Mentoring (Without Money)

Ann Guillot, MD, Program Director Vanessa Goodwin, Program Coordinator Jillia n Su lliva n, MD, Chie f Res ide nt Patty Rissacher, MD, Chief Resident Workshop Overview

• History of Mentoring • Literature Review • How does this fit into medicine/pediatrics – Competencies (professionalism) • Discussion on Mentoring • Our findings • TlTools to tak khe home • Summary Definition

Mentor • Etymology: – Latin, from Greek Mentōr • Date: – 1616 • 1. capitaldlized : a fdfdfriend of Odysseus entrusted dhh with the education of Odysseus' son Telemachus • 2. – a: a trusted counselor or guide – b: tutor; coach

•MerriamMerriam--WebsterWebster Dictionary, http://www.merriamhttp://www.merriam--webster.com/webster.com/, accessed 4/2008. Other Definitions

• “A confidential relationship between two individuals with the objective of proactively assisting the mentee with career development without providing formal evaluation.”

•Leslie K et al, Junior Faculty Experiences with Informal Mentoring. Medical Teacher 2005, 27;8:69327;8:693--8.8. Other Definitions

• “A mentor guides us to understand the inheritance within us and our full potential in this chosen profession.”

•Miller SM et al, Mentorship Matters: Mentor and Telemachus. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Medical Student and Resident Mentorship Program 2006. Other Definitions

“It is the supreme art of the mentor to awaken joy in expression and knowledge ”

----AlbertAlbert Einstein History of Mentoring The first mentor, Mentor • Greek Myygythology – When Odysseus left to fight the Trojan War, he left his kingdom with a friend, Mentor. – He also left his son TlTelemach us to M entor to be guided, educated, and protected – Mentor introduced Telemachus to other leaders; and prepared him to assume Telemachus and Mentor his adult responsibilities. The first mentor, Mentor • Mentor also helped Telemachus on his journey to find his father • Telemachus: “My father, Odysseus, is a warrior and hero; but in this of crisis, what will I do, what am I?”

Mentor and Telemachus • Mentor: “Climb aboard, for I will accompany you in this search and guide you.” •Miller SM et al, Mentorship Matters: Mentor and Telemachus. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Medical Student and Resident Mentorship Program 2006. Famous Mentors

• Socrates who mentored Plato • Plato who mentored Aristotle • Aristotle mentored Alexander the Great • Anne Sullivan mentor to • to Susan B. Anthony • Mrs. Flowers to • Eddy Me rc kx (fiveve--time T our d e Fr ance wi nner) mentored (seven(seven--timetime Tour de winner) Socrates and Plato

• 469 BC -399 BC • Described himself as: – ``amida mid-wife assisting the labour of the mind in bringing knowledge and wisdomisdom to birth ".

Marble sculpture of Socrates Socrates, the Mentor

• Socrates did not give his students answers, but only questions. • He showed his students how they could "pull" truth out of their own minds – Thus h e cons idere d Socrates (rubbing chin) discussing himself a midwife in the philosophy with his most famous pupil, labor of knowledge. Plato (()under tree). Plato and Aristotle

• Plato began mentoring Aristotle, then 18 years old, at the Academy of Plato • Aristotle later became one of Plato’s greatest critics Aristotle and Alexander the Great

• Aristotle,,, in his adulthood, was invited to the Macedonian capital of Pella by Philip II to tutor his 13 yearyear--oldold son, Alexander. • Aristotle “spared no effort in teaching him Greek Aristotle philosophy, history, and a reverence for all forms of knowledge.” Aristotle and Alexander the Great

•Green R. Alexander the Great. Aristotle and Alexander the Great

• Aristotle “filled Alexander with the curiosity that later drove him farther and farther east in hopes of finding the new world.” • Aristotle’s rewards for mentoring Alexander the Great were: – A chance to pursue his research under a powerful Greek state – He could influence the development of that state’s fu ture l ead er (Alexan der the Grea t) – It was a high honor – He was ppyaid very well

•Green R. Alexander the Great. Anne Sullivan

• Born on App,ril 14, 1866, in Agawam, . • She became nearly blind at the age of 5 (from trachoma) • She later regained some of her vision and graduated (valedictorian) from the Perkins Institute for the Blind Anne Sullivan

American Foundation for the Blind Anne Sullivan

• Anne met Helen Keller when Helen was 77--atat the request of Helen’s mother, Kate

• Helen was described as a “wild child”—child”—becausebecause of blindness and deafness, it was nearlily impossibl iblfhe for her to communicate with others.

• KhhdfhKate wrote to the head of the Perkins School to ask for a teacher for Helen and they sent their star student, Anne Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Sullivan. American Foundation for the Blind Anne Sullivan

• She was able to see a future for Helen that Helen had no idea could exist. • She attended classes with Keller and tutored her through the Perkins Institute, The Cambridge School for Young Ladies and .

American Foundation for the Blind The Water Pump: A Critical Event • Soon, Anne realized she needdded another metho d to make Helen understand words and their meaning. • She began to teac h He len letters, by signing them into her palm. • AhldHl'hdAnne held Helen's hand under a pump while signing WW--AA--TT--EE--RR into her palm. The word came to life , in one moment. • She learned 30 words that day.

American Foundation for the Blind Anne Sullivan

• As Helen enjoyed being outside, Anne used the outdoors as her classroom. • She taught her to touch, smell, and experience nature. • She encouraged Helen to ask questions, and to discover the world around her.

Helen Keller American Foundation for the Blind Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth and Susan (5 years her junior) met in March 1851 • These two women not only “developed a deep friendship but also helped each other prepare themselves to change women’s lives .” • Susan thrived under Elizabeth’s tutelage – Politics ––LawLaw – Philosophy • Elizabeth (unable to leave her home Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton because of her seven children) was “stimulated by Anthony’s thoughtful critiques of her ideas. ” • Susan did not permit Elizabeth to be idle, “always pushing her to write one more speech, one more manifesto.”

•Burns K. Not For Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony • Worked as a team for the women’s rights movement – Elizabeth did the writing – Susan managed the b usiness of the movement • Together, they published the Revolution (a woman’s newspaper) and formed the Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton National Women’s Suffrag e Association

Source: www.americaslibrary.gov

••EddEddy Merckx • 55--timetime Tour de France winner • Known as “the cannibal,” dominating from 19681968--19771977 • Met Lance Armstrong in 1993 – Eddy on Lance’s ability to race—race—HeHe thought Lance was a great competitor, but was convinced that, at 180 lbs, Lance was too heavy to win the Tour de France . – “Around the same time, I met the legendary Belgian rider Eddy Merckx…one of the most ferocious attacking riders who’s ever lived. I had heard all the stories about Merckx,,, what a brave hardhard--charcharggging rider he was, and I thought that was the kind of rider I wanted to be” – Lance Armstrong

•Armstrong L. It’s Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. Eddy Merckx

• Helped Lance recover after testicular surgery to win the Tour de France seven times • He was there with Lance through his most difficult moments, fighting testicular cancer – “[He] cooked for me and took me on short walks and rides.”

•Armstrong L. It’s Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. Mrs. Flowers

• Mentor to Mayyga Angelou • “Mrs. Flowers took me to the library in the black school. The library was probably as large as a telephone booth. It may have had 110 books in it , maybe . She said, "I want you to read every book in this room." And I found poetry. And I loved it, I just loved it. • I cons ider t hat a life line, because fina lly, w hen I was about 12 and a half, almost 13, Mrs. Flowers --who would allow me to come to her house and she would read to me -- when I was almost 13 she said, you will never really love poetry until you speak it, feel it come across yyg,ypour tongue, over your lips.”

•Harvard College: Who Mentored You?, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/chc/wmy2007/Celebrities/maya_angelou.htm accessed 3/2008