The Evolution of China╎s Legislation on Reproduction
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Mao's War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment In
Reviews Mao’s War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China, by Judith Shapiro, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2001), xvii, 287 pp. Reviewed by Gregory A. Ruf, Associate Professor, Chinese Studies and Anthropology Stony Brook State University of New York In this engaging and informative book, Judith Shapiro takes a sharp, critical look at how development policies and practices under Mao influenced human relationships with the natural world, and considers some consequences of Maoist initiatives for the environment. Drawing on a variety of sources, both written and oral, she guides readers through an historical overview of major political and economic campaigns of the Maoist era, and their impact on human lives and the natural environment. This is a bold and challenging task, not least because such topics remain political sensitive today. Yet the perspective Shapiro offers is refreshing, while the problems she highlights are disturbing, with significant legacies. The political climate of revolutionary China was pervaded by hostile struggle against class enemies, foreign imperialists, Western capitalists, Soviet revisionists, and numerous other antagonists. Under Mao and the communists, “the notion was propagated that China would pick itself up after its long history of humiliation by imperialist powers, become self-reliant in the face of international isolation, and regain strength in the world” (p.6). Militarization was to be a vehicle through which Mao would attempt to forge a ‘New China.’ His period of rule was marked by a protracted series of mass mobilization campaigns, based around the fear of perceived threats, external or internal. Even nature, Shapiro argues, was portrayed in a combative and militaristic rhetoric as an obstacle or enemy to overcome. -
Basic Data on Fertility in the Provinces of China, 1940-82
Basic data PAPERS OF THE on fertility EAST-WEST in the provinces POPULATION INSTITUTE of China, NUMBER 1940-82 104 JANUARY 1987 EAST-WEST CENTER HONOLULU Ansley J. Coale HAWAII and Chen Sheng Li PAPERS OF THE EAST-WEST POPULATION INSTITUTE, published about eight times a year, facilitate early dissernination of research findings and policy- relevant reports on the populations of Asia, the Pacific, and the United States. Cost per copy, $3. NOTE TO CONTRIBUTORS: The Population Institute considers unsolicited as well as commissioned manuscripts for the Paper Series. Appropriate topics are demographic trends and estimation, fertility and family structure, economic development and human resources, urbanization and migration, and popula• tion policies and programs. All manuscripts are reviewed. In selecting manuscripts for publication, the Institute considers quality of scholarship and usefulness to public officials and other professionals in the field of population; it also seeks contributions reflecting diverse cultural and disciplinary perspec• tives on population. The series can accommodate articles not necessarily suited for journals because of unusual length or treatment of subject. All copy must be typed double-spaced. For additional information on manuscript prepara• tion, write to Editor, Paper Series. OTHER SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE EAST-WEST POPULATION INSTITUTE Working Papers are circulated for comment and to inform interested colleagues about work in progress at the East-West Population Institute. They are intended to complement evidence of completed work as reflected in Papers of the East- West Population Institute and the Reprint Series. $1 per copy. Reprint Series brings selected articles originating from Institute research but published elsewhere to the attention of population specialists who might not otherwise see them. -
Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 15, 7906-7915 OPEN ACCESS Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M. Mukana, Sagadi B. Bulekbayeva, Ainura D. Kurmanaliyevaa, Sultanmurat U. Abzhalova and Bekzhan B. Meirbayeva aAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT This paper considers features of Islam among Muslim peoples in China. Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization. The followers of Islam have a significant impact on ethno-religious, political, economic and cultural relations of the Chinese society. Ethno-cultural heterogeneity of Chinese Islam has defined its confessional identity. The peculiarity of Chinese Islam is determined, firstly, with its religious heterogeneity. In China there all three main branches of Islam: Sunnism, Shiism, and Sufism. Secondly, the unique nature of Chinese Islam is defined by close relationship with the traditional religions of China (Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) and Chinese population folk beliefs. Chinese Islam has incorporated many specific feat ures of the traditional religious culture of China, which heavily influenced on the religious consciousness and religious activities of Chinese Muslims. KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY Chinese Muslims, history of Islam, confessional Received 21 March 2016 heterogeneity, Islamic branches, religions of China Revised 05 June 2016 Accepted 19 June 2016 Introduction Political and ethno-cultural processes taking place in contemporary Chinese society lead us to a deeper study of the religious history of China (Ho et al., 2014). Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization (Tsin, 2009; Erie & Carlson, 2014; Gulfiia, Parfilova & Karimova, 2016). -
Economic Integration Between Hong Kong, Taiwan and The
OECD Economic Studies No . 20. Spring 1993 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BETWEEN HONG KONG. TAIWAN AND THE COASTAL PROVINCES OF CHINA Randall S. Jones. Robert E . King and Michael Klein CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................... 116 1. Economic integration within the CEA ............................. 118 A . Trade .................................................. 118 B. Foreign direct investment ................................... 123 C . Other linkages ........................................... 127 D. Impact of integration within the CEA .......................... 128 II . Forces driving integration ...................................... 130 A . Resource endowments ...................................... 130 B . Revealed comparative advantage ............................ 133 C . The role of policies ........................................ 134 D . Political ties ............................................. 137 E . Rapid growth despite policy distortions ......................... 138 Ill. Outlook .................................................... 139 Bibliography .................................................... 1.43 Randall S . Jones and Robert E. King are economists in the Foreign Trade and Investment Division of the Economics Department. Michael Klein. who was formerly employed in the same division. now works at the World Bank . The authors would like to thank Sveinbjorn Blondal. Michael P . Feiner. Nicholas Vanston and Bernard Wacquez for their comments and suggestions. 115 INTRODUCTION During the past -
Why Did China's Population Grow So Quickly?
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Why Did China’s Population Grow so Quickly? F DAVID HOWDEN AND YANG ZHOU hina’s one-child policy has come to be widely regarded as an effective piece of government legislation that saved the country from a Malthusian fate. C The Cultural Revolution of 1966–76 was the crowning achievement of Mao Zedong, chairman of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1945 to 1976. -
The Floating Community of Muslims in the Island City of Guangzhou
Island Studies Journal, 12(2), 2017, pp. 83-96 The floating community of Muslims in the island city of Guangzhou Ping Su Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China [email protected] ABSTRACT: The paper explores how Guangzhou’s urban density and hub functions have conditioned its cultural dynamics by looking specifically at the city’s Muslim community. Guangzhou’s island spatiality has influenced the development of the city’s Muslim community both historically and in the contemporary era. As a historic island port city, Guangzhou has a long-standing tradition of commerce and foreign trade, which brought to the city the first group of Muslims in China. During the Tang and Song dynasties, a large Muslim community lived in the fanfang of Guangzhou, a residential unit designated by the government for foreigners. Later, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Hui Muslims from northern China, who were mostly soldiers, joined foreign Muslims in Guangzhou to form an extended community. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Guangzhou’s Muslim community and Islamic culture underwent severe damage. It was not until China’s period of reform and opening-up that the Muslim community in Guangzhou started to revive, thanks to the city’s rapid economic development, especially in foreign trade. This is today a floating community, lacking geographical, racial, ethnic, and national boundaries. This paper argues that Guangzhou’s island spatiality as a major port at the mouth of the Pearl River has given rise to a floating Muslim community. Keywords: floating community, Guangzhou, island cities, Muslims, trading port, spatiality https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.18 © 2017 – Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada. -
The Drag Effect of Water Resources on China's Regional Economic
water Article The Drag Effect of Water Resources on China’s Regional Economic Growth: Analysis Based on the Temporal and Spatial Dimensions Yao Zhang 1, Wenxin Liu 1 and Minjuan Zhao 1,* College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (W.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 December 2019; Accepted: 16 January 2020; Published: 17 January 2020 Abstract: Studying the influencing factors of the drag effect of water resources and its temporal–spatial variation can help governments to solve the problem of water resource constraints on the economic growth of different regions. Based on Romer’s hypothesis, this paper uses panel data to empirically analyze the drag effect of water resources in China’s 31 provinces from 1987 to 2017. The research shows that: (1) Water resources have certain constraints on the economic growth of each region. Regional economic growth has declined by 0.23% (eastern), 0.07% (western), 0.43% (central) and 0.09% (northeastern) annually. (2) In provinces with rapid labor growth, water resources have a greater impact on economic growth. In provinces with low labor growth rates, the drag effect of water resources on economic growth is affected by the capital stock of the region. (3) Through the analysis of the water drag effect in different time periods, this paper finds that in some periods, the government’s mobilization of water resources for the economic growth in some regions will not only promote the transfer of labor between regions, but also cause changes in the regional water resources. -
Evaluation of China's Provincial Regional Innovation Performance As …
WEIDONG WANG et al: EVALUATION OF CHINA'S PROVINCIAL REGIONAL INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AS … Evaluation of China's Provincial Regional Innovation Performance as Exemplified by Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Zhejiang Weidong Wang* Rongmian Huo School of Humanities and Social Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract — In this work, China's provincial regional innovation performance is evaluated using the index system in the Annual Report of Regional Innovation Capability of China (data for 2014). Three theoretical hypotheses are proposed based on a summary of existing research. The first one states that the innovation capability of an enterprise is closely related to the regional innovation performance. The second hypothesizes that knowledge creation capacity is directly proportional to regional sustainable development indices. The third suggests that knowledge acquisition capacity is positively correlated with an enterprise's capacity to improve the technological and international competitiveness of regional industries. Principal component analysis (PCA) is subsequently used to establish a model using the Stata software package (v12). The relationships between China's regional innovation performance and some relevant indices are revealed for five provinces and cities in China. Therefore, the hypotheses are essentially verified by our research conclusions and three policy suggestions for improving regional innovation performance are also -
“The Cost of Political Tension: an Anatomy”
TSE‐484 April 2014 “The Cost of Political Tension: An Anatomy” Yinghua He, Ulf Nielsson and Yonglei Wang The Cost of Political Tension: An Anatomy Yinghua Hea Ulf Nielssonb Yonglei Wanga April 2014 Abstract The paper examines how increased political tension affects stock returns and identifies the channels through which this occurs. Focusing on Taiwan’s sovereign debate, we find that non-violent events harming the political relationship with mainland China are associated with an average daily drop of 200 basis points in Taiwanese stock returns. Expectations of mild tension also adversely affect stock returns. The impact is stronger on firms located close to potential conflict zones and on Taiwanese firms openly supporting the pro-independence party. The adverse effect on political opponents concentrates on those firms economically exposed to mainland China through either investments or exports. JEL classification: F51, G14, G15 Keywords: political tension, political connections, China, Taiwan Acknowledgements: We are grateful for valuable comments from Augustin Landier, Harminder Singh, Shang-Jin Wei, Qing Xia and participants at seminars at Toulouse School of Economics, University of Iceland, the 21th SFM conference in Taiwan, 2013 World Finance & Banking symposium in Beijing and 2013 Econometric Society China Meeting. a Toulouse School of Economics, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. b Copenhagen Business School, Department of Finance. Email: [email protected] 1 1 Introduction While it has been documented that physical violence in political disputes can negatively impact asset prices (e.g. Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003; Zussman and Zussman, 2006; Besley and Mueller, 2012), other cost factors of political tension have largely been left unexplored. -
Aba Mountains, Crops Suitable For, 113 Abortion, Ma Yinchu View Of, 40
Cambridge University Press 0521781507 - Mao’s War against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China Judith Shapiro Index More information INDEX Aba Mountains, crops suitable for, Automobile factory, 158 113 Abortion, Ma Yinchu view of, 40 Agriculture. See also Farms Banister, Judith, on population, in ancient times, 6 34–35 in Dazhai Commune. See Dazhai Banqiao dam, 63 failure of, famine in. See Famine Bao Wenkui, genetic studies of, 26 in Great Leap Forward, 75–80 Becker, Jasper land reclamation for. See Dianchi; on famine, 90 Dazhai; Land reclamation on Mao’s view of science, 68 monocropping in, 201 Beibei, Southwest Agricultural slash-and-burn, 172–173 University, in sparrow terracing for. See Terracing eradication program, 87 Ailao mountains, 169 Beidaihe work conference, 89 Aini people Beijing University agricultural practices of, 173 Ma Yinchu connections with, 21, as tea farmers, 112–113 22, 37–39, 42–45 Air pollution, 13 rightists at, 54 in Panzhihua, 154, 156, 157 Bethune, Norman, 102 Air-raid shelters, 243n.39 Birds Angang, steel worker training at, assault on, 86–89 152–153 in Heilongjiang, land reclamation Anhui province effects on, 165, 167, 168 agricultural practices in, 78 in Xishuangbanna prefecture, 171 famine in, 90 Birth control, policies on, 9, 34–36 Anti-rightist movement, 21, 27, Bo Yibo, on urgency of political 223n.10 campaigns, 72 disciplinary role of, 69 Brown, Lester, on China’s August Red Terror, 57 agricultural resources, 168 269 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University -
Provincial Carbon Emissions Efficiency and Its Influencing
sustainability Article Provincial Carbon Emissions Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China Shi Wang 1,2, Hua Wang 3,*, Li Zhang 4,* and Jun Dang 1,5 1 School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, China; [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (J.D.) 2 “One Belt One Road” Economic and Trade Cooperation Innovation Team, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, China 3 School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China 4 School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China 5 “One Belt One Road” Cross-Border Electronic Commerce Research Institute, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (L.Z.) Received: 2 April 2019; Accepted: 18 April 2019; Published: 19 April 2019 Abstract: We calculated provincial carbon emissions efficiency and related influencing factors in China with the purpose of providing a reference for other developing countries to develop a green economy. Using panel data covering the period from 2004–2016 from 30 provinces in China, we calculated the carbon emission performance (CEP) and the technology gap ratio of carbon emission (TGR) with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and the meta-frontier model separately to analyze provincial carbon emissions efficiency in China. No matter which indicator was employed, we found that distinct differences exist in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China, and the eastern region has the highest carbon emission performance, followed by the central and the western regions. -
Innovative City in West China Chongqing
INNOVATIVE CITY IN WEST CHINA CHONGQING Jon Sigurdson Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS Krystyna Palonka Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS Working Paper 239 February 2008 Postal address: P.O. Box 6501, S-113 83 Stockholm, Sweden Office address: Holländargatan 30 Telephone: +46 8 736 93 60 Fax: +46 8 31 30 17 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.hhs.se/eijs 1 Innovative City in West China Chongqing Jon Sigurdson, Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS Krystyna Palonka, Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS Working Paper 239 February 2008 Postal address: P.O. Box 6501, S-113 83 Stockholm, Sweden. Office address: Sveavägen 65 Telephone: +46 8 736 93 60 Telefax: +46 8 31 30 17 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.hhs.se 2 Innovative City in West China Chongqing1 Jon Sigurdson, Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS Krystyna Palonka, Stockholm School of Economics, EIJS February 2008 Abstract This working paper offers insights on science and technology in China with supporting official and interview data. The paper, as evidenced from the title, is indicating the future role of Chongqing and its evolution primarily focusing on the period of rapid development of the Municipality after Chongqing became a political entity on the same level as provinces of China. This has coincided with the planning, construction and completion of the Three Gorges Dam Project involving the resettlement of 1,000,000 people – most them coming to the rural areas Chongqing Municipality. Three major sub-themes are highlighted. First, the city played important role during more than 2000 years of its history (in 1981, for example it became first inland port in China open for foreign commerce).