Urban Systems of the Refugee Camp
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Jordan: Zaatari Refugee Camp
ZAATARI CAMP FACT SHEET Jordan: Zaatari Refugee Camp January 2021 Home to almost 80,000 Syrian refugees With 32 schools, 8 medical clinics, 58 community centres UNHCR PRESENCE 89 National and 6 International staff Zaatari Camp is under the joint administration of the Syrian Refugee Affairs Directorate (SRAD) and UNHCR. As the lead agency for refugees in Jordan, UNHCR is also covering Camp Coordination, which includes overall strategic and inter- camp operational coordination as well as within the sector working groups. UNHCR is the lead on Protection, Health, Shelter and Site Planning, Security, Community Mobilization, Basic Needs, and Livelihoods. Close to Jordan's northern border with Syria, Zaatari has become emblematic of Syrians' displacement across the Middle East following its establishment in 2012. Since then, the camp's evolution from a small collection of tents into an urban settlement reflects both the needs and aspirations of the camp's residents and a transition to a more predictable, cost-effective, and participatory platform for the delivery of assistance. Working with Partners Governmental partners: SRAD, Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MPWH), Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI), Ministry of Labour (MoL), Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Education (MoE), Ministry of Justice (MoJ), Ministry of Social Development (MoSD), Sharia'a Court, Civil Registry Department, and Family Protection Department International governmental organization: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) UN agencies: Food and Agricultural -
Voluntary Repatriation
ARC (Action for the Rights of Children) _______________________________________________ Module Two: Foundation CONTENTS Page Briefing for Facilitators Introduction ............................................................... 3 Guidance for Facilitators ............................................................ 7 SECTION 1: GENERAL PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION Topic 1: The Right to Return in International Law ............................... 9 Topic 2: Operational Principles for Voluntary Repatriation ..................... 10 Topic 3: UNHCR’s Mandate for Voluntary Repatriation............................. 13 Topic 4: The Role of Governments, Intergovernmental Organisations and Non- 16 Governmental Organisations................................................................ SECTION 2: WHO MAKES THE DECISION: BEST INTERESTS, CHILD PARTICIPATION AND PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY Topic 5: General Principles Relevant to the Voluntary Repatriation of Children .... 18 Topic 6: Additional Principles Relevant to the Voluntary Repatriation of Separated Children ...................................................................................... 21 SECTION 3: INFORMATION AND ACTIVITIES RELEVANT TO DECISION-MAKING Topic 7: Profiling the Refugee Community and the Situation in the Country of Origin ..................................................................................................... 26 Topic 8: The Information Campaign and Refugee Children ..................... 28 Topic 9: Counselling .................................................................................. -
Mental Health of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan: a Qualitative Rapid Reconnaissance Field Study
WTF/8; Total nos of Pages: 9; Azaad Kassam & Anar Nanji Mental health of Afghan refugees in Pakistan: a qualitative rapid reconnaissance field study Azaad Kassam & Anar Nanji For the past 25 years, Afghanshave accountedfor the status, socio-economic disadvantage, poor greatest number of displaced persons in the world. A physical health, collapse of social supports, large proportion of this population has sought psychological distress, and di⁄culty adapt- refuge in neighbouring Pakistan. Many Afghan ing to host cultures (Jablensky, Marsella, refugees have experienced unimaginable su¡ering Ekblad, Levi, & Jansson,1992). Any of these due to war and its consequences. Mental health is factors may in£uence the vulnerability and an essential aspect of the care of refugees, yet the coping abilities of refugee populations. mental health and well-being of Afghan refugees Mental health then, must be considered an has not been well studied. This qualitative ¢eld essential aspect of refugee health. survey endeavours to gain some understanding of collective factors in£uencing mental health in a The Afghan crisis refugee camp in Karachi, Pakistan. We present For the past 25 years, armed con£ict has ways of expressing distress, various sources of stress, a¡ected the people of Afghanistan. The and some of the coping mechanisms utilised by the Sovietoccupation inthe1980’sandthe power refugees in this camp. On basis of these results, some struggles after the fall of communism in recommendations are given. 1992 devastated the country.In1994 theTali- Keywords: Afghan refugees, mental ban movement emerged. This movement health, distress, coping, intervention spread through a large area of Afghanistan, and at the time of this study (1999), the Taliban controlled about two thirds of the Refugees and mental health land. -
Humanitarian Needs of Sahrawi Refugees in Algeria 2016 – 2017
Humanitarian Needs of Sahrawi Refugees in Algeria 2016 – 2017 1 July 2016 Caption cover page: A Sahrawi refugee, here with her children, lost her house due to the heavy rains in October 2015 and now is living in a tent, in Awserd camp, in Tindouf, Algeria. UNHCR/M.Redondo 2 Overview Financial Requirements 2016: USD 60,698,012 2017: USD 74,701,684 3 Executive Summary The Sahrawi refugee situation is one of the most protracted refugee situations in the world. Refugees from Western Sahara have been living in camps near Tindouf in southwest Algeria since 1975. The Government of Algeria recognized them as prima facie refugees, and has been hosting them in five camps, enabling access to public services, and providing infrastructure such as roads and electricity. In 1986, the host government requested the United Nations to assist Sahrawi refugees until a durable solution was found. Humanitarian assistance provided by UN agencies, international and national NGOs is based on a population planning figure of 90,000 vulnerable Sahrawi refugees. An additional 35,000 food rations are provided to persons with poor nutritional status. Pending a political solution, and due to the harsh conditions and remote location of the five refugee camps, the refugee population remains extremely vulnerable and entirely dependent on international assistance for their basic needs and survival. Due to the protracted situation of Sahrawi refugees and emergence of other large-scale humanitarian emergencies, funding levels have greatly decreased in recent years but humanitarian needs remain as pressing as ever. Lack of funding has severely affected the delivery of life-saving assistance to Sahrawi refugees by all organizations operating in the camps. -
Constructive Exceptionality Spontaneous Urbanization And
Constructive Exceptionality 81 Spontaneous urbanization and recovered agency in Zaatari refugee camp Sara al Nassir Institute of Urban and Regional Planning | Technische Universität Dresden DOI 10.7480/rius.6.95 Abstract In the increasingly urbanized Zaatari refugee camp, one prominent market street, Al-Souq, stands out as contributing to the creation of a camp city, thereby 82 challenging the view of camps as temporary settlements. While the spatial RIUS 6: transformation of Zaatari is indisputable, there has been little investigation into how such a transformative process has taken place. This paper questions INCLUSIVE URBANISM INCLUSIVE how the interplay between human agency and structure produces space in the camp, and, eventually, the city. To this end, Al-Souq, the main market street in Zaatari, has been chosen as a case study. Employing an explorative narrative approach, the main findings denote a constructive exceptionality that facilitates space creation as well as a consequential inclusion of refugees in the camp. Furthermore, the spatial construction of Al-Souq shows that refugees are in fact active agents. Therefore, the paper concludes by offering an alternative conceptualization of camps, i.e. that they are not necessarily temporary, as well as refugees, i.e. that they are not aid-dependent victims. These notions contradict traditional humanitarian perceptions. KEYWORDS refugee camp, production of space, duality, agency, structure 1. Introduction Agamben (1998) has designated camps as exceptional zones of indistinction, where the discrepancies between inclusion and exclusion are blurred. In his conceptualization, camps are perceived as static zones in which the primary characteristic is the maintenance of bare life. -
Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan
February 2002 Vol. 14, No. 2(G) AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, AND PAKISTAN CLOSED DOOR POLICY: Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Iran “The bombing was so strong and we were so afraid to leave our homes. We were just like little birds in a cage, with all this noise and destruction going on all around us.” Testimony to Human Rights Watch I. MAP OF REFUGEE A ND IDP CAMPS DISCUSSED IN THE REPORT .................................................................................... 3 II. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 III. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 6 To the Government of Iran:....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 To the Government of Pakistan:............................................................................................................................................................... 7 To UNHCR :............................................................................................................................................................................................... -
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION Regional Refugee
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) Monthly Regional Overview - July 2015 REGIONAL SITUATION ANALYSIS In the month of July, new CAR refugees have been registered in Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo (RoC), amounting to a total of 468,511. At the same time, the situation of internal displacement has seen a decrease in the number of IDPs (368,8591). Even if the violence has diminished, security remains volatile and unpredictable and continues hindering the work of relief organizations, including in the capital city Bangui2 and CHAD in neighbouring countries. In Chad, further to the arrest in Sarh of two suspected members of BH, local authorities have restricted the access to the main market in Maro. In Cameroon, after a military operation of MINUSCA at the border to dismantle armed groups positions, 91,054 insecurity has raised and rebel groups have reportedly been seen in Cameroon (Bombe- refugees Bakari,Gbiti, Garoua Boulai). In July, the new UN’s Humanitarian Coordinator, Mr Aurelien Agbenonci, took officially his functions stating that if the shortfall for aid will not be met, the UN “won’t be able to continue humanitarian activities until the end of the year”. In fact only 31% of the UN CAR humanitarian appeal for the CAR1 and only 18% funding for the RRRP have been received. 368,859 IDPs On 22 July the CAR’s highest court has overturned a decision by the transitional parliament 248,788 that would have barred tens of thousands of refugees who had fled to neighbouring refugees countries from voting in October’s presidential election3. -
Safe and Voluntary Refugee Repatriation: from Principle to Practice
Safe and Voluntary Refugee Repatriation: From Principle to Practice Jeff Crisp University of Oxford Katy Long University of Edinburgh Executive Summary The article discusses the principles of voluntariness, safety, and dignity in the context of refugee repatriation. It begins by setting out the applicable legal framework, and discusses how that framework has been elaborated upon and refined since 1951. The article then discusses how the principles of voluntariness, safety, and dignity have, in practice, been applied (or, in a few unfortunate cases, ignored). After noting that we are now living in an era of protracted refugee emergencies, the article concludes with a number of recommendations regarding alternatives to repatriation and the conditions under which repatriation can take place without offense to the principles of voluntariness, safety, and dignity. I. Introduction In April 2016, the Kenyan government announced its intention to close Dadaab, the largest refugee camp complex in the world. Dadaab currently hosts around 400,000 refugees, the majority of them Somalis. According to Interior Cabinet Secretary Joseph Nkaissery, “the decision we have made to close the camps is explicit and final. The refugees must be repatriated” (Psirmoi 2016). The plan to close Dadaab and repatriate the Somali refugees has triggered widespread condemnation, with refugees and their advocates insisting that any returns must be both safe and voluntary. A Tripartite Agreement between Kenya, Somalia, and UNHCR was signed in November 2013 to facilitate such movements, but by May 2016 only 5,200 refugees had repatriated under its auspices (Mutamo 2016). It is clear that a large number of Dadaab’s refugees do not want to return to Somalia, and will only do so under pressure. -
The Plight of the Labour Market in the Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps in Jordan
The Plight of the Labour Market in the Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps in Jordan An Assessment of the Labour Market for Syrian Refugees Based in the Zaatari and Azraq Refugee Camps and Surrounding Areas in Jordan 21 April 2019 SUSTAINABLE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Amman, Jordan Lead Consultant: Qasem Alnewashi Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 4 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 6 Background....................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 9 Findings and Analysis ..................................................................................................... 11 1. Composition of Households .................................................................................... 11 2. Livelihoods and Skills .............................................................................................. 14 3. Market Needs ......................................................................................................... 19 4. Potential Opportunities in Private Sector ............................................................... 22 5. Legal Considerations .............................................................................................. -
The Path of Somali Refugees Into Exile Exile Into Refugees Somali of Path the Joëlle Moret, Simone Baglioni, Denise Efionayi-Mäder
The Path of Somalis have been leaving their country for the last fifteen years, fleeing civil war, difficult economic conditions, drought and famine, and now constitute one of the largest diasporas in the world. Somali Refugees into Exile A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Movements Organized in the framework of collaboration between UNHCR and and Policy Responses different countries, this research focuses on the secondary movements of Somali refugees. It was carried out as a multi-sited project in the following countries: Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Netherlands, Efionayi-Mäder Denise Baglioni, Simone Moret, Joëlle South Africa, Switzerland and Yemen. The report provides a detailed insight into the movements of Somali refugees that is, their trajectories, the different stages in their migra- tion history and their underlying motivations. It also gives a compara- tive overview of different protection regimes and practices. Authors: Joëlle Moret is a social anthropologist and scientific collaborator at the SFM. Simone Baglioni is a political scientist and scientific collaborator at the SFM and at the University Bocconi in Italy. Denise Efionayi-Mäder is a sociologist and co-director of the SFM. ISBN-10: 2-940379-00-9 ISBN-13: 978-2-940379-00-2 The Path of Somali Refugees into Exile Exile into Refugees Somali of Path The Joëlle Moret, Simone Baglioni, Denise Efionayi-Mäder � � SFM Studies 46 SFM Studies 46 Studies SFM � SFM Studies 46 Joëlle Moret Simone Baglioni Denise Efionayi-Mäder The Path of Somali Refugees into Exile A Comparative -
Resident-Led Infrastructural Development in Za'atari Refugee Camp
Homemaking in Emergencies: Resident-Led Infrastructural Development in Za'atari Refugee Camp by Zahra Asghar Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in the Middle East Studies program. Thesis Advisor: Sreemati Mitter Second Reader: Jennifer Johnson Brown University April 20, 2020 Abstract Narratives surrounding public health infrastructure in refugee camps are critical to understanding the lived experiences of camp residents but are often understudied. This project draws on James Scott’s conceptions of the ways urban planning and governance strategies in the imperial era were used to render communities ‘legible’ to their foreign governments, arguing that the ways humanitarian organizations in these camps create and maintain infrastructure is tied to a similar conception of ‘camp legibility.’ It argues the legibility of a refugee camp is a product of its physical and administrative order, its temporariness, and the maintenance of international narratives of refugee passivity. This theoretical framework is formed and discussed through the lens of wastewater infrastructure in Za’atari refugee camp in Jordan, which remains the largest Syrian refugee camp in the Middle East. Through first person accounts from residents and aid workers on the ground, it traces the history of these systems from 2012, when the camp opened and camp governance implemented temporary washblocks that put many camp residents in danger, to 2019, with the completion of one of the largest development projects ever to have taken place in a UNHCR refugee camp. Through these narratives it becomes clear that while the humanitarian apparatus’ primary concern was maintaining the legibility of the camp, both in Jordan and in the international sphere, camp residents were primarily concerned with its livability—or how bearable an environment it was—over the course of the many years that they would be there. -
Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements
Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements A reference guide of good practices in the protection of refugees and other persons of concern A UNHCR publication, developed in co-operation with the NGO community and with funding from the Ford Foundation. Solutions and Operations Support Section Division of International Protection Services Geneva, Switzerland 2006 Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements A Reference Guide of Good Practices in the Protection of Refugees and Other Persons of Concern Sudan / Internally displaced people / aerial view of Seliah camp, 150 km north of El Geneina. The camp has 10,000 IDPs, most of whom fled their villages between May and August 2003, after attacks from the Janjaweed; others recently came back from refugee camps in Eastern Chad. September 27, 2004. UNHCR / H. Caux The Operational Protection Reference Guide is published in loose-leaf binder format to allow the periodic update and addition of good practices and new guidance. These supplements will be distributed regularly, with new Table of Contents and instructions on addition to the Reference Guide. Limited additional information and documents may be available for some of the good practices herein. NGOs and UNHCR field offices looking to replicate such practices, in ways appropriate to their local context, are encouraged to contact the UNHCR field office or NGO listed in the good practice for further information, including updates and lessons learned that have emerged since publication. UNHCR is always eager to receive additional examples of good practices from NGOs, refugee communities and UNHCR field offices, for possible inclusion in future supplements to the Guide.