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7 35 2 20.Pdf Punjab University Journal of Zoology 35(2): 207-216 (2020) https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.2.207.216 Research Article Ethnoveterinary and Studies of Khadang Valley Chakesar District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1, Qudratullah Kalwar2 1Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 2Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan 3Department of Botany, University of Peshawar Article History Received: July 08, 2020 Abstract | Ethno veterinary medicine is a program focused on traditional values, expertise Revised: August 10, 2020 and skills; the methodologies and methods used to treat diseases, maintaining animal health Accepted: August 24, 2020 and its importance to ethnobotany and Pharmacogonosy.The objective of the present study Published: December 18, 2020 is to identify the leading medicinal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and Authors’ Contributions R4) this study labels the ethno veterinary practices in different villages of District Shangla, TR collected data and wrote original draft. TY analyzed data where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in and revised manuscript. AMS 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes revised manuscript. S helped in have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families data collection. GJ analyzed data. were gymnosperms. This comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study GN and QK revised manuscript. postulated on the certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous knowledge. (R1andR2) All the plant species have Keywords high medicinal values and used as an ethno veterinary by the local inhabitants. Like However, Shangla, Ethno-veterinary, family Lamiaceae showed remarkable medicinal benefits. The administrative route is virtually Medicinal plants, Herbal indigenous knowledge, Pet oral, while some fifty species are used externally for skin infections. This study concluded that animals, Diseases, remedies, Root Shangla District is a rich source of herbal awareness and medicinal plants. In local interviews, of administration. (R1, R2, R3 important medicinal knowledge and medicinal plants, most of whom use herbal medicines and R4) in livestock and pet animals, were recorded. Like Aloe vera L use for the healing of wounds, Arisaema jacquemontii blume used as antidote, Artimizia annua used as anathematize also in gastric problems, Avena sativa L. used as a laxative and antiseptic (R1). Novelty Statement | This is the first study which contributes an ethno veterinary inventory of medicinal plants of Khadand Valley Shangla. To cite this article: Rahman, T., Yaseen, T., Shah, A.M., Samiullah, Jelani, G., Nawaz, G., Kalwar, Q., 2020. Ethnoveterinary and studies of Khadang valley Chakesar District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Punjab Univ. J. Zool., 35(2): 207-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.2.207.216 Introduction on the traditional beliefs, knowledge, folks and practices used for the treatment of various animals’ disease and for ifferent plants species are used to treat the various the healthy life of animals. The study postulated on the diseases in animals, these treatments are ethno- certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though Dveterinary medicine (EVM) method, which is based former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous knowledge. (R1) EVM is widely recognized by Corresponding Author: Tabassum Yaseen the farmers and veterinarian and no of years used in red [email protected] Deer (Cervuselaphus) for the treatment of gastrointestinal December 2020 | Volume 35 | Issue 2 | Page 207 T. Rahman et al. parasite and reduced the Ostertagia-type parasite (Hughes, remarkable biodiversity and various types of climate zones. 2018). Medicinal plants were used traditionally in maxico, In Pakistan there were approximately 6000 plant species, Indiana, nahua and maya for the treatment of gastric 600-700 species with therapeutic interest. problems and skin problems in the cattle’s Michel et al. (1998) (R1, R2) This kind of traditional knowledge, which Medicinal plants which are used in the indigenous is passed by mouth, drawings, poems, stories, legends, system known as Shinwari (2010). Furthermore, previous paintings, visions, dreams, traditional songs and through finding elucidated that the oral administration of Phyllanthu ceremonies, is unfortunately disappearing gradually amarus extracts were excitingly effective against induced from traditional knowledge systems today due to fast pancreatic cancer in rats, and it also produced a significant socioeconomic, environmental, technological changes change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and the loss of culture Patricia (2011). Some people pancreatic amylase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate used medicinal plants against viral infection of animals aminotransferase Ankit et al. (2015). Nevertheless, very Euphorbia unispina, Euphorbia poissonii, Lannea acida, little information existing regarding ethno-veterinary and Mangifera indica in Kpodékon et al. (2015). Brassica medicine, hence the aim of the study is to evaluate ethno campestris Linn is used in the treatment of stool problems veterinary information of district Shangla and to estimate in goats. Salvia species used to treat the mammary glands the medicinal plants which are mostly used as a ethno and milk production on buffalo’s Khalid et al. (2015). veterinary medicine by the local people of the present area. Canna indica Linn is used as dysentery antinarcotic and Therefor this study is carried out to explore, identify and also used for the sexual stimulation in animals Patel document the herbal, aesthetic values of medicinal plants and Deshmukh (2015). A number of plant extracts and document the threatened indigenous knowledge from Neem oils azidaric decoction are used as antifungal and the old people of the study area the study also highlight antimicrobial cure in cattle’s Somvanshi et al. (2016). (R1) the sustainable utilization and conservation of high valued Ethno-veterinary medicine and posology are gaining medicinal plants in future. (R1, R2, R4). attractiveness because it is affordable by developing countries. Besides questionable quality of allopathic drugs, development of chemo resistance in companion and Materials and Methods livestock animals due to unsystematic use of antibiotics and anthelmintic e.g. tetracycline, ivermectin, ampicillin Study area and their use unpromising. Such as after usage of antibiotic Present research was conducted in Shangla district, and hormone their residues came out in the milk and which is located in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (North) also they produced negative affect on the reproductive province, Pakistan. The Shangla valley situated between 34° potential of animals these are sufficient weaknesses which 40_ to 35° N latitude and 72_ to 74° 6_ E longitude with divert the attention from modern veterinary medicine to an altitude of 3000 Kilometers from the sea level Adnan ethno-veterinary medicine Iqbal et al. (2005). The widely et al. (2010). Shangla district consist of 5 subdivisions with treated various type of animals through herbal methods total area of 1.586 square kilometer. The subdivisions are of experienced farmers and Hakeem’s through traditional Puran, Makhozay, Alpuri, Chakesar, and Besham tehsils. ailments describe about 24 ailments used in 7 categories In the north and east Shangla district are bounded with of animals and found the people of Uttara khand India Kohistan, Battagram and Torghar Districts respectively. to relay on traditional herbal medicines for about 80% While Shangla district bounded in West and South with Phondani et al. (2010) (R1, R4). Swat and Buner Districts respectively. In Census 2017, Population in Shangla district was noticed 757,810 having This information is supposed to be communally and 480 persons/ square kilometer. However, in census 1998, collectively owned by two ancestors and kept under the the population in Shangla district was 435,563 recorded custody of living older women and men who are aware with 3.3% an average annual growth rate with a density of the animals and their behaviors, diseases, ethnicity, of 274 persons /square kilometer. The total number of sex, age, caste, and healing procedures depending on the household is 64,391 with an average household size of community, etc. There is a threat; yet, this process of vesting 8.1. In Shangla district most of the peoples are Muslims knowledge in human custodians can be undermined by (99.8%) and a minor number of Hindus, Christians, mortality, thereby losing valuable information to future and Ahmadis. The native language in Shangla district is generations Patricia (2011). Pashto, about 95.4% populations use the Pashto language. A Reconnaissance survey of the study area has been Indigenous plants are mainly used in the traditional carried out from May to September 2017 (R1) in 5 tehsils treatment of various human and animal diseases. Pakistan among which Tehsil Alpuri, Chakesar, Puran, makhozay has an area of around 80943 square kilometers, and lies and Besham with an Altitudinal
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