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Download the Scanned Tn n AMERTcAx M rNERALocrsr ]OURNAL OF TIIE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VoI. 20 FEBRUARY, 1935 No. 2 THE LINNAEITE GROUP OF COBALT-NICKEL- IRON-COPPER SULFIDES W. A. Tenn, []niaersity of Missouri. The linnaeite group of sulfides as given by various mineralogists includes several difierent minerals. Danal includes linnaeite (siegenite), daubr6elite, cubanite, and carrollite. He does not in- clude polydymite. In the 1932edition of Dana-Ford's Tertbookof Mineralogy (pp. 430-431), sychnodymite is included with linnaeite, and polydymite is called "nickel-linnaeite." Violarite and badenite are also placed in this group. It may be possible that later studies will place badenite, (Co,Ni,Fe)3 (As,Bi)a?, and daubr6elite, FeS.Cr2S3,definitely in this group, but cubanite, Cu2S FeaS5, does not belong here as it is orthorhombic in crystallization. Doelter2 uses the term "Polydymite-Carrollite-group" for the linnaeite minerals. Linnaeite (siegenite), polydymite, carrollite, and sychnodymite are included in his list. Daubr6elite is placed in this group, but not because Doelter is satisfied that it belongs there; he merely follows the grouping of other mineralogists. Hintzes includes carrollite, daubr6elite, linnaeite (siegenite), sych- nodymite, polydymite, and also hauchecornite, which, however, as it crystallizes in the tetragonal system is not a member of this group. Violarite, (Ni,Fe)3Sa,was describedand named by Lind- grena(who without an analysis tentatively assignedit the formula, NiSz), and is undoubtedly a member of the linnaeite group. The formula, (Ni,Fe)35a, was determined by Short and Shannon (Ref. 31) in 1930.The following minerais are included in this dis- cussion: linnaeite, carrollite, sychnodymite, siegenite, violarite, and polydymite. Daubr6elite, the iron-chromium sulfide, included in the linnaeite group by some mineralogists, will not be discussed 1 Dana, E. S , SystemoJ Mi.nerology,6th Edit., 1909, p. 78. 2 Doelter, C., Hand.buch d.erMinerolchemie, Band iv, pt. I, 1926, pp. 645-657. 3 Hintze, Catl, Hand,buch d.erMineralogie, Band I, pt. I, 1904, pp. 957 968. a Lindgren, W., Econ. Geol.,voI. 19,1924, p. 3O9. 70 TEE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST in this article because it has not been definitely shown that it belongs in the isometric system. The proximity in the periodic table of chromium to cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron would favor the possibility that daubr6elite would be found to be a member of the group; but r-ray studies are needed to determine its structure. The marked range in composition shown by the minerals within this group was brought to the writer's attention while he was com- paring a new analysis of siegenite with the earlier analyses of the mineral. The new analysis was made in t932 by Lixb of a siegenite from the well known Mine La Motte locality in Madison County, Missouri. The analysis was made on crystals carefully selected so as to be practically free from chalcopyrite, the commonest and most intimately associatedmineral. This analysis is number 28 in the list given below. Mr. Lix after studying a group of analyses placed his new one among those of the siegenites.He concluded that the cobalt, nickel, iron, and copper determined in his analysis were isomorphous, a conclusion in accord with that made by some others who have studied the group. This study has been made by the writer in an effort to determine whether these four elements are actually isomorphous, and whether dividing lines actually exist between the minerals within the group. Each mineral of the group is fairly well representedby analyses, which, however, as would be expected, vary in their completeness and accuracy. After eliminating those of manifestly little value, there remained 37 analyses (one of them a recalculated analysis). These are tabulated in the order of their decreasing cobalt con- tent, and under their common mineral namesin the following table: LrNNnBrrB (Haidinger, 1845) R:Sr Locality ratio 1 Miisen 12.25 53 35 2.30 0.97 RaSl os 2 Carroll Co , NId. +t tu 48.70 4.75 2.36 2.40 RrS: ee 3 Sykesville, Md. 43 56 48 63 Trace 3.55 443 RrSo,z 4 Bastnds 41.83 44.92 0.19 4t9 8.22 RrSl oa Gladhammar 4t 43 40.71 / .tJ 1.30 8.79 RsSl rg 6 Miisen 42 76 39.3s 14 09 106 t.6l RrSnrt 7 Gladhammar 42 t9 39.33 t2.33 4.29 2.28 RrSs go 'Ihesis, 5 Lix, Henry W., The Composition and Occurrence of Siegenite. M.A. Unir. oJ Mo.,1932. JOURNAL MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 7I Num- RrSr Localitl' ber ratio 8 Carroil Co., Md. 41 34 42.+2 Trace 0.28 rJ .4.1 RrSr o CarroII Co., Md. 41 7l 38.70 170 0 -46 17 55 RrSl os 10 Carroll Co., Md. 40 -94 38 21 154 155 r7 79 RrSr gz 11 Carroll Co., Md. 40.99 37.65 t ..)+ 1.40 19 18 RsSssz 12 Kantanga 39.40 37 50 Trace 19.60 R:S: co IJ Gladhammar 39.89 37 29 0.78 254 19.33 RrS, to 14 Carroll Co., Md. 4l 93 s7 25 154 t26 tt.+6 RrSnrt l.) Carroll Co., Md. 41.89 36.08 765 225 9.98 RrSqre t6 Gladhammar 39.47 35.30 r. /o 233 20 42 RrSr.z, r7 Gladhammar 40.74 35 15 70r 218 13 90 RrSr ro SvcrrNooyumn (Laspey res,1891 18 SiegenI. 40.64 35.79 3.66 0.93 18.98 R:S: ar 19 SiegenI. 40.33 .J5.04 57+ 0.82 t7.23 R:Ss u 20 SiegenI. 39.28 26.80 5.70 3.86 23.+6 RsSs zz StnceNrrn (Dana,18so) 2l Miisen 42.63 26.08 31.18 0.62 RsSl oa 22 MineralHill, Md. 39.70 25.69 29.56 r96 2.23 R:S:.zo 23 Miisen 40.40 23 39 27.78 298 RrSo on 24 Miisen 41.98 22.O9 33.64 229 RrS* rs 25 Mine La Motte, Mo. 42 t3 21 67 31.00 3.42 RtS, t, 26 Mine La Motte, Mo. 4t.54 2r.34 30.53 .J..J/ Trace RsSl.rz 27 Miisen +0.61 20M 38 16 057 RsSazz 28 Mine La Motte, Mo. 42.43 20.36 31.24 3.22 3.16 R3Sl os 29 Hilgenroth J/ OO 16.47 26.55 9.02 0.57 RrS: sz 30 Miisen 42 30 11.00 42.61 4.69 RsSn Vrorenrru (Lindgren, 1924) JI Julian,Calif. 42.17| 2.soI 33.e4| 19.33 .)z Sudbury,Ont. 41.68| 1.0sI 38.68I t7 .or JJ Sudbury,Ont. 41.3s n' tr r5 47 I I ] Por.ynvurrr (Laspeyres, 1876) rll 34 ,+.76 RsSe.gr J.) 412 RsSr.o: 36 384 RsSt.r, 3.98 RaSa.ar 72 THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST RtR eneNcrs lon AN,qlvsrs 1.wernekinck, LeonH, ;;,H :T ;i#;:l* 2. Shannon, EarI V., Am. Jour. Sc., vol. ll (1926), pp. 489-493. 3. Shannon, EarI V., Am. Jour. Sc., vol. ll (1926), pp. 489-493. 4. Cleve,P.T.,Geol. Fiil. Fijrh., vol I (1872),p. 125. 5. Johannson, K., Arkit. Kemi, M in. Geotr.; vol. 9 (1924), No. 8, 22 pp. 6 RammelsberC,C F., f our. prakt. Chem.,vol.86 (1862),p.343. 7 Cleve, P. T., Geol Fiir. Fdrh., vol l (1872), p. 125. 8 Shannon,EarlV.,Am.Jow. Sc.,vol ll (1926),pp.489-493. 9 Smith, L., and Brush, G.1., Am. Iour. Sc.,vol. 16 (1853),p. 367. 10. Smith, L., and Brush, G. J , Am. Jour. Sc.,vol. 16 (1853), p. 367. 11. Smith, L., and Brush, G. !., Am f our. Sc.,vol t6 (1853),p. 367. 12. de Jong, W. F., and Hoog, A., Zeits. Kryst,., vol.66 (1927), p. 168. 13. Johannson, K., same as No. 5. 14. Smith, L., and Brush, G. J., same as No. 9. 15. Shannon, Earl V., same as No 2. 16. Johannson, K., same as No. 5. 17. Johannson, K., same as No. 5. 18. Laspeyres, H., Zei,ts.Kryst., vol. l9 (1891), p. 19. 19. Laspeyres,H., Zeits. Kryst., vol. 19 (1891), p. 19. 20. Stahl, W., Zeits. Kryst.,vol.35 (1901), p. 289. 21. Eichler,A.,Henglein,M.,andMeigen,W.,CentralblattMin.(1922),p.225. 22. Genth,F. A., Am. Jou.r.Sc., vol.23 (1857),p. 419. 23. Eichler, A. etc.. same as No. 21 24. Rammelsberg, C. F., Mineralchemi,c,vol.4, supplement (184a), p. 118. 25. Genth, F. A., Am. Jour. Sc., vol.23 (1857), p.419. (Recalculated from 26 leaving out Pb and insol.) 26. Genth, F. A., Am. Jow. Sc.,vol.23 (1857),p. 419. 27. Hage, Th., Mineral. Siegen (1887), p. 29. 28. Lix, Henry W., Thesis., Univ. Mo.,1932. 29. Wolf, G , Beschr.Bergrea. Hamm (1885),p.34. .30. Rammelsberg, C. F., same as No. 24. 31. Short, M. N., and Shannon, Earl V., Am. Mineral., vol. 15 (1930), pp. l-22. For name see Lindgren, W., Econ. Geol.,vol. 19 (1924), p. 318. 32. Short, M. N., and Shannon, Earl V , Am. Mineral, vol. f 5 (1930). 33. Clarke, F. W., and Catlett, Charles,Am. Jour. Sc., vol.39 (1889), p. 373. 34. Laspeyres, H., Jour. Proh. Chem., vol. la (1876), p. 397. 35. Laspeyres, H., Jour. Prah. Chem.,vol. t4 (1876), p. 397. 36. Laspeyres, H., Jour. Prah. Chem.,vol. fa (1876), p. 397. 37. Laspeyres, H., Jour. Prak. Chem, vol. 14 (1876), p. 397. Most of the above analyses are more readily accessible in one of the following: Doelter, C., Handbuch der Mineral chemie, voI.4, pt. | (1926), pp. 645-657,702 (violarite).
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