18 Green and Ampt with Redistribution (GAR) ..............................................................................18 Multilayered Green and Ampt ...................................................................................................19 Richards’ Equation.....................................................................................................................19 Channel Routing - Optional....................................................................................................22 Required inputs..........................................................................................................................22 Initial condition and boundary condition - optional..................................................................22 Stream losses/gains – optional ................................................................................................22 Continuous Simulations – Optional.......................................................................................24 Required inputs..........................................................................................................................24 Seasonal canopy resistance - optional .....................................................................................24 Method of calculating evapotranspiration – required, select one method ............................24 Format of hydrometeorological (HMET) data – required, select one format..........................25 ET parameter assignment – required, select mapping table or GRASS ASCII maps.............25 Saturated Groundwater Flow - Optional................................................................................25 Required inputs..........................................................................................................................25 Optional inputs ...........................................................................................................................27 Optional Output ..........................................................................................................................28 ERDC/CHL SR-06-1 iv Soil Erosion - Optional............................................................................................................28 Soil erosion simulation - required .............................................................................................28 Soil erosion parameters – required, specify in mapping table or GRASS ASCII maps ..........28 Soil erosion factors – required, specify in mapping table or GRASS ASCII maps ..................28 Optional inputs ...........................................................................................................................29 Output Files - Required ..........................................................................................................29 Required output .........................................................................................................................29 Optional output...........................................................................................................................30 Optional output maps ................................................................................................................31 4 General Considerations ...............................................................................................................32 Units........................................................................................................................................32 Grid Size..................................................................................................................................32 Total Event Simulation Time ..................................................................................................33 Coordinate System .................................................................................................................33