Ted Opitz Appelant C. Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Procureur Général

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Ted Opitz Appelant C. Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Procureur Général 76 OPITZ v. WRZESNEWSKYJ [2012] 3 S.C.R. Ted Opitz Appellant Ted Opitz Appelant v. c. Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Attorney General of Borys Wrzesnewskyj, procureur général du Canada, Marc Mayrand (Chief Electoral Canada, Marc Mayrand (directeur général Officer), Allan Sperling (Returning Officer, des élections), Allan Sperling (directeur de Etobicoke Centre), Sarah Thompson and scrutin, Etobicoke‑Centre), Sarah Thompson Katarina Zoricic Respondents et Katarina Zoricic Intimés - and - - et - Borys Wrzesnewskyj Appellant Borys Wrzesnewskyj Appelant v. c. Ted Opitz, Attorney General of Canada, Ted Opitz, procureur général du Canada, Marc Mayrand (Chief Electoral Officer) and Marc Mayrand (directeur général des Allan Sperling (Returning Officer, Etobicoke élections) et Allan Sperling (directeur de Centre) Respondents scrutin, Etobicoke‑Centre) Intimés and et Keith Archer (Chief Electoral Officer of Keith Archer (Chief Electoral Officer of British Columbia), O. Brian Fjeldheim (Chief British Columbia), O. Brian Fjeldheim (Chief Electoral Officer of Alberta) and Canadian Electoral Officer of Alberta) et Association Civil Liberties Association Interveners canadienne des libertés civiles Intervenants Indexed as: Opitz v. Wrzesnewskyj Répertorié : Opitz c. Wrzesnewskyj 2012 SCC 55 2012 CSC 55 File No.: 34845. No du greffe : 34845. 2012: July 10; 2012: October 25. 2012 : 10 juillet; 2012 : 25 octobre. Present: McLachlin C.J. and LeBel, Deschamps, Fish, Présents : La juge en chef McLachlin et les juges LeBel, Abella, Rothstein and Moldaver JJ. Deschamps, Fish, Abella, Rothstein et Moldaver. on appeal from the ontario superior en appel de la cour supérieure de justice court of justice de L’ontario Elections — Contested election application — Candi- Élections — Requête en contestation d’une élec- date defeated in federal election by a margin of 26 votes tion — Allégations d’« irrégularité[s] [. .] ayant influé alleging “irregularities . that affected the result of the sur le résultat de l’élection » formulées par un candidat election” — Whether election in electoral district should défait par 26 voix à une élection fédérale — L’élection be annulled — Canada Elections Act, S.C. 2000, c. 9, dans la circonscription doit-elle être annulée? — Loi ss. 524(1)(b), 531(2). électorale du Canada, L.C. 2000, ch. 9, art. 524(1)b), 531(2). [2012] 3 R.C.S. OPITZ c. WRZESNEWSKYJ 77 Evidence — Fresh evidence — Relevance and reli- Preuve — Nouvel élément de preuve — Pertinence et ability — Motion seeking to adduce evidence from na- fiabilité — Requête en vue de présenter en appel une nou- tional registry of electors on appeal — Whether fresh velle preuve tirée du registre national des électeurs — Ce evidence should be admitted. nouvel élément de preuve devrait-il être admis? O was the successful candidate in the electoral O a remporté la 41e élection fédérale dans la cir- district of Etobicoke Centre for the 41st Canadian conscription d’Etobicoke-Centre par une majorité de federal election, with a plurality of 26 votes. The 26 voix. W, le candidat qui s’est classé deuxième, a runner-up, W, applied to have the election annulled, on demandé, par voie de requête, l’annulation de l’élec- the basis that there were “irregularities . that affected tion pour cause d’« irrégularité[s] [. .] ayant influé sur the result of the election” (s. 524(1)(b) of the Canada le résultat de l’élection » (al. 524(1)b) de la Loi électo- Elections Act (“Act”)). The Ontario Superior Court of rale du Canada (« Loi »)). La Cour supérieure de justice Justice granted the application, finding that 79 votes de l’Ontario a accueilli la requête estimant que 79 votes amounted to such irregularities and that, since this constituaient des irrégularités de ce type et que, comme number exceeded the plurality of 26 votes, the election ce nombre était supérieur à la majorité de 26 voix, l’élec- could not stand. O appealed to the Supreme Court of tion ne pouvait être confirmée. O a interjeté appel de Canada as of right, and W cross-appealed (s. 532(1) of plein droit à la Cour suprême du Canada et W a formé the Act). The Chief Electoral Officer and the returning un appel incident (par. 532(1) de la Loi). De plus, le officer for Etobicoke Centre also brought a motion for directeur général des élections et le directeur du scrutin directions, seeking to adduce fresh evidence, pursuant d’Etobicoke-Centre ont demandé des directives par voie to s. 62(3) of the Supreme Court Act. de requête afin de produire une nouvelle preuve, confor- mément au par. 62(3) de la Loi sur la Cour suprême. Held (McLachlin C.J. and LeBel and Fish JJ. dis- Arrêt (la juge en chef McLachlin et les juges LeBel senting): The appeal should be allowed and the cross- et Fish sont dissidents) : Le pourvoi est accueilli et le appeal should be dismissed. The motion to adduce fresh pourvoi incident est rejeté. La requête en présentation evidence should be dismissed. d’une nouvelle preuve est rejetée. Per Deschamps, Abella, Rothstein and Moldaver Les juges Deschamps, Abella, Rothstein et JJ.: W asks this Court to disqualify the votes of sev- Moldaver : W demande à la Cour de rejeter les votes de eral Canadian citizens on account of administrative plusieurs citoyens canadiens en raison d’erreurs admi- mistakes, notwithstanding evidence that those citizens nistratives même si, selon la preuve, ces citoyens avaient were entitled to vote. The invitation to do so should be en fait le droit de voter. Il n’est pas fait droit à cette declined. There is no allegation in this case of any fraud demande. Aucune allégation de fraude, de manœuvre or wrongdoing. frauduleuse ou d’acte illégal n’a été formulée. In accordance with s. 3 of the Canadian Charter of Selon l’art. 3 de la Charte canadienne des droits et Rights and Freedoms and a plain reading of s. 6 of the libertés et les termes clairs de l’art. 6 de la Loi, le droit Act, there are only three fundamental prerequisites to de voter est assujetti à seulement trois conditions fon- the right to vote (or “entitlement” to vote). A person damentales : avoir atteint l’âge de 18 ans, être citoyen must be 18 years of age or older, a Canadian citizen and canadien et résider dans la circonscription. La Loi éta- a resident in the electoral district (or “riding”). The Act blit différentes mesures de contrôle procédurales per- provides various procedural safeguards that allow per- mettant à toute personne de convaincre les fonctionnai- sons to satisfy election officials that they are entitled to res électoraux qu’elle a le droit de voter et empêchant vote and prevent those not entitled to vote from voting. toute personne qui n’a pas le droit de voter de participer Examples of such procedural safeguards are the lists of au scrutin. Ces mesures de contrôle procédurales com- electors, registration procedures and identification and prennent, par exemple, les listes électorales, les procé- vouching requirements. dures d’inscription et les exigences relatives à l’identifi- cation par un répondant. Lower courts have taken two approaches to deter- Les tribunaux d’instance inférieure ont employé mining whether votes should be invalidated on account deux approches pour déterminer si des votes doivent of irregularities. Under the strict procedural approach, être écartés pour cause d’irrégularités. Selon l’approche a vote is invalid if an election official fails to follow procédurale stricte, un vote est invalide si un fonction- any one of the procedures aimed at establishing enti- naire électoral ne respecte pas une procédure quelcon- tlement. Under the substantive approach, an election que visant à établir le droit de voter. Suivant l’approche 78 OPITZ v. WRZESNEWSKYJ [2012] 3 S.C.R. official’s failure to follow a procedural safeguard is not substantielle, le non-respect d’une mesure de contrôle determinative. Only votes cast by persons not entitled procédurale par un fonctionnaire électoral n’est pas to vote are invalid. The substantive approach should be déterminant. Seuls les votes émanant de personnes qui adopted, as it effectuates the underlying Charter right n’ont pas le droit de voter sont invalides. L’approche to vote, not merely the procedures used to facilitate that substantielle est indiquée, parce qu’elle donne effet au right. droit de vote sous-jacent garanti par la Charte et non simplement aux procédures utilisées pour en faciliter l’exercice. The substantive approach has two steps under L’approche substantielle comporte deux étapes en s. 524(1)(b). First, an applicant must demonstrate that application de l’al. 524(1)b). Premièrement, le requérant there was a breach of a statutory provision designed to doit prouver qu’il y a eu manquement à une disposition establish the elector’s entitlement to vote. An applicant législative visant à établir qu’un électeur a le droit de who has successfully done so has established an “irreg- voter. Le requérant qui réussit à faire cette preuve établit ularity”. Second, the applicant must demonstrate that ainsi l’existence d’une « irrégularité ». Deuxièmement, someone not entitled to vote, voted. He may do so using le requérant doit démontrer qu’une personne a voté circumstantial evidence. This second step establishes sans en avoir le droit. Pour ce faire, il peut utiliser une that the irregularity “affected the result” of the elec- preuve circonstancielle. Cette deuxième étape établit tion. Under this approach, an applicant who has led evi- que l’irrégularité « [a] influé sur le résultat » de l’élec- dence from which an “irregularity” could be found will tion. Selon cette approche, le requérant s’acquitte du have met his prima facie evidentiary burden. At that fardeau de preuve prima facie qui lui incombe en pro- point, the respondent can point to evidence from which duisant une preuve qui permet de conclure à l’existence it may reasonably be inferred that no “irregularity” oc- d’une « irrégularité ».
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