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Total Publications 1 Catalogue S.No. Contents I LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Analogy of Kaba Suram with COVID-19 Symptoms - A Siddha Literature Review 2. A Perspective Review on Siddha System of Medicine in the Management of Corona Virus Disease 2019 3. Pharmacological Actions of Contents of Kabasura Kudineer- A Siddha Formulation for Fever with Respiratory Illness 4. Prevention of COVID 19 - Siddha perspective II IN-SILICO STUDIES 5. In Silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer - Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 6. Repurposing of Medicinal Plants Used in Siddha Formulations As Potential Protease Inhibitors of COVID-19: An in silico Approach 7. In Silico Docking Analysis of Poly Herbal Formulation Aadathodai Kudineer used in Siddha medicine in inhibiting Main Protease and ACE 2 Receptor Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 III PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES 8. In vitro antiviral activity of Kabasura Kudineer - Siddha polyherbal Formulation against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) 9. In-Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity and Thrombolytic Potential of Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), an Official Siddha Polyherbal Formulation 10. Antioxidative potential of Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), an official Siddha polyherbal formulation. IV CLINICAL STUDIES 11. Survival analysis to assess the length of stay of novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) patients under Integrated Medicine - Zinc, Vitamin C & Kabasura Kudineer (ZVcKK) 12. The efficacy of Siddha Medicine, Kabasura Kudineer (KSK) compared to Vitamin C & Zinc (CZ) supplementation in the management of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial 13. A double blinded placebo controlled comparative clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Siddha medicines, Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) & Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) along with standard Allopathy treatment in the management of symptomatic COVID 19 patients - a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial VI CASE STUDY 14. Siddha and Biomedicine integrative Management of novel Corona Virus Disease – A case report 2 V OTHER STUDIES 15. Commentary on COVID-19 Clinical Trials in India Based on CTRI (Clinical Trials Registry-India) 16. Characteristics of COVID-19 Clinical Trials in India based on the registration data on CTRI (Clinical Trials Registry -India): a cross-sectional study 17. Preparedness of Siddha system of medicine in practitioner perspective during a pandemic outbreak with special reference to COVID-19 18. COVID-19-specific clinical research using traditional medicine: lessons from traditional Chinese medicine for India’s AYUSH systems 19. The Current Situation of COVID -19 in India Published online in http://ijam.co.in ISSN No: 0976-5921 International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, Vol 11 (4), 616-621 Analogy of Kaba Suram with COVID-19 Symptoms - A Siddha Literature Review Review Article Susila Rathinam1*, Kannan Muthiah2, Sathiyarajeswaran Parameswaran3, Kavitha Tamilarasan1, Esaivani Selvarajan1, Usha Ayyasamy1 1. Research officer (Siddha), Basics and Fundamental Division, Department of Clinical Research, 2. HOD, Literary Research and Documentation Department, 3. Director I/C, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai. Abstract Kaba Suram (phlegmatic fever) is one among the 64 types of Suram (Pyrexia/fever), its synonyms, causes, pathology and characteristics have been mentioned crystal clear in Siddha literature. Its clinical features have been mentioned in few literatures such as Theran karisal, Suravagadam, Yugi chinthamani etc., which are almost similar to each other. The present day pandemic disease COVID-19 which still lacks specific drug towards its management or prophylaxis has become the spectrum of research focus in current scenario. Upon keen understanding of the Siddha literature the signs and symptoms of Kaba Suram fall in line with COVID-19 and a few other flu like illnesses. Therefore, the herbal decoction Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) indicated for the management of Kaba Suram has been recommended by the Siddha research community towards an integrated approach in tackling this worldwide emergency. The current scientific community demands evidence based explanation to understand the concept of Siddha system of medicine and necessitates International standards to reassure the efficacy of Siddha medicine. In this aspect, this review is aimed at evaluating all the available informations on Kaba Suram in Siddha literature and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to interpret the search results in terms of pathophysiology of Kaba Suram based on Mukkutram theory. This effort would therefore enable the Siddha research community to opt for effective Siddha medicines to manage the present pandemic situation. Key Words: Corona Virus, COVID-19, Traditional medicine, Indian Medicine, Kaba suram. Introduction categorized based on the affected Mukkuttram (Vatham, The Siddha system of medicine is one among Pitham and Kabam) by means of unhealthy diet and the Indigenous medical systems predominantly habits. practiced in South India. The literature of Siddha According to Siddha concept, the etio- describes 4448 diseases which can affect the human pathogenesis of Suram (Pyrexia/fever) is due to the (Siddha classical text Agathiyar irantaayiram)(1). formation of Amam (indigested metabolic products) in According to Siddha science, the three subtle entities the intestine favoured by the aggravated Kabam called Vali (Vatham), Azhal (Pitham), and Aiyam humour. This fact has been emphasized in the Siddha (Kabam) are said to be the three vital life forces / literature as Kudal thannil seetham allaathu Suram functional units of the human body. These units are varaathu(3). Though unhealthy food habits have been responsible for the general health and well being of an mentioned as a general cause of Suram in majority of individual when they are present in the ratio of 1:½:¼ selected literatures, it has also included a few practical respectively(2). Consumption of unhealthy food pattern issues of life towards the etiopathogenesis of fever in and habits can alter the ratio of these functional units common. They are wrong behaviour/ habits, Exposure leading to various ailments (Imbalance of the vital life to excessive and polluted air, walking for a long forces). Suram (Pyrexia/fever) is considered as one of distance/running hardly, excessive work strain, the diseases in Siddha literature which has been excessive sexual indulgence, vitiated Vathathodam, fear classified into 64 types. The causes of Suram are and worries, insomnia, anger and other bad emotions, vitiated Kabathodam, wandering in mist and excessive chillness, sensation of coldness due to getting wet in rain or bathing for a long time, indigestion and * Corresponding Author: constipation(3-5). The Siddha concept portray that Susila Rathinam Vatham humour is responsible for conception and Research officer (Siddha), Basics and Fundamental creation, Pitham for counter action against diseases and division, Department of Clinical Research, Kabam for annihilation which is emphasized in the lines Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for of Siddhar Theran as “Vaathamai padaithu pitha Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam ,Chennai-106. India vanniyai kaathu sethuma seethamai thudaithu.” Email Id: [email protected] 616 Published online in http://ijam.co.in ISSN No: 0976-5921 Susila Rathinam et.al., Analogy of Kaba Suram in Siddha with Covid-19 Infections and disease progression occur when infection(1,7,4). The aggravated humour of Kabam an individual’s immunity is challenged. This immune lodges in other parts of the body other than its own seats challenge could be connected with decrease of Pitham. (Vaetrunilai Valarchi). The preliminary symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, The above mentioned reasons increases Kabam dry cough, sore throat might be overcome if there is which fluctuates Kledaka Kabam and results in Amam acceptable measure of immunity when Pitham humour and fever. This Amam is absorbed by the intestinal is energetic. If not the Kaba Thodam raises and further vessels and distributed all over the body and obstructs progresses to a critical stage Sanni (Delirium)(3).This the excretion of sweat resulting in fever. Thus the literature search would provide information regarding formation of Amam is the main reason for increasing the disease staging, prognosis and crucial assessment to body temperature. The common and major symptoms of choose effective Siddha medicines based on altered Kaba Suram mentioned in all the texts are body ache, humour and aid in the management of COVID-19. This fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhoea, sore throat, shortness of literature analysis has been focused at analyzing, breath, chest pain and sometimes leading to summarizing and correlating all the available neurological symptoms like confusion and even informations on Kaba Suram in Siddha literature with death(2). that of the various symptoms and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to derive the Siddha pathophysiology of End stage of Kaba Suram (Sanni - Delirious stage) Kaba Suram based on Mukkutram theory. The end stage symptoms of Kaba Suram occur The relevant Siddha literatures which has due to vitiation of the Mukkuttram (Vatham, Pitham and mentioned about the Suram were searched from the Kabam) (the abnormal physiological state). In general Library Unit of Siddha Medicine. Siddha Classical the vitiation of Vatham, Pitham and Kabam either books such as Yugi Vaithya Sintamani, Noi Nadal
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