Department of Computer Science Stanford University Department of Computer Science Stanford University

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE STANFORD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Cover illustration byWendy Hiller ¥

Department of Computer Science 3 Divisions 5 Major Awards and Honors , ....6 Degree Programs 8 Faculty and Research Associates 11 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 11 Foundations of Computer Science 15 Scientific Computing 18 Systems 19 Laboratories and Centers 24 Computer Systems Laboratory 24 Knowledge Systems Laboratory 26 The Robotics Laboratory 28 Center for Algorithmic Theory 29 Center for Intergrated Facility Engineering 30 Center for Integrated Systems 31 The Center for Large Scale Scientific Computation 31 Scientific Computing and Computational Mathematics 32 Stanford Institute for Manufacturing andAutomation 32 Center for the Study ofLanguage and Information 33 Computing Facilities 33 Student Life 34 External Relations 35 Faculty 36 Abbreviations andAcronyms 36

;JMiMM T

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE STANFORD UNIVERSITY

ounded in 1965,the Department ofComputerScience is acenterforresearch and educationatthe under- graduateandgraduatelevels. Strongresearchgroups exist in areas ofartificial intelligence androbotics, foundationsofcomputer science, scientificcomputing, andsystems. Basic work incomputer science is the mainresearch goal ofthese groups, butthere is alsoa strong emphasison interdisciplinaryresearch and on applicationsthat stimulatebasicresearch. Fields inwhich interdisciplinarywork has been undertaken include chemistry, genetics, linguistics, physics, medicine and various branches ofengineering. Close ties are maintainedwithresearchers withcomputational interests in other university departments. In addition, both faculty and students commonlywork with investigators atnearbyresearch or industrialinstitutions. The main educationalgoal is to prepare studentsforresearch and teaching careers, eitherin universities or in industry. !i>.

-t T

" ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEAND ROBOTICS: Artificial intelligence consists ofa numberofrelatedresearch projects with both basic and appliedresearch objectives. Current projects include basicresearch inartificial intelligence andformalreasoning, expert systems, large knowledgebases, image understanding,robotics, mathematical theory ofcomputation, program synthesis andverification, natural language understanding, parallel architectures, design/manufacturing, and portable LISP systems. TheArtificial Intelligencefaculty perform theirresearch in collab- orationwith a number ofStanford laboratoriesand centers. Some ofthese are theRobotics Laboratory, the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), the StanfordInstitute ofManu- facturingAutomation (SIMA), Center for Integrated FacilityEngi- neering(CIFE), and theKnowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL). " FOUNDATIONS OFCOMPUTER SCIENCE:Faculty in the foundations ofcomputer science seek greaterunderstandingofthe fundamental algorithms and data structures ofcomputer science. Research in the Center for Algorithmic Theory (CAT) includes the development ofnew, efficient methods for useon computers, the analysis oftheperformance ofimportant computer techniques, the studyofthe computational complexityof problems and the inherent limitations ofcomputing devices, the relation and trade- offs betweendifferent measures ofcomplexity, studies ofprogramming languages, and supporting studies in combinatorial theory and the logicalbasis ofcomputing. " SCIENTIFICCOMPUTING:The research inscientific computing involvestwo closelyrelated aspects: development ofmathematically basedtheoryto solveparticularproblems, and implementation of appropriate computer algorithms. Particular emphasisis placed on numericalaccuracy ofa computation; additionalconsiderations are algorithm design, computational efficiency, data structures andparallel procedures. Seminars are heldalmost everyweek of theyear with members ofthe Stanfordcommunityand industrial researchers. Close cooperationand collaboration with government and industriallaboratories is maintained, and there is an active visitors program. Research is done incollaboration with theScientific Computing and Computational Mathematics Program. " SYSTEMS: Thesystems area encompassesboth experimental and theoreticalworkgrowing out oftopics inoperating systems and compilers, computercommunication and networks, architecture, programming languages and environments, distributedsystems, VLSI design and fabrication, graphics, reliability and fault tolerance, system specificationand verification, and user interfaces. A large concentration ofsystems research takes place within the Computer SystemsLaboratory, a joint laboratoryoftheDepart- ments ofComputer Science andElectricalEngineering. MAJOR AWARDSWARDS ANDANI HONORS

impressive arrayofhonors has beenbestowed uponthe fac- An__ ultyandresearch associates within the Computer Science Department. National MedalofScience:Professors George Dantzig, Donald Knuth. Member, NationalAcademy ofSciences:Professors George Dantzig, DonaldKnuth, JohnMcCarthy Member, NationalAcademy ofEngineering: Professors George Dantzig, Edward Feigenbaum, DonaldKnuth, JohnMcCarthy, William Miller, Jeffrey Ullman. Member, Institute ofMedicine (NationalAcademy of Sciences): ProfessorEdward Shortliffe. Association for Computing MachineryTuringAwards: Professors Robert Floyd, Donald Knuth, John McCarthy, JamesH. Wilkinson (deceased). Fellow, AmericanAcademy ofArts andSciences:Professors George Dantzig, Robert Floyd, DonaldKnuth, JohnMcCarthy, William Miller. Fellow, AmericanAssociation for theAdvancement ofScience: Professors Edward Feigenbaum, Robert Floyd, George E. Forsythe (deceased), Gene Golub, EdwardMcCluskey, William Miller,Nils Nilsson. Fellow, British Computer Society: Professor George E. Forsythe (deceased); Distinguished Fellow: Professors DonaldE. Knuth, James H. Wilkinson (deceased). Fellow, Royal Society, London: Professor JamesH. Wilkinson (deceased). Kyoto Prize:Professor JohnMcCarthy The NewYorkAcademy of SciencesAward: ProfessorDonald Knuth. Franklin Medal: Professor Donald Knuth. MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship:Professors Charles Bigelow, David Rumelhart. Fellow, American College ofMedical Informatics: Professors Bruce Buchanan,Edward Feigenbaum, EdwardShortliffe, Gio Wiederhold; Lawrence Fagan, SeniorResearch Associate. " Institute ofElectrical andElectronics EngineersAwards: Honor- ary Members: Professors George Dantzig, Gene Golub, Donald Knuth. Fellows: Professors MichaelFlynn, Edward McCluskey, William Miller,FouadTobagi. Centennial Medal: ProfessorEdward McCluskey " Associationfor Computing Machinery GraceMurray Hopper Award: Distinguished ComputerScientist underage 30:Professors DonaldKnuth, Brian Reid, Edward Shortliffe. " Endowed Chairs: JohnL. Hennessy, WillardR. and InezKerrBell Professor ofEngineering; Donald E. Knuth, Fletcher JonesPro- fessor ofComputer Science; JohnMcCarthy, Charles M. Pigott Pro- fessor ofEngineering. " Dean'sAwardfor Excellence inTeachingfrom School of Human- ities andSciences:Professors Gene Golub, Terry Winograd. Guggenheim Fellows: ProfessorsRobert Floyd, Gene Golub, Donald " Knuth, Zohar Manna, Jeffrey Ullman. " National ScienceFoundation Presidential YoungInvestigator Award: Professors David Cheriton, David Dill, Giovanni De Micheli, AndrewGoldberg, JohnHennessy, MarkHorowitz, Ernst Mayr, Teresa Meng, JohnMitchell,Brian Reid, David Ungar. " Digital EquipmentCorporation Incentives for Excellence, Fac- ultyProgramAward: ProfessorAnoop Gupta. " IBMFaculty DevelopmentAwards: Professors AndrewGoldberg, Mark Horowitz, Keith Lantz, Mark Linton,Ernst Mayr, Brian Reid, Teresa Meng, David Ungar. " ONR YoungInvestigatorAward: Professor Teresa Meng. " DinkelspielAward: Staff membersRalph Gorinand StuartReges for contributionto undergraduate educationatStanford.

"I have never heard an electronicorgan that soundseven remotely asbeautiful as apipe organ."

Donald E. Knuth FletcherJonesPro- fessor ofComputer Science and(by courtesy)Electrical Engineering R Undergraduate Majors Involving Computer Science Themajorin Computer Science is composedofcourses in theory, systems, artificialintelligence, and hardware, with an emphasis on theory and systems. Themajorin Computer Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinarymajor involvingCSand EE. It focuses on the morepractical aspects of designingsystems atboth the software and hardware level. Symbolic Systems is also an interdisciplinarymajor. It is offered jointlybyCS, Linguistics, Philosophy, andPsychology, and examines information, itsrepresentation in naturaland computer languages, and howit is processedby minds and computers. The Mathematical and Computational Science interdisciplinary majorincorporates elements ofCS, Mathematics, OperationsRe- search, and Statistics. It provides acore ofmathematicsbasic to all ofthe mathematicalsciences, and an introductionto the concepts and techniques ofautomatic computation, optimal decisionmaking, probabilistic modeling, and statistical inference. Masterof Science The department offers a Master ofScience in Computer Science (MSCS) degreeprogramwhich canbe completedin one to two years. The degree is intendedas aterminalprofessional degree and does not leadto the Ph.D. degree. The program combines courseworkfrom acore group ofComputer Science breadth classes andfrom a depth area. Current pre-approved specializationareas are: Numerical Analysis/Scientific Computation; Systems; SoftwareTheory; Theo- retical Computer Science; Symbolic and Heuristic Computation; and Databases. Students mayalso propose other coherentprograms that meet their goals and satisfythe basicrequirements. Doctor of Philosophy Studentsadmitted to the Ph.D. program are encouragedto become involvedwitharesearch groupimmediatelyupon theirarrival. As the program has no firm course requirements, studentsplan a coherent program of studythatbestsuits their own background andfuture work. Studentsmust satisfy the breadth requirement, covering intro- ductorylevelgraduate materialin major areas ofcomputer science, andpass a qualifying examinationin their specialtyarea. Themost important degreerequirement is the dissertation. This scholarly work mustbe approvedby areading committee ofatleast three faculty members and defendedin the University OralExam. Medical Information Sciences Program This interdisciplinaryprogram was created inresponse to arecog- nized needfor well-trainedresearchers and academic leaders to work at the interface betweenbiomedicine and computerscience. The program offers instruction andresearch opportunities leadingto M.S. andPh.D. degreesin Medical Information Sciences, with aparticular emphasis on medical decisionsciences (including artificial intelligence inbiomedicine).

"We'llprobably never want to deal with machinesthat are too much likewe are. Who wants to deal with a computer that losesits temper or an automatic tellerthat falls in love? Compu- ters will end upwith thepsychology that is convenienttotheir designers."

JohnMcCarthy Charles M.Pigott Professor of Engineering

Photo by Mcl Lindstrom Scientific Computing andComputational Mathematics This graduateprogram, which offers the M.S. andPh.D. , is designedfor studentswho are interestedin studying and developing computational toolsin those aspects ofapplied mathematicswhich are central to modeling in the physicaland engineering sciences. Graduates ofthisprogram are expectedto be ableto deal with a scien- tificproblem from its formulation, moving through its mathematical analysisto algorithm development and implementation. The sym- biosis ofapplied mathematics and numerical computingwill be of fundamental importance, but there will alsobe emphasis on other areas suchas symbolic computation and computer architecture. Theprogram is intendedtoprepare studentsfor employment in the rapidlyexpandingfield ofsupercomputers.

"Iprefer to callit 'computer science'rather than 'computer sciences'—there is at most one computer science."

GeorgeForsythe circa 1966

* ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ANDROBOTICS " Thomas O. Binford, Professor " Robert Engelmore, SeniorResearch (Research), Ph.D. Wisconsin, 1965. Associate, Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon, Affiliations: Robotics Laboratory Steer- 1962. ingCommittee, Stanford Institutefor Affiliation: Executive Directorofthe Manufacturing andAutomation (SIMA), HPPwithin theKSL. Research Inter- TheCenter for Integrated Systems (CIS). ests:Applied Artificial Intelligence. His Research Interests: Sensing, machine interestsare directed towardintelligent perception, and geometric modeling for agents to assist engineers in the de- computervision, manufacturing, mobile sign andanalysis ofphysical devices. robots and medicine. Research topics include design of sci- andengineering knowledge bases, Representation ofobject geometry; ence modeling ofdevices, andqualitative/ reasoning withgeometry; designfor quantitative simulation. manufacturability; tolerancing and inspection; quality control; evidentialrea- " Thomas Gruber,Research Associate, Massachusetts, soning; learning in geometryandvision; Ph.D. University of textreading; image segmentation; inter- 1989. preting surfaces from images; stereo Affiliation: KSL. Research Interests: mapping. Knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation , machine-generated explanation, and human-computer EdwardA. Feigenbaum, " Professor of He building an Computer Science, Ph.D., Carnegie- interaction. is environmentfor acquiring, explaining, andrea- Mellon, 1960. withmodelsofphysical devices Affiliation: Scientific Directorof the soning Michael Genesereth and processes. Thegoal ofthe research " HeuristicProgramming Project (HPP) withinthe Knowledge SystemsLabora- is acomputationalmedium that enablesprofessionals suchas engineers tory(KSL). Research Interests: Develop- and educators tobuildqualitative and ing a generalframework for modeling quantitative modelsof devicesandpro- physical devices that supportsreasoning cedures, abouttheir designed structure, intended tofacilitate educationand function, andactual behavior. Investigat- collaborativework. Current projects include computer-mediated acquisi- ing basicissues inthe representation of tionof design rationaleandqualitative engineeringandphysics knowledge. simulationof devices. Professor Feigenbaum founded theStan- ford HeuristicProgramming Project " Barbara Hayes-Roth, Senior (HPP) in 1965.A pastpresidentof AAAI Research Associate, Ph.D. University of andamember ofthe NationalAcademy of Michigan, 1974. Engineering, hewas elected in 1986to Affiliations: KSL, CIFE, CIS. Research the Productivity Hallof Fame,Republic of Interests: Adaptive Intelligent Systems Singapore, and named the PrimeMinis- —systems that perceive, reason, andact terLee Kuan YuDistinguished Professor effectively in complex environments in at the National University ofSingapore. real time. Current research issues

"Physics, chemistry, and one mightthink— will show biology reigned supreme us how we can (and how during the lastfew nature already does) centuries. I believe that the aggregate theprimitive two most important building blocks ofphysics scientific enterprisesfor the into unimaginably rest ofthis century and into wonderful complexes such the next are computer as human beings and science and developmental futuristic robots." genetics. These two subjects— more related than Nils Nilsson Professor and Chairman, Department ofComputer Science (from Fantasy, Computation, andReality) include:focus of attention, reactive " MichaelR. Genesereth, Associate Pro- multiple-agent society laws. Applications behavior, model-basedprediction and fessor, Ph.D. Harvard, 1978. includespaceautomation,putting many planning, communicationand inter- Affiliations: Director ofthe Logic Group, robots inan office environment, andinte- action, and global controlof multiple CIFE. Research Interests: Knowledge gration of design and manufacture. tasks. Theoreticalconcepts arerealized representation, automatedreasoning, in ageneric software architecture (BB1), and agent control, withapplications in " JeromeBarraquand, Research Asso- analyzed formally, andstudied empiri- engineering androbotics. Professor Gen- ciate, Ph.D. 1.N.R.1.A. (France), 1988. cally in several application domains: esereth's research centerson the studyof Engineering degree, Ecole Polytech- intensive care monitoring, materials declaratively expressedknowledge, with nique(France) 1984. processing, and semiconductor special attention toproblems inknowl- Affiliation: Robotics Laboratory manufacturing. edgerepresentation, automatedreason- Research Interests: Robot Motion Plan- ing, and the controlarchitectureof ning, withspecial interest in obstacle " Yumi Iwasaki, ResearchAssociate, physical agents (such as robots). Asig- avoidanceforhighly redundant manip- Ph. D. Carnegie-Mellon, 1988. nificantportion of hiswork is devotedto ulatorswithalarge numberofdegrees Affiliations: HPPwithintheKSL. applicationsofresearch results. At pres- offreedom. Hisresearch is aimed at Research Interests: Qualitativephysics, ent, theprimary application is Design- defining a single datarepresentation causal reasoning, model-basedreason- world, a computer-roboticsystem that framework to handle the motionplan- ing, knowledge representation, artificial specializes in the design, manufacture, ningproblemwithonly real-life sensory intelligence applications toreasoning andrepair ofsmall-scale electromechani- information. Dr. Barraquand isalso about physical systems for purposesof cal devices (such as computers, compact involvedin mobilerobot motionplan- diagnosis, design, andsimulation. disk players,and robots). ning withvarious types ofconstraints suchas kinematic and/or dynamic " Hisako Penny Nii, SeniorResearch " Narinder Singh, Research Associate constraints. Associate, MS Stanford, 1973. in Computer Science. Ph.D. Stanford, Affiliation: HPP within theKSL. 1985. " Oussama Khatib, SeniorResearch Research Interests: Ms. Niirecently Research Interests: Declarative device Associate, Docteur-Ingenieur, Ecole launchedanewproject tobuilda power- modeling, qualitative physics, auto- Nationale Superieure deLAeronautique ful CASE toolfor system design using mateddeduction, planning, diagnosis, etdel'Espace,l9Bo. knowledge-based techniques. Thefoci verification. Affiliation: Robotics Laboratory. Research oftheAI/CASE project areas follows: (1) Interests: Issuesof task description, con- investigate and develop arepresenta- " Patrick J. Hayes, Consulting Professor, strained motionand force control, force tion schemefor amulti-perspective, Ph.D. Edinburgh, 1973. strategies, redundancy, kinematic sin- multi-level modelofsoftware systems Affiliation: Principal Scientist, Xerox Palo gularities, real-time obstacleavoidance, and their design; (2) acquire and AltoResearch Center. Research Interests: sensor fusion, andhigh-level program- encodedesign process knowledge that Mechanicalreasoning and the represen- ming systems. Hisresearch is aimed at uses the underlying model anduser tation ofeverydayknowledge, especially methodologies toestablisha unified requirements to createnewdesigns; (3) everyday physical knowledge. He is par- framework for motion and active force investigate and develop anarchitecture ticularly interested in the representation control ofrobot manipulators operating for a cooperative, human-oriented envi- of timeand ofshapes, and moregenerally inaclutteredand evolving environment. ronment in which ahumananda com- in theoriesof theordinary physical world Dr. Khatib is also involvedin the analysis puter share the design task, eachdoing whichcansupport thesort of mundane and design of high-performance force- what he or itdoes well;and (4) develop butpervasive inferenceswhichwe take controlled robot manipulatorandmicro- aninteractive user interface language for granted ineveryday life. Dr. Hayes is manipulatorsystems. based onvarious diagramming President-ElectofAAAI. methodscurrently inuse amongsystem " Jean-FrancoisRit, Research Asso- analysts and designers. She is complet- " Jussi A. Ketonen, Consulting Pro- date; DocteurInstitutNational Poly- ing aproject todevelop andexperiment fessor, Ph.D. University ofWisconsin, technique deGrenoble, 1988, Inge- withconcurrent problem-solving 1971. nieur, EcolePolytechnique, 1984. frameworks for a real-time, signal Research Interests: Formal methods, Affiliation: Robotics Laboratory understanding and information fusion mechanized reasoning. Research Interests: Modelsof time and problems. Ms.Nii continuestobe inter- space,planning. Computer aided de- ested inblackboardarchitectures and " Jean-Claude Latombe,Associate Pro- sign andmanufacturing. The current theirapplications. fessor andDirector, AI andRobotics Divi- focus ison assembly planning. sion, Docteur-Ingenieur Grenoble, 1972; " ThomasC. Rindfleisch, Senior Docteur d'EtatGrenoble, 1977. " Douglas B. Lenat, Consulting Asso- Research Associate, School ofMedi- Affiliations: Director,Robotics Labora- ciate Professor, Ph.D. Stanford, 1976. cine, M.S. Caltech, 1965. tory, CIFE. Research Interests: Robot Affiliations: Principal Scientist and Affiliations: Director, KSL, Scientific reasoning, geometrical andspatialrea- DirectorofAI at MCC,Austin, Texas. Director of the Symbolic Systems soning, includingpathplanning among Research Interests: Representation of Resources Groupwithin theKSL. obstacles, dealing withgeometrical un- common-sense knowledge, ontological Research Interests: Networks and certainty (sensory interaction), assembly engineering, non-monotonicreasoning, distributedsymbolic computing planning, relating shapesandfunctions, machine learning. He is currently work- resources, knowledge-based resource reasoning in multiple-agent worlds, ing on alarge commonsenseknowledge managementsystems, and constraint including representing one agent's basewhich may reduce expertsystems' satisfaction systems. knowledge aboutother agents' knowl- brittleness, enablenaturallanguage sys- edge, recognizing otheragents' goals, tems' semanticdisambiguation, and reasoning abouttime-dependent inter- facilitate learning by analogy. actions withotheragents, andmodeling with " John McCarthy, Charles M. Pigott particular interest are languages Professor ofEngineering, Professor of function and control abstractions, Computer Science and (by courtesy) objects withstate, and concurrency ElectricalEngineering, Ph.D. Princeton, Recent work includesdeveloping 1951. inference systems for proving program Research Interests:Artificial intelligence, equivalence insuchlanguages, and computing withsymbolic expressions, specification ofclasses of program- time sharing, formalizing common ming language algebras that include sense, non-monotonic logic. One of operational, denotational, andstatic the founders of artificial intelligence semantics. research, Professor McCarthyinvented Weening,Research LISP, the programming language most " Joseph Asso- ciate, Ph.D. Stanford, 1989. used inAIresearch andalsofirst pro- Research Interests: Parallelprogram- posed the generalpurpose time-sharing and mode ofusing computers. Theemphasis ming parallelsymbolic computation, particularly in He is ofhisAI research has beeninidentifying Lisp. an effort thecommon sense rules that determine managing the Qlispproject, to demonstratethe feasibility ofparallel the consequencesof actionsandother ArthurL. Samuel implementing applications in " events, the expressionof suchrules and Lisp by algebra, theorem othercommonsense information as sen- symbolic proving andartificialintelligence. tences inlogical languages inthe data- ofartificial intelligent programs. bases Bernard M. Mont-Reynaud, Associate work non-monotonic " Hisrecent concerns Music and (by courtesy) commonsense wherebypeople Professor of reasoning Computer Science, Ph.D. Stanford, 1977. and draw conjectural conclu- computers Affiliations: CCRMA. Research Interests: by that complications sions assuming Perception andmulti-mediainteraction; absentfrom situation.A past presi- are a real-time digital audioandvideo proces- dentofAAAI, Professor McCarthyreceived sing; a unified morphology of sound, the UCAI Research Excellence First gesture andimage; models ofsensory Award 1985. in intelligence, especially auditory and and » Vladimir Lifschitz, SeniorResearch visual; relations betweenvision Associate, Ph.D. Steklov Mathematical acoustic patternrecognition; scientific Inst, 1971. visualization techniques for music, ges- sound; Research Interests: Formal theoriesof ture and exploratory environ- nonmonotonicreasoning, theirmathe- ments inart, science, educationand maticalproperties, relation tologic entertainment; music analysis, tran- Yoav Shoham " programming, andapplications tofor- scription, transformation andsynthesis education, malizing commonsenseknowledge. by computer; music especially derived from performance analysis and " lanAlistair Mason,Research Asso- transcription; intuitive user interface ciate, Ph.D. Stanford, 1986. design in music, soundand image appli- Research Interests: Semantics ofpro- cations; physical modeling, especially in gramming languages, mathematical connectionwith interactive user control; theory of computation andproving acoustic andvisualsignal processing propertiesof programs. Hisrecent work front-ends; algebrasfor (interactive) includes developing inference systems image processing; theoriesand/or VLSI for proving program equivalence in lan- implementations of the above. guageswithfunction andcontrol abstractions as wellas objects with " MarkA. Musen,AssistantProfessor of state. Thiswork includes systems Medicine and (by courtesy) Computer Science, Brown, 1980; incorporating staticeffect analysis M.D. Ph.D. Stan- withtype assignment systems. ford, 1988. Affiliation: Medical Computer Science " Carolyn Talcott,SeniorResearch Groupwithin theKSL. Research Inter- Associate, Ph.D.Stanford, 1985. ests: Knowledge acquisition for expert Research Interests: Semantics and systems, including theuseof automated Winograd " Terry design ofprogramming languages, tools thatallow application specialists mathematical theory of computation independently to constructand to (proving propertiesofprograms), and maintainknowledge-based systems. mechanization offormal reasoning. Dr. Musen'sresearch concentrates on She is working onprogramming lan- PROTEGE, a metalevelprogram that guagetheory anditsapplications. The allows systembuilders toconstruct basictheoretical work is the studyof custom-tailoredknowledge-acquisition mathematicalproperties ofcomputa- tools thatreflect the semanticsof par- tionmechanismsand thecomputation ticular applicationareas. structures needed to support them. Of " Nils J. Nilsson, Professor and Chair- " Yoav Shoham,Assistant Professor, Group within theKSL. Research Inter- man, Ph.D. Stanford, 1958. Ph.D. Yale, 1986. ests: Temporalreasoning for expert Affiliations: CIS, CSLI, CIFE. Research Affiliations: Robotics Laboratory, CSLI, systems, combining quantitative and Interests: Communicating, distributed CIS, CIFE. Research Interests: Modelling qualitative computation methods, the AIsystems and robots. Robot architec- artificialagents and theirenvironment. design of therapy-planning computer tures that combinereasoning abilities Emphasis isplaced on computational programs(applications incancer withthe capacity to react appropriately to reasons for ascribing tomachines therapy, radiationtherapy, andinten- environmental changes in realtime.A notions suchas knowledge, goals and sive careunit), and man-machineinter- pastpresident ofAAAI, heis also inter- intentions, andonthe relation between face questions. Dr. Fagan, project estedin exploring the effects ofartificial symbolicreasoning andsensory-motor director for theONCOCIN project, asso- intelligence onsocietyas awhole. activity Theoretical tools include several ciate directorof the MedicalInforma- logics, and experiments involve robotics tionSciences Training Program and Matthew " L. Ginsberg, Senior equipment. national communityliaisonfor the Research Associate inComputer SUMEX computerproject, received Science, D. Phil. Oxford, 1980. " Edward H.Shortliffe,Associate Pro- a New InvestigatorAward from the Research Interests: Multivaluedlogics, fessor ofMedicineand (by courtesy) NationalLibrary of Medicineandwas modal logics, real-time problem solving, Computer Science, Ph.D. Stanford, 1975; elected as afellow to the AmericanCol- nonmonotonicreasoning, planning. M.D. Stanford, 1976. lege of MedicalInformatics. Affiliation: Scientific Directorof the Medi- " Stanley J.Rosenschein, Consulting cal Computer Science Group within the JayM. Tenenbaum, Consulting Pro- Ph.D. " Professor, Pennsylvania, 1975. KSL. Research Interests: Knowledge- fessor, Ph.D. Stanford, 1971. Affiliations: Director ofResearch, Teleos basedexpert systems for medicine. Divid- Affiliations: Schlumberger Fellow and Research; CSLI. Research Interests: The- ing his timebetween clinicalresponsibili- Director, AdvancedResearch Projects, oretical artificial issues in intelligence, ties inthe medicalschool(where he is Schlumberger Technologies; CIS; SIMA. formal particularly approaches tothe Chiefof the DivisionofGeneral Internal Research Interests: Artificial intelligence design ofsoftwarefor robots andother Medicine) andmedicalinformatics andmachine perception. AtStanford, Dr. real-time intelligent agents. Dr.Rosen- research, Professor Shortliffe is par- Tenenbaumisapplying techniquesfrom schein is currently leading a research ticularly interested in promoting the AI anddistributedsystems to design and effort aimed at building integrated studyofclinicalreasoning andbiomedi- manufacturing, in collaborationwithfac- robotic systems combining real-time calcomputing atStanford. Current ultyfrom the departments of Electrical perception, action, and language. research efforts include theONCOCIN andMechanicalEngineering. A long- project, atherapy adviser designedfor term research goal is thedevelopment of " DavidE. Rumelhart, Professor, Psy- routine use inthe Stanford oncology intelligent-agent architectures for con- chology and (by courtesy) ComputerSci- clinicand based inpart onhis prior expe- current engineering, team design, CIM ence, Ph.D. Stanford, 1967. rience withthe MYCIN system (for which andenterprise computing. He is also Affiliation: CSLI. Research Interests: he received theACM's Grace MurrayHop- working withresearchers at CSLI and Connectionist approachto artificial intel- perAward in 1976). Additional honors: CCRMAon aunified computational ligence andcognitive science. Particular Research CareerDevelopment Award, model ofvisualandauditory perception. areas ofinterest include machine learn- NationalLibrary ofMedicine; Henry J. ing, constraint satisfaction andknowl- Kaiser FamilyFoundation Faculty " TerryWinograd, Professor, Ph.D. MIT, edgerepresentations. Current projects Scholar inGeneral Internal Medicine; 1970. includespeech recognition, robot navi- first medical computerscientist elected Affiliation: System DevelopmentLan- gation, complex pattern classification, to theAmerican Societyfor Clinical Inves- guagesproject at the Centerfor the Study gameplaying, brain modeling, story tigation;firstrecipient of theYoung ofLanguage andInformation (CSLI). understanding, visualscene segmenta- Investigator Award ofthe Western Society Research Interests: Design of computer tion and othersimilar applicationof con- for Clinical Investigation; electedto: the systems for cooperative work. Professor nectionistmethods. Currentpresident of Institute of Medicine(National Academy Winograd'sfocus is on developing the theCognitive Science Society, heis also of Science), theWestern Societyfor Clini- theoreticaland practical background interestedin the relationbetween artifi- calInvestigation and theNational Acade- needed toincorporate human contextual cial intelligence andotherapproachesto mies ofPractice. elements intothe design and analysis thestudyof cognition. of computer systems. His primary " Gregory F. Cooper, Research Asso- emphasis ison the developmentofa " ArthurL. Samuel, EmeritusProfessor ciate, Department ofMedicine, Ph.D. "language-action perspective" inwhich (Research), 5.8.,5.M. MIT, 1926. Stanford, 1985;M.D. Stanford, 1986. current andpotential software andhard- Research Interests: Artificial intelligence. Affiliation: Medical Computer Science ware devices areanalyzed and designed In 1966,uponhis retirement from IBMas Groupwithin theKSL. Research Inter- in the contextof theirembedding inwork theAssociate DirectorofResearch, Dr. ests: Expert systems basedondecision and communicative structures. The Samuel cametoStanford where he has theory, Bayesian belief networks, proba- language/action perspective grewout of continued hisinterest inartificial intel- bilistic inference algorithms, acquiring his earlierwork inartificial intelligence, ligence. He rewrote his checkers pro- andexplaining probabilistic causal butitshifts thefocus of attention away gramfor the SAIL computer and greatly models, and the computationalcom- from the mental and the individual, to improved itslearning ability He has done plexity of decisionmaking under the socialactivityby which people gener- research inspeech recognition, and has uncertainty. ate thespace of cooperativeactions in contributedtoward the development of whichthey work— and tothe technology theETVediting program. " Lawrence M.Fagan, SeniorResearch that is the mediumfor those actions. Associate in the Department ofMedi- Aformer Danforth Fellow, Winograd also cine, Ph.D. Stanford, 1980;M.D. received theMellon JuniorFacultyFellow- Miami, 1983. ship and an HonoraryD.Sc. from The Col- Affiliation: Medical Computer Science orado College. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE " Robert Cypher, Consulting Assistant anddistributedcomputation, computa- Professor ofComputer Science, Ph.D. U. tionalcomplexity, combinatorialoptimi- ofWashington, 1989. zation, andgraph theory. Prof. Goldberg's Affiliations: Research StaffMember, IBM thesis, "Efficient GraphAlgorithmsfor AlmadenResearch Center, CAT. Research Sequential and ParallelComputers',' won Interests: Parallelalgorithms and archi- the 1988A. W. Tucker Prizefor an out- tectures. Professor Cypher's mainre- standing paper authoredby a student. search interest is the design ofparallel TheTucker Prize was established by the algorithmsfor distributed memoryparal- Mathematical Programming Society lelcomputers. He isparticularly interestedin the interaction betweenparallel " Leonidas J. Guibas, Professor, Ph.D. architectures andalgorithms andin the Stanford, 1976. communication of databetween pro- Affiliations: CAT, CSL. Research Inter- cessors. He is also interested inVLSI ests: Computational geometryand com- bothof these design for parallel systems. puter graphics. Common to " Andrew Goldberg areas are issues concerning the represen- " Robert W. Floyd, Professor, 8.A., 1955; tationand manipulationof geometric B.S. Chicago, 1958. objects. Professor Guibas hasrecently Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: De- beenworking onthe developmentof gen- sign andanalysis ofalgorithms, includ- eral toolsfor the studyofarrangements ing sorting, searching, sampling, digital of curves andsurfaces in twoand three halftones. Currentlyworking on a text- dimensions. He has found manyinterest- book ondevice-based computability ing uses ofprobabilistic methods in theory computational geometry. He is also inves- tigatingtechniques for making geo- " JohnT. Gill 111,Associate Professor of metricalgorithms robust inthe presence Electrical Engineering and(by cour- ofnumerical errors. tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. Berkeley, 1972. " JosephHalpern, Consulting Associate Affiliation: CIS, ISL. Research Interests: Professor, Ph.D. Harvard , 1981. Computational complexity andtheory Affiliations: Research StaffMember, IBM ofcomputation, withemphasis on the AlmadenResearch Laboratory, CAT. connections between probability and Research Interests: Reasoning about computation. Noiselesscoding and knowledge and probability, fault-tolerant VLSI implementations ofdata compres- distributed computation, andlogics of sion. Logic circuit simulation and programs. Managerof the Mathematics partitioning. and Related Computer Science Depart- ment(MARCS) at IBMAlmaden, Pro- AndrewV. Goldberg,AssistantPro- " fessor Halpern isparticularly interested Computer Science and (by cour- fessorof inunderstanding distributedsystems tesy) OperationsResearch, Ph.D. M.1.T., better throughreasoning abouthowa 1987. processor's stateofknowledge changes as Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: aresult ofcommunicationand inunder- Algorithm design andanalysis, parallel standing the subtlerelationship between knowledge and probability.

"After solving a challeng- ingproblem, I solveit againfrom scratch, retrac- ing onlythe insightofthe earliersolution. I repeat this until the solution is as clearand direct as I can hopefor. Then I lookfor a generalrulefor attacking similarproblems, that wouldhave led me to approach the givenprob- lem in the most efficient way thefirst time" Robert Floyd Professor " DonaldE. Knuth, FletcherJonesPro- " JohnC. Mitchell, AssistantProfessor, fessor of Computer Science and (by cour- Ph.D. MIT, 1984. tesy) Professor, Electrical Engineering, Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: The- Ph.D. Caltech, 1963. ory ofprogramming languages:seman- Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: tics, type systems, logics ofprograms; Analysis ofalgorithms, programming applications ofmathematicallogic topro- languages, mathematical typography, gramming languages andautomated rea- combinatorialmathematics. Professor soning; algorithms for static analysis of Knuthrecently completed hisresearch on programs. Recent work involves object- applicationsof computer science to orientedlanguage design, algorithms for typography andvice versa, bypublishing inferring types of programs, andcategory- a setoffive volumes thatsummarizes theoreticfoundations ofprogramsyntax theresults ofthis work. Healso recently and semantics. Prof. Mitchellis the completeda textbookonConcrete Mathe- Wallace F andLucille M. Davis Faculty matics, which teaches fundamental Scholar. methods of discretemathematicsthat have proved be important Rajeev Motwani,AssistantProfessor, Leonidas J. Guibas to extremely in " " computer science. Knuth is nowreturn- Ph.D. Berkeley, 1988. ing to work on The Art of Computer Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: Programming, a seriesof books that Design andanalysis of algorithms and summarizeswhat is known about the datastructures with particular emphasis basictechniques of computer science. onparallelism, randomization andprob- abilisticanalysis. Theoretical Effective January 1, 1990,Knuth willbe issues in real-timeand on-line Com- Professor of theArt of Computer computing. Pro- putational and combinatorial geometry gramming. In recognition ofthe unique Studying issuesarising from treating importance ofhis publications to the randomness as aresource, e.g., generat- foundations of computer science, ingrandomness and Knuths role willbeto devote de-randomization essentially of algorithms. all ofhis time towriting the remaining volumes of the widelyacclaimed work " Serge A. Plotkin,AssistantProfessor, having that title.Additionalhonors: Ph.D. M.1.T., 1988. JohnT. GUI 111 California Institute of Technology Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: " Alumnus; Distinguished American Design and analysis ofparallel algo- MathematicalSociety Steele Prize for rithms and datastructures. Theoretical Expository Writing. Awards: W Wallace issues in distributed computation. McDowell; Priestley; lEEE Computer Design ofefficientalgorithms for com- Pioneer;ACM SIGCSE; ACM Software binatorialoptimization problems. Systems; Lester R. Ford, Mathematical Association ofAmerica; twelve honorary degrees, including the Universityof Paris, UniversityofOxford andBrown University

" Zohar Manna, Professor, Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon, 1968. Affiliation: CAT. Research Interests: Mathematical theory ofcomputation, logic of programs, automated deduction, logicprogramming, concurrent programming, artificialintelligence. Theaimof Professor Manna's research is to investigate the logic of programs andtoapply it to programmingpractice. One aspect of this work has been the developmentofa temporal logicfor the specification and verificationof concurrent programs. Another has been the introduction of methods for automated deduction (theorem proving) specially designedfor the automation of the programming process. Anultimate goal is the implementation John C. Mitchell ofa system for the automaticsynthesis " ofprograms.

r? " Vaughan Pratt, Professor andDirector, " MosheY. Vardi, Consulting Associate Foundations of Computer Science Divi- Professor, Ph.D. Hebrew University, 1981. sion, Ph.D. Stanford, 1972. Affiliations: Research Staff Memberat Affiliation: CAT, CIS. Research Interests: theIBMAlmadenResearch Center, CAT. Process specification languages, logics of Research Interests: Database theory, programs, relationalgebras, applications finite-model theory, knowledge theory of universalalgebra andcategorytheory and its applications to distributedsys- Professor Pratt is developing a language tems andartificial intelligence, logic pro- for the specification of concurrent programming, program specification and cesses, addressing both analog anddigi- verification. Acommon themeof his * tal domains, for bothcomputational and research interests is the applicationof noncomputational applications. The logic andautomatatheory to the analysis work is divided into developmentofthe ofcomputer systems. general framework, which draws heavily onmethodsof algebra andlogic, and " Richard Waldinger, Consulting Pro- implementation of computationally fessor, Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon, 1969. Affiliations: CAT, KBMS, Principal Scien- Rajeev Motwani tractablefragments of the framework. Re- " lated work involves relationalgebras and tist, SRI. Research Interests: Deductive closed categories. Pratt'sprevious work approachtoprogramsynthesis andre- has included the developmentofdynamic latedproblems intheoremproving and logic, and the Sun workstation. planning.

" JeffreyD. Ullman,Professor of Compu- terScience and (by courtesy) Electrical Engineering, Ph.D. Princeton, 1966. Affiliation: CAT, CIS, CSL. Research Inter- ests: Databasesand parallelcomputa- tion. Hisdatabase interests center around theuseoflogic as adatabase querylanguage. He is developing a "knowledge-base" system calledNAIL! (Not AnotherImplementation ofLogic! ) Serge A. Plotkin that optimizes logic programs using a " numberof verypowerful, newly discov- ered techniques, suchas "magic sets!' His interests inparallel computation includethe discovery ofnewalgorithms andalgorithm design methodsfor general shared-memory parallel computers, and questions ofwhenproblems are inherentlyunparallelizable.

JeffreyD. Ullman

-v

ra SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING

" George B. Dantzig,Professor of Compu- " JohnG. Herriot, Emeritus Professor, terScience and Operations Research, Ph.D.Brown, 1941. Criley Chair ofTransportation, Ph.D. Research Interests: Numerical analysis. Berkeley, 1946. Professor Herriot is interested inthe Research Interests: Modeling and opti- developmentandtesting ofefficient mization oflarge-scale energysystems, algorithmsfor splineinterpolation. combinatorial mathematics, mathemati- Algorithms for spline interpolation calprogramming. Professor Dantzig has with fairly general end conditions have been active indeveloping the Systems been developed. He is also interested in Optimization Laboratory thatuses as its studying andcomparing methods for ) principal toolsnumerical analysis, ad- numericalsolution ofpartial differen- vanced methods of datahandling, linear tial equations. andnon-linearprogramming, andsys- tematicexperiments comparing algo- " JosephOliger, Professor, Ph.D. rithms on representative models—for Uppsala, 1973. example, energy/economic planning Affiliation: Director, Centerfor Large models.Additionalhonors include: War Scale Scientific Computation (CLaSSiC DepartmentExceptional Civilian Service Project); SCCM. Research Interests: Medal;JohnyonNeumannTheory Prize; Numericalanalysis, numerical methods HarveyPrize inthe field ofscienceand for partial differentialequations. Pro- technology byTechnion, the Israel fessor Oliger'sresearch deals withprob- Institute ofTechnology in Haifa; Silver lemsarising inthe simulationofphysical Medal, the highest honorof the Opera- systems whose behavior is determinedby tionalResearch SocietyofGreat Britain; systems ofpartial differential equations. Fellow ofthe Econometric Societyand Mostof hiswork isdirectedtoward appli- the Institute of MathematicalStatistics; cations inmeteorology, oceanography, AdolphCoors AmericanIngenuityAward, aerodynamics andhydrodynamics. His 1989; GibbsLecturer of 1990, American research involves the construction and Mathematical Society; eight honorary analysis ofalgorithmsfor these problems degrees. and the design andanalysis of computers, systems andlanguages for such " GeneH. Golub,Professor ofComputer large scale scientificcomputations. Science and (by courtesy) Electrical Engineering, and Director, Scientific " VictorL. Pereyra, Consulting Professor, Computing Division, Ph.D. Illinois, Ph.D. Wisconsin, 1967. 1959. Affiliation: Associate, Weidlinger Asso- Affiliation: Chairman, Scientific Com- ciates. Research Interests: Numerical puting and Computational Mathematics algorithms forforward and inverse mod- (SCCM); CIS. Research Interests: Numer- eling wavephenomena, andtheirapplica- ical analysis, mathematical program- tion toenergyresource exploration and ming, statistical computing. Professor exploitation, earthquakeseismology, and Golub'swork has the unifyingtheme of nondestructive inspection ofmaterials. matrixcomputation, withthe aimof devising andanalyzing algorithms for solving numericalproblems thatarise in John G. Herriot scientific and statisticalcomputations. He has been active in developing new numericalmethods which have been in- corporated into manyprogram libraries. Additionalhonors include:ACM/SIGNUM Award forLeadership in NumericalAnaly- \ sis (ForsytheLecturer); SIAM Award for Distinguished Service to theProfession; Honorary Fellow, St. Catherine's College, Oxford; AlumniHonorAwardfor Dis- tinguished Service, UniversityofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign; President of SIAM; Honorary Member: Royal Swedish Academy ofEngineering; four honorary degrees. " JosephOliger 1 !

1 ! " Richard Gabriel, Consulting Associate " Mahadevan Ganapathi, Senior Professor, Ph.D. Stanford, 1981. Research Associate, Department of Affiliation: Chief TechnicalOfficer, Lucid. Electrical Engineering, Ph.D. Wiscon- Research Interests: Prototyping, pro- sin, 1980. gramming andprototyping environ- Research Interests: Programming lan- mentsand languages,parallel Lisp, guages, compiler construction and object-oriented programming, Lisp computerarchitecture. Hisspecific implementation; compilers, portableLisp efforts have beenon the design of inter- systems, portable language implementa- mediaterepresentations, code genera- tions, Lisp performance analysis, parallel tion and code optimization, with addi- computation, andprogramming lan- tionalinterests in the theoryofparsing guagedesign. Gabriel and McCarthy andtranslation, attribute grammars developed the Qlisp dialectofLisp, which andattributed parsing. Related is suitablefor shared memoryparallel research involvesretargetable code gen- processors. Dr. Gabriel is currently erationand peepholeoptimization designing aprototyping environment algorithms. Hisrecent effortsinclude and language. interprocedural analysis andoptimiza- tion, and also compilersforfunctional " AnoopGupta, AssistantProfessor, languages. Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon, 1985. Affiliations: CIS, CSL. Research Interests: " MarkA. Horowitz,AssistantProfessor Design of general-purpose scalable paral- ofElectricalEngineering and (by cour- lel computer architectures— mechanisms tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. Stanford, for cache consistency; ways to reduce 1984. or toleratememorylatency; hardware/ Affiliations: CIS, CSL. Research Interests: software supportfor efficientsynchron- Large scaleintegrated circuit design and ization of processes; designof intercon- fabrication. Hisresearch is focused in nectionnetworks for multiprocessors; threemain areas: digital circuit design, understanding therole of locality Profes- design methodology, andcomputeraided sor Gupta's research groupis currently design. Professor Horowitzis currently building a scalabledirectory-based working ondeveloping newcomputer shared-memory multiprocessor using tools and circuit techniques for veryhigh " MarkA. Horowitz veryhighperformance individual nodes. performance digital systems. Inthe software area, he is working on multiprocessor scheduling and resource " MonicaS. Lam, AssistantProfessor allocationissues andonthe design ofa ofComputer Science, Ph.D. Carnegie concurrent object-oriented programming Mellon University, 1987. language. Inthe applications area, he is Affiliations: CSL, CIS. Research Interests: studyingparallelism in various applica- Professor Lam's research interests are in tions inVLSI, CADandAI domains. The parallel architectures and compilers. Her applicationswork isalso usedfor evaluat- currentresearch focus istobuildacom- ing theirhardware andsoftware efforts. pilerthatexploits multi-grain parallelism: instructionlevel in microprocessors, " JohnL. Hennessy, WillardR. and Inez loop level parallelism across multipro- Kerr BellProfessor ofEngineering, Pro- cessors, and the macro task queuelevel. fessor of Computer Science and Electri- She wasoneofthe chief architects for cal Engineering, andDirector, Systems the CMUWarp andiWarp systolic arrays. " Monica S. Lam Division, Ph.D. StonyBrook, 1977. She wasalso responsible for the super- Affiliations: DirectorofCSL, CIS. scalar code scheduling techniques used Research Interests: computer architec- inthe optimizing compilers for these ture, compilertechnology, VLSI technol- machines. ogy Professor Hennessy is interested in the relationship between programming languages andcomputer architecture; he hasexploredthe interactionof programming languages withthe design andVLSI implementationof instruction setarchi- tectures. He has done research incom- piler design and optimization, including work onsymbolic debuggingandnew optimization algorithms (e.g., register allocation andinstruction scheduling). His currentworkfocuses oncompiler sys- temsfor multiprocessors and veryhigh performance architectures.

" " MarkLinton,AssistantProfessor of " Stephen F. Lundstrom, Consulting ElectricalEngineering and (by cour- Associate Professor ofElectrical Engi- tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. Berkeley, neering, Ph.D. TexasA&M, 1977. 1983. Affiliations: PARSA (Parallel systems and Affiliations: CIS, CSL. Research Interests: applications consultant), CSL. Research Professor Linton is interested insoftware Interests: High-performance computing toolsfor building interactive applica- systems, system developmentenviron- tions. Over thepast severalyears, his mentsand tools; system modeling and group has builtanexperimentalsoftware simulation; system performance pro- system, calledInterviews, thatprovides jectionand analysis; human interface to userinterface objects suchas scroll bars, high-performance systems. menus, text, andstructured graphics, and mechanismsfor combining objects " Edward J. McCluskey, Professor of into higher-level interfaces. His current Computer Science andElectrical Engi- work isin extending andevolving Inter- neering, Sc.D. MIT, 1956. Views tosupportadvanceduser interface Affiliations: Director, CenterforReliable Computing, CIS, CSL. Research Inter- Teresa Meng technologies, suchas 3D, animation " and video, as wellas integrating program- ests: Computer design—especially the ming toolssuchas editors, compilers, design ofreliablecomputers andmanu- and debuggers intoa "fast turnaround" facturing test. Currentprojects include: programming environmentfor com- experimentaland theoretical studies of piled languages suchas C+ + . Linton's thecharacteristics oftemporaryfailures approachcombines incremental andtheir effects onsystem operation, algorithms andadistributed, object- investigations ofthe adequacy ofsingle- orienteddesign. stuckfault test setsfor otherclasses of faults suchas multiple-stuckandbridg- " Ruby B. Lee, Consulting Associate Pro- ing, the use ofexpertsystem techniques fessor ofElectrical Engineering, Ph.D. inautomating the design of testable Stanford, 1980. circuits, techniques for concurrent Affiliations: Hewlett-Packard, CIS, CSL. checking ofsystem operation, and Research Interests: Computer archi- built-in self-test designs. Past president tectureand design, especiallyparallel ofthe lEEEComputer Society, Professor architectures, superscalar andmul- McCluskeyreceived thefirst lEEE Com- tiop organizations, specialpurpose puter Society TechnicalAchievement coprocessor architectures for graphics Award in Testing. andtransaction processing, multiprocessor optimizations, comparative " Teresa Meng, AssistantProfessor of architecture analysis, innovative input- Electrical Engineering and (by cour- output organizations, cooperative com- tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. U.C. puting environments andVLSI design Berkeley, 1988 enhancements. She wasaprincipal Affiliations: CSL, CIS. Research Interests architectof the PrecisionArchitecture Digital signal processing, parallelalgo- (PARISC, formerly known as Spectrum), rithms, adaptive systems, andasyn- and of CMOSVLSI processors imple- chronous computation. Herresearch menting PARISC. activities include design environments for real-time system development, fault " David Luckham, Professor (Research) tolerance, asynchronous logic synthesis ofElectrical Engineering, Ph.D. MIT, andcircuit design, interactivevideo sig- 1963. nal processing, andsoftware and hard- "Even with allthe Affiliations: CIS,CSL. Research Interests: ware design of digital signal processing advanced technology Design ofprototypinglanguages for large andcommunications systems. we haveat ourfingertips, distributed time-critical systems con- Istill say, thank taining hardware and software compo- Godfor nents; specification languages for parallel a goodsecretary. " programs; automated tools supporting applications of specifications tosystems Edward J.McCluskey development; programverification; formal methodsin software development; Professor ofElectrical automated theoremproving. Engineering and Com- puterScience " William F. Miller,Professor of Computer " FouadTobagi, Professor ofElectrical Science and PublicandPrivate Manage- Engineering and (by courtesy) Compu- ment, Graduate School ofBusiness, terScience, Ph.D. UCLA, 1974. Ph.D. Purdue, 1956. Affiliations: CSL, CIS, Stanford Center Affiliations: President and CEO, SRI; for Telecommunications.Research Inter- Chairman and CEO, SRIDevelopment ests: Telecommunicationsnetworks, Company; Chairmanand CEO, David computernetworks, andpacket radio. Sarnoff Research Center. Research Inter- Professor Tobagi is currently investigat- ests: Computer systems design, software ing issues related to high speednetworks systems, strategicplanning and man- andbroadband integrated services digi- agement, and economic technological talnetworks. He is involved inthe design development. and implementationoffast packet switches, high speednetwork interfaces, " Susan Owicki, Consulting Professor, andnetwork operational protocols. Computer Science and Electrical Engi- neering, Ph.D. Cornell, 1975. " David M. Ungar,AssistantProfessor of William F.Miller Affiliations: Member,Research Staff, Digi- Electrical Engineering and (by cour- talEquipment Corporation, CIS, CSL. tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. Berkeley, Research Interests: Performance analy- 1986. sis, parallelanddistributed systems. Affiliations: CIS, CSL.Research Interests; Professor Owicki'sprimary research Object-oriented exploratory program- interestis the analysis ofperformance in ming languages and environments. Pro- concurrent systems. This includes mea- fessor Ungar is acodesigner ofSelf, anew surement toolsfor multiprocessorand object-oriented programming language distributed systems, measurement of basedon prototypes. His research group particular systems, andanalytic model- is developing newimplementation tech- ing. She is also interested inthe design, niques to narrow theperformance gap specification, andverification ofcon- between traditionallanguages and currentprograms, particularly forfault- dynamically-typed, object-oriented lan- toleranceand distributedsystems. guages. Their Self system runs twiceas fast as other similarlanguages. His long- " BrianK. Reid, Consulting Professor, term research goal istomake iteasier " FouadTobagi Computer Science, Ph.D. Carnegie- towrite software bycombining advances Mellon, 1980. in language design, implementation Affiliations: Member,Research Staff, techniques, human-computer inter- DigitalEquipment Corporation, CSL. action, andvideo technology Research Interests: Application of programming language techniques to "appli- " JohnF. Wakerly, Consulting Associate cationsareas." One sucharea is the Professor ofElectricalEngineering, automationof manufacturing processes; Ph.D. Stanford, 1973. byrepresenting the manufacturing pro- Affiliations: CSL, MicroDesign cess as a program in somespecialized Resources, Inc. Research Interests: Tele- language withappropriate abstraction communicationsswitching, local area powers, the actualmanufacture can be network transport andtopology, compu- controlled by "executing" that program ter architecture, structured logic design, on aninterpreterable tooperatethe and reliable digital system design. machinery. He was previously involved Wakerly is the authorof several textbooks David M. Ungar in the design andimplementation ofthe in computerengineering, acontributing " Scribe documentpreparation system, editor ofMicroprocessorReport, andaco- which appliesprogramming language founder ofDavid Systems, Inc. techniques to the areaof documentpreparation; he is also working on the archi- tectureofdigital raster printersfor document preparation, graphics, and other applications. " DanielWeise, AssistantProfessor of " Arthur M. Keller, Research Associate, Electrical Engineering and (by cour- Ph.D. Stanford, 1985. tesy) Computer Science, Ph.D. MIT, Affiliation: KBMS, Adjunct Assistant 1986. Professor, TheUniversityof Texas at Affiliations: CIS, CSL. Research Interests: Austin. Research Interests: Database Functionalprogramming, electrical level implementation, databases onparallel circuitsimulation,partial evaluators, computers, autonomous distributed architecture, compilers, parallel proces- databases, views including updates, sing, programming languagedesign, incomplete information andnulls, CAD.Professor Weise's mainresearch object orientedsystems, knowledge project investigates using newcompiler basesystems, logic databases. Dr. Keller techniques for speeding up large scale is currently developing amodular data- scientific computation. Thisresearch basesystem inAdathat includes multi- usespartial evaluation ofprograms on ple interfaces at multiple levels as wellas symbolically describeddatasets toopti- support for databasesecurity andinteg- mizeaway atcompile timemanyof the rity Thissystem isbeing used as the Daniel Weise controlconstructs present inthe pro- framework for parallel anddistributed " gram. This technique canparallelize code database research andwill beatestbed for multipleprocessors much more easily for research indata managementtech- andeffectively than othermethods. This niques for knowledge basesystems research is being conductedfor the andlogic databases. domainof electricallevel circuitsimulation. Professor Weise is also supervising research into themerging offunctional andlogicprogramming languages, and into the automatic synthesis ofdigital systems.

" GioWiederhold,Professor (Research) of Computer Science and Medicine and (by courtesy) Electrical Engineering, Ph.D. U.C. San Francisco, 1976. " GioWiederhold Affiliations: Principal, KBMS Group, CIS, CSL, CIFE. Research Interests: Concep- tual databasemodelsfor design ofcen- tralized, distributed, andautonomous databases; object modelsfor multi-user database queryandupdate processing interfaces; thedevelopmentofknowledge- based techniques toovercome hardprob- lemsin database management, query andupdate; the managementof the large knowledge-bases whichare needed to support comprehensive information sys- temsfor planning and design support; algorithms andsoftware toexploit mod- ernhardware technology for such systems; and the further development of several medicalengineering, andplan- ning support databaseprojects.

$■ COMPUTER SYSTEMSLABORATORY

nder the directionofProfessor JohnHennessy, the Computer SystemsLaboratory (CSL) at StanfordUniversity is committedto the ad- vancement of computer systems designand architecture. Operating under the auspices ofthe Departments ofComputerScience and ElectricalEngineering, thisteaching and research laboratory combineswithin a single organizationsuchbroadbutrelated topicsas hardwaredesign, software research, operatingsystems, database management, compiler techniques, and graphics. Unlike a traditionalcomputing environ- mentin whichhardwareand softwareissues are segregated, in the ComputerSystems Laboratory these issues are treated in an integratedfashion. Programs atCSLreflect the evolution ofpast innovation into new areas ofinterest. Established in 1968as the DigitalResearch Labora- tory, the laboratoryoriginallyfocused on integrating computer issues addressed bythe Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mathematics Departments. Early research concentrated on hardware design and architecture. This workbranchedinto experimen- tation with programming languages and related methodologies. Further research evolved to encompass issues ofdistributed systems and the networking oflarge operating systems. Currently, research in the Computer Systems Laboratory incorporates databaseman- agement system architectureand design that take advantage ofthe growth ofdistributed andparallel computing environments. The laboratoryis alsoexploring compilerand languagetechniques for improvedperformance inparallel computing environments and the emergingfieldofcomputer graphics. CSL is internationallyrecognized for its excellence. Faculty, re- searchstaff, and students arewidelyknown for theirleadership in shapingthe directionofresearch: their ideasfuelnew trends inthe organization, design, anduse of computers. Visitingresearchers from nearbyindustry encourage the laboratoryto focus withpartic- ular attention onthe needs ofcurrent technology For students, CSL providesa specialopportunityto learnfrom professors who set industrystandards in computer systems research, andto workwith investigators from nearby industrialandresearch institutions. RESEARCH AREAS " Database Research: TheKnowledge- based Management Systems group " HardwareDesign andArchitecture: (KBMS) usesartificial intelligence tech- TheVLSI SystemsandDesign groupis niques to study the improvement, usa- activelyinvolvedin the studyofnewVLSI bility, relevance, and efficiency of large architecture, including VLSI design auto- databases. Currentresearch, which mation and the improvementof multi- focuses on the structuring ofdata and processors. Other hardwareresearch the supporting knowledge, has produced includes: exciting new applications in engineering " Automatic verificationoffinite state andmedicaldatabases. TheKBMS group concurrent systems. also addresses howsystems maybe oper- " Automatic synthesis ofasynchronous atedonmultiple computers and how circuitsfrom high levelspecifications. information maybe provided todistinct " Large-scale integrated circuit design user classes. Some current areas of andfabrication. research include: " Design of large-scale shared-memory " Advanced database development multiprocessors thataddress the prob- withinAda andnew approachestodata- lemof coherent caches. base implementation. " Query processing and semantic query " Programming Languages and Meth- optimization used inmedicaldatabases. odologies: The Program Analysis and " Database management systems archi- Verification groupis largely devotedto tecture designed for the evolutionary developing newprogramming languages growthof modularDBMS. for parallelprocessing, specification languages, and advancedprogramming " Compilers: Growth inthe area ofcom- tools. Currentresearch environment pilers for computing andfor parallel com- also includes: puting producedMIPS— a groupthat " Expanded usesof C+ + that aidin the investigates issues dealing withparallel building oflarge object-oriented soft- processing, programming, andcomput- systems. ware ing. The result of thisresearch is acom- " Investigation of an incremental com- pilerthatseeks outparallelism atall pilation and debugging environment . levels— instruction, loop, andtask levels we are to advance our forC++ —providing a stable, high-performance "If New methods of and computer systems, hard- " testing debug- environmentforlarge sets of applica- gingsoftware using high-level, formal tions, particularly important for large- wareresearch and specifications. soft- scaleparallel systems. Further research wareresearch cannot be includes: separated." DistributedSystems, Networks, and " " Compiled electrical simulationtopro- OperatingSystems: TheDistributed Sys- duce simulationprograms. JohnL. Hennessy tems and the Communications Network- " Smart compiler techniques thatpro- ing groupsareparticularly interested in videprogrammers withinformation WillardR. and InezKen- high speedfiber optics communications neededfor managing parallelism. Bell Professor ofEngi- andpacket radioandsatellite networks. " Efficientcompilers thatgenerate code neering, Professor of Other areas ofresearch include: intoprograms thatcanrun more quickly ComputerScience and " VLSI implementationof network functions. Graphics:Research in the Computer Engineering, " Electrical " Performance evaluationby mathe- SystemsLaboratory hasprovided the Director, ComputerSys- maticalmodeling andcomputer groundworkfor more intuitive andre- temsLaboratory simulation. sponsive graphics. For example, algorithms used in creating graphics and the industry-wide use ofwindows bothhave roots in CSL research. Futurework will focus, inparticular, onintegrating graphics withvideo and graphics for KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS LABORATORY KSL, an artificial intelligenceresearch laboratory, concentrates on knowledge-basedexpert systems, those thatuse symbolicreasoning and heuristicproblem-solvingprocesses. Advances inAI research areas include the understanding ofknowledge representation, methods for problem solving, learning and discoveryprocesses, andknowledge engineering, or methods for buildingexpert systems. The laboratoryapproach involves designing,building, and experiment- ingwithprograms that serve to test underlying theories.

"The hard workofthe farmer was revolutionized by agricultural machinery. The labour ofthe industrialworker was revolutionized by enginesandheavy machinery. As we movetoward thepost- industrialperiod ofthe 21stcentury, as work be- comes increasinglythe work ofprofessionals andknowledge workers, thepowertools are digital computers. Theeco- nomicandsocial well- being ofthe advanced societies increasingly is theresult ofworking 'smarter' rather than working 'harder, ' and computers are the agents ofthat change. Knowledge ispower in human affairs, and knowledge systems are amplifiers ofhuman cognition."

Edward A. Feigenbaum Professor

Photo by Carolyn Caddes Research issuesconcernthe computer The KSL, directed by Thomas C. representationanduse of diverseknowl- Rindfleisch, includes three research edge, bothfactual andheuristic(orjudg- groupswhich are broadly concerned mental). Specific questions, which have with experimentalresearch onartificial guidedKSL since the 19605,are central intelligence: to allitsAI research: " TheHeuristicProgramming Project Howcan Knowledge representation: (HPP), EdwardA. Feigenbaum, Scien- the necessaryfor knowledge complex tificDirector; Robert S. Engelmore, problem solving berepresented forits ExecutiveDirector; Barbara Hayes- mosteffective usein automatic inference Roth, H. Penny Nii, YumiIwasaki and canheuristicknowledge processes? How Thomas Gruber,Research Group many years gainedfrom of experience, Leaders. Research areasincludeknowl- withitsinherent and vagueness uncer- edge representation, modeling ofphysi- tainty, berepresentedandappliedalong cal devices, model-basedreasoning, with rigorous domain theories? more knowledge base constructionfor sci- Knowledge acquisition: knowl- Howis ence andengineering knowledge, adap- acquired efficiently— whether edge most tiveintelligent systems, andknowledge- from textbooks, observation, experts, basedsoftware design. experience, by discovery? Howcana or The Medical Computer Science Group program discover and " inconsistency (MCS), Edward H. Shortliffe,Scientific incompleteness knowledge base? in its Director; Lawrence M. Fagan, Associate Howcanknowledge be addedwithout Director; MarkA. Musen, Assistant Pro- perturbing the establishedknowledge fessor; GregoryF. Cooper, Research baseunnecessarily? Associate. Research areas include dcci Use ofknowledge: By what inference sion making, uncertainreasoning, methods ofdiverseknowl- cansources knowledge acquisition, planning, and edge bemade to contributejointly and human/machine interfaces. efficiently toward solutions? Howcan TheSymbolic Systems Resources be used espe- " knowledge intelligently, Group, Thomas C. Rindfleisch, Scien- in with cially systems largeknowledge tificDirector; Richard Acuff, Christo- bases, appro- so thatitsapplication is pherLane, NicholasVeizades, and priate andtimely? William J. Yeager, Research Group Explanation: Howcan the knowledge Leaders. Research areas include dis- base andline ofreasoning usedtosolve a tributedsystems forAI research and particular problem beexplained tousers? the managementand development of What constitutes anacceptableexplana- the nationalSUMEX-AIM resourcefor tionfor differentusers? AI research in biomedicine. Systemarchitectures: Whatkinds of "The emergence cf medi- software tools and system architectures cal informatics as a new can be builtto more easily implement discipline is due in large expertprogramswithgreater complexity part to advancesin com- andhigher performance? What kinds puting of systems can serve as vehiclesfor the andcommunica- cumulation ofknowledge of the field for tions technology, to an researchers? increasing awareness Uncertain reasoning: Howare the thattheknowledge base uncertaintiesin humanproblem solving ofmedicine is essen- best represented andmanipulatedin tially unmanageable by intelligent systems? Howshouldvalue modelsbe constructedandused? How traditionalpaper-based canAI bestdrawupon andadaptthe clas- methods, and to agrow- sical decisionsciences? ing convictionthatthe process ofexpert deci- sion making isas important to modern bio- medicineas is thefact baseon which clinical decisionsorresearch plans are made."

Edward H. Shortliffe AssociateProfessor of Medicine and(by courtesy) ComputerScience THEROBOTICS LABORATORY The RoboticsLaboratory is descendedfrom the famous Stanford Hand-EyeProject launchedin the mid-sixties byStanford'sArtificial IntelligenceLaboratory Robotics, afield that blendsaction, perception andreasoning, is an independentscientific domain. It is alsoa majorsource ofinspira- tion and applicationfor many disciplines, including computerscience, artificialintelligence, mechanicalengineering, automatic control, and materials science. Research attheRobotics Laboratory includes core topics: manipulation, navigation, vision, tactile sensingandreasoning. The goalis to makerobots both autonomous and dexterous, to increase the self- sufficiency ofexistingrobots, andto enable them to accomplishvery delicatetasks. Research aimedat makingrobots more autonomousfocuses on vision and image understanding (stereo-vision, motionvision, model-basedvision), planning(motion planning and taskplanning), reasoning, geometrical modeling and navigation. Research aimed atmakingrobots more dexterous concentrates on high-level manipulation control includingforce-based control, dexterous hands design andcontrol, andforce and tactile sensing. The laboratory in intelligenceon Jean-ClaudeLatombe also conductsresearch artificial " topics thatare extremelyimportantto the future ofRobotics, e.g. , multi-agentreasoning and temporalreasoning. TheRobotics Laboratory, which is directed by Professor Jean- ClaudeLatombe, cooperateswith othergroups inComputer Science and with otherdepartments onvariouslarge scale projects: inte- gratedplanning and control of spacerobots (withAeronautics and Astronautics), designand construction ofa new generation of manipulatorarm for mechanical assembly(with MechanicalEngi- neering), concurrent design ofa product and its manufacturing process (with MechanicalEngineering), applicationofrobotics to theconstruction industry(with CivilEngineering), developmentofa large model-basedvision system, office automationwithmanyrobots. TheRobotics Laboratory also participates in the Stanford Institute for Manufacturing andAutomation (SIMA), theCenterfor Integrated Systems (CIS) andtheCenterfor Integrated FacilityEngineering (CIFE).

" Thomas Binford CENTER FORALGORITHMIC THEORY The CenterforAlgorithmic Theoryconsists offaculty and staff drawn mainlyfrom ComputerScience, Mathematics, and Operations Research. The Center'sprincipal emphasis is ontheoretical aspects ofcomputation. Typicalareas ofinterestto the Centerinclude design and analysis ofalgorithms, computationalgeometry, parallelpro- gramming, optimization, number theory, theory ofprogramming, languages, logics ofprograms, typetheory, and concurrencytheory

"In 1847Boole electrified logicby adaptingthe laws ofarithmetic to improve on Aristotle's logic.But neither he norßabbage thought of electrifying arithmetic withBoolean logic. That tooka hundredyears, a thousandvacuum tubes, twenty kilowatts, anda Yon Neumann" VaughanPratt Professor andDirector, Foundations of ComputerScience Division.

i Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) CIFE, an interdisciplinary organization under the direction of Professor Paul Teicholz, is an industry affiliate program directed towards the problems ofthe architecture, engineering and construction (A/E/C) industry. Its goalis to develop computer-based tools that will permit improved integrationand automation of the design,construction andfacility managementprocess. In addition, it is study- ingthe managementissues that arerelevant for the planning and implementation ofnew technologyin this industry. Majorresearch thrusts include: applicationofAI techniques to all aspects ofthe facility life cycle, developmentof database capabilities thatwillpermit distribution, control, modeling, and use ofproject dataandknowledge byall members ofthe project team, graphicuser interfaces for engineers and architects, robotics andfield automation, andmanagementof technology CIFEresearchers primarilyincludefaculty and graduate students from the Departments ofComputer Science and CivilEngineering, and Visiting Fellows from organizationsthat are members ofthe Center. Computer hardware and softwarenecessaryfor the research program isprovided inthe CIFE laboratory

S Center for IntegratedSystems(CIS) CIS, apartnership ofgovernment, industryand the University, has become anationalresource for basic research in developmentand applicationofintegratedcomputer systems. Professor JohnLinvill directs theCenter, whichhas more than 80 affiliatedfaculty repre- sentingthe Departments ofAeronautics andAstronautics,Applied Physics, ComputerScience, ChemicalEngineering, ElectricalEngi- neering, Materials Sciences andEngineering, MechanicalEngineer- ing, Political Science, the Graduate School ofBusiness, and the School ofHumanities and Sciences. Semiconductor technologymakes possible improvedperformance and cost advantages for computer and communications systems byapplying designandmanufacturing methods and tools. In turn, these systems are appliedtoresearch in semiconductortechnology and creation ofautomation systems thatimprove efficiency andpro- ductivity indesignand manufacturing. Thisintegration is thebasis ofCIS programs.

Center for Large Scale ScientificComputation (CLaSSiC Project) The CLaSSiC Project, directed byProfessor JosephOliger, is an interdisciplinaryproject for the development ofcomputationalfacili- ties for large scale scientificproblems. Faculty, research associates, post doctoral scholars and doctoral studentsfrom Computer Science, Mathematics, andChemical, Civil and MechanicalEngineering are currently involved in CLaSSiCresearch. The Project is focused upon theproblem ofsimulatingfluid flows for engineeringandgeophysical applications involvinglocally isolated singularfeatures such as fronts and boundarylayers, turbulence and complicatedgeometries. TheProject is concerned with the system issuerelating allofthe sub- tasksrequired to carryout these simulations: problem formulation, design of discrete approximate models, language developmentfor algorithm descriptionand user interfaces, and hardware designfor large scientificproblems. Currentresearch focuses upon the description of complicated geometries and theuser interface, adaptive numerical methods for several different classes ofproblems, theoretical estimatesofutilizableparallelism inproblems governedbypartial differential equationsand language constructs anddata structures for the efficient implementation ofparallel algorithms. Scientific Computing andComputational Mathematics (SCCM)

Scientific Computing and ComputationalMathematics (SCCM) is aprogram created to address the need in industry, government and universities for scientiststo combine modern computing technology with applicable mathematics. The adventof supercomputersand ofnovelcomputer architectures has made the training ofstudents in this area urgent. An interdisciplinaryprogram under the chairmanship ofProf. Gene Golub, SCCM includes faculty in ChemicalEngineering, Com- puter Science, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Mechanical Engineering. Theywillfocus on the interplayofparallel computation and scientificcomputation; numericalalgorithm development; analysis (including numericallinearalgebra); softwaresystems; and applications, especially computationalfluid mechanics.

Stanford Institutefor Manufacturing andAutomation (SIMA) SIMA, an interdisciplinaryorganization, reporting to theDean of the SchoolofEngineering, iscomprised offour centers offocused expertise and excellence: the Center for TeachingandResearch in Integrated ManufacturingSystems (CTRIMS); the Center forAuto- mation and Manufacturing Sciences(CAMS); theCenterfor Design Research (CDR); and the Center for Materials Formability and Processing Science (CMFPS). Affiliatedfacultyrepresent the depart- mentsofAeronauticsandAstronautics, ComputerScience, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering andEngineering Management, Materials ScienceEngineering, and MechanicalEngineering. SIMAfocuses research and teachingon issues inmanufacturing and automation. The designprocess, the forming and processing of innovative materials, automation,robotics and manufacturing systems managementare areas ofparticular interest. SIMA's endprod- ucts are graduates,research results and educationalactivities. Center for the StudyofLanguage andInformation

At CSLI, computer scientists, linguists, logicians,philosophers, psychologists, and artificial intelligenceresearchers collaborateto build theories aboutthe nature ofinformation and howit is con- veyed, processed, stored, and transformedbyagents through the use ofnatural andcomputer languages. CSLI theoriesreflect thereality that information exchange happens inparticular situations which in themselves contribute to the exchange and that the agents, both human andcomputer, areresource-bounded. CSLFs goal is to develop and apply theories ofinformation—explicit, systematic, and at least as rich as our implicit understanding—to an analysis oflanguageas intelligent action. Researchers are examiningtheories ofmeaning from philosophy, theories ofrational action and decisionmaking from philosophy and artificial intelligence, theories ofinferenceand reasoning from logic and psychology, theories ofgrammatical structure from linguistics, detailedprograms (large but lesscomplex units of discoursethannaturallanguage) from computer science, and the applicationofconnectionistmodelsto information processing. The directorship ofCSLI is rotated among the researchers; the current director is Professor Stanley Peters.

The Computer Science Department operates several large computer systems for research, education, and administration. These machines, together with many smallerresearch computers, are connected to SUNnet, the university-wideEthernet system andto thenationwide NSF/ARPAnetresearch network. The larger systems includea newDigital Equipment Corporation VAX5400running ULTRIX, aSun Microsystems 4/390 Spare Server running SUN OS 4.0, and a CYDRA5 used principallybythe faculty andstudents working with numerical analysis. Other equipment includesa DEC VAX 3600, two Sun fileservers, andan Alliant FX/8, an 8processor system usedfor research in parallel computation. Individualresearch groups operate avariety ofequipment devotedto their specific interests. These machines include 30 MicroVax lis, 10 VAXStation 2000, 20 VAXStation 3100's, 30 Sun 3's, 20 Symbolics workstations, 50 XeroxLisp workstations, 30Apple Macintosh IPs, 3 NeXTmachines, and aVAX 8350. The department also operates 20 laser printers, an Autologic 5 pho- totypesetter, and extensive communications equipment. STUDENT LIFE

tudents performan activerole in the operationof the department. Students arerepresented bystu- dentmembers on almost all ofthe departmental committees includingadmissions,faculty search, and curriculum. Two students act as overall studentrepresentatives to the faculty and, in that v capacity, attend faculty meetings. They are one channelto present student concerns to the faculty, and they can helpresolve individualproblems. Studentsrun a number ofactivities that enhance departmentlife. Informal colloquiaare organizedfor the presentationofstudentre- search. The social committee organizes severalsocial activities for the department throughout the year, including departmentalpot- lucks and a springpicnic. On Fridays, there isa TGIForganized by students, and it is often followedbyavolleyball game. The SanFrancisco SymphonyCoop was organizedto provide an inexpensive alternative tobuying afull season series of concerts. A number ofstudent season tickets arepurchased. The list ofconcerts is postedonline. Those students wishing toparticipate inthe coop indicate which programs theywish to attend, and weight their choices. Each participant maynotreceive tickets to every desired performance, but the philosophy is to provide some inexpensive clas- sicalmusic to some peoplewho are not extraordinarily choosyabout what they hear. Alternatively, participants mayorder afull series of concerts at the studentrate, orpurchase a single (full-priced) ticket for anyconcert. Extra tickets are advertisedto all coop membersvia electronic mail. Rides maybe arranged, and the evening occasionally includes dinnerin town. There is also a somewhat smaller-scaleOpera Coop. There are no student discountsfor series tickets, so the demand is not as high. The OperaCoop meets for dinnerbefore everyoperato commence an enjoyable evening inSan Francisco. New students are strongly encouraged tojointhis group, usingthe "student-rush" discount which is availableon the night ifthe operahas not sold out. Intramural sportsare playedbymany members ofthe department. There is a student coordinatorwho organizesthe department's teams. Volleyball and softballare two popular sports. Two awards are granted yearly by the department. The George E. Forsythe MemorialAward, established in honorofthe founder ofthe department, is awarded annuallyto graduate students makingthe outstanding contributionto teaching in the department. The Com- puter Science StudentService Award is giventorecognize extraordi- naryservice to the department. Stanford won the 1987Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) National ScholasticProgramming Contest heldin St. Louis. The Stanfordteam wasone offourteams to solve all eight ofthe programming problems presented but did soin lesstime than anyother team. For theirefforts, theywere presentedwith an AppleMacintosh system, aTandyPC-compatible system, a $1000 scholarship, and a trophy Stanford alsotook first place in 1985.

51 The StanfordComputerForum peratingfor overtwo decades, theStanford ual copies, as well as acompletebibliography, maybe purchased, in Computer Forum is acooperativeventure of the eitherhardcopy or microfiche, by the public. University libraries Computer Science Department, theComputer are encouraged to subscribefor anominal annualsubscriptionfee. SystemsLaboratory and over eighty industrial Current report abstracts are mailed, atno charge, tointerested affiliate membercompanies. The Forum pro- readers ona quarterly basis. videsamechanismfor developing personal con- Forfurther information, please contact: tacts betweenindustrial researchers andtheir Taleen Nazarian ad- academiccounterparts, promoting the exchange ofthe most PublicationsCoordinator vanced technicalideas between Stanfordandindustry Itacquaints Computer Science Department and the Stanfordcomputercommunity withthe special interests Stanford University indus- concerns of industry andintroducesStanford studentsto Stanford, CA94305-2140 tries andtheirproblems involving computertheory andtechnology TheForum is also importanttoStanford as asource of signifi- Western Institutein Computer Science cantfunding. Membership contributionshelp foster innovationin Stanford'scomputer scienceandengineering programs. A healthy, Since 1980Western Institute inComputer Science (WICS) has vigorous industrialaffiliates program is crucial to the vitality ofthe organized andadministered advancedtrainingfor professional activitiesofthe Computer Science Department and the Computer computer scientists eachsummerin conjunction withthe Depart- SystemsLaboratory. ment of Computer Science. Thecourses are intensive five-daypro- Membership inthe Stanford ComputerForum is opentocorpora- grams designed to giveattendeesan immediately useful increment tionswithstrong interests incomputing— corporations thatwould ofknowledge andskill intopics ofparticular interest tothe compu- both benefit from and contribute to this technical interchange. terindustry Theyrepresent new trendsandnewresearch concepts TheForum offersfacilitated access to the resources of CSDand inaddition to aseriesof "core courses," which covertopics involv- CSL. Benefits tocompanies include:faculty liaison;research re- ing essentialskills and basic concepts. Well over 3,000 students ports; annual meeting; studentrecruiting; Computer Forum Video from industry, government, andacademic institutionsfrom the Journal; industrial scholarprogram. UnitedStates, Canada, EuropeandAsia haveparticipated in these Thecorporate membership fee is$15,000 per year. Because bene- courses. fits are fully realizedthrough continuedassociation, organi- more Forfurther information, contact: are strongly encouraged toregard membership as along- zations Western Institute in Computer Science (WICS) term commitment. The contributionrepresents an investmentin P. O. Box 1238 scienceand programat Stanford, astrongcomputer engineering Magalia,CA 95954 andprovides anopportunity towatch that program continueits leadership inthe computing community StanfordInstructional Television Network Aspecial membership is availablefor smallbusinesses withfewer thanfive hundred employees. Thefee is$10,000, andthere is apro- For 20years, industry andStanford University have joined in a portionalreduction inbenefits. unique partnership. By livetelevision or videotape, engineers and scientists have toworld-renownedfaculty andcan pursue further information, contact: access For theireducationwhilemaintaining full employment. Thiscontin- Carolyn Tajnai uing education opportunity gives companies a competitive edge Director, Stanford Computer Forum andretaining top engineering talent. TheStanford ERL4SO in attracting TelevisionNetwork (SITN) brings School ofEngineer- Stanford University Instructional classes to than 200 corporate sites. SITN studentsview Stanford, CA ing more 94305-4055 the livebroadcast videotape, andparticipate in class discussion phone: (415)723-3550 or through an interactive talkbacksystem. Stanfordfurnishes course fax: (415)725-7398 materials andtechnicalsupport. Practicing engineers may enroll in a master's degree program inAero/Astro, Civil Engineering, Fellowships Computer Science,Electrical Engineering, Engineering-Economics Industrial MechanicalEngineering and By awarding fellowships, industry is providing encouragement Systems, Engineering, be takenfor a gradeforfuture credittobe andrecognition toourcomputer science studentsandmaking a other areas.Courses can Stanford, foruse a certificate program,or for significant contributiontohigher education. We wish to acknowl- used ifadmittedto in institution; classes can beaudited simply tokeep edge the following companiesfor theircontinuedsupport: AT&T use in another or currentwithtoday's fast-moving developmentsin industry BellLaboratories, Bell CommunicationsResearch, CrayResearch, programis availablefor non-matriculatedstudents Inc., Digital EquipmentCorporation, GTE Foundation, IBM, A certificate in of electricalengineering orcomputer science. Olivetti, Shell Foundation, Xerox. specialized areas Selected courses in engineering and science areavailable ontape for licensing to SITN members and nonmembers, bothdomestic Publications and international. TheComputer Science Department publishes itsown series of Forfurther information, contact: technicalreports, detailing research donebyfaculty members, Carolyn Schultz research associates, and graduate students. Thesepublications Stanford InstructionalTelevision Network contributesignificantly to the highreputation ofthe department. Stanford University Approximately 75 newreports areproduced eachyear. Stanford, CA 94305-4036 Thecollection, beginning withreports dating back to 1963,now TEL: (415)725-3000 numbersjustover 1300titles. Depending upon availability, individ- FAX: (415)725-2868 ■ FACULTY Bigelow, Charles A. Consulting Faculty Binford, Thomas Cheriton, David R. Allison,DennisR. (AAAI) AmericanAssociationforArtificial Intelligence Dantzig, GeorgeB. Baskett, Forest (ACM) Association for Computing Machinery De Micheli, Giovanni Cypher, Robert (AI) Artificial Intelligence Dill, David L. Delagi, Bruce A. (CAD) ComputerAssisted/Aided Design Feigenbaum, Edward A. Gabriel,Richard (CAT) CenterforAlgorithmic Theory Floyd, Robert W. Halpern, Joseph (CIFE) Centerfor IntegratedFacility Engineering Flynn, Michael J. Hayes, Patrick (CIS) Centerfor Integrated Systems Genesereth, MichaelR. Ketonen, Jussi (CLaSSiC) Centerfor Large Scale Scientific Computation Gill, JohnT Lenat, Douglas B. (CMOS) Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Goldberg, AndrewV. Lee,Rubyß. (CSL) Computer Systems Laboratory Golub, Gene H. Lundstrom, Stephen F. (CSLI) Centerfor theStudy ofLanguage and Information Guibas, Leonidas J. Owicki,Susan (HPP) Heuristic Programming Project Gupta, Anoop Pereyra, VictorL. (I/O) Input/Output Hennessy, JohnL. Reid, BrianK. (lEEE) Institute ofElectrical andElectronics Engineers Herriot, John G. Rosenschein, StanleyJ. (UCAI) International Joint Conference onArtificial Horowitz, MarkA. Tenenbaum, JayM. Intelligence Knuth, DonaldE. Vardi, MosheY. (ISL) Information Systems Laboratory Lam, Monica S. Wakerly, JohnF. (KBMS) Knowledge-based Management Systems Latombe, Jean-Claude Waldinger, Richard (KSL) Knowledge SystemsLaboratory Linton, MarkA. (Lisp) List ProcessingLanguage Luckham, David (MIPS) Million/Mega Instruction per Second Manna, Zohar (NAIL!) Not AnotherImplementation ofLogic! McCarthy, John (QLISP) Queue-based Multiprocessing LISP McCluskey, Edward J. (RISC) Reduced InstructionSet Computer Meng, Teresa (SCCM) Scientific Computing and Computational Miller, William F. Mathematics Mitchell, JohnC. (SIAM) Societyfor Industrial andApplied Mathematics Motwani,Rajeev (SIGCSE) Special Interest Groupon Computer Science Musen, MarkA. Education (part ofACM) Nilsson,Nils J. (SIMA) Stanford Institutefor Manufacturing and Oliger, Joseph E. Automation Plotkin, SergeA. (SITN) Stanford InstructionalTelevisionNetwork Pratt, Vaughan (SRI) SRI International Rumelhart, David E. (SUMEX-AIM) Stanford University Medical Experimental Samuel,ArthurL. Computer Resources Shoham, Yoav (VLSI) VeryLarge Scale Integrated Shortliffe, Edward H. (WICS) Western Institute in Computer Science Tobagi, FouadA. Ullman, JeffreyD. Ungar, David M. Weise, Daniel Wiederhold, Gio Winograd, Terry

278655P55K1 189