Matted Flax-Lily: Aurora, Epping (Year 8: 2016/2017)

Annual monitoring of Matted Flax-lily: Aurora, Epping (Year 8: 2016/2017)

Final Report

Prepared for Development Victoria

23 August 2017

www.biosis.com.au

Biosis offices Document information

NEW SOUTH WALES Report to: Development Victoria

Newcastle Prepared by: Rohan Simkin Phone: (02) 4911 4040 Tim Dredge Email: [email protected] Briony Mitchell

Sydney Biosis project no.: 23922 Phone: (02) 9101 8700 Email: [email protected] File name: 23922.MFL.Monitoring.Yr8.FIN01.20170823 Citation: Biosis 2017. Annual monitoring of Matted Flax-lily: Aurora, Epping Wollongong (Year 8: 2016/2017). Report to Development Victoria. Author: Simkin, R., Phone: (02) 4201 1090 Email: [email protected] Dredge, T. & Mitchell, B. Biosis Pty Ltd, Melbourne. Project no. 23922.

Document control VICTORIA

Ballarat Phone: (03) 5304 4250 Version Internal reviewer Date issued Email: [email protected] Draft version 01 KS 13/0702017

Melbourne (Head Office) Final version 01 KMC 23/08/2017 Phone: (03) 8686 4800 Fax: (03) 9646 9242 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements Wangaratta Phone: (03) 5718 6900 Email: [email protected] Biosis acknowledges the contribution of the following people and organisations in undertaking this study:

• Development Victoria: Jessamy Smooker.

Biosis staff involved in this project were:

• Jordan Whitmore for assistance in the field.

• Sally Mitchell for mapping.

 Biosis Pty Ltd This document is and shall remain the property of Biosis Pty Ltd. The document may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of the Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Disclaimer:

Biosis Pty Ltd has completed this assessment in accordance with the relevant federal, state and local legislation and current industry best practice. The company accepts no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the report content or for any purpose other than that for which it was intended.

Contents

Background ...... 3

1.1 Approval under the EPBC Act ...... 3 1.2 Annual monitoring ...... 3 1.3 Timing of surveys ...... 6 1.4 Additional plants ...... 6 1.5 Matted Flax-lily outside the EPBC Act approval area ...... 7

2. Methods ...... 8

2.1 Marking of Matted Flax-lily...... 8 2.2 Monitoring data ...... 8 2.3 Year 8 monitoring dates ...... 8

3. Results ...... 9

3.1 Annual numbers of Matted Flax-lily ...... 9 3.2 Plant health ...... 12 3.3 Seasonal conditions of 2016 ...... 12

4. Proposed actions in accordance with Condition 2(e) ...... 14

5. Conclusion ...... 15

Tables

Table 1 Annual monitoring reports ...... 4 Table 2 Annual Matted Flax-lily monitoring surveys at Aurora Reserves 11 and 14 ...... 6 Table 3 Numbers of Matted Flax-lily (MFL) observed yearly by reserve ...... 10 Table 4 Percentages of Matted Flax-lily health, inflorescences and leaf tufts ...... 12

Figures

Figure 1 Location of Aurora development, Epping North, Victoria ...... 5 Figure 2 Distribution of Matted Flax-Lily within conservations reserves managed by Development Victoria ...... 11 Figure 3 2016 rainfall vs mean rainfall records from Viewbank, Victoria ...... 13 Figure 4 2016 maximum temperature records Viewbank, Victoria ...... 13

Background

Biosis Pty Ltd was commissioned by Development Victoria to undertake the year 8 (2016/2017) annual monitoring of the Matted Flax-lily Dianella amoena population within Reserves 11 and 14 at the Aurora residential development, Epping, Victoria (Figure 1).

1.1 Approval under the EPBC Act

The Aurora Residential Subdivision (development area ADP2, refer to Figure 2) received approval from the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (now Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE)) on 16 March 2008, subject to several conditions. Conditions relating to Matted Flax-lily include 1, 2c and 2e, outlined below:

1. The person taking the action must undertake all works in accordance with the Aurora Conservation Management Plan – January 2008 (Biosis Research 2008).

2. To protect the threatened species listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), in particular the Matted Flax-lily Dianella amoena and Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana, the person taking the action must monitor and manage the reserves identified in Figures 1a and 1b in accordance with the Aurora Conservation Management Plan – January 2008. In particular the following actions must be taken: c. Monitoring of the Matted Flax-lily is to be undertaken between 1 October and 1 March every 12 months commencing 2008 and continuing for a period of 10 years after establishment of reserves. e. If monitoring indicates declining health, the cause of the decline must be investigated. Corrective actions must be developed and implemented. In this event the Department must be provided, within two months of the monitoring results being known, with a report stating the corrective action(s) implemented.

1.2 Annual monitoring

Biosis has been monitoring the Matted Flax-lily population at Aurora Reserves 11 and 14 annually since 2008 (pre-reserve establishment), with annual monitoring in compliance with the Aurora CMP beginning during the 2009/2010 season. Annual reports submitted to the relevant Departments are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Annual monitoring reports

Year Report

Year 0: 2008/2009 Letters to DEWHA, 5 May and 26 June 2009

Year 1: 2009/2010 Report to DEWHA, 19 July 2010

Year 2: 2010/2011 Report to DSEWPaC, 4 May 2011

Year 3: 2011/2012 Report to DSEWPaC, 8 June 2012

Year 4: 2012/2013 Report to DSEWPaC, 4 April 2013

Year 5: 2013/2014 Report to DoE, 11 April 2014

Year 6: 2014/2015 Report to DoE, 1 March 2015

Year 7: 2015/2016 Report to DoE, 25 August 2016

Year 8: 2016/2017 Current report – to be submitted to DoEE upon finalisation

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1.3 Timing of surveys

A total of 30 Matted Flax-lily were included in the EPBC Act referral submission and these plants were recorded over a number of years prior to March 2008. Since then, Biosis have completed eight years of annual Matted Flax-lily population monitoring.

Table 2 Annual Matted Flax-lily monitoring surveys at Aurora Reserves 11 and 14

Year Surveys

Original records – plants included in the EPBC approval in March 2008, from surveys between Pre 2008 2001–2008 (i.e. the 30 original records).

Year 0: 2008/2009 Monitoring in December 2008 and June 2009, prior to the implementation of the CMP.

CMP implemented. Monitoring in November 2009 and January 2010 (when plants were staked) Year 1: 2009/2010 and May/June 2010.

Monitoring in December 2010 and January 2011 (when new plants were located with a DGPS Year 2: 2010/2011 and staked).

Year 3: 2011/2012 Monitoring in January/February 2012.

Year 4: 2012/2013 Monitoring in December 2012 and January 2013.

Year 5: 2013/2014 Monitoring in December 2013.

Year 6: 2014/2015 Monitoring in December 2014 and January/February 2015.

Year 7: 2015/2016 Monitoring in December 2015.

Year 8: 2016/2017 Monitoring in December 2016 and January 2017.

In years 0 and 1 surveys were undertaken in late summer (as per the EPBC Act approval conditions), when the plants were due to flower and therefore generally easier to locate. However, due to poor conditions (drought and grazing) during 2008–2010 most Matted Flax-lily had not flowered and were generally difficult to locate during this late summer period. As a result, for both years 0 and 1, Biosis undertook follow-up surveys in autumn/winter, following substantial rains and subsequent growth of the plants. Consequently, during the autumn/winter surveys, the plants were easier to locate.

Surveys from years 2 to 8 have been undertaken in late spring/summer only. Plants were observed to be flowering and fruiting in each of these years and were mostly easily located. In addition, all of the plants have now been individually marked in the field with star pickets and labels, making them easier to locate.

1.4 Additional plants

An additional six Matted Flax-lily plants were recorded outside of fenced reserves, between Reserves 9 and 10 prior to 2014. These were salvaged in January 2014 and are currently being housed in the GAGIN nursery. There are no plans to translocate Matted Flax-lily into any Development Victoria reserves into the future.

1.5 Matted Flax-lily outside the EPBC Act approval area

Matted Flax-lily that occur within Aurora Conservation Reserve 14, which is on the western side of the Hume Freeway and outside the EPBC Act approval area ADP2, are also being monitored as part of the annual monitoring program.

Currently, there are 14 Matted Flax-lily being monitored within reserve 14, including one new plant noted during the 2013/2014 monitoring survey.

2. Methods

2.1 Marking of Matted Flax-lily

At commencement of the 10 year monitoring program, the locations of Matted Flax-lily were initially recorded using a hand-held GPS unit (+/- 7 m accuracy). This aided in relocation of plants, but still led to difficulties where plants were small and difficult to see and/or the surrounding biomass was high.

Biosis have since recorded plants with a DGPS, which has a greater accuracy (+/- 4 m) than a standard GPS enabling improved mapping accuracy of Matted Flax-lily locations.

All Matted Flax-lily being monitored have also been marked with a star picket positioned adjacent to each plant with a numbered tag attached to each star picket. This has made relocation of plants much easier and also ensures contractors undertaking vegetation management works within conservation reserves are aware of the location of all Matted Flax-lily plants.

2.2 Monitoring data

During year 8 (2016/2017) of monitoring, plants were located using current mapping (Figure 2 - above) and with the aid of star pickets next to each plant.

The following information was recorded for each plant:

• Plant health (good, moderate, poor)

• Number of inflorescences (<5, 5-10, 10+)

• Approximate number of leaf tufts (<5, 5-10, 10+)

• Approximate spread of the plant (width at the widest point in centimetres)

• Management/other notes (e.g. relating to presence of fruit, if weeding is required, evidence of herbivory).

2.3 Year 8 monitoring dates

Monitoring in year 8 was undertaken on 23 December 2016 and 12 January 2017.

3. Results

The total number of Matted Flax-lily recorded in Reserves 11 and 14 is provided in Table 3. Figure 2 indicates the location of monitored Matted Flax-lily in year 8. Plant health data is provided in Table 4.

3.1 Annual numbers of Matted Flax-lily

Since year 0 (2008/2009) surveys, the number of Matted Flax-lily that have been discovered and added to the annual monitoring program has increased. Table 3 provides the located and monitored numbers of Matted Flax-lily by survey year. In year 0, data was collected on five Matted Flax-lily within reserves 11 and 14, whereas in year 5 data was collected on 18 Matted Flax-lily plants. It is possible some of the additional plants are due to recruitment within the population, but the increase is also likely to be a result of the high level of survey effort over time enabling these plants to be found. Despite small annual fluctuations in individual numbers of Matted Flax-lily, and low levels of mortality, the Aurora population is considered to be stable and thus it appears that current management of the population is appropriate. Four Matted Flax-lily (072, 163, 187 and 188) were searched for but not found during year 8 monitoring. Matted Flax-lily 099, which could not be located in year 7, was rediscovered in year 8 and was in moderate health, with 5-10 leaf tufts. Searches around star pickets and rocks where the other four plants were located did not reveal any dead leaf tufts. Whether lack of detection of these plants is due to death is difficult to conclude after a single year of monitoring. Failure to detect a plant may be due to natural fluctuations of foliar growth, seasonal differences and locational error. These ‘missing’ plants will be searched for again in year 9 and 10, along with all other recorded Matted Flax-lily.

Table 3 Numbers of Matted Flax-lily (MFL) observed yearly by reserve

Reserve number Baseline Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 (Pre-2008) 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016 2016/2017 (Pre-CMP)

11 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3

14 - 3 6 13 13 12 14 14 10 11

AURORA MFL TOTAL 2 5 10 17 17 16 18 18 13 14

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Legend

Matted Flax-lily records (! Recorded in Year 8 D Presumed dead

EPBC 2007/3524 Approval Area Places Victoria land within the Newmarket Lane Legacy Rd Scanlon Dr Aurora Development Plan Part 2 (ADP2)

Gateway Bvd Jersey Dr Conservation Reserve

Kirriley Dr Open space

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Figure 2 The distribution of Matted Flax-lily (MFL) within conservation reserves managed by Development Victoria

Acknowledgements: Vicmap ©State of Victoria, NearMap Imagery Oct 2016 Biosis Pty Ltd 0 100 200 300 400 500 Ballarat, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Sydney, Wangaratta & Wollongong Metres Matter: 23922, ± Date: 07 March 2017, Scale 1:12,000 @ A3 Checked by: TD, Drawn by: SKM, Last edited by: smitchell Location:P:\23900s\23922\Mapping\23922_F2_MFL_Annual_Monitoring Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 55

3.2 Plant health

A comparison of data collected from years 3 to 8 is provided in Table 4. Please note, health calculations to year 6 are inclusive of all Matted Flax-lily from Aurora landholdings. Health data collected from year 7 onwards includes only Matted Flax-lily from reserves managed by Development Victoria.

A fire burnt all of Reserve 14 in December 2015, including the rocky knolls where Matted Flax-lily are located. When this last occurred in the summer of 2012/2013 the following monitoring season recorded the highest number of Matted Flax-lily producing inflorescences on record. It is possible the fire has been a factor in the increase in inflorescences in year 8.

The overall health of the Matted Flax-lily population recorded in year 8 was relatively good with 64 per cent of plants recorded in good health, compared to 54 per cent in year 7. It is likely that below average rainfall and higher maximum daily temperatures during spring and summer of year 7 contributed to the results (Table 3).

Table 4 Percentages of Matted Flax-lily health, inflorescences and leaf tufts

Aurora development area (All plants) Development Victoria reserves (plants in reserves 11 & 14). Year 3: Year 4: Year 5: Year 6: Year 7: Year 8:

Health

Poor 10% 9% 0% 1% 8% 0%

Moderate 76% 20% 1% 8% 38% 36%

Good 14% 71% 99% 91% 54% 64%

# Inflorescences

<5 51% 66% 40% 83% 53% 43%

5-10 21% 14% 13% 8% 23% 14%

10+ 28% 20% 47% 9% 23% 43%

# Leaf Tufts

<5 5% 13% 5% 11% 15% 14%

5-10 21% 13% 8% 17% 0% 7%

10+ 74% 74% 87% 72% 85% 79%

3.3 Seasonal conditions of 2016

Weather data from Epping (the closest meteorological recording stations to Aurora) show on average 2016 was similar to the mean for temperature but with above average rainfall for most of the year. Most of the months with significantly higher rainfall were in the latter half of 2016, which is a critical time for MFL reproduction (Figures 3 & 4). By contrast, in 2015, October had 8.8 millimetres of rain recorded, which is well below the average of 66.3 millimetres. It was also the warmest month on record and recorded the hottest October day on record. The combination of a moderate temperature and high rainfall during spring and summer is likely to have resulted in the good condition of Matted Flax-lily plants observed.

Mean rainfall per month (Historical vs 2016) 120

100

40 Rainfall (mm) 20

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Axis Title

Mean Rainfall (historical) Mean Rainfall (2016)

Figure 3 2016 rainfall vs mean rainfall records from Viewbank, Victoria

Figure 4 2016 maximum temperature records Viewbank, Victoria

4. Proposed actions in accordance with Condition 2(e)

At the end of year 8 the health of the natural populations of Matted Flax-lily at Aurora is stable and generally classified as good. Fluctuations in health are within the ranges of natural variability and do not represent a decline. No remedial action is required.

5. Conclusion

There was no significant change in the health of the population between year 7 and year 8.

Although five Matted Flax-lily disappeared between years 6 and 7, one was rediscovered in year 8 showing this was not necessarily a sustained drop in numbers. Matted Flax-lily are known to undergo natural cycles of dieback and it is possible that some of these plants will recover. All plants not located will continue to be searched for during each subsequent annual monitoring event.

If weather forecasting for the second half of 2017 predicts a hot, dry summer outside the normal climatic limits, year 9 monitoring will need to be conducted earlier in the season to capture Matted Flax-lily at peak flowering time. This will ensure that all Matted Flax-lily should be successfully relocated as they are easier to detect when flowering.

The population of Matted Flax-lily at Aurora is considered stable and it appears that current management of the population is appropriate. Changes in overall population health observed in year 8 are within expected natural variability.

References

Biosis 2015. Annual monitoring of Matted Flax-lily: Aurora, Epping (Year 7: 2014-2015). Report to Development Victoria. Author: Salmon, K & Kay, K. Biosis Pty Ltd, Melbourne. Project no. 18727.

Biosis Research 2008. Aurora Conservation Management Plan. Report to VicUrban. Authors: Costello, C., Smales, I. & Koehler, S. Biosis Research Pty Ltd. Project no. 13211. January 2008.

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) 2008. EPBC Act Approval: Aurora Residential Subdivision, Epping North, VIC (EPBC 2007/3524), 16 March 2008.