Introduction
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873–1956)
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs ‘A man who has infinite capacity for making things go’: Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873–1956) Journal Item How to cite: Maidment, Alison and McCartney, Mark (2019). ‘A man who has infinite capacity for making things go’: Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873–1956). British Journal for the History of Mathematics, 34(3) pp. 179–193. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2019 British Society for the History of Mathematics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1080/26375451.2019.1619410 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk ‘A man who has infinite capacity for making things go’: Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873–1956) Alison Maidment Mark McCartney The Open University Ulster University Among the leading mathematicians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was British mathematician and astronomer, Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker. Born in Southport, in the north of England, Whittaker’s career started at the University of Cambridge, before moving to Dunsink to become Royal Astronomer of Ireland and Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College, Dublin, and finishing in Scotland as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. Whittaker completed original work in a variety of fields, ranging from pure mathematics to mathematical physics and astronomy, as well as publishing on topics in philosophy, history, and theology. -
Introduction Sally Shuttleworth and Geoffrey Cantor
1 Introduction Sally Shuttleworth and Geoffrey Cantor “Reviews are a substitute for all other kinds of reading—a new and royal road to knowledge,” trumpeted Josiah Conder in 1811.1 Conder, who sub- sequently became proprietor and editor of the Eclectic Review, recognized that periodicals were proliferating, rapidly increasing in popularity, and becoming a major sector in the market for print. Although this process had barely begun at the time Conder was writing, the number of peri- odical publications accelerated considerably over the ensuing decades. According to John North, who is currently cataloguing the wonderfully rich variety of British newspapers and periodicals, some 125,000 titles were published in the nineteenth century.2 Many were short-lived, but others, including the Edinburgh Review (1802–1929) and Punch (1841 on), possess long and honorable histories. Not only did titles proliferate, but, as publishers, editors, and proprietors realized, the often-buoyant market for periodicals could be highly profitable and open to entrepreneurial exploitation. A new title might tap—or create—a previously unexploited niche in the market. Although the expensive quarterly reviews, such as the Edinburgh Review and the Quarterly, have attracted much scholarly attention, their circulation figures were small (they generally sold only a few thousand copies), and their readership was predominantly upper middle class. By contrast, the tupenny weekly Mirror of Literature is claimed to have achieved an unprecedented circulation of 150,000 when it was launched in 1822. A few later titles that were likewise cheap and aimed at a mass readership also achieved circulation figures of this magnitude. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences Proceedings
Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences PROCEEDINGS ACMS May 2018, Volume 21 Editor’s Introduction The Resolved and Unresolved Conjectures of R. D. Carmichael “Big Idea” Reflection Assignments for Learning and Valuing Mathematics Start a Math Teacher Circle: Connect K-12 Teachers with Engaging, Approachable, and Meaningful Mathematical Problems A Pre-Calculus Controversy: Infinitesimals and Why They Matter Blended Courses Across the Curriculum: What Works and What Does Not Mentoring as a Statistical Educator in a Christian College Developing the Underutilized Mathematical Strengths of Students The Daily Question: Building Student Trust and Interest in Undergraduate Introductory Probability and Statistics Courses The Set of Zero Divisors of a Factor Ring The Topology of Harry Potter: Exploring Higher Dimensions in Young Adult Fantasy Literature Using Real-World Team Projects: A Pedagogical Framework Ten Mathematicians Who Recognized God’s Hand in Their Work (Part 2) Variations on the Calculus Sequence Reading Journals: Preview Assignments that Promote Student Engagement Finding Meaning in Calculus (and Life) Axioms: Mathematical and Spiritual: What Says the Parable? Cultivating Mathematical Affections through Engagement in Service-Learning Appendix 1: Conference Schedule and Abstracts Appendix 2: Conference Attendees Charleston Southern University Conference Attendees, May 31 - June 2, 2017 Table of Contents Editor’s Introduction Russell W. Howell....................................... iv The Resolved and Unresolved Conjectures of R. D. Carmichael Brian D. Beasley........................................1 “Big Idea” Reflection Assignments for Learning and Valuing Mathematics Jeremy Case, Mark Colgan..................................9 Start a Math Teacher Circle: Connect K-12 Teachers with Engaging, Approachable, and Meaningful Mathematical Problems Thomas Clark, Mike Janssen, Amanda Harsy, Dave Klanderman, Mandi Maxwell, Sharon Robbert.............................. -
The Philosophy of Religion Contents
The Philosophy of Religion Course notes by Richard Baron This document is available at www.rbphilo.com/coursenotes Contents Page Introduction to the philosophy of religion 2 Can we show that God exists? 3 Can we show that God does not exist? 6 If there is a God, why do bad things happen to good people? 8 Should we approach religious claims like other factual claims? 10 Is being religious a matter of believing certain factual claims? 13 Is religion a good basis for ethics? 14 1 Introduction to the philosophy of religion Why study the philosophy of religion? If you are religious: to deepen your understanding of your religion; to help you to apply your religion to real-life problems. Whether or not you are religious: to understand important strands in our cultural history; to understand one of the foundations of modern ethical debate; to see the origins of types of philosophical argument that get used elsewhere. The scope of the subject We shall focus on the philosophy of religions like Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Other religions can be quite different in nature, and can raise different questions. The questions in the contents list indicate the scope of the subject. Reading You do not need to do extra reading, but if you would like to do so, you could try either one of these two books: Brian Davies, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion. Oxford University Press, third edition, 2003. Chad Meister, Introducing Philosophy of Religion. Routledge, 2009. 2 Can we show that God exists? What sorts of demonstration are there? Proofs in the strict sense: logical and mathematical proof Demonstrations based on external evidence Demonstrations based on inner experience How strong are these different sorts of demonstration? Which ones could other people reject, and on what grounds? What sort of thing could have its existence shown in each of these ways? What might we want to show? That God exists That it is reasonable to believe that God exists The ontological argument Greek onta, things that exist. -
Introduction Setting the Scene
Introduction Setting the Scene On 7 April, 1875, mathematics students turning up for their morning lecture at University College London were surprised to see a message chalked on the blackboard. It read, ‘I am obliged to be absent on important business which will probably not occur again.’ The Professor of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, William Kingdon Clifford, was getting married on that day. He had come to London from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1871 and was twenty-nine years old. He was highly intellectual, tremendously popular, slightly eccentric and such a brilliant lecturer that he had taken the academic world by storm. His bride to be was Sophia Lucy Jane Lane. She was one year younger than William Clifford and had already begun to establish herself as a novelist and journalist. He and Lucy made a most attractive and lively couple and they drew around them a wide circle of friends from all walks of life. In 1874, when their engagement had been announced, William Clifford received this letter: Few things have given us more pleasure than the intimation in your note that you had a fiancée. May she be the central happiness and motive force of your career, and by satisfying the affections, leave your rare intellect free to work out its glorious destiny. For, if you don’t become a glory to your age and time, it will be a sin and a shame. Nature doesn’t often send forth such gifted sons, and when she does, Society usually cripples them. Nothing but marriage – a happy marriage – has seemed to Mrs Lewes and myself wanting to your future.1 The letter was from his close friend, the publisher, writer, and philosopher George Henry Lewes.SAMPLE Mrs Lewes was, of course, George Eliot. -
Macfarlane Hyperbolic 3-Manfiolds
MACFARLANE HYPERBOLIC 3-MANIFOLDS JOSEPH A. QUINN Abstract. We identify and study a class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds (which we call Mac- farlane manifolds) whose quaternion algebras admit a geometric interpretation analogous to Hamilton's classical model for Euclidean rotations. We characterize these manifolds arithmetically, and show that infinitely many commensurability classes of them arise in diverse topological and arithmetic settings. We then use this perspective to introduce a new method for computing their Dirichlet domains. We give similar results for a class of hyperbolic surfaces and explore their occurrence as subsurfaces of Macfarlane manifolds. 1. Introduction Quaternion algebras over complex number fields arise as arithmetic invariants of com- plete orientable finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds [16]. Quaternion algebras over totally real number fields are similarly associated to immersed totally-geodesic hyperbolic subsur- faces of these manifolds [16, 28]. The arithmetic properties of the quaternion algebras can be analyzed to yield geometric and topological information about the manifolds and their commensurability classes [17, 20]. In this paper we introduce an alternative geometric interpretation of these algebras, re- calling that they are a generalization of the classical quaternions H of Hamilton. In [22], the author elaborated on a classical idea of Macfarlane [15] to show how an involution on the complex quaternion algebra can be used to realize the action of Isom`pH3q multiplica- tively, similarly to the classical use of the standard involution on H to realize the action of Isom`pS2q. Here we generalize this to a class of quaternion algebras over complex number fields and characterize them by an arithmetic condition. -
VECTOR ANALYSIS and QUATERNIONS MATHEMATICAL MONOGRAPHS EDITED by Mansfield Merriraan and Robert S
4Lm, VECTOR ANALYSIS AND QUATERNIONS MATHEMATICAL MONOGRAPHS EDITED BY Mansfield Merriraan and Robert S. Woodward Octavo, Cloth No. 1. History of Modern Mathematics. By DAVID EUGENE SMITH. $1.25 net. No. 2. Synthetic Projective Geometry. By the Late GEORGE BBUCE HALSTED. $1.25 net. No. 3. Determinants. By the Late LAENAS GIFFORD WELD. $1.25 net. No. 4. Hyperbolic Functions. By the Late JAMES MCMAHON. $1.25 net. No. 5. Harmonic Functions. By WILLIAM E. BYEBLT. $1.25 net. No. 6. Grassmann's Space Analysis. By EDWARD W. HYDE. $1.25 net. No. 7. Probability and Theory of Errors. By ROBERT S. WOODWARD. $1.25 net. No. 8. Vector Analysis and Quaternions. By the Late ALEXANDER MACFARLANE. $1.25 net. No. 9. Differential Equations. By WILLIAM WOOLSEY JOHNSON. $1.25 net. No. 10. The Solution of Equations. By MANSFIELD MERRIMAN. $1.25 net. No'. 11. Functions of a Complex Variable. By THOMAS S. FISKE. $1.25 net. No, 12. The Theory of Relativity. By ROBERT D. CARMICHAEL. $1.50 net. No. 13. The Theory of Numbers. By ROBERT D. CARMICHAEL. $1.25 net. No. 14. Algebraic Invariants. By LEONARD E. DICKSON. $1.50 net. No. 16. Mortality Laws and Statistics. By ROBERT HENDERSON. $1.50 net. No. 16. Diophantine Analysis. By ROBERT D. CARMICHAEL. $1.50 net. No. 17. Ten British Mathematicians. By the Late ALEXANDER MACFARLANE. $1.50 net. No. 18. Elliptic Integrals. By HARRIS HANCOCK. $1.50 net. No. 19. Empirical Formulas. By THEODORE R. RUNNING. $2.00 net. No. 20. Ten British Physicists. By the Late ALEXANDER MACFARLANE. -
Elizabeth F. Lewis Phd Thesis
PETER GUTHRIE TAIT NEW INSIGHTS INTO ASPECTS OF HIS LIFE AND WORK; AND ASSOCIATED TOPICS IN THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Elizabeth Faith Lewis A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6330 This item is protected by original copyright PETER GUTHRIE TAIT NEW INSIGHTS INTO ASPECTS OF HIS LIFE AND WORK; AND ASSOCIATED TOPICS IN THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS ELIZABETH FAITH LEWIS This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Ph.D. at the University of St Andrews. 2014 1. Candidate's declarations: I, Elizabeth Faith Lewis, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 59,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in September 2010; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2014. Signature of candidate ...................................... Date .................... 2. Supervisor's declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D. -
Ten British Mathematicians
1917.] SHORTER NOTICES. 191 Any one familiar with Salkowski's papers in this field would recognize his fitness to prepare a third edition of the book. For a number of his papers are written from its point of view. Many sections have been rewritten and there are a number of essential additions. A notable one is the proof of the funda mental theorem concerning the determination of a curve by its intrinsic equations. A new chapter is devoted to a full discussion of skew ruled surfaces, in preparation for the study of those generated by the principal normals and bi nomials of a curve. When two curves in space are in one-to-one correspondence such that corresponding tangents, principal normals, and bi- normals respectively are parallel, the curves are in the relation of a transformation of Combescure, to use the terminology due to Bianchi. One readily thinks of other correspondences involving parallel arrangements, as well as ones having to do with differential quantities. An investigation of these ques tions appears in the new edition for the first time, as do also the ideas and properties of successive evolutes. A student reading one of the advanced treatises on differ ential geometry will do well to consult this little book, because of its method of attack and its richness in material. LUTHER PFAHLER EISENHART. Ten British Mathematicians. By ALEXANDER MACFARLANE. No. 17, Mathematical Monographs edited by Mansfield Merriman and Robert S. Woodward. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1916. 148 pp. Price $1.25. THIS is somewhat of a departure from the preceding sixteen numbers of this series in subject matter, being an account of individual mathematicians and their contributions to mathe matics, rather than a survey of some particular field of the subject. -
Reason, Causation and Compatibility with the Phenomena
Reason, causation and compatibility with the phenomena Basil Evangelidis Series in Philosophy Copyright © 2020 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Series in Philosophy Library of Congress Control Number: 2019942259 ISBN: 978-1-62273-755-0 Cover design by Vernon Press. Cover image by Garik Barseghyan from Pixabay. Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the authors nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. Table of contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 Causation, determinism and the universe 1 1. Natural principles and the rise of free-will 1 1.1. “The most exact of the sciences” 2 1.2. -
Strange Science: Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian
0/-*/&4637&: *ODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI6OHMVFJU XFIBWFTFUVQBTVSWFZ POMZUFORVFTUJPOT UP MFBSONPSFBCPVUIPXPQFOBDDFTTFCPPLTBSFEJTDPWFSFEBOEVTFE 8FSFBMMZWBMVFZPVSQBSUJDJQBUJPOQMFBTFUBLFQBSU $-*$,)&3& "OFMFDUSPOJDWFSTJPOPGUIJTCPPLJTGSFFMZBWBJMBCMF UIBOLTUP UIFTVQQPSUPGMJCSBSJFTXPSLJOHXJUI,OPXMFEHF6OMBUDIFE ,6JTBDPMMBCPSBUJWFJOJUJBUJWFEFTJHOFEUPNBLFIJHIRVBMJUZ CPPLT0QFO"DDFTTGPSUIFQVCMJDHPPE Revised Pages Strange Science Revised Pages Revised Pages Strange Science Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian Age ••• Lara Karpenko and Shalyn Claggett editors University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © 2017 by Lara Karpenko and Shalyn Claggett All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by the University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid- free paper 2020 2019 2018 2017 4 3 2 1 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Karpenko, Lara Pauline, editor. | Claggett, Shalyn R., editor. Title: Strange science : investigating the limits of knowledge in the Victorian Age / Lara Karpenko and Shalyn Claggett, editors. Description: Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references