CC-7: HISTORY of INDIA (C.1206-1526) IV
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Cholland Masters Thesis Final Draft
Copyright By Christopher Paul Holland 2010 The Thesis committee for Christopher Paul Holland Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: __________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder ___________________________________ Gail Minault Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2010 Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2010 SUPERVISOR: Syed Akbar Hyder Scholarship has tended to focus exclusively on connections of Qawwali, a north Indian devotional practice and musical genre, to religious practice. A focus on the religious degree of the occasion inadequately represents the participant’s active experience and has hindered the discussion of Qawwali in modern practice. Through the examples of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s music and an insightful BBC radio article on gender inequality this thesis explores the fluid musical exchanges of information with other styles of Qawwali performances, and the unchanging nature of an oral tradition that maintains sociopolitical hierarchies and gender relations in Sufi shrine culture. Perceptions of history within shrine culture blend together with social and theological developments, long-standing interactions with society outside of the shrine environment, and an exclusion of the female body in rituals. -
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings. -
SUFIS and THEIR CONTRIBUTION to the CULTURAL LIFF of MEDIEVAL ASSAM in 16-17"' CENTURY Fttasfter of ^Hilojiopl)?
SUFIS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURAL LIFF OF MEDIEVAL ASSAM IN 16-17"' CENTURY '•"^•,. DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF fttasfter of ^hilojiopl)? ' \ , ^ IN . ,< HISTORY V \ . I V 5: - • BY NAHIDA MUMTAZ ' Under the Supervision of DR. MOHD. PARVEZ CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2010 DS4202 JUL 2015 22 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY Department of History Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202 002 Dr. Mohd. Parwez Dated: June 9, 2010 Reader To Whom It May Concern This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Sufis and their Contribution to the Cultural Life of Medieval Assam in 16-17^^ Century" is the original work of Ms. Nahida Muxntaz completed under my supervision. The dissertation is suitable for submission and award of degree of Master of Philosophy in History. (Dr. MoMy Parwez) Supervisor Telephones: (0571) 2703146; Fax No.: (0571) 2703146; Internal: 1480 and 1482 Dedicated To My Parents Acknowledgements I-11 Abbreviations iii Introduction 1-09 CHAPTER-I: Origin and Development of Sufism in India 10 - 31 CHAPTER-II: Sufism in Eastern India 32-45 CHAPTER-in: Assam: Evolution of Polity 46-70 CHAPTER-IV: Sufis in Assam 71-94 CHAPTER-V: Sufis Influence in Assam: 95 -109 Evolution of Composite Culture Conclusion 110-111 Bibliography IV - VlU ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is pleasant duty for me to acknowledge the kindness of my teachers and friends from whose help and advice I have benefited. It is a rare obligation to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Mohd. -
Exploring Female Narrative in Sufi Literatures of Indian Subcontinent
© IJCIRAS | ISSN (O) - 2581-5334 October 2019 | Vol. 2 Issue. 5 EXPLORING FEMALE NARRATIVE IN SUFI LITERATURES OF INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Shahid Habib Ansari sarojini naidu center for women studies, jamia millia islamia, new delhi, 110025, India encourages oblivion towards the worldly deceptions Abstract while on the other hand complements the life of In the Indian subcontinent, females were able to hereafter. Allah in Quran urges a life persistent in its make their presence felt in most of the Hikayat of devotion and piety, as it impresses upon the need to Sufis but not very remarkably. The literature which shun and abandon hypocrisy, dishonesty and have incorporated the narration of female Sufis immorality.2 Under the influence of these verses, Sufism actually was there only in the biographies of the originated probably in ninth century AD in Arab counties prominent Sufi stalwarts like Nizamuddin Auliya, and Persia.3 According to Ghazali, Sufism is all about the Shiekh Abdul haq Muhaddis, Chiragh Dehalvi etc learning which one can acquire through his intellect. The that too with a slight tinge of misogyny. There were Ghazali version of Sufism and mysticism is nothing but incidences where female spiritual personalities were an exertion of human cognitive potential into highly regarded but with an explicit perception of developing the intellectual capital so that one can supremacy of men. Whenever someone talks about discover the Providence. The writing of Ghazali on any highly righteous women, it was interpreted in mysticism is logical, analytic and philosophical both in the literature that personality cannot be a woman, substance and style.4 But for the mainstream religious rather she is man under a divine guise of quarters, Sufism smacks of Pantheism the most hated womanhood. -
Muslim Mystics and Sufi Silsilahs in the India
MUSLIM MYSTICS AND SUFI SILSILAHS IN THE INDIA. By Dr.Amit Dey. When I am writing this article during the beginning of the new year, 2015, the world and the Indian subcontinent are going through certain uneasy experiences ranging from the violent reaction in the aftermath of the publication of cartoons in some western newspapers allegedly hurting the sentiment of millions of Muslims all over the world, when quite a few innocent school children perished in a brutal attack in Peshawar, when the Indian state of West Bengal is trying to recover from the infamous Khagragarh (in Burdwan district) explosion, when certain south asian regions are being exposed for the alarming imbalance in sex ratio confirming the prevalence of female foeticide even during the second decade of the twenty first century, the stereotyping of Islam as an intolerant, homogeneous and violent religion gathered momentum in the oriental and occidental worlds.1 In the context of these developments at the regional and trans-regional levels, the study of Islamic mysticism is becoming more and more relevant particularly due to the tolerant, spiritual and humane outlook of the Muslim mystics and the appropriating and accommodating nature of various sufi orders which created ripples in the socio-spiritual world of the subcontinent. Ironically, the sufis are virtually eliminated from the world of their origin, i.e., Central Asia and the Middle East. However, in South Asia where the Muslim mystics once took spiritual refuge, Sufism is still vibrant as a spiritual and cultural force. Existence of Sufism proves that like any other religion, Islam is also characterized by heterogeneity. -
The Maladies of the Nafs and Their Remedies: an Analysis And
THE MALADIES OF THE NAFS AND THEIR REMEDIES: AN ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION by RACHEL KEANE (Under the Direction of Kenneth Honerkamp) ABSTRACT The Maladies of the Nafs and Their Remedies is a 10th century treatise by Abū ʿAbd al- Raḥmān al-Sulamī which sheds further light on his fusion of two early movements in Islamic Spirituality: Sufism and the Malāmatiyyah Way, also known as the Path of Blame. This thesis will analyze the historical context of Sulamī’s work and demonstrate the importance of Malāma- Sufism to the institutionalization of Sufism in Khurasān. The Maladies of the Nafs and Their Remedies provides insight into the unique Malāmatī-Sufi ethic which combines mysticism, asceticism, and the interiorization of piety. The Maladies of the Nafs and Their Remedies primarily addresses the Malāmatiyyah-Sufi perspective on the greatest obstacle to spiritual progress, the nafs, a perspective which continues to influence Sufism today. INDEX WORDS: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, Formative Sufism, Malāmatīyyah, The Path of Blame, Spiritual Diseases, Nafs, Maladies of the Nafs and Their Remedies, Islamic spirituality, Adab, Soul THE MALADIES OF THE NAFS AND THEIR REMEDIES: AN ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION by RACHEL KEANE BA, University of Georgia, 2016 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2018 © 2018 Rachel Keane All Rights Reserved THE MALADIES OF THE NAFS AND THEIR REMEDIES: AN ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION by RACHEL KEANE Major Professor: Kenneth Honerkamp Committee: Alan Godlas Richard Friedman Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2018 DEDICATION بسم هللاا الرمحن الرحمي To my family: My mother, my father, my sister, my brother, and my dear Sam. -
Sufi Islamic Discourse in Africa
religions Article Sufi Islamic Discourse in Africa: From the Greatest Jihad to the Establishment of the African Caliphate Hamdy A. Hassan Department of International Studies, Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 19282, UAE; [email protected] Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 29 November 2020 Abstract: In the nineteenth century, African Muslim societies were marked by the emergence of a reformist Sufi Islamic discourse aimed at changing and moving away from traditional Islamic practices. Although this discourse was influenced, to some extent, by external sources of inspiration, it was linked to the local African context. This study demonstrates that the reformist discourse of major Sufi figures such as Sheikh Amadu Bamba in Senegal and Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio in Nigeria reflects a number of common features of Islamic reform in Africa, yet their reform programs were shaped by the conditions of the local context. This research contribution aims to understand the actual role that the discourse of Sufi spirituality played—and still does—in the religious, economic, and political life of Muslim societies in Africa. This study has shown that despite the prevailing belief that Sufi discourse does not tend to politicize as it tries to maintain a safe distance away from matters of politics and governance in order to achieve its message of moral and spiritual purity, it may turn into violent radicalism as embodied by the jihadist Sufi experience in West Africa. Keywords: Sufism; jihad; Islamic discourse; Muridiyya order; Caliphate; Amadu Bamba; Usman Dan Fodio 1. Introduction Islam has become, as Mazrui(1986) emphasizes, one of the main components of the triple cultural heritage of Africa. -
A Brief Account of Sufism and Its Socio-Moral Relevance Shagufta Begum ∗ & Aneeqa Batool Awan ∗∗
A Brief Account of Sufism and its Socio-Moral Relevance Shagufta Begum ∗ & Aneeqa Batool Awan ∗∗ Abstract Leaving aside the debate whether mystical religiosity is different only in degree or form in comparison to the non-mystical religiosity, this paper is going to address the brief account of Sufism and its moral exposition. In order to explore the moral vision of Sufism, it is necessary to examine the aims and practices of Sufis, their specific conception of religious knowledge and the popularization of their moral vision. By expounding the vision of Sufis, the paper will be concluded by analyzing the social-moral relevance of Sufism in current scheme. Keywords: Sufism; Love; Peace; God-Man Relationship. Introduction Today, the world has divided into different camps and we are in a state of war. Religion has been used as a tool in order to promote the political enmity and hatred. On the other hand, Modern Western thought has severely influenced the youth of our society. For them their own culture, religion and traditions are merely orthodoxy and they feel ashamed of being Muslims. In such a predicament, where the gap between religious teachings and the actions of its followers is so wide, the only way to reconstruct the relationship of Muslims with their religion could be possible through Sufi tendency. A harmonious unified system could only be maintained, when an inner and outer peace prevails in the society. As Individual and society are part and parcel of each other; the inner peace related with one’s inner-self will in turn influence the outer peace. -
Defending Sufism, Defining Islam: Asserting Islamic Identity in India
DEFENDING SUFISM, DEFINING ISLAM: ASSERTING ISLAMIC IDENTITY IN INDIA Rachana Rao Umashankar A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Dr. James L. Peacock Dr. Carl W. Ernst Dr. Margaret J. Wiener Dr. Lauren G. Leve Dr. Lorraine V. Aragon Dr. Katherine Pratt Ewing © 2012 Rachana Rao Umashankar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT RACHANA RAO UMASHANKAR: Defending Sufism, Defining Islam: Asserting Islamic identity in India (Under the direction of Dr. James L. Peacock and Dr. Lauren G. Leve) Based on thirteen months of intensive fieldwork at two primary sites in India, this dissertation describes how adherents of shrine-based Sufism assert their identity as Indian Muslims in the contexts of public debates over religion and belonging in India, and of reformist critiques of their Islamic beliefs and practices. Faced with opposition to their mode of Islam from reformist Muslim groups, and the challenges to their sense of national identity as members of a religious minority in India, I argue that adherents of shrine-based Sufism claim the sacred space of the Sufi shrine as a venue where both the core values of Islam and of India are given form and reproduced. For these adherents, contemporary shrine-based Sufism is a dynamic and creative force that manifests essential aspects of Islam that are also fundamental Indian values, and which are critical to the health of the nation today. The dissertation reveals that contested identities and internal religious debates can only be understood and interpreted within the broader framework of national and global debates over Islam and over the place of Islam in the Indian polity that shape them. -
Sufis, Sufism and Religion: a Comparative Study of Guru Nanak's
Sufis, Sufism and Religion: A Comparative Study of Guru Nanak’s and Sheikh Farid’s PJRS, Vol., 56, No2, July –December 2019) Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 56, Issue No.2 (July –December, 2019) Sumera Safdar* Muhammad Iqbal Chawla** Robina Shoeb*** Sufis, Sufism and Religion: A Comparative Study of Guru Nanak’s thoughts and approaches with those of Sheikh Farid’s Abstract Sufism is regarded as a unique style of understanding the existence of the Supreme Power (God) and practicing His orders for the betterment of the Society. In the medieval times, Sufism in India evolved into a refined form when Muslim, Hindu and Sikh Saints spelt out almost identical thoughts which benefited humanity. Out of this interaction, a new interpretation about Sufism and religion was brought forth by Baba Guru Nanak. Mostly, his sayings, messages and actions are recorded in the Granth Sahib. His philosophical thoughts and practices originated a new religion which is known as Sikhism. This religion is one of the major religions in the world. The holy book of the Sikh religion contains several pieces of writings of many thinkers, philosophers and Sufis. One such Muslim Sufi is Ghulam Farid Shakar Ganj whose poetry contains significant share in the Di Granth. Farid’s bani (special kind of poetry) invoke the inward mystical philosophy with different outward expression. He stresses on the self-realization for God’s realization. His poetry and mystical thoughts left a deep impact on the thought process and practices of Baba Guru Nanak. This study attempts to understand the philosophy and practices of Sufism in the medieval times. -
The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition
HarperOne• THE GARDEN OF TRUTH: The Vision and Promise if Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition. Copyright © 2007 by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or repro duced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address HarperCollins Publishers, IO East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. HarperCollins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promo tional use. For information please write: Special Markets Department, HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. HarperCollins Web site: http:/ /www.harpercollins.com HarperCollins®,. ®,and HarperOne™ are trademarks ofHarperCollins Publishers. Map spread on pages x-xi by Topaz Inc. FIRST HARPERCOLLINS PAPERBACK EDITION PUBLISHED IN 2008 Library if Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The garden of truth : the vision and practice of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition I Seyyed Hossein Nasr. -Ist ed. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-06-I6i599-2 I; Sufism-Doctrines. 2. Sufism-Customs and practices. I. Title. BPI89.3.N364 2007 297.4-dc22 o8 09 IO 11 I2 RRD(H) IO 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I In the Name of God, the Infinitely Good,• the All-Merciful Appendix One T THE SUFI TRADITION AND THE SUFI ORDERS Reflections on the Manifestation £?!Sufism in Time and Space The earth shall never be empty of the "proof of God." lfadith On this path the saints stand behind and before, Providing a sign of their spiritual station. -
Sufism: Spiritual and Cultural Traditions in India
Journal of History Culture and Art Research (ISSN: 2147-0626) Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2019 DOI: 10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2258 Citation: Mratkhuzina, G. F., Bobkov, D. V., Khabibullina, A. M. & Ahmad, I. G. (2019). Sufism: Spiritual and Cultural Traditions in India. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(3), 434- 441. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2258 Sufism: Spiritual and Cultural Traditions in India Guzel Ferdinandovna Mratkhuzina1, Dmitriy Vyacheslavovich Bobkov2, Alfiya Marselevna Khabibullina3, Ishtiak Gilkar Ahmad4 Abstract The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity of further research of cultural and spiritual traditions in India, for the study of the history of Islam spread and establishment, and for development of the Sufi doctrine formation theory. Taking into account the local history aspect of the topic, we note that now we are seeing a gradual restoration of Sufism in Tatarstan. It is a reference to the past of Sufism in the region, an appeal to the religious heritage of the Tatar people. The leading approach to the study of this topic is the theoretical and conceptual, historical and scholarly understanding of continuity in the sequential study of this topic. This article aims to achieve the following aims: the analysis and evaluation of Sufism as a constituent of Indian culture, aimed at ensuring the implementation of modern ethical and aesthetic concepts of Sunni Islam, their transformation in the mass consciousness of the Muslim peoples of India. The main results of this study are the identification and development of the accumulated material on the stated topic, and further development of its theoretical and practical bases.