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Punjab University Journal of Zoology 35(2): 207-216 (2020) https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.2.207.216

Research Article Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1, Qudratullah Kalwar2 1Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 2Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan 3Department of Botany, University of Peshawar

Article History Received: July 08, 2020 Abstract | Ethno veterinary medicine is a program focused on traditional values, expertise Revised: August 10, 2020 and skills; the methodologies and methods used to treat diseases, maintaining animal health Accepted: August 24, 2020 and its importance to ethnobotany and Pharmacogonosy.The objective of the present study Published: December 18, 2020 is to identify the leading medicinal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and Authors’ Contributions R4) this study labels the ethno veterinary practices in different villages of District Shangla, TR collected data and wrote original draft. TY analyzed data where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in and revised manuscript. AMS 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes revised manuscript. S helped in have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families data collection. GJ analyzed data. were gymnosperms. This comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study GN and QK revised manuscript. postulated on the certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous knowledge. (R1andR2) All the plant species have Keywords high medicinal values and used as an ethno veterinary by the local inhabitants. Like However, Shangla, Ethno-veterinary, family Lamiaceae showed remarkable medicinal benefits. The administrative route is virtually Medicinal plants, Herbal indigenous knowledge, Pet oral, while some fifty species are used externally for skin infections. This study concluded that animals, Diseases, remedies, Root Shangla District is a rich source of herbal awareness and medicinal plants. In local interviews, of administration. (R1, R2, R3 important medicinal knowledge and medicinal plants, most of whom use herbal medicines and R4) in livestock and pet animals, were recorded. Like Aloe vera L use for the healing of wounds, Arisaema jacquemontii blume used as antidote, Artimizia annua used as anathematize also in gastric problems, Avena sativa L. used as a laxative and antiseptic (R1).

Novelty Statement | This is the first study which contributes an ethno veterinary inventory of medicinal plants of Khadand Valley Shangla.

To cite this article: Rahman, T., Yaseen, T., Shah, A.M., Samiullah, Jelani, G., Nawaz, G., Kalwar, Q., 2020. Ethnoveterinary and studies of Khadang valley Chakesar District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Punjab Univ. J. Zool., 35(2): 207-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.2.207.216

Introduction on the traditional beliefs, knowledge, folks and practices used for the treatment of various animals’ disease and for ifferent plants species are used to treat the various the healthy life of animals. The study postulated on the diseases in animals, these treatments are ethno- certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though Dveterinary medicine (EVM) method, which is based former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous knowledge. (R1) EVM is widely recognized by Corresponding Author: Tabassum Yaseen the farmers and veterinarian and no of years used in red [email protected] Deer (Cervuselaphus) for the treatment of gastrointestinal December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 207 T. Rahman et al. parasite and reduced the Ostertagia-type parasite (Hughes, remarkable biodiversity and various types of climate zones. 2018). Medicinal plants were used traditionally in maxico, In Pakistan there were approximately 6000 plant species, Indiana, nahua and maya for the treatment of gastric 600-700 species with therapeutic interest. problems and skin problems in the cattle’s Michel et al. (1998) (R1, R2) This kind of traditional knowledge, which Medicinal plants which are used in the indigenous is passed by mouth, drawings, poems, stories, legends, system known as Shinwari (2010). Furthermore, previous paintings, visions, dreams, traditional songs and through finding elucidated that the oral administration of Phyllanthu ceremonies, is unfortunately disappearing gradually amarus extracts were excitingly effective against induced from traditional knowledge systems today due to fast pancreatic cancer in rats, and it also produced a significant socioeconomic, environmental, technological changes change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and the loss of culture Patricia (2011). Some people pancreatic amylase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate used medicinal plants against viral infection of animals aminotransferase Ankit et al. (2015). Nevertheless, very Euphorbia unispina, Euphorbia poissonii, Lannea acida, little information existing regarding ethno-veterinary and Mangifera indica in Kpodékon et al. (2015). Brassica medicine, hence the aim of the study is to evaluate ethno campestris Linn is used in the treatment of stool problems veterinary information of district Shangla and to estimate in goats. Salvia species used to treat the mammary glands the medicinal plants which are mostly used as a ethno and milk production on buffalo’s Khalid et al. (2015). veterinary medicine by the local people of the present area. Canna indica Linn is used as dysentery antinarcotic and Therefor this study is carried out to explore, identify and also used for the sexual stimulation in animals Patel document the herbal, aesthetic values of medicinal plants and Deshmukh (2015). A number of plant extracts and document the threatened indigenous knowledge from Neem oils azidaric decoction are used as antifungal and the old people of the study area the study also highlight antimicrobial cure in cattle’s Somvanshi et al. (2016). (R1) the sustainable utilization and conservation of high valued Ethno-veterinary medicine and posology are gaining medicinal plants in future. (R1, R2, R4). attractiveness because it is affordable by developing countries. Besides questionable quality of allopathic drugs, development of chemo resistance in companion and Materials and Methods livestock animals due to unsystematic use of antibiotics and anthelmintic e.g. tetracycline, ivermectin, ampicillin Study area and their use unpromising. Such as after usage of antibiotic Present research was conducted in Shangla district, and hormone their residues came out in the milk and which is located in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (North) also they produced negative affect on the reproductive province, Pakistan. The Shangla valley situated between 34° potential of animals these are sufficient weaknesses which 40_ to 35° N latitude and 72_ to 74° 6_ E longitude with divert the attention from modern veterinary medicine to an altitude of 3000 Kilometers from the sea level Adnan ethno-veterinary medicine Iqbal et al. (2005). The widely et al. (2010). Shangla district consist of 5 subdivisions with treated various type of animals through herbal methods total area of 1.586 square kilometer. The subdivisions are of experienced farmers and Hakeem’s through traditional Puran, Makhozay, Alpuri, Chakesar, and Besham tehsils. ailments describe about 24 ailments used in 7 categories In the north and east Shangla district are bounded with of animals and found the people of Uttara khand India Kohistan, Battagram and Torghar Districts respectively. to relay on traditional herbal medicines for about 80% While Shangla district bounded in West and South with Phondani et al. (2010) (R1, R4). Swat and Buner Districts respectively. In Census 2017, Population in Shangla district was noticed 757,810 having This information is supposed to be communally and 480 persons/ square kilometer. However, in census 1998, collectively owned by two ancestors and kept under the the population in Shangla district was 435,563 recorded custody of living older women and men who are aware with 3.3% an average annual growth rate with a density of the animals and their behaviors, diseases, ethnicity, of 274 persons /square kilometer. The total number of sex, age, caste, and healing procedures depending on the household is 64,391 with an average household size of community, etc. There is a threat; yet, this process of vesting 8.1. In Shangla district most of the peoples are Muslims knowledge in human custodians can be undermined by (99.8%) and a minor number of Hindus, Christians, mortality, thereby losing valuable information to future and Ahmadis. The native language in Shangla district is generations Patricia (2011). Pashto, about 95.4% populations use the Pashto language. A Reconnaissance survey of the study area has been Indigenous plants are mainly used in the traditional carried out from May to September 2017 (R1) in 5 tehsils treatment of various human and animal diseases. Pakistan among which Tehsil Alpuri, Chakesar, Puran, makhozay has an area of around 80943 square kilometers, and lies and Besham with an Altitudinal ranges from 800 feet foot between 60 55’ to 75 30’ E and 23 45’ to 36 50’ N. In hills up to high altitudinal 11000 feet mountains. District Pakistan, altitudes range from 0 to 8611 m and thus have a Shangla is a rich source of medicinal plants and has no December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 208 Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar previous information regarding ethno-veterinary there for University Charsadda (BKUC) where Voucher number the current study was needed to document the base line was given to each species according to the catalog for information and highlight the need of conservation of preservation and future study as mentioned in the Table these high valued medicinal plants R1). 1 (R1, R2, R4).

Interviews Results and Discussion Field work was carried out in all remote valleys and sub division of the District Shangla where interviews Diversity and use of ethno veterinary medicinal plants were conducted in such a manner that elder farmers and The local communities of District Shangla are using healers were searched out to get base line information about the local wild plant species for the treatment of different animal diseases and their local treatment the collected data diseases in pet animals this practice was transferring from was documented through semi Structure questioners (R1) generation to generation but now slowly and gradually this The local Hakeem’s elaborate the values of the indigenous indigenous knowledge is getting passed away from us and flora and its ethno-veterinary uses. Among which about 98 these high valued medicinal plants species are also become different diseases were identified, where brief Information threatened due to improper conservation strategies. The of plant uses like used parts, administration route, method current research work was designed to document the of preparation, the form uses, rank and occurrence of scattered ethno-veterinary knowledge of District Shangla manifestation of species. Local inhabitants were interviewed, which consist about Sixty eight (68) plant species belong which include people of different age from 25 to 95 and to fifty families which detail Scientific name, Family, gender, both male and female (R4) but mostly the men habit, life form, habitat, altitudinal range, distribution in was interviewed as compare to women due to traditional study area and used for the ailments in animals has been constraints. It was quite interesting that man has a great given in the table below. Lamiaceae showed the highest hold on ethno-veterinary knowledge; however, the question values fallowed by Asteraceae the highlighted diseases session was conducted in the local language Pashtu. are dermatological problems, wounds and gastrointestinal diseases. The habitat and existence of recognized species Plant collection and identification shown in Figures 2 and 3 shows the habitat of the ethno During field study all those plants were collected veterinary plants, the area wise Distribution of ethno- which has medicinal values and ethno-veterinary uses. veterinary plants in the study Area shown in Figure 5. The reported plants were comprises on herbs, shrubs and The elevation from the sea level while there is a boundless trees. In case of herbs the whole plants were collected difference in the study area elevation because of its dynamic where in case of shrubs and trees different plant part location start from the planes fallowed by slopes grassland like leaf, fruits, roots and bark were collected as per local and high altitudinal mountains Figure 4. The family wise instruction and parts uses which may further be analyze distribution of the ethno veterinary plant species as shown for phytochemical screening Phondani et al. (2010). Plants in Figure 1. Lamiaceae shows the high number of the plant were identified with local flora and basic key of taxonomy species where Astreaceae is ranked second in position in the herbarium of the Department of Botany University Figure 1. (R4) About 98 different types of diseases were of Peshawar with voucher specimens and experts opinion. identified and the numbers of plant species were also For ethical/university approval the plants was submitted to described in Table 1 some diseases are very chronic and the herbarium of the Department of Botany Bacha khan highly dangerous and fatal causing.

Figure 1: Family wise distribution of ethno-veterinary plants percentage the whole plants are distributed in about 43 families among which Moraceae, Astreacea and Lamiaceae are dominant. December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 209 T. Rahman et al.

Figure 2: Habitat distribution of the of ethno-veterinary Figure 3: The geographical distribution of ethno- plants in the study area. veterinary plants in the study area.

Figure 4: Altitudinal distribution of ethno-veterinary plants in the study area.

Figure 5: Area wise distribution of ethno-veterinary plants in the study area.

Ethno veterinary knowledge sheep had diverse knowledge regarding their diseases and In the study area, most of the men were familiar local treatment as such but however the elders people of with ethno veterinary knowledge and herbal practices the community is rich with endogenous knowledge. The few aged women had a deep knowledge and uses of the plants are divided into different categories on the basses plants but due to the less interest of the local people and of curing diseases in cattle’s, the study consist of about 68 flow of English medicine inducement the indigenous medicinally important plant species comprises 39 herb, knowledge become threatened and restricted to some hot 14 shrubs and 16 tress respectively shown in Table 1. The spots. the knowledge was divided among the communities plants of our study about used for 98 different diseases like the people who domesticated buffalo’s and cows like anti-asthmatic, anticancer, purgatives, antidiuretic, as a pet animals they knows about the relevant diseases antispasmodic, skin diseases more ever the detail shown in and their treatment with local herbal medicines through Table 1. (R3) This type of relevant studies has also carried their own knowledge, and the people who had goats and out at swat valley Subtain et al. (2017) and different aspect. December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 210 Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar Table 1: Details of some Ethnoveternary and posological plants of Khadang valley Chakesar District Shangla. District Table Chakesar plants of Khadang valley and posological 1: Details of some Ethnoveternary 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 No S. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk Cousinia hermonis Cotinus coggygria bonariensis Conyza ChenopodiumL ambrosioides procera Calotropis (Ait.) L Capsicum frutescens Cannabis sativa Linn. Linn. Canna indica Benth Buddleja crispa Linn Brassica campestris Avena sativa L. Ling & ex DC.) Y. R. Ling (Wall. brevifolium OR Seriphidium annua L Artimizia blume jacquemontii Arisaema Aloe vera L plantagoAlisma L aquatica bracteosa Ajuga Wall. L. capillus-veneris Adiantum Botanical name Botanical Boraginaceae Asteraceae Anacardiaceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Apocynaceae Solanaceae Cannabaceae Cannaceae Scrophulariaceae Brassicacae Poaceae Asteraceae Araceae Asphodelaceae Alismataceae Lamiaceae Pteridaceae Family Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Sub- Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Habit Chamaephyte Phanerophyte Therophyte Chamaephyte Phanerophyte Phanerophyte Clyptophyte Therophyte Chamaephye Hydrophyte Therophyte Geophyte form Life Fields High altitude Fields Fields Foot hills Fields Valleys hills land & Grass Moist valley area Moist shady area Moist shady areas Moist shady Habitat Valley Fields Fields Fields Vally & Slopes Field 500-7500 feet 990-4800 feet 10-3900 feet feet 1800-11000 0-2100 feet 1000- 5800 feet feet 1500-10000 3000-6000 feet feet 6900-10200 300-600 feet 3900-7200 feet 1500-7000 feet range Altitudinal 0-600 feet 0-600 feet 1-300 feet 4500-7500 feet 3900-6000 feet 1000-4500 feet 1-3900 feet geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, ,barkaly kozkaly, ashory, cham, mamanra Chakesar, kaly, danakol, Khadang, kotany, syda, geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, abad,Sabir kabalgram, maser,kox maser Khadang chakesar, poran, shwawo, lelawny, shapor sundia Sar, bagary, jinako madan ashory, sikny, gulibut, sayedano dheri, Chakesar, khadang, shwawo, katkor, , gumrash Bakhtbanda, khadang, badunay, khan, rach achar Gunangar, shwawo, katkor, maira, batkot, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony, khan, rach dandy, cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, area in Study Distribution maser, gunangar, sinkary Kabalgram, besham, manory, dadam, sarkol, jatkol, karora Senkary, martong, titwalan, beshaam , khan abad, Jawaz, kandaw, peran, gargo, akor, maidan, geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, Khadang, kotany, ashory, sikny , kwangat, kangala Chakesar, poran, makhozy, besham, martong HBKU528 HBKU526 HBKU525 HBKU524 HBKU523 HBKU522 HBKU521 HBKU517 HBKU515 HBKU513 HBKU512 HBKU511 number Voucher HBKU527 HBKU520 HBKU519 HBKU518 HBKU516 HBKU514

December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 211 T. Rahman et al. 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 No S. Olea ferruginea Royle. Olea ferruginea nigra L . Morus alba L. speen toot Morus L. Mentha arvensis Linn Malva parviflora philippensis Mallotus (Lam.) Lepidium sativum Linn Justicia adhatoda L . Isodon (Wall. rugosus ex Benth.) Indigofera heterantha wall. Hedera nepalensis K Heteropogon contortus Linn optiva J.R.Drumm. Grewia Geranium wallichianum D. Ficus palmata Forssk Smith F icus sarmentosa Bush: Ham. ex J.E. Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke Dodonaea viscosa (Linn.) Daphne mucronata royal Botanical name Botanical Oleaceae. Morceae Morceae Lamiaceae Malvaceae Euphorbiaceae Brassicaceae Acanthaceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae. Araliaceae. Poaceae Sparrmanniaceae or Tiliaceae Geraniaceae Moraceae Moraceae Apiaceae Sapindaceae Thymelaeaceae Family Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Tree Shrub/ Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Herb Tree Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Habit Phanerophyte Phanerophyte Phanerophyte Cryptophyte Chamaephyte phenerophyte Cresophyte Therophyte Therophyte Chamaephyte Therophyte Climber Therophyte Chamaephyte Phanerophyte Phanerophyte Geophyte Phanerophyte Phanerophyte form Life Hilly area Hilly valleys Fields & ley Fields &val - Fields Fields Foot hills Field Foot hills Valley Hills Epephyt lands Grass Foot hills Upper hills uous Field Decid - Epephyt Valleys Foot hills Hills Habitat 1500-6000 feet 1500-6000 feet 1500-10000feet 1500-10000feet 600-2400 feet 50-1850 feet 2000-5000 feet 4000-6000 feet 900-3900 feet 300-6000 feet feet 3000-11000 3000-9000 feet feet 1500-11000 2500-7500 feet 4800-9900 feet 1500-7500 feet 1500-6900 feet 3900-9000 feet 0-3000 feet 2400-9000 feet range Altitudinal cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, bakhtbanda, binjaar, khan, rach hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, katkor, langbar Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, kangala dandy, mera, Gunangar, sarkol, jatkol, maser, katkor, khwar paty cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy Gunangar, batkot, sarkot, lower dheri, sharghashi sundia Sar, bagary, jinako madan ashory, sikny, gulibut, binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, g,geshy,kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar,poran, alpory, lelawny,karora, khadan - geshy, kandol ono, 539hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, lelawny, batkot, Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, sundia Sar, bagary, jinako madan ashory, sikny, gulibut, area in study Distribution HBKU547 HBKU546 HBKU545 HBKU544 HBKU543 HBKU542 HBKU541 HBKU540 HBKU539 HBKU538 HBKU537 HBKU536 HBKU535 HBKU534 HBKU533 HBKU532 HBKU531 HBKU530 HBKU529 number Voucher

December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 212 Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 No S. Solanum nigrum L . Solanum nigrum melongena L. Solanum thia osbeck Segeretia Schott, Ait. guttatum Sauromatum lanataSalvia L L Salvia moorcroftiana Var obtusifolius Rumex hastatus D Rumex L. muricatus Ranunculus .ex Benth wall rugosa Rabdosia Roxb incana Quercus granatum Linn Punica Podophyllum emodi Wall. Polygonatum (L.) verticillatum Plantago lanceolata Linn L. J. Pistacia integerrima Pinus gerardiana Wall. Nakhtar Paeonia emodi Wall. Oxalis corniculata L. Botanical name Botanical Solanaceae Solanaceae Rhamnaceae Araceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Polygonaceae polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Lamiaceae Fagaceae punicaceae Berberidaceae Asparagaceae Plantaginaceae Anacardiaceae Pinaceae Paeoniaceae Oxalidaceae Family Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Habit Chamaephyte Chamaephyte Chamaephyte Chamaephyte Therophyte Therophyte Therophyte Phanerophyte Phenerophyte Therophyte Therophyte Hydrophyte Phanerophyte Therophyte phyte - Hemicrypto form Life Fields Fields Foot hills Foot hills Fields Fields Fields Valley areas Hilly High altitude high altitude at Upper hills Fields Hills High altitude Fields Habitat valleys Foot & hills area Moist shady Valley Foot hills 500-1600 feet 3000-9000 feet 500-9000 feet 5000-9000 feet 100-4500 feet feet 2700-12000 0-3000 feet 1550-3600 feet 4500-7200 feet feet 9000-12000 feet 2000-13000 300-4600 feet feet 6000-10000 3600-7500 feet 900-8100 feet range Altitudinal 5700-7425 feet 3000-7000 feet 1500-4500 feet 2400-6000 feet kangala dandy, mera, Gunangar, sarkol, jatkol, maser, katkor, khwar paty katkor, langbar, bakht banda, Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, katkor, langbar, sundia dandy Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, katkor, langbar Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, geshy, kandolono, hafiz abad, Chakesar, poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy dolono, hafiz abad poran, alpory, lelawny, karora, khadang, geshy, kan - area in study Distribution katkor, langbar Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, katkor, langbar Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, HBKU565 HBKU564 HBKU561 HBKU560 HBKU559 HBKU558 HBKU557 HBKU556 HBKU555 HBKU553 HBKU552 HBKU551 HBKU550 HBKU549 HBKU548 number Voucher HBKU563 HBKU562 HBKU554 HBKU

December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 213 T. Rahman et al. 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 No S. Zizipus sativa Geatner Var D DC, Zanthoxylum armatum Wall. canescens Viola ex Roxb D. cotinifolium Viburnum K Verbascum thapsus L VValeriana jatamansi Jones Tuja orientalis L Benth . Thymus linearis L. Tribulus terrestris Tephrosiacandida Sonchus Oleraceou Ls Botanical name Botanical Rhamnaceae Rutaceae Violaceae Adoxaceae Scrophulariace Caprifoliaceae Cupressaceae Lamiaceae Zygophyllaceae Fabaceae Leguminosae Family Tree Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Habit Phanerophyte Therophyte Cryptophyte Cryptophyte Therophyte Phanerophytre Chamaephyte Therophyte Therophyte Therophyte form Life Hilly areas Hilly Hills Valleys Foot hills Fields Fields Fields Fields Valleys Grasslands Habitat Foot hills 2000-5000 feet 1500-6000 feet feet 2700-10500 4200-9600 feet feet 9000-12000 6000-7500 feet 800-3700 feet 600-3000 feet 600-4800 feet feet 2000-11000 range Altitudinal 900-4000 feet cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, binjaar, matta, peer sar, gadono, alixandar, stay, Bakhtbanda, redaaar sar, ledo, kandaw, akhoro oba, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy Chakesar, martong. Gunangar, sarkol, jatkol, Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony khan, ,rach dandy cham, mamanra Khadang, kotany, syda, , barkaly kozkaly, ashory, katkor, langbar, bakht banda, Karindara, poran, aloch, bilkyany. Danakol. Shwawo, area in study Distribution Sayeda, sarpaty, jawaz, badony , sar. HBKU574 HBKU573 HBKU HBKU572 HBKU571 HBKU570 HBKU569 HBKU568 HBKU567 HBKU566 number Voucher HBKU575

December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 214 Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar The distribution of plant species in their respective values the studied area distributed in various angles. families in which Moraceae have the highest number of species fallowed by Lamiaceae, Canaeaceae and Brasicaceae According to the FAO about 30-40% of the livestock this is the indication of the species diversity and species losses in breeding sector occur due to the scarcity of richness in the study area, which described a rich floral drugs (FAO, 2000) some viral infection of animals were diversity, and medicinal plant species with high herbal, treated through selected medicina plants in general were social, economic and esthetic values shown in Figure Euphorbia unispina, Euphorbia poissonii, Lannea acida, and 1 our results supported by Sabtain et al. (2017) who Mangifera indica in benin Kpodékon et al. (2015) Brassica investigated that the plants communities in that the campestris Linn is used in the treatment of stool problems study area having 102 plant belonging to 30 families in in goats. Salvia species used to treat the mammary glands which the Asteraceae was dominant having 7 species and milk production on buffalo’s Khalid et al. (2015). followed by Rosaceae contain 6 species also agree with Canna indica Linn is used as dysentery antinarcotic and the finding of Razaq et al. (2015) investigated the high also used for the sexual stimulation in animals Patel and valued medicinal plants of district Shangla he reported Deshmukh (2015). A number of plant extracts Neem oils about 25 medicinal plants species belonging to 21 families. azidaric decoction are used as antifungal and antimicrobial cure in cattle’s Somvanshi et al. (2016) (R1, R2, R4). The Sharing of the ethno-veterinary plant into different blotches in the study area 40% of the total plant species are oriented in the fields, 18% valleys, 14% Foot hills, 11% hills, 5% peak hills, 5% moist shady areas and 2 % are epiphytes respectively shown in Figure 3 our results supported by Mohib and Farukh (2012) sorted the region into different patches also supported by Akhatr et al. (2013) studied the geographical back round at swat similar to the said areas.The altitudinal variation in the study area which elaborate the elevation of the study Figure 4 the area exhibit various type of vegetation with rich floral diversity aline with the findings of Arshad et al. (2016) studied different Figure 6: Types of the medicinal plants in the study area. ecosystem in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa his study was conducted from 3100 to 4934 m from sea Conclusions and Recommendations level Wenxin et al. (2016) studied the biodiversity of the north china familiar with the distribution of the North This study indicate the basic herbal knowledge, Pakistan Amir et al. (2015) studied the floral diversity traditional uses of medicinal plants, expertise of the local of Charbagh valley and elaborate the ethno botanical former and healers, importance and aesthetic value of and ethno-veterinary uses of the plant species he also medicinal plants, flora and fauna of the study area, climate, elaborate the altitudinal variation and its impact on the elevation from the sea level, plants and pet animals distribution of the medicinal plant. The sharing of ethno diversity, animal disease, their local treatment and floral veterinary plants in the study area which is alienated in to richness of the study area. In summary, the District Shangla different villages, valleys and mountainous slops beginning ethnoveterinary survey includes a total of 70 plant species from low altitude to high altitude and plowed by a piece belonging to 50 spermatophyte families. In which 48 were of forest in different region of the study area Figure 5 a Angiosperm families and 2 were gymnosperm families. line with the investigation of Mohib et al. (2012) form Both plants have high medicinal qualities and are used by the plans to the mountainous villages, the area blowout the local people as an ethnoveterinary for healing purposes. into different faces by each side some are North facing, The highest medicinal values were found in Lamiaceae. some are South exposed where some plaster in East and This family also obtains much of the tonic. Administration West route of the study constituency therefor negotiable route is essentially oral where certain plants are used variation is seen in receiving of climatic element like externally in the event of a skin infection. As part uses are light and precipitation that might influence an inordinate concern areal parts of fifty plant species are used. A highly upshot in the life of the plant body. The habit of the meaningful medicinal knowledge, herbal use of medicinal medicinal plants in the study area, it comprises about 57% plants, routine administration, and specific identification of the plant contribution belongs to herbaceous nature, of medicinal plants were documented in interviews and 20% shrubs and 23% trees respectively Figure 6 agree with data collection in the study area, most of them using herbal the findings of Razaq et al. (2015) the area receive huge medicines for their livestock and animal animals. (R1, R2, annual rain fall about more than 1000 mm (NMCED, R3 andR4) this research work is based on original studies 2019) the area is rich in herbaceous plant species but most and documentation of the medicinal herbal knowledge of the plants are valuable medicinally and having esthetic from District Shangla. (R3) December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 215 T. Rahman et al. Acknowledgement Kpodékon, T.M., Ogni., C.A., Dassou, H., Dougnon, T.J., Boko, C.G., Koutinhouin, B., Goussanou, This research work is the partial part of M.Phil. thesis J.S.E., Akoegninou, A. and Youssao, I., 2015. of Scholar. Dominant viral pathologies in the extensive and semi-intensive animal breeding and their treatment Conflict of interest mode in ethno veterinary medicine in Benin. Vet. The authors have declared no conflict of interest. World, 8: 1424-1434. https://doi.org/10.14202/ vetworld.2015.1424-1434 References Mohib, S. and Farukh, H., 2012. 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