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ABTX,426 Acetylcholine Aggression, 198 Electroconvulsive Shock, 386 Hypothalamic, Aggression, 187 Morphine Withdrawal, 252 Synth

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INDEX ABTX,426 Aggression (cont'd) Acetylcholine methylphenidate, 263 aggression, 198 methylxanthine, 263 electroconvulsive shock, 386 morphine, 196 hypothalamic, aggression, 187 morphine withdrawal, 251-252 morphine withdrawal, 252 pain-induced, 189, 192-193 synthesis, electroconvulsive shock, 398- pathological, 254 399 phencyclidine, 255 ACTH, see Adrenocorticotropic hormone predatory, 203-204, 226 Adrenergic receptors prevalent aggressive behavior pattern, beta, electroconvulsive shock, 391-393 267 Adrenocorticotropic hormone psychopharmacology, 183-277 analogs, 545 resident-intruder, 201-202 memory, 543-546 seizure, 198-199 Affective states, conditioning, 26-36 serotonin, 187 Aggression sexual, 233-234 acetylcholine, 198 status-related, 199-20 I hypothalamic, 187 tetrahydrocannabinol,255-261 affective, 194 Alcohol amphetamine, 263 aggression, 235-245 autoaggression, 228 animal,235-241 brain lesion-induced, 195 determinants, 238 brain stimulation-evoked, 194-195 dose-effect relationship, 238 brain tumor, 194 homicide, 241-245 cannabis, 255-261 mechanism, 245 clonidine, 196 testosterone, 239 cocaine, 263 violence, 241, 242 "code," 187 Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, drug treatment, 204-205 dextroamphetamine, 339 frustration-induced, 193 Alprazolam, mechanism of action, 611 hallucinogens, 196, 252-263 Alzheimer's dementia, 549 interspecies, 203 model,452 intraspecies, 203 Amitriptyline isolation-induced, 188-189 assay, 623 lysergic acid diethylamide, 253-254 carbohydrate ingestion, 133, 135 maternal, 202-203 predatory aggression, 226 mescaline, 254-255 structure, 610 633 634 INDEX Amoxapine,611 Anticonvulsant drugs Amphetamine aggression, 232-233 aggression, 263 tolerance to, 24-26 clinical data, 274-275 Antidepressant drugs determinants of effect, 266-271 aggression, 223-228 dose-related response, 267 assay, 623 drug administration, 271 binding sites, 617 drug antagonism, 272 vs. electroconvulsive therapy, 376 rage response, 266 food intake, 133 anorexic effect, 21 receptor binding, 619 antiaggressive effect, 272 second-generation, 609-631 drug antagonism, 272 behavioral assays, 619-625 efficacy, 275 mechanism of action, 612-616 conditioned place preference, 33 neurological assays, 616-619 conditioned taste aversion, 28 serotonin antagonism, 622 dopamine release Apomorphine feeding behavior, 152 AI0 neuron activity, 338 feeding pattern, 142 aggression, 269 vs. fenfluramine, 152 attack behavior, 269 food intake, 129 food intake, 130 6-hydroxydopamine, 196 morphine withdrawal, 252 locomotor activity, 169 nicotine blockade, 447 mechanism of action, 74-75 stereotypy, 577 motor activity, 71 Appetitive behavior, 600-602 nicotine blockade, 447 Arcuate nucleus, 13 orexic and anorexic effect, 169-171 Arecoline, 386 quantitative effects, conceptualization, catalepsy, 386 170 discrimination, 447 reverse tolerance, 18 Arginine vasopressin, 540 social status-dependent effect, 269 Attention deficit disorder stereotypy, 577 diagnosis, 68 stress response, 8 differential diagnosis, 69 substance P blockade, 552 with hyperactivity, 64, 68-74 Tourette's syndrome, 96 neurochemistry, 75-84 Amygdala, 482 phenylethylamine,83 Anabasine, 426 Tourette's syndrome, 96 generalization with nicotine, 439 treatment, 74 Analgesia (see also Pain) Attentional dysfunction, 61, 70 amygdala, 482 Atropine endogenous systems, 485-495 (see also food intake, 129 Opioids) tachycardia, 15 footshock-induced, 485, 490-493 Autoreceptor, 337 opiate, 478-484 nerve terminal, 337 stimulation-produced, 480 supersensitivity, 355 stress-induced, 7, 23 Avoidance response, 577 Androgens, 135 Azepindole,611 Anesthetic hypotension, 502 Angel dust, see Phencyclidine Barbiturates Angiotensin II, 550 aggression, 213-214, 216-217 Anorexia, 161-168 food intake, 134 Anorexia nervosa, 136 Behavior Antiandrogenic agents, 233-234 aggression, 183-277 INDEX 635 Behavior (coot'd) Chlordiazepoxide feeding, 123-181 aggression, 214-215 predatory, 197 food intake, 133 Benzedrine, 84, 86 nicotine, 442 Benzodiazepines satiation, 141 antiaggressive effect, 220 Chlorimipramine, 226 food intake, 133, 134 Chlorisondamine, 426 rage reactions associated with, 222 nicotine blockade, 447 receptors, 220 p-Chlorophenylalanine,379 taming action, 213 Chlorpromazine Beta-adrenergic blockers, 211-213 aggression, 206-208, 210 Beta-funaltrexamine, 500 amphetamine aggression, 272 Bicuculline,381 food intake, 133, 134 Blood pressure, 15 Cholecystokinin, 550-551 Body temperature, 9-12 food intake, 130,551 Bombesin, 130 memory, 551 Brain tumor, 194 Cigarette smoking, 451 Bulbocapnine Circadian rhythm, 8 cardiovascular effects, 15 Clonidine mechanism of action, 15 aggression, 196 Bupropion attention deficit disorder with assay, 624 hyperactivity, 74 mechanism of action, 611 dosage, 101, 102 structure, 610 food intake, 135 as a training drug, 621 haloperiodol with, 102 Butyrophenones vs. haloperidol, Tourette's syndrome, 101 aggression, 205, 210 onset of action, 10 1 catalepsy, 578 side effects, 102 Bypass surgery, intestinal, 127 Tourette's syndrome, 97, 101-102 withdrawal symptoms, 98 Caffeine Clothiapine,211 aggression, 275 Clozapine food intake, 135 aggression, 211 Calcitonin, 130 food intake, 134 Calcium, 400-401 Cocaine Cannabinoids, 196 aggression, 263 Cannabis, 255-261; see also food intake, 131 Tetrahydrocannabinol reverse tolerance, 18 Carbachol, 426 Conditioned drug effects, 2 Cardiovascular system, 15-16 cardiovascular, 15-16 Caroxazone, 611 drug self-administration, 37 Catalepsy, 578 paradoxical conditioning, 9 Cathine, see Phenylpropanolamine Conditioned place preference, 28 Cathinone, 132 amphetamine-induced, 33 Central nervous system cocaine-induced, 33 dopamine receptors, 338 development, 33 nicotinic receptor, 454-457 Conditioned response, 2 Cerebral vascular disorders, 502 Conditioned stimulus, 1 CGS 8216, 132 Conditioned taste aversion, 27-29 Chemotherapy, 36-37 loss of, 32 Childhood psychiatric disorders, 59-121 naloxone, 31 Chloralose, 134 nicotine, 435-436 636 INDEX Conditioning Dopamine (cont'd) drug effects, 2 agonists, 267 evidence, 4 amphetamine-stimulated, 19 optimal conditions, 5-6 appetitive behavior, 600-602 tests, 3-4 attention disorder deficit with Contingent tolerance, 21 hyperactivity, 75 Cotinine, 443 cerebral cortex, 330 Corticosterone, 259 depletion, 578 Cyclic AMP, 399-400 electroconvulsive shock, 380-382 Cyproheptadine intracranial self-stimulation, 579 anorexia nervosa, 136 mesocortical system, 330-332 food intake, 134, 136 mesolimbic system, 330-332 Cyproterone acetate, 233, 234 midbrain systems, 330-332 Cytisine, 426 A9 vs. A10, 332-334 generalization with nicotine, 439 electrophysiological identification, 334-337 d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE), 501 neuron regulation, 337-355 Danitracen, 611 nigrostriatal system, 330 De Lange syndrome, 266 opiate reward, 498 Depressive illness, 375 reciprocal action with serotonin, 146 Desipramine, 623 synthesis, 390 Desmethylimipramine, 352 Dopamine receptors Dextroamphetami~e CNS, 338 AI0 neuron activity, 338 D-2 subtype, 338 alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, 339 Drug(s) vs. fenfluramine, 146 of abuse, 235-277 haloperidol antagonism, 344 aggression, 204-235 learning disability, 90 antidepressants, see Antidepressant mechanism of action, 70 drugs rebound effect, 72 food intake, 126-136 Diazepam, 379 pediatric medication, 65-67 Diethylpropion, 146 tranquilizers, see Tranquilizers Dimethyl-phenylpiperazinium, 426 treatment, 40 Diphenylhydantoin, 233 Drug effects L-dopa conditioned, 2 AIO neuron activity, 338 multiple, 6-7 morphine withdrawal, 252 observed,2 Dopamine Drug self-administration, 37-40, 423 A8 neurons, 331 conditioned drug effects, 37 A9 neurons, 331, 332-334 Drug tolerance, 354 A10 neurons, 331 conditioning factors in, 18-26 vs. A9, 332-334 Dyslexia chronic neuroleptic administration, neuropsychological syndromes in, 85 352 piracetam, 92 effect of agonists, 338-348 GABA, 351, 355-358 Electroconvulsive shock isoproterenol, 359 acetylcholine, 386 piperoxan, 359 vs. antidepressant drugs, 376 rauwolscine, 359 beta-adrenergic receptor, 391-393 serotonin, 358-359 clonidine-induced neuroendocrine substance P, 360 response, 401 yohimbine, 359 dopamine, 380-382 INDEX 637 Electroconvulsive shock (com'd) Fluoxetine (com'd) GABA, 383-386 predatory aggression, 226 haloperidol-induced catalepsy, 383 structure, 610 5-hydroxytryptamine, 377-380, 402 Flurothyl,377 naloxone, 386-387 Flutamide, 233 neurotensin, 400 Food intake norepinephrine, 382-383 alteration, 139 opioids, 386-387 carbohydrates, 144 substance P, 400 control,125-126 Electroconvulsive therapy drugs, 126-136 calcium levels, serum, 400-401 enhancement, 132-136 depressive illness, 375 fat, 144 mechanism ofaction, 375-408 vs. feeding behavior, 137 Endorphins, see Opioids naloxone, 155-158 Enkephalin, 480 naltrexone, 159 Enterogastrone, 130 nicotine, 450 Epinephrine protein, 144 blood pressure, 15 psychopharmacology, 123-182 cardiovascular effects, 15 satiation, 141 food intake, 129 serotonin, 149-150 Estradiol, 259 serotonin synthesis, 144-145 Estrogens, 130 suppression, 128-132, 136-137 Ethanol (see also Alcohol) xylamidine, 150 anticonvulsant effects, 24 Formamidines, 135 hypothermia, 11 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 232 tolerance, 16, 20 AIO dopamine neurons, 351, 355-358 Ethyl-p-carboline-3-carboxylate, electroconvulsive shock, 383-386 220 synthesis, 393-395 Euphoria,579-580 Gates Diagnostic Reading Test, 90 Extinction, 3 Glucose, 129 Glutamic acid, 351 Feeding behavior Glutamic acid decarboxylase, 396 amphetamine, 152 Glycerol, 129 control, models, 171-173 Gray Oral Reading Test, 85 fenfluramine,
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  • Literature Review of Prescription Analgesics in the Causal Path to Pain

    Literature Review of Prescription Analgesics in the Causal Path to Pain

    Literature Review: Opioids and Death compiled by Bill Stockdale ([email protected]) This review is the result of searches for the terms opioid/opioid-related-disorders and death/ADE done in the PubMed database. This bibliography includes selected articles from the 1,075 found by searching during May, 2008, which represent key findings in the study of opioids. Articles for which there is no abstract are excluded. Also case reports and initial clinical trial reports are excluded. This is a compendium of all articles and do not lead to a specific target. There are three major topics developed in the literature as shown in this table of contents; • Topic One: Opioids in Causal Path to Death (page 1) o Prescription Drug Deaths (page 1) o Illicit Drug Deaths (page 30) o Neonatal Deaths (page 49) • Topic Two: Deaths in Palliative Care and Pain Treatment (page 57) • Topic Three: Pharmacology, Psychology, Origins of Abuse Relating to Death (page 72) • Bibliography (page 77) The three topics are presented below; each is followed in chronological order. Topic One: Opioids in Causal Path to Death Prescription Drug Deaths Karlson et al. describe differences in treatment of acute myocardial infarction, including different opioid use among men and women. The question whether women and men with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are treated differently is currently debated. In this analysis we compared pharmacological treatments and revascularization procedures during hospitalization and during 1 year of follow-up in 300 women and 621 men who suffered an AMI in 1986 or 1987 at our hospital. During hospitalization, the mean dose of morphine (+/- SD) during the first 3 days was higher in men compared to women (14.5 +/- 15.7 vs.