DOCSLIB.ORG

Sufis, Sufi Euruq and the Question of Conversion to Islam in India: an Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sufis, Sufi Euruq and the Question of Conversion to Islam in India: an Assessment SUFIS, SUFI EURUQ AND THE QUESTION OF CONVERSION TO ISLAM IN INDIA: AN ASSESSMENT by Sami Gabriel Massoud Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montréal, June 1997 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research. in partial fulfillrnent of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts O Sami Gabriel Massoud, 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale I*l of,", du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 WeIlington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON KiA ON4 Otbwa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your fi& Votre refSrmce Our iYe Nolre reference The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loaq distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the topoi found in various writings on the Indian subcontinent, which depict Muslim mystics, the Sufis, as responsible for the conversion, forced or peaceful, of non-Muslim Indians to Islam. Our analysis of various historiographicd traditions produced in the Subcontinent between the eleventh and the twentieth centuries, will show that this image of Sufis qua missionaries is more the result of socio-political considerations (legitimization of imperid order; posthumous images of Sufis in the eyes of different folk audiences, etc.) than the reflection of histoncal reality. This thesis also examines the processes, most of them indirect, in which Sufis were involved and which on the long run led to the acculturation and to the Islamization of certain non-Muslim groups, thus opening the way for the birth and then consolidation of a Muslim identity. Ce mémoire examine les lieux communs, répandus dans les écrits sur le sous-continent indien, qui rendent les saints des confréries mystiques musulmanes, responsables de la conversion, parfois forcée, souvent pacifique, de non musulmans à l'Islam. Une analyse de l'historiographie produite dans différents milieux indiens entre le onzième et Ie vingtième siècle montrera que cette image de missionaire accolée aux soufis est bien plus le résultat de considérations socio-politiques (légitimation de l'ordre impérial Mogol à partir du 16ème siècle; images posthumes des saints soufis élaborées dans les traditions populaires, etc.) que le reflet d'une réalité historique. Ce mémoire examinera aussi les mécanismes, souvent mis en branle indirectement par les soufis, des processus d'acculturation et d'islamisation au sein de certains groupes non musulmans; des processus qui éventuellement conduiront chez certains à la naissance puis à la consolidation d'une identité islamique. To Gub& al-KhQfi Mikha'îl Mascud snd Josephine Mas'lld, mY beloved parents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1 CKAPTER ONE: A REVIEW OF HISTORICAL SOURCES ...................... 10 1. The Indo-Muslirn Tradition of History Writing ............................ ...1 1 A .Pre-Mughal Historiography .......... ..................................... 1 B. Mughal-Period Historiography .......................................... 17 II .The Literature of the Sufi Environment. its Authenticity and Significance.. ....... .... .........................................................................27 A .Pre-Mughal Sufi Literature ................................................. 30 B .Later Sui5 Literature.............................,. 34 a .Images of Mucînal-Dîn Chistî in Later Sufi Literature and their Significance................................... 36 i . The Genesis of a Legend ................................. 36 ii .The Interaction between Sufi and Muslirn Folk Traditions ..................................... -42 b .Mughal-Period Mystical Orders and Conversion to Islam: the Case of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi CL............................................................... 45 III .Modern History Writing on Islam in its Indian Environment............................................................................................ 57 A .Some General Remarks ........... ... ........................................57 B. The Gazetteers ........................................................................ 61 C. The Indian Dimension of the Historiographical Debate.................................................... i ..................................*..66 IV . Concluding Remarks ........... ..... .................................................. ..71 CHAP%ER TWO: PATTERNS OF CONVERSION: THE ROLE OF THE SUFIS ......................................................................... -74 1. Preliminary Remarks about the Indo-Muslim Syncretistic Tradition ................................................................................. ., .............. -74 A .Sufi Syncretism and the Indian Milieu ........................................................................................... -77 B .The Limits of Syncretism....................................................... 82 II .The KhânqahlDargah Complex ......................................................... 84 A .Barakalz and Wulâyah............................................................ -85 B .The KliânqahlDargah Complex in its Indian Environment............................................................................... -88 a . The Functional Dimension of the KhânqâhlDargâh Complex ............................................ -89 b . Women and the Khânqâ~zLVargâhcompIex .............. 91 c. Rituals at the Hzânqûlz/Z)argâh Complex ................. 92 d .The Qawwâlîs and their Impact ................................ 92 C .Kizanqaldûargah Complexes in the Deccan and the Punjab: Two Case Studies............. .. ..................................... 94 a . The Deccan: The Shahpur Rülock Chishtî Cammuniîy .................................................................... -94 b.The Punjab: The Barakah of Bâbâ Farîd and the Jats of the Punjab ............................................97 III. The Bengal Environment ............................................................... 99 A .EcologicaI Changes and the Occupation of the East .................................................................................. IO1 B. The Sources................................,..................................... 102 C .PirEcation. Pîrs and the Establishment of Patterns of Authority in the East........................................................... 106 a. Leadership Roles in the Colonization Process ....... 106 b .The Pirification of Sources of Authority ................ 108 N. The Indianisation of a Sufi tradition and its anthropological explanation: The Case of the Madâriyyah......................................... 113 A .The Origins of the Order............................... ... .................... 14 B .The Hindu Features of the Madâriyyah............... .. .......... 15 C. The 'Castification' of a Sufi Order........................ .., .......... 117 D .The Madârîs and the Issue of Conversion in the Indian Environment........................................................ 120 CONCLUSION................................................................................................ 126 Consonants / short 8 The shaddah is coweyed by the doubling of a letter. Ail words pertainiog to the Islamic tradition, such as shaykh, 'uId', etc., have been itaiicized, with the exception of those fomd in îhe Webder's dictianary, such as Sufis. Names of people, places and orders have not been iEalicized a Worda ending with a 6 are written with ab Al1 Persian words of Arabic origin have been transliterated as Arabic words, with the exception of some names: in Abu al-Fad, for exampie, the Persian ~ is written with a z. In most casea, plurais ofhbic and Persian words have been rendered by using an s at the end For titles and quotations, 1 hwe tried !O keep the traasliteration system used by the dors: for example, Siyar al-Muta 'ak.hirîn is written as Seir Mutaqherin, the wgr fhe title appears on the book My interest in things Arabic and Islamic was fostered at a very early age by my parents, Gubrân and Joséphine Massoud: their influence on me has been pervasive and this thesis is witness to their love and encouragement. 1am forever in their debt. My Indian 'adventure' started five years ago when a fnend of mine, Yogen Pandya, introduced me for the first tirne to the Qawwalî music of Nusrat Fâteh Ali Khan. 1 liked the music so much that 1 decided to learn about the indo-Muslim cultural and historical milieu which fostered it. Many thanks to Yogen. My encounter with Indo-Muslim civilizaûon was achieved primady at the hands of Professor Sajida Alvi, my teacher and supervisor, who drarnaticaily expanded my intellectual horizons and introduced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cholland Masters Thesis Final Draft
    Copyright By Christopher Paul Holland 2010 The Thesis committee for Christopher Paul Holland Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: __________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder ___________________________________ Gail Minault Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2010 Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2010 SUPERVISOR: Syed Akbar Hyder Scholarship has tended to focus exclusively on connections of Qawwali, a north Indian devotional practice and musical genre, to religious practice. A focus on the religious degree of the occasion inadequately represents the participant’s active experience and has hindered the discussion of Qawwali in modern practice. Through the examples of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s music and an insightful BBC radio article on gender inequality this thesis explores the fluid musical exchanges of information with other styles of Qawwali performances, and the unchanging nature of an oral tradition that maintains sociopolitical hierarchies and gender relations in Sufi shrine culture. Perceptions of history within shrine culture blend together with social and theological developments, long-standing interactions with society outside of the shrine environment, and an exclusion of the female body in rituals.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
    Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsiderations
    HUMANITIES & PUBLIC LIFE CONFERENCE Reconsiderations September 18 - 22, 2017 Dawson College All sessions in 5B.16 unless otherwise indicated Monday, September 8th 8:30 – 9:45 a.m. Education or Entertainment: Assessing the Data on Learning Mariam Sambe, Humanities Department, Dawson College A growing number of teachers are incorporating entertainment in their classrooms in the goal of increasing students’ attention, motivation, and achievement. Several studies have illustrated that the use of entertainment increases students’ interest and motivation to participate, but when it comes to the actual interest to learn—not just to play— and more specifically, the outcome in students’ learning, there are still some debates. This paper is a systematic review using a meta-analysis approach with the objective of addressing the effectiveness of edutainment (also known as educational entertainment) on students’ learning. It reports on the results of 13 selected studies that compared edutainment to traditional education. The findings of this meta-analysis will be presented at the conference, as well as recommendations for further research on edutainment. Mariam Sambe is a youth worker and educator, with a special focus on critical pedagogy and AIDS education. She has been involved in the field of education for about 15 years and has worked in all levels from preschool to university. She has managed several educational programs and services in Ethiopia, France, the United States and Canada. Currently she is a PhD Candidate in Educational Studies at Concordia University and a Humanities Professor at Dawson College. Mariam has dedicated most of her life to humanitarian and charitable organizations; particularly those benefiting children and youth, and that promote education.
    [Show full text]
  • Kle Law Academy Belagavi
    KLE LAW ACADEMY BELAGAVI (Constituent Colleges: KLE Society’s Law College, Bengaluru, Gurusiddappa Kotambri Law College, Hubballi, S.A. Manvi Law College, Gadag, KLE Society’s B.V. Bellad Law College, Belagavi, KLE Law College, Chikodi, and KLE College of Law, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai) STUDY MATERIAL for FAMILY LAW II Prepared as per the syllabus prescribed by Karnataka State Law University (KSLU), Hubballi Compiled by Reviewed by Dr. Jyoti G. Hiremath, Asst.Prof. Dr. B Jayasimha, Principal B.V. Bellad Law College, Belagavi This study material is intended to be used as supplementary material to the online classes and recorded video lectures. It is prepared for the sole purpose of guiding the students in preparation for their examinations. Utmost care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the content. However, it is stressed that this material is not meant to be used as a replacement for textbooks or commentaries on the subject. This is a compilation and the authors take no credit for the originality of the content. Acknowledgement, wherever due, has been provided. II SEMESTER LL.B. AND VI SEMESTER B.A.LL.B. COURSE - V : FAMILY LAW - II : MOHAMMEDAN LAW AND INDIAN SUCCESSION ACT CLASS NOTES Contents Part I - : Mohammedan Law : (127 pages) 1. Application of Muslim Law 2. History, Concept and Schools of Muslim Law 3. Sources of Muslim Law 4. Marriage 5. Mahr / Dower 6. Dissolution of marriage and Matrimonial Reliefs 7. Parentage 8. Guardianship and Hizanat 9. Maintenance 10. The Muslim Women(Protection of Rights on Divorce)Act,1986 11. Hiba / Gifts 12. Administration of Estate 13.
    [Show full text]
  • CC-7: HISTORY of INDIA (C.1206-1526) IV
    CC-7: HISTORY OF INDIA (c.1206-1526) IV. RELIGION AND CULTURE (A). SUFI SILSILAS: CHISHTIS AND SUHRAWARDIS; DOCTRINES AND PRACTICES; SOCIAL ROLES (C). SUFI LITERATURE, MALFUZAT; PREMAKHAYANS The tenth century is important in Islamic history for a variety of reasons: it marks the rise of the Turks on the runs of the Abbasid Caliphate, as well as important changes in the realm of the ideas and beliefs. In the realm of ideas, it marks the end of the domination of the Mutazila or rationalist philosophy, and the rise of orthodox schools based on the Quran and Hadis (traditions of the Prophet and his companions) and of the Sufi mystic orders. The word Sufi is derived from ‘suf’ which means wool in Arabic, referring the simple cloaks the early Muslim ascetics wore. It also means ‘purity’ and thus can be understood as the one who wears wool on top of purity. The Sufis were regarded as people who kept their heart pure and who sought to communicate with God through their ascetic practice. Sufism or mysticism emerged in the 8th century and the early known Sufis were Rabiya al-Adawiya, Al-Junaid and Bayazid Bastami. However, it evolved into a well-developed movement by the end of the 11th century. Al-Hujwiri, who established himself in north India was buried in Lahore and regarded as the oldest Sufi in the sub-continent. By the 12th century, the Sufis were organised in Silsilahs (i,e., orders, which basically represented an unbreakable chain between the Pir, the teacher, and the murids, the disciples).
    [Show full text]
  • Conference 1999
    contact us CCMW Position Papers « Back to CCMW Newsletters/Reports (Archived Material) CCMW Publications Other Publications of Interest CANADIAN COUNCIL OF MUSLIM WOMEN Websites of Interest LE CONSEIL CANADIEN DES FEMMES MUSULMANES CCMW Archives IN THE NAME OF GOD The Canadian Council of Muslim Women is a national non-profit organization established to assist Muslim women in participating effectively in Canadian Society and to promote mutual understanding between Canadian Muslim women and women of other faiths. "The most gracious has imparted this Qur'an. He has created human beings, He has imparted to humans articulate thought and speech. At God's behest the sun and moon run their appointed courses and before God prostrate themselves, the stars and trees. And the skies has God raised high, thus devised for all things a measure so that you too might never transgress the measure of what is right; weigh therefore your deeds with equity and cut not the measure short." Quran 55:1-9 CONFERENCE 1999: The national conference was held in Toronto, over the weekend of October 29, 1999. The theme was Muslim Women in Canada: Our Rights and Freedom in the 21st Century. Masha Allah, it was a great success! This was due to the superb speakers. Drs. Riffat Hassan and Abdullahi an Naim who addressed the issue of rights from a Islamic perspective as well as those enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights. The workshops on FGM, Media and Claiming Our Rights were good and the outstanding session was the youth. A number of young women from across the country spoke courageously about the issues which they face.
    [Show full text]
  • MUHAMMAD AHMAD MUNIR Curriculum Vitae Email: [email protected]
    CV Ahmad 1 MUHAMMAD AHMAD MUNIR Curriculum Vitae Email: [email protected] Deputy Editor, Islamic Studies (an international double-blind peer-reviewed research journal of Islamic Research Institute, IIUI) and Head, Department of Quranic Studies Work Experience Date Position held Institution Islamic Research Institute (IRI) January 2019 – Head, Department of Qur’anic Studies/ International Islamic University to date In-Charge Publications (IIU), Islamabad Deputy Editor: Islamic Studies January 2013 – (An international double-blind peer IRI, IIU, Islamabad to date reviewed research journal of X- Category) June 2004 – to Lecturer, Department of Fiqh and Law IRI, IIU, Islamabad date Course Lecturer Sep. 2009 – Institute of Islamic Studies Modern Standard Arabic and Urdu April 2016 McGill University, Canada Languages Nov. 2008 – Institute of Islamic Studies Visiting Research Associate Aug. 2009 McGill University, Canada Faculty of Law May – Nov. Visiting Scholar The University of British 2008 Columbia, Canada Sep. 2007 – Faculty of Shari‘ah and Law, IIU Visiting Lecturer April 2008 Islamabad Resource Person for “Developing March – June Higher Education commission, Research Skills workshops” under 2006 Islamabad NAHE March 1999 to Govt. Colleges of Sangla Hill, Lecturer Islamic Studies June 2004. Narang Mandi and Phool Nagar 1 CV Ahmad 2 Education Degree Year Institution Ph.D. Islamic Law 2020 McGill University, Canada 2012 (fast M.A. Islamic Studies forwarded to McGill University, Canada PhD) M.Phil. Islamic Studies/ Sheikh Zayed Islamic
    [Show full text]
  • Concordia University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd
    Homa Hoodfar CURRICULUM VITAE Address: Concordia University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1M8 E-mail [email protected] Residence: 717 Bloomfield Ave. Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2V 3S4 Positions Held: 2015-Present Professor of Anthropology, Emeritus, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal 1991-2015 Professor of Anthropology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal 1989-1991 Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, McGill University 1988-1991 Adjunct Fellow, Simone de Beauvoir Institute, Concordia University Education 1981-89 PhD., Social Anthropology University of Kent (UK) 1983-84 Research Fellow, Anthropology American University in Cairo (Egypt) 1979-81 M.A., Development Studies (Interdisciplinary) University of Manchester (UK) 1974-76 B.A., Economics and Business Studies University of Tehran (Iran) Fieldwork and Research Projects: Anthropology of Interrogation: My Time in Evin Prison (2016-Current) This is an accidental field research. On 13 February 2016, I left Montreal for Iran intending to collect all the archival material from the early 20th century that I needed in order to complete my manuscript, “One Hundred Years of Iranian Women in the National Electoral Politics.” On 9 March, as I was packing to leave Iran the next day, my residence was raided by the Intelligence Services of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. They confiscated my passports, books, computer, phone, and other personal items, and I was told to present myself to the revolutionary courts and barred from leaving Iran. Subsequently I was taken to Evin prison as my interrogators claimed I was both a CIA and MI6 operative, attempting to foment a ‘velvet revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Very Foundation, Inauguration and Expanse of Sufism: a Historical Study
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S1 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 The Very Foundation, Inauguration and Expanse of Sufism: A Historical Study Dr. Abdul Zahoor Khan Ph.D., Head, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Faculty Block #I, First Floor, New Campus Sector#H-10, International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan; Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Muhammad Tanveer Jamal Chishti Ph.D. Scholar-History, Department of History &Pakistan Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Faculty Block #I, First Floor New Campus, Sector#H-10, International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan; Email: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p382 Abstract Sufism has been one of the key sources to disseminate the esoteric aspects of the message of Islam throughout the world. The Sufis of Islam claim to present the real and original picture of Islam especially emphasizing the purity of heart and inner-self. To realize this objective they resort to various practices including meditation, love with fellow beings and service for mankind. The present article tries to explore the origin of Sufism, its gradual evolution and culmination. It also seeks to shed light on the characteristics of the Sufis of the different periods or generations as well as their ideas and approaches. Moreover, it discusses the contributions of the different Sufi Shaykhs as well as Sufi orders or Silsilahs, Qadiriyya, Suhrwardiyya, Naqshbandiyya, Kubraviyya and particularly the Chishtiyya. Keywords: Sufism, Qadiriyya, Chishtiyya, Suhrwardiyya, Kubraviyya-Shattariyya, Naqshbandiyya, Tasawwuf. 1. Introduction Sufism or Tasawwuf is the soul of religion.
    [Show full text]
  • Un-Claim Dividend and Shares for Upload in Company Web Site
    UN-CLAIM DIVIDEND AND SHARES FOR UPLOAD IN COMPANY WEB SITE. Company FOLIO Name Address Amount Shares Abbott 41 BILQIS BANO C-306, M.L.COMPLEX MIRZA KHALEEJ1,507.00 BEG ROAD,0 PARSI COLONY KARACHI Abbott 43 MR. ABDUL RAZAK RUFI VIEW, JM-497,FLAT NO-103175.75 JIGGAR MOORADABADI0 ROAD NEAR ALLAMA IQBAL LIBRARY KARACHI-74800 Abbott 47 MR. AKHTER JAMIL 203 INSAF CHAMBERS NEAR PICTURE600.50 HOUSE0 M.A.JINNAH ROAD KARACHI Abbott 62 MR. HAROON RAHEMAN CORPORATION 26 COCHINWALA27.50 0 MARKET KARACHI Abbott 68 MR. SALMAN SALEEM A-450, BLOCK - 3 GULSHAN-E-IQBAL6,503.00 KARACHI.0 Abbott 72 HAJI TAYUB ABDUL LATIF DHEDHI BROTHERS 20/21 GORDHANDAS714.50 MARKET0 KARACHI Abbott 95 MR. AKHTER HUSAIN C-182, BLOCK-C NORTH NAZIMABAD616.00 KARACHI0 Abbott 96 ZAINAB DAWOOD 267/268, BANTWA NAGAR LIAQUATABAD1,397.67 KARACHI-190 267/268, BANTWA NAGAR LIAQUATABAD KARACHI-19 Abbott 97 MOHD. SADIQ FIRST FLOOR 2, MADINA MANZIL6,155.83 RAMTLA ROAD0 ARAMBAG KARACHI Abbott 104 MR. RIAZUDDIN 7/173 DELHI MUSLIM HOUSING4,262.00 SOCIETY SHAHEED-E-MILLAT0 OFF SIRAJUDULLAH ROAD KARACHI. Abbott 126 MR. AZIZUL HASAN KHAN FLAT NO. A-31 ALLIANCE PARADISE14,040.44 APARTMENT0 PHASE-I, II-C/1 NAGAN CHORANGI, NORTH KARACHI KARACHI. Abbott 131 MR. ABDUL RAZAK HASSAN KISMAT TRADERS THATTAI COMPOUND4,716.50 KARACHI-74000.0 Abbott 135 SAYVARA KHATOON MUSTAFA TERRECE 1ST FLOOR BEHIND778.27 TOOSO0 SNACK BAR BAHADURABAD KARACHI. Abbott 141 WASI IMAM C/O HANIF ABDULLAH MOTIWALA95.00 MUSTUFA0 TERRECE IST FLOOR BEHIND UBL BAHUDARABAD BRANCH BAHEDURABAD KARACHI Abbott 142 ABDUL QUDDOS C/O M HANIF ABDULLAH MOTIWALA252.22 MUSTUFA0 TERRECE 1ST FLOOR BEHIND UBL BAHEDURABAD BRANCH BAHDURABAD KARACHI.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Christians About Islam : a Study in Methodology, Appendix 5
    C CROSS AND CRESCENT: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE OF ISLAM by COL IN CHAPMAN DRAFT MANUSCRIPT OF A BOOK TO BE PUBLISHED BY INTER-VARSITY PRESS Submitted in conjunction with the thesis TEACHING CHRISTIANS ABOUT ISLAM: A STUDY IN METHODOLOGY to the Department of Theology of the University of Birmingham Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak BIRMINGHAM September 1993 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. CROSS and CRESCENT; RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE OF ISLAM INTRODUCTION Part 1. RELATING TO OUR MUSLIM NEIGHBOURS 1. Meeting face to face 2. Appreciating their culture 3. Examining our attitudes 4. Visiting a mosque 5. Facing immediate issues 6. Bible Study Part 2. UNDERSTANDING ISLAM 1. The Muslim at prayer 2. Basic Muslim beliefs and practices 3. The Qur'an 4. Muhammad 5. Tradition 6. Law and theology 7. Sub-Groups in Islam 8. Suflsm 9. 'Folk Islam' or 'Popular Islam' 10. The spread and development of Islam TiT Is1 am in the modern world 12. Women in Islam Part 3. ENTERING INTO DISCUSSION AND DIALOGUE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bhakti Movement
    TELLINGS AND TEXTS Tellings and Texts Music, Literature and Performance in North India Edited by Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield http://www.openbookpublishers.com © Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Orsini, Francesca and Butler Schofield, Katherine (eds.), Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0062 Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#copyright All external links were active on 22/09/2015 and archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine: https://archive.org/web/ Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http:// www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-102-1 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-103-8 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-104-5 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-105-2 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9978-1-78374-106-9 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0062 King’s College London has generously contributed to the publication of this volume.
    [Show full text]