Sozial Versus Politisch: Divergierende Rollenbilder Citizenship in Action
Sozial versus Politisch: divergierende Rollenbilder Citizenship in Action: „Reading“ Sacrifice in Classical Athens* Josine H. Blok „It was we, men of Athens, who made Charidemos a citizen, and by that gift bestowed upon him a share in our hiera kai hosia, in our legal traditions, and in everything in which we ourselves participate.“ With these words, Demosthenes summarised what it meant to be a citizen of Athens. „A share in the hiera and hosia“ was no wording of his own, but a stock phrase, used frequently in discourse about citizenship. Being an Athenaios or Athenaia, a citizen of Athens, entitled one to participation in the hiera and hosia of the city. And one could only be a citizen if born in an Athenian oikos, unless one was literally naturalised – changed to the condition as if one was born an Athenian and thus made a citizen (dêmopoiêtos). Considering that birth from two Athenian parents was the normal prerequisite for citizenship, it should come as no surprise that both men and women were counted as citizens, even if their respective roles in public and private life were different. Participation in the hiera and hosia of the polis concomitantly applied to male and female citizens alike. Conversely, by participating in the hiera and hosia, a citizen could demonstrate that he or she was a citizen. In this way, membership of the polis was put into practice. * I am grateful to Christian Mann for inviting me to the conference at Freiburg i. Br. in Novem- ber 006, and to Stephen Lambert for continuous discussions, in particular for his comments on a concise version of this essay for the Festschrift for Herman Brijder (Blok 008, in press).
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