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News Art at the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times NEWS ART AT THE LOUISVILLE COURIER-JOURNAL ANI HMES by ?hyii:s irene groth 3. A., Northern Illinois University, 1967 'ASTIR' 5 THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment .f Che requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of ilism and Mass Communications an, (Cans 1979 ADor ov • ' 4 - — SLE OF CONTENTS ILLUS [ONS . vi rRODUCTI 1 i. :ld study • SPAPERS 20 .ssapers Tod.: tk: MOMENT 60 esent Management : L 1 i:ies IE PEOPLE 11 [a tr sductloil e News Artists Ne :t Director J Maupin Graphics Editor J an [ER-JOI ES . 139 Production - 3 anc Color Ava . and Qua.. Lrt Page Design Crea :s 'CS :s 231 ^on lb Cover School p : Clark C Design and Illufl -on NEWS ART AT THE LOUISVILLE COURIER-JOURNAL AND TIMES by Phyllis Zrer.e Groth 1979 Copyright PART II. :s Ch.. VII PROBLEMS, FEEDBACK, SOLUTIONS . .277 News Copy Errors C : Color Errors IX. :s 282 The Younger The Mid- Group Older Artil The Groups: Other vs CHANGE: SHORT-: :roduction Short- El hange Long- term Change r CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATI : FOR F JDY 306 Ce ions Aeconmendations for Further Study 311 SELECTED 3I3LI0GRAPHY . illt3trat:::;s 1. Trayes ' 1969 Data on Newsroom Manning Levels . 2. The Louisville Courier-Journal and Tines 3. Summary of Editions and Sections 27 4. Manning Levels by Department 5. Communication Hierarchies in .Jews Administration . 6. Professional-Level Staffing: '.-'omen and Minorities -: 7. Courier- Journal Redesign 8. Louisville Courier- Journal Newsroom 55 9. Louisville Times Newsroom 56 10. Chronology of the News Art Department 61 11. Floor Plan, News Art 12. The Newsroom's Info-Ky lerminal 13. News Artist Bill Donovan 30 14. Locator Map of Hurs tbourne-Oxmoor Annexation . 15. A Bill Donovan "Zark" 16. Clarence Friend: M.otoring Illustration K 17. Stipple-Technique Drawing 18. News Artist Lee Ebner 19. "Fat Tax Weight Station" 20. "Sick Humor" 99 21. News Artist and Assistant News Art Dir--- 3en Ramsey 22. Kentucky Derby Cartoon Montage 23. itorial Page Layout 24. News Artist Steve Durbin 110 25. "Recuperating from New Year's Eve" 26. Panics giving Standby" 27. "Farmer"--3-D Cover (Color) 118 23. News Artist Herman Wiederwohl 29. nmad Hi" Cover (Color) 30. Opinion Page Illustration 31. Holistic Medicine Cover 32. News it Wes Kenda . 33. "A • Special Christmas Gd 34. -ndon Johnson" 35. News ;t Phil Rose 36. Jelly 3ean Journal II lustra .... 37. ;s Artist Mike Ccv con 38. "The Se. of L l le" C 39 Depiction 40. "Adult jn : i : ' 43. ... 44. News >irec- ... 166 Sample ' Director Maup epar^ ign iv tupin Confer^ tor 175 48. e Durbin "Zark" 165 49. of Coal Production 191 50. Redesigned on Standing Heads 197 Engraving Ticket 202 52. Home .'lace Cover Sketch 233 53. The Finished Drawing, Veloxed 237 Cutting the Soli 239 55. Business Editors Confer Durbin 56. Cutting the Stripes on the Shi: Completed Solid Yellow p 58. b Section Sig; Solid Red Flap .... 59. oted Solid Red Flap 60. Cu er on che Tone Red Flap 250 Con ed Solid Red and Tone Red Fla 251 Completed Tone Gr Lap ' 63. Ld and Screened Yellow Flaps y 64. eckl Co '.dke Sure Flaps are Correctly Cut 255 65. Durb spares to -.ished Flaps 256 '. 66. 3ver . 67. lace Cover as Pub: i (Color) . 258 68. Bill Donovan 3egins to Lay Out Locator Map . 260 69. 3order Tape Indicates Roads 70. Donovan Checks the ACCUX •? ... 263 D Bord< c Tape for the Tone Gray Flap . '2. levised Copy 73. led School Distr:: 266 Ledexvohl' s Ori Design Cv [at Drawing a: ^cket ' and Reversed Veioxes ... "eproporticned and Enlarged Headline . iyout , Rea I Art ... evised Layout and Art as Pul .ed .... x a WLEDGIE! Ideas, as they move reward fruition, involve people- many people. And each individual contributes no the make and shape of the whole. First, the writer would like to express her deepest thanks to her major professor, Dr. Carol Oukrop , for her constant support and guidance, and co committee members Dr. Robert 3ontrager and Dr. Harold Shaver for valuable assistance. -.r.i to Dr. Walter Bunge. for suggesting a: shaping the methodoicg; Next, deepest appreciation La ext ended to Ban 2ingham Jr.. publisher of the Louisville Courier-Journal ... Louisville Times, and tc the executive management of the newspapers, for an open-spirited welcome during the stuc Special thanks to J for be. ost, mentor, and patient friend. And to the people abc horn this was written Ben Ramsey. Steve Durbin, Bill Donovan, We Hernia ederwohl, Lee Ebner, Clarence Frie: . e Covi Joy Gifford and Phil ?.:se. To Jerry Ryan, sincere apprec. for much added help. To the managing and assis: .. .anaging ed I, editors . writers--e ~.e , o inks for your assistance two-week immers a two v fine newspapers. : The entire photography s: a special char..--, you e inc it photo por' l, and for assistance recessing wor .iy. To Martha CI a spec Last-niinul om a singular lad Aopr .s ex i ended to two BUUTVe] IS peopli .rents , Francis and I And co d l Ron Hughes, for his help--ar... during the cime in I .volve 3u to al vi . CHAPTER I TRODUCTION Some jour 'sugh illustrations, rather .an words Thi :• the news ar- s. employed by most • net] newspapers. i rk-~section covers, r.ews and feature illustrations, charts, standing heads and the — is an increasing isible part of the pages of c-wspapers; a component whose importance has been sub- s:.v f res- and cor wever, little has been dene to provide ?n about and insigfc le emerging role of news artists, C inc i whose responsibility Lt is to create the ict rez the field as essential in order CO gai attention of today's visually-aware reader. it newspaper LI lustration, gr- I page desi are becc- creas I nportant in Jouj developments during 1973 and 1979. -rican Press te sponsored a four-day ^aper desi 1978, rhicb e newspaper edittrs ar i des tted l for a page one of -eal" "aper • fed the J6. id pre- e pages as a desi dis- at the event. Subsc a t is pxi. ed 2 illustrating the designs and rationale of each participant. In January, 1979, many of these participants, plus other newspaper designers and graphics editors, formed the Society of Newspaper Designers. Open to news and graphics staffers and individuals in a wide range of related professions, the group began publishing a bi-monthly newsletter, and began planning design workshops and competitions. 3 One of the group's members, Roger Fidler, also began no publish a periodical on newspaper design. Called the : Seu ; : , and first published in Januar 1979, it is a bi-month] - : teen-page two-color journal newspaper design analysis, cost-cutting production tips type redesigns, plus interviews with leading newspaper designers :r. projects ir. which they participated. Tnese developments reflect a surge of interest in tl fie ewspaper design and graphics. In order to apply them, however, ab I and innovation are needed in the news :nents c: .... newspapers. Curiosity about what these departments are Lik today's larger newspapers, and about who the i: ... vs artists are, what <^y use, sponsibilizies and perceptions of their jobs led to this itud author's interest came from her own exporter.. ar_ "or a dail >spap< erat . Editorial cartooning, another ewspaper icion, has re ;everal researchers. agents for a: :e change, editorial cartoonists have b« nan. and by '.vheeler and Reed. ta- ng autonomy of I haj> been di.- by Dennis, 3ender and Low. Fit.- . ck has discussed the effects of widespread s .on of I coons on the Car- pi toonist job market, and of satire, caricature and other style elemer contemporary editorial cartooning has 9 been investigated b den. igard to non-editorial news .stration. Culbertsor. has reviewed findings about the effectiveness of D illustration. He stated tnat drawings and grapnics (charts and maps) add to attention-getting power, reader enjoy- ment and compreher. Connotative meaning seems to be - . ixt . Lb<_rtson' s research on the effects of icor or •j resemblance between a pictorial symbol and its referent I a story ites that graphics may increase the interpretive weight of . -gument or a set of arguments by: (1) imprc the arg (s) gaining and holding comprehension of , (2) att I argument ( s) , and (3) providing c. cues about author inter . addition, characte: ts of the ng , such as style and concreteness , affect reader response.' 11 cates that news il lustra .ces C •eness of the newspaper as a com;- itions tool, a Lgh sear iuced evidence that news artists s, mix respor. ities, and patterns ^r action, tx news st. 'a were unexplored areas. When initial searching through indexes of communications periodicals failed to discover any such studies, a ] ET on- line databank search was performed. The search queried : Managemer.t Contents and - sal Al lots files (th latter contains communications research periodicals such as imunioation Monographs, t , and :- on Research. The management file (File 75 L9 74-August 197S) pr no relevant references when addressed for topics C0> MEDIA/ NEWSROOM. The psychological abstracts file (File 11: 1967-August 1978) was queried for the following topic sequences: C L- CATIONS MEDIA paired with (1) IRPERSONAL LNTERACTION, - WORK ROLE, (3) WORKERS/WHITE COLLAR, (4) NEWS ROC." SPAPER, (5) MANAGEMENT, (6) STA1 S ROOM/ NEWSPAPER, and (7) NEWS/EDITORIAL STAFF. Additional topic sequences quex I -ere: '-'SPAPER pal 1) STAFF/STAFFS, (2) . PERSONAL, and (3) STAFFS /ARTISTS. The databank search revealed no re .; to newspaper artists, their roles or -ion.
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