AOU Check-list Supplement

The Auk 117(3):847–858, 2000

FORTY-SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN

This first Supplement since publication of the 7th Icterus prosthemelas, Lonchura cantans, and L. atricap- edition (1998) of the AOU Check-list of North American illa); (3) four are changed (Caracara cheriway, Birds summarizes changes made by the Committee Glaucidium costaricanum, Myrmotherula pacifica, Pica on Classification and Nomenclature between its re- hudsonia) and one added (Caracara lutosa) by splits constitution in late 1998 and 31 January 2000. Be- from now-extralimital forms; (4) four scientific cause the makeup of the Committee has changed sig- names of species are changed because of generic re- nificantly since publication of the 7th edition, it allocation (Ibycter americanus, Stercorarius skua, S. seems appropriate to outline the way in which the maccormicki, Molothrus oryzivorus); (5) one specific current Committee operates. The philosophy of the name is changed for nomenclatural reasons (Baeolo- Committee is to retain the present taxonomic or dis- phus ridgwayi); (6) the spelling of five species names tributional status unless substantial and convincing is changed to make them gramatically correct rela- evidence is published that a change should be made. tive to the generic name (Jacamerops aureus, Poecile The Committee maintains an extensive agenda of atricapilla, P. hudsonica, P. cincta, Buarremon brunnein- potential action items, including possible taxonomic ucha); (7) one English name is changed to conform to changes and changes to the list of species included worldwide use (Long-tailed Duck), one is changed in the main text or the Appendix. Many of these are by removing an unneeded modifier (White Tern), derived from statements of varying taxonomic treat- and five are changed because of species splits (Great- ments mentioned in notes in species accounts in the er Sage-Grouse, Western , Greater Antillean 7th edition. Each member has accepted primary re- Oriole, Indian Silverbill, Tricolored Munia); and (8) sponsibility for certain groups of birds or for partic- seven species are added to the Appendix (Oceano- ular distributional or other matters. When a sugges- droma monorhis, Circus aeruginosus, Larus genei, L. no- tion for a change in taxonomic, nomenclatural, or vaehollandiae, Phaethornis yaruqui, Tachycineta albiven- distributional status is published, the member with ter, Oryzoborus angolensis). The 15 additions to the responsibility for the affected group studies the sit- main list bring the number of species recognized as uation and prepares a proposal for (or against) occurring in the Check-list area (main list) to 2,023. change. The Committee also considers proposals or This Supplement also makes some technical nomen- suggestions by nonmembers if accompanied by ad- clatural and spelling changes that were not included equate justification or evidence. Proposals, with rec- with errata in the Notice from the Committee in Auk ommendations, are circulated among the Committee 116:282–283, 1999. Literature that provides the basis and a period of discussion ensues, mainly by e-mail. for the Committee’s decisions is cited at the end of Advice may be solicited from colleagues who are not the Supplement, and citations not already in the Lit- members of the Committee. Eventually, a vote is tak- erature Cited of the 7th edition become additions to en. If approved, the proposal becomes an item for the it. An updated list of species known from the Check- next Supplement. If the proposal is not accepted, it list area may be accessed from Ͻhttp://www. returns to the agenda to await additional evidence. nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/index.htmlϾ on the inter- The Committee attempts to meet annually at the net. AOU meeting. Members of the Committee are also The following changes to the 7th edition (page working toward a future edition of the Check-list that numbers refer thereto) result from the Committee’s will include statements of geographic variation and actions: a treatment at the subspecific level. Changes in this Supplement fall into eight cate- pp. xvii-liv. In the list of species known from gories: (1) three species are added to the main list the Check-list area, change 2,008 to 2,023. In the list, because of new distributional information (Ardeola insert the following species in the proper position as bacchus, Milvus migrans, Emberiza elegans); (2) 11 spe- indicated by the text of this Supplement: cies are added to the list because of splitting of spe- Sula granti Nazca Booby. cies previously on the list (Sula granti, Centrocercus Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond-Heron. minimus, Picoides arizonae, Dendroica subita, D. delicata, Milvus migrans Black Kite. Spindalis nigricephala, S. dominicensis, S. portoricensis, †Caracara lutosa Guadalupe Caracara. 847 848 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117

Centrocercus minimus Gunnison Sage-Grouse. Sula granti Rothschild, 1902, Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Glaucidium costaricanum Costa Rican Pygmy-. Club 13: 7. (Galapagos Archipelago ϭ Culpepper Is- Picoides arizonae Arizona . land, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool. 32: 274, 1925.) Myrmotherula pacifica Pacific Antwren. .—Pelagic waters; nests on cliffs on is- Dendroica subita Barbuda Warbler. lands. Dendroica delicata St. Lucia Warbler. Distribution.—Breeds in the eastern Pacific on the Spindalis nigricephala . Galapagos Islands, Isla La Plata, Ecuador, and Mal- Spindalis dominicensis . pelo Island off Colombia, and in small numbers on Spindalis portoricensis . Clipperton Island and the Revillagigedos. Emberiza elegans Yellow-throated Bunting. Ranges at sea off Middle America in the southern Icterus prosthemelas Black-cowled Oriole. Gulf of California and from Colima, Mexico, to Ec- Lonchura cantans African Silverbill (I). uador. Lonchura atricapilla Chestnut Munia (I). Notes.—Formerly considered a of S. Change the following English names: dactylatra, but separated by Pitman and Jehl (1998). Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck. See comments under S. dactylatra. Centrocercus urophasianus Greater Sage-Grouse. Gygis alba White Tern. p. 32. In the Notes under the Phalacrocorax, Spindalis zena . the name Hypoleucus should be Hypoleucos. Icterus dominicensis Greater Antillean Oriole. Lonchura malabarica Indian Silverbill (I). p. 44. Before the genus Butorides, insert: Lonchura malacca Tricolored Munia (I). Change the following scientific names, with no Genus ARDEOLA Boie change in English names: Ardeola Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, col. 559. Type, by Daptrius americanus to Ibycter americanus monotypy, Ardea ralloides Scopoli. Caracara plancus to Caracara cheriway Catharacta skua to Stercorarius skua Ardeola bacchus (Bonaparte). Chinese Pond-Heron. Catharacta maccormicki to Stercorarius maccormi- Buphus bacchus Bonaparte, 1855, Consp. Gen. Av- cki ium, 2:127. (Malay Peninsula.) Jacamerops aurea to Jacamerops aureus Pica pica to Pica hudsonia Habitat.—Marshland, rice fields, riverbanks, man- Poecile atricapillus to Poecile atricapilla groves, tidepools, and margins of fish ponds. Poecile hudsonicus to Poecile hudsonica Distribution.—Breeds from central Manchuria Poecile cinctus to Poecile cincta and Inner Mongolia south through eastern China Baeolophus griseus to Baeolophus ridgwayi and Taiwan to Assam, northern Indochina, and Hai- Buarremon brunneinuchus to Buarremon brunneinu- nan. cha Winters in the southern part of the breeding range Scaphidura oryzivora to Molothrus oryzivorus and to Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Myanmar (Burma), Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Sulawesi. Delete the following names: Wanders to Siberia, Korea, Japan, and Sri Lanka. Glaucidium jardinii Andean Pygmy-Owl. Accidental on St. Paul Island, Pribilofs, Alaska, 4– Myrmotherula surinamensis Streaked Antwren. 9 August 1996 (Gibson and Kessel 1997, Hoyer and Move Icterus bullockii to position following I. pus- Smith 1997). tulatus p. 81. The Committee was petitioned by a group of p. 28. Sula granti is recognized as a species distinct biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in from S. dactylatra, as proposed by Pitman and Jehl Alaska to change the English name of Clangula hye- (1998), on the basis of differences in bill color, size malis from Oldsquaw to Long-tailed Duck, the name and proportions, some color characters in both ju- used for the species outside of North America. The venal and definitive plumages, preferred nesting basis for the petition was that the species is declining habitat, and pelagic nonbreeding ranges. Modify the in numbers in Alaska, and conservation manage- breeding distribution of Sula dactylatra by removing ment plans require the help and cooperation of Na- the phrase ‘‘and in the Galapagos’’ and the word tive Americans. The biologists were concerned that ‘‘Ecuador.’’ Add to the Notes under S. dactylatra: the name Oldsquaw would offend the Native Amer- Some old sight reports may pertain to S. granti (e.g. icans. Requests to change the name had been made Roberson 1998). Insert the following after the ac- to the Committee in past years by some who consider count for S. dactylatra: the word ‘‘squaw’’ to be offensive. The Committee declines to consider political correctness alone in Sula granti Rothschild. Nazca Booby. changing long-standing English names of birds but July 2000] Forty-second Supplement 849 is willing in this instance to adopt an alternative these genera differ in syringeal morphology and mi- name that is in use in much of the world. tochondrial DNA (Griffiths 1994b, 1999) and in ecol- ogy (Brown and Amadon 1968). The genetic studies Change English name of Clangula hyemalis from show that Daptrius is paraphyletic if americanus is in- Oldsquaw to Long-tailed Duck, to conform with En- cluded. Replace the heading and citation for Genus glish usage in other parts of the world. Change Notes Daptrius with: to read: Formerly known as Oldsquaw in North America. Genus IBYCTER Vieillot

p. 91. After Ictinia plumbea, insert the following ac- Ibycter Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 22. Type, by mon- count: otypy, Falco americanus Boddaert. Change the species heading from Daptrius ameri- Genus MILVUS Lace´pe`de, 1799 canus (Boddaert) to Ibycter americanus (Boddaert). Milvus Lace´pe`de, 1799, Tab. Mamm. Ois., p. 4. Change the Notes at the end of the species account Type, by tautonomy, Falco milvus Linnaeus. to read: Formerly placed in the genus Daptrius Vieil- lot, 1816, but separated on the suggestions of Brown Milvus migrans (Boddaert). Black Kite. and Amadon (1968) and Griffiths (1994b, 1999).

Falco migrans Boddaert, 1783, Table Planches En- p. 106. The three groups in Caracara plancus are rec- lum., p. 28. Based on ‘‘Le Milan noir’’ of Daubenton, ognized as distinct species following an analysis of Planches Enlum., pl. 472. (France.) plumage, morphology, and reported hybridization by Dove and Banks (1999). Replace the account for Habitat.—Riparian areas, open woodland, forest now extralimital C. plancus with the following two edge, coastal wetlands, farmland, garbage dumps, accounts: and cities. Distribution.—Breeds (migrans group) in Eurasia Caracara cheriway (Jacquin). Crested Caracara. from Finland to western Siberia and south to islands Falco cheriway Jacquin, 1784, Beytr. Gesch. Vo¨gel., p. in the Mediterranean Sea and northwestern Africa, 17, pl. 4. (Aruba.) the Near East and Arabia, east through India and south to Sri Lanka and southwestern China and Habitat.—Arid Lowland Scrub, Arid Montane south through southeast Asia to Australia, and in Scrub, Low Seasonally Wet Grassland, Second- much of Africa; and (lineatus group) in eastern Si- growth Scrub, lowland pine savanna (0–3,000 m; beria and Japan south through China to northern In- Tropical to Temperate zones). dia, Burma, and the Ryukyu Islands. Distribution.—As cheriway group in plancus ac- Winters (migrans group) from southern Eurasia to count. southern Africa and southern Australia; and (lineatus Notes.—Formerly combined with the South Amer- group) from southern Iraq to China and Japan, south ican Caracara plancus (Miller, 1777) [Southern Cara- to southern India, Sri Lanka, and southeast Asia. cara] and C. lutosus as Crested Caracara, but sepa- Accidental (group unknown) in the Mariana Is- rated by Dove and Banks (1999). lands, and (lineatus group) in Hawaii on Sand Island, †Caracara lutosa (Ridgway). Guadalupe Caracara. Midway, 1994–1995 (R. L. Pyle pers. comm.) and 1998 (Field Notes, 1998, pp. 147, 261, 272). Photo- Polyborus lutosus Ridgway, 1876, Bull. U. S. Geol. graphs documenting both Midway occurrences are Geogr. Surv. Terr. 1:459. (Guadalupe Island, Lower on file in the Hawaii Rare Bird Documentary Pho- California.) tograph File at the B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Habitat.—Arid Lowland Scrub. Notes.—Stresemann and Amadon in Mayr and Distribution.—as lutosa group in plancus account. Cottrell (1979) and Sibley and Monroe (1990) consid- Notes.—See notes under C. cheriway. ered the two groups to be allospecies, M. migrans (Boddaert, 1783) [Black Kite] and M. lineatus (Gray, p. 119. On the basis of genetic differences (Kahn et 1831) [Black-eared Kite]. Sibley and Monroe (1993: al. 1999, Oyler-McCance et al. 1999) and differences 40) further separated the birds in Arabia and eastern in size (Hupp and Braun 1991), courtship behavior and southern Africa as a group aegyptius (Gmelin, (calls, strut rate; Young et al. 1994), tail pattern, and 1788) [Yellow-billed Kite] within M. migrans. modified body plumes (Young et al. 2000), the Gun- nison Sage-Grouse, Centrocercus minimus, is recog- p. 105. In the Notes under Family Falconidae, nized as a species distinct from the Greater Sage- change Griffiths (1994) to Griffiths (1994a). Grouse, C. urophasianus. Change the English name of C. urophasianus to Greater Sage-Grouse and modify p. 106. The Red-throated Caracara is moved from the Distribution and Notes sections of the account for the genus Daptrius to the genus Ibycter. Members of C. urophasianus as follows: 850 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117

Distribution.—Resident locally (formerly more Replace the species heading Catharacta skua Bru¨n- widespread) in eastern (Mono County) and north- nich with Stercorarius skua (Bru¨nnich). Throughout eastern California, and from eastern Oregon, central the account, change group name antarctica to antarc- Washington, southeastern Alberta, southwestern ticus and replace the generic initial C. with S. Saskatchewan, Montana, and southwestern North Dakota south to central Nevada, northern Utah, Wy- p. 182. Replace the species heading Catharacta mac- oming, northern Colorado, and southwestern South cormicki (Saunders) with Stercorarius maccormicki Dakota. Formerly north to southern British Colum- Saunders. In the Notes for that species, change the bia (Okanagan Valley) and east to western Nebraska. generic initial C. to S. and add: Formerly placed in Notes.—Formerly included C. minimus and known the genus Catharacta. as the Sage Grouse. In the Notes under Stercorarius pomarinus, delete Insert the following new account for C. minimus: ‘‘(Catharacta)’’ and add: Braun and Brumfield (1998) suggested that pomarinus be placed in the monotypic Centrocercus minimus Bradbury and Vehrencamp. genus Coprotheres, between Catharacta and Stercorar- Gunnison Sage-Grouse. ius. The complex phylogenetic relationships are best Centrocercus minimus Bradbury and Vehrencamp, expressed by considering all species in a single genus 1998, Principles of Communication, cover, iv, (Andersson 1999). 770. (Gunnison, Colorado.) p. 207. Change the English name of Gygis alba, Habitat.—Sagebrush, sagebrush dominated shrub- Common White-Tern, to White Tern. steppe. Distribution.—Resident locally in the Gunnison pp. 257–258. The distribution of Bubo virginianus is Basin and southwestern Colorado south of the Eagle restated to recognize existence of a gap in Central and Colorado rivers, and in adjacent southeastern America (Olson 1997). Modify the paragraph as fol- Utah east of the Colorado River. Formerly wide- lows: spread but discontinuous in southern Colorado and extreme eastern Utah. Early records of sage-grouse Distribution.—Breeds from...and Newfound- from northeastern Arizona, southwestern Kansas, land south to Honduras, rarely in Guatemala and El northern New Mexico, and western Oklahoma are Salvador, and perhaps in north-central Nicaragua, presumed to have been of this species rather than C. and from northern Colombia and Venezuela south to urophasianus (Young et al. 2000). Tierra del Fuego (except for most of Amazonia). Ab- Notes.—Formerly considered part of C. urophasi- sent from the West Indies, most other islands, and anus but shown to be distinct by Hupp and Braun apparently much of Central America. (1991), Young et al. (1994), Kahn et al. (1999), Oyler- McCance et al. (1999), and Young et al. (2000). p. 259. Pygmy- in Costa Rica and Panama pre- viously assigned to Glaucidium jardinii are recog- p. 120. In the citation for Lagopus mutus, change the nized as a distinct species, G. costaricanum, following date of publication to 1781 (fide Tyrberg 1998). Robbins and Stiles (1999). Vocalizations and bio- chemical studies indicate a closer relationship to p. 181. A series of studies on molecular genetics members of the G. gnoma complex than to G. jardinii (Cohen et al. 1997, Andersson 1999, Braun and (Ko¨nig 1991, Heidrich et al. 1995, Robbins and Stiles Brumfield 1998) have shown that relationships of the 1999). However, G. costaricanum is separated from G. skuas and jaegers are best expressed by placing all gnoma on the basis of differences in plumage color, of the species in a single genus. This supports earlier morphology, voice, habitat, and mtDNA (Robbins suggestions based on studies of behavior (Andersson and Stiles 1999). Replace the account for G. jardinii, 1973) and parasite faunas (Cohen et al. 1997). The ge- now extralimital, with the following: nus Catharacta is merged into the genus Stercorarius. Glaucidium costaricanum L. Kelso. Costa Rican Pyg- Delete the words ‘‘genera and’’ from the Notes under my-Owl. Subfamily Stercorariinae. Move the generic heading for the genus Stercorarius on p. 182 to replace the ge- Glaucidium jardinii costaricanum L. Kelso, 1937, Auk neric name Catharacta Bru¨ nnich, and add the cita- 54:304. (Costa Rica.) tions for Catharacta Bru¨nnich and Megalestris Bona- Habitat.—Montane Evergreen Forest (2000–3400 parte to the synonymy of Stercorarius in the order m; Subtropical and Temperate zones). Stercorarius, Catharacta, Coprotheres, Megalestris. Un- Distribution.—Resident in the mountains of cen- der the generic heading and synonymy, insert: tral Costa Rica south and east to western Panama Notes.—We follow Andersson (1999) in merging (Chiriquı´ and Veraguas). Catharacta into Stercorarius on the basis of studies of Notes.—Formerly considered a subspecies of G. molecular genetics and reconsideration of other data. jardinii (Bonaparte, 1855) [Andean Pygmy-Owl], but July 2000] Forty-second Supplement 851 shown to be more closely allied to the G. gnoma com- wren] but separated by Isler et al. (1999). The form plex (Robbins and Stiles 1999). multostriata Sclater, 1858 [Amazonian Streaked-Ant- wren] of southern and western Amazonia also is p. 292. Place a dagger, to indicate extinct status, be- split from M. surinamensis [Guianan Streaked-Ant- fore the name Chlorostilbon bracei. wren] of northeastern Amazonia by those authors.

p. 328. Change the specific name of the Great Jac- p. 368. In the citation for the genus Myrmornis, the amar to aureus, to agree in gender with the masculine page number 180 should be 188. generic name Jacamerops. p. 448. North American Pica hudsonia is treated as p. 340. Picoides arizonae is split from the disjunct P. a species distinct from Old World P. pica, which be- stricklandi on the basis of differences in morphology, comes extralimital, on the basis of a number of mor- behavior, and habitat (Davis 1965, Ligon 1968, John- phologic, behavioral, and genetic characters (Birk- son et al. 1999). Insert the following account before head 1991, Enggist-Dublin and Birkhead 1992, Zink that of P. stricklandi: et al. 1995). Picoides arizonae (Hargitt). Arizona Woodpecker. Replace P.pica account with account of P.hudsonia. Picus arizonae Hargitt, 1886, Ibis, p. 115. (Santa Rita Pica hudsonia (Sabine). Black-billed Magpie. Mts., Arizona.) Corvus hudsonius Sabine, 1823, in Franklin, Narr. Habitat.—Oak and pine-oak woodland and ripar- Journ. Polar Sea, 1823, p. 671. (Cumberland House, ϭ ian vegetation (1,200–2,400 m; upper Subtropical Hudson Bay [ Cumberland House, Saskatchewan].) zone). Habitat.—Open country with scattered trees, ri- Distribution.—That of the arizonae group in 7th parian and open woodland, forest edge, and farm- ed. account of P. stricklandi. lands. Notes.—Often considered conspecific with P. Distribution.—Resident from south-coastal Alaska stricklandi (Davis 1965, Short 1982), but see Ligon (west to the Alaska Peninsula and Shumagin Is- (1968) and Johnson et al. (1999). Also called Brown- lands), southern Yukon, northern Alberta, central backed Woodpecker, but that name should be re- Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, extreme south- stricted to the African Dendrocopos obsoletus (Wagler, western Ontario, and northern Minnesota south to 1829). northeastern and east-central California (to Inyo In Picoides stricklandi account, change habitat to County), south-central Nevada, Utah, extreme north- read ‘‘Coniferous forest (2,500–4,100 m; Temperate eastern Arizona (Apache County, formerly more Zone).’’ Remove arizonae group from Distribution. widespread), northern New Mexico, western (casu- Change Notes to read: ‘‘See comments under P. ari- ally northeastern) Oklahoma, central Kansas, and zonae.’’ Nebraska (except southeastern). Absent from coastal areas and regions from southeastern Alaska south- p. 364. Myrmotherula pacifica is separated as a spe- ward and west of the Cascade range and Sierra Ne- cies distinct from M. surinamensis, now extralimital, vada. on the basis of differences in vocalizations and in col- Wanders as in paragraph at top of p. 449. or patterns of females (Isler et al. 1999). Replace the Notes.—Formerly considered a subspecies of Old account of M. surinamensis with the following: World Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758) [Eurasian Magpie], but separated on the basis of differences summa- Myrmotherula pacifica Hellmayr. Pacific Antwren. rized by Birkhead (1991) and Enggist-Dublin and Birkhead (1992). Vocal and behavioral data suggest Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica Hellmayr, 1911, that P. hudsonia is more closely related to P. nuttalli Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1159 (Buenaventura, than to P. pica. All taxa in Pica were considered con- Choco´, [depto. Valle], W. Colombia.) specific by Phillips (1986). Habitat.—River-edge Forest, Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest Edge, Secondary Forest (0–600 m; p. 449. Change Notes for P. nuttalli to read: ‘‘See Tropical zone). comments under P. hudsonia, and Verbeek (1972).’’ Distribution.—Resident from Panama (entire Ca- ribbean slope, and Pacific drainage west to western p. 455. Add to the distribution of Progne cryptoleuca Panama´ province) south on the west side of the An- a statement ‘‘Accidental in Florida (Key West, 9 May des to southwestern Ecuador (northwestern Azuay), 1895).’’ Add to the Notes: Other Florida records men- and east in the northern Colombian lowlands to the tioned in earlier Check-lists are of P. subis (Banks Rı´o Magdalena Valley (Santander). 2000). Notes.—Formerly considered a subspecies of Myr- motherula surinamensis (Gmelin, 1788) [Streaked Ant- pp. 461–462. In the headings for Petrochelidon pyr- 852 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117 rhonota and P.fulva, the name Vieillot should be in pa- Distribution.—Resident on Barbuda in the Lesser rentheses, (Vieillot). Antilles. Notes.—See comments under D. adelaidae. In the account of Petrochelidon fulva, the group name pelodoma should be changed to pallida because Dendroica delicata Ridgway. St. Lucia Warbler. the latter is not preoccupied by the former in the ge- Dendroica adelaidae delicata Ridgway, 1883, Proc. nus Petrochelidon. The sentence to that effect should U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 (1882): 525. (St. Lucia.) be deleted from the Notes. In the Notes, the group name ‘‘P. pelodoma Brooke, 1974’’ should be changed Habitat.—Arid Lowland Scrub, Tropical Lowland to ‘‘P.pallida Nelson, 1902.’’ P.rufocollaris Peale, 1848, Evergreen Forest (0–700 m). should be P. rufocollaris (Peale, 1848). Distribution.—Resident on St. Lucia in the Lesser Antilles. p. 463. In the Notes at the top of the page, for Hi- Notes.—See comments under D. adelaidae. rundo rustica, change H. dumicola to H. domicola. p. 581. Spindalis zena is divided into four species, pp. 463–465. The generic name Poecile is feminine, following suggestions by Garrido et al. (1997), based and adjectival species names must agree in gender. on differences in mensural data, coloration, body Change the specific names atricapillus, hudsonicus, mass, and vocalizations. This treatment has been fol- and cinctus to atricapilla, hudsonica, and cincta. In the lowed by Raffaele et al. (1998). In the citation for the Notes under P.atricapilla, P.montanus becomes P. m o n - genus Spindalis, delete ‘‘ϭFringilla zena Linnaeus.’’ tana. Insert the following after the heading and citation for the genus Spindalis: p. 466. Change Baeolophus griseus (Ridgway) to Baeolophus ridgwayi (Richmond). The name griseus is Notes.—To avoid long hyphenated compound En- permanently invalidated because it was replaced as glish names, we revert to the English group name a junior secondary homonym before 1961 (ICZN Spindalis, used (e.g. Bond 1936) before the popula- 1999, Art. 59.3). tions were merged (without comment) by Bond (1947). p. 472. In the Notes under Campylorhynchus zonatus, Change the English name of Spindalis zena to West- at the top of the page, the citation for C. fasciatus ern Spindalis. Change the Distribution of S. zena to: should be (Swainson, 1838). In the Notes under Cam- Resident in the Bahama Islands (Grand Bahama, pylorhynchus chiapensis, the citation for C. griseus Great Abaco, Little Abaco, and Green Turtle Cay in should be (Swainson, 1838). the northern Bahamas, from the Berry Islands south to Great Inagua in the southern Bahamas), Providen- p. 517. In the citation for Oreoscoptes montanus, ciales in the Turks and Caicos, (including the change C. K. Townsend to J. K. Townsend. Isle of Pines and numerous keys), Grand Cayman Is- land, and Cozumel Island off Quintana Roo, Mexico. p. 546. On the basis of genetic differences, com- Remove ‘‘[zena group]’’ from sentence beginning bined with differences in plumage and morphology ‘‘Ranges....’’ and probably song (Curson et al. 1994, Lovette et al. Change Notes under S. zena to read: Formerly in- 1998, Lovette and Bermingham 1999), Dendroica ade- cluded S. nigricephala, S. dominicensis, and S. portori- laidae is divided into three species. In the account for censis, with the English name Stripe-headed , D. adelaidae, change Distribution to read: Resident on but the complex is treated as four allospecies of a su- (including Vieques Island). Change perspecies following Garrido et al. (1997). Notes to: Formerly included D. subita and D. delicata, now considered distinct species (Lovette et al. 1998, After the account of Spindalis zena, insert the fol- Lovette and Bermingham 1999). Lowery and Monroe lowing three accounts: in Paynter (1968) proposed that D. adelaidae (includ- Spindalis nigricephala (Jameson). Jamaican Spindal- ing subita and delicata)andD. graciae were each oth- is. er’s closest relatives, but mitochondrial DNA data (Lovette and Bermingham 1999) do not support this Tanagra nigricephala Jameson, 1835, Edinburgh relationship. New Philos. Journ. 19: 213. (Jamaica.) Insert the following two accounts after Dendroica Habitat.—Tropical Montane Forest, Tropical Low- adelaidae: land Evergreen Forest, Secondary Forest (0–1,800 m). Distribution.—Resident on Jamaica. Dendroica subita Riley. Barbuda Warbler. Notes.—Formerly considered part of S. zena, but Dendroica subita Riley, 1904, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 47: separated by Garrido et al. (1997). 289. (Barbuda.) Spindalis dominicensis (Bryant). Hispaniolan Spin- Habitat.—Arid Lowland Scrub, Riparian Thickets. dalis. July 2000] Forty-second Supplement 853

Tanagra dominicensis Bryant, 1867, Proc. Boston Molothrus in our area and to be more closely related Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 92. (southeast Haiti.) to them than to extralimital M. rufoaxillaris Cassin. Habitat.—Tropical Montane Forest, Pine Forest, p. 649. Icterus prosthemelas is recognized as a spe- Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest, Secondary For- cies distinct from I. dominicensis andismovedtoa est (0–2,300 m). position next to I. spurius on the basis of genetic data Distribution.—Resident on the island of Hispan- presented by Omland et al. (1999). The analysis by iola, and on Gonave Island. Omland et al. (1999) indicates that the I. dominicensis Notes.—Formerly considered part of S. zena, but complex may consist of up to four species. However, separated by Garrido et al. (1997). the exclusion of I. d. dominicensis from part of the ge- Spindalis portoricensis (Bryant). Puerto Rican Spin- netic data set, and the lack of an analysis of vocal and dalis. plumage differences among the four island taxa, make it impossible to determine at this time how Tanagra portoricensis Bryant, 1866, Proc. Boston many biological species should be recognized. Re- Soc. Nat. Hist. 10:252. (Puerto Rico.) place the account for I. dominicensis with the follow- Habitat.—Tropical Montane Forest, Tropical Low- ing: land Evergreen Forest, Secondary Forest (0–1,050 m). Icterus dominicensis (Linnaeus). Greater Antillean Distribution.—Resident on Puerto Rico. Oriole. Notes.—Formerly considered part of S. zena, but separated by Garrido et al. (1997). The citation for the species is unchanged.

Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest p. 601. Change Buarremon brunneinuchus to Buar- Edge, Secondary Forest (0–1,000 m; Tropical Zone). remon brunneinucha; this is a noun used in apposition, Distribution.—Resident [dominicensis group] on and its gender does not change. In the Notes under Hispaniola; [portoricensis group] on Puerto Rico; that species, B. apertus Wetmore, 1942 should be B. [northropi group] on Andros, Great Abaco, and Little apertus (Wetmore, 1942). Abaco in the northern Bahamas; and [melanopsis group] on Cuba and the Isle of Pines. p. 629, after the account for Emberiza rustica, insert: Notes.—Groups: I. dominicensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Emberiza elegans Temminck. Yellow-throated Bun- [Hispaniolan Oriole]; I. portoricensis Bryant, 1866 ting. [Puerto Rican Oriole]; I. northropi Allen, 1890 [Ba- haman Oriole]; I. melanopsis (Wagler, 1829) [Cuban Emberiza elegans Temminck, 1835, Planches Color., Oriole]. Genetic analysis by Omland et al. (1999) sug- livr. 98, pl. 583, fig. 1. (Japan.) gests that some or all of the groups may merit spe- Habitat.—Open dry deciduous forest on hills and cific rank, but further study is needed to clarify their ridges. relationships. Distribution.—Breeds from southern Siberia, Manchuria, and northern Korea south to southern p. 650. Insert the following new account before the China. account for Icterus spurius: Winters from eastern China, southern Korea, and Icterus prosthemelas (Strickland). Black-cowled Ori- Japan south to southern China and Burma. ole. Accidental in Alaska (Attu, in the Aleutian Islands, 25 May 1998; Sykes 1998). Xanthornus prosthemelas Strickland, 1850, in Jar- dine’s Contrib. Ornith., 2, p. 120, pl. 62. (Guatemala.) p. 649. Scaphidura is merged into Molothrus on the Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest basis of several genetic studies (Lanyon 1994, John- Edge, Secondary Forest (0–1,200 m; Tropical Zone). son and Lanyon 1999, Lanyon and Omland 1999). Distribution.—Resident from southern Veracruz, Delete the heading for the genus Scaphidura and the northern Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, and the Yucatan Notes under it. Move the citations for the generic Peninsula south on the slope of Central names Scaphidura and Psomocolax to proper chrono- America to extreme western Panama (western Bocas logical positions under the genus Molothrus. Change del Toro). the species heading Scaphidura oryzivora (Gmelin) Notes.—Icterus prosthemelas was considered a dis- to Molothrus oryzivorus (Gmelin). tinct species until Bond (1947) included it in I. dom- Change the Notes after the species account to read: inicensis, without comment but apparently on the ba- Also known as Rice Grackle. Formerly placed in the sis of its similarity in plumage to I. d. northropi. Sub- monotypic genus Scaphidura, but shown by genetic sequently treated as a subspecies of I. dominicensis data (Johnson and Lanyon 1999, Lanyon and Omland but shown by genetic analysis (Omland et al. 1999) 1999) to be the sister species to the other species of to be more closely related to I. spurius. 854 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117

p. 653. So that the sequence of species more closely Change the English name of Lonchura malacca to Tri- reflects relationships as determined by molecular ge- colored Munia and replace the account with the fol- netics (Freeman and Zink 1995, Omland et al. 1999), lowing: move the account of Icterus bullockii from p. 655 to a position following the account of I. pustulatus. Habitat.—Wet and marshy areas with long grass- Change the Notes under I. bullockii to read: See notes es; rice fields. under I. galbula and I. abeillei, with which this species Distribution.—Resident in central and southern was formerly combined. India and Sri Lanka. Introduced and established in Puerto Rico, Jamai- ca, Hawaiian Islands (Oahu), Venezuela, and Japan. p. 682. Lonchura cantans, African Silverbill, is sep- Reportedly introduced or observed in Cuba, Hispan- arated as a species distinct from L. malabarica, which iola, and Martinique (Raffaele et al. 1998), but in the becomes Indian Silverbill, following Restall (1996). absence of voucher specimens some of these reports Remove ‘‘ϭLoxia malabarica Linnaeus’’ from cita- maybeofL. atricapilla. Reported breeding on Merritt tion of Euodice in synonymy of Lonchura. Island, Florida (1965, Aud. Field Notes 19: 537), but this record also may refer to L. atricapilla. Change English name of Lonchura malabarica to In- Notes.—Formerly included L. atricapilla and dian Silverbill. Replace the account for L. malabarica known as Chestnut Mannikin, but separated by Re- with the following: stall (1995). Habitat.—Dry, grassy brush and scrub. Insert after the account of L. malacca: Distribution.—Resident from eastern Saudi Arabia and Oman east to Bangladesh and eastern India, and Lonchura atricapilla (Vieillot). Chestnut Munia. south to Sri Lanka. Introduced and established on Puerto Rico; re- Loxia atricapilla Vieillot, 1807, Ois. Chant., p. 84, pl. ported on St. Croix, Virgin Islands. 53. (Les Grandes-Indes, restricted to Lower Bengal Notes.—Formerly included L. cantans, now consid- by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Jour. Nat. Hist. Soc. ered a distinct species (Harrison 1964, Kakizawa and Siam 5: 362.) Watada 1985, Restall 1996), with the name Warbling Habitat.—Grassy areas, marshes; rice fields. Silverbill. Also known as White-throated Silverbill Distribution.—Resident in northern and eastern or White-throated Munia. India, Nepal, Southeast Asia, southern China, Hai- After the account for Lonchura malabarica, insert the nan, and Taiwan south to Sri Lanka, the Greater Sun- following new account: da Islands, and the Philippines. Introduced and established in Puerto Rico, Jamai- Lonchura cantans (Gmelin). African Silverbill. ca, Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Kauai), Guam, and Pa- Loxia cantans Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat. 1(2): 859. lau (Pratt et al. 1987, as L. malacca; see Restall 1996). (Africa. Restricted to Dakar, Senegal, by Sclater and Notes.—Formerly merged with L. malacca and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 440.) known as Chestnut Mannikin, but separated by Re- stall (1995). See notes and distribution statement un- Habitat.—Savanna, arid scrub and brush, grass- der L. malacca. land, and around human habitation. Distribution.—Resident in Africa south of the Sa- p. 688. Oceanodroma monorhis is added to the Ap- hara and north of the equatorial Congo Basin from pendix. Before the account for Oceanodroma hornbyi, Senegal east to Oman on the Arabian Peninsula and insert: south in eastern Africa to northern Tanzania. Introduced and established in the Hawaiian Is- Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinhoe). Swinhoe’s lands (originally on Hawaii, recently spreading to Storm-Petrel. Maui, Lanai, and Molokai, with sight reports from Thalassidroma monorhis Swinhoe, 1867, Ibis, p. 386. Kauai, Oahu, and Kahoolawe). A pair successfully (near Amoy, China.) bred on Merritt Island, Florida, in 1965 (1965, Aud. Field Notes 19: 537), but the species did not become This species, which breeds in the North Pacific and established. ranges in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, was re- Notes.—Formerly included with Lonchura malabar- ported in the western North Atlantic Ocean, south- ica and together called Warbling Silverbill. Hawaiian east of Hatteras, North Carolina, 8 August 1998 (pho- records were erroneously assigned to L. malabarica in tographs; O’Brien et al. 1999) and perhaps on pre- 7th edition, but see Falkenmayer (1988). vious occasions (Brinkley 1995). It has been reported occasionally (since 1983) in the eastern North Atlan- p. 683. Lonchura atricapilla is recognized as a spe- tic (Cubitt 1995). This species is not well known, and cies distinct from L. malacca, with the latter species identification from photographs is considered tenu- called Tricolored Munia, following Restall (1995). ous. July 2000] Forty-second Supplement 855

p. 690. Circus aeruginosus is added to the Appen- pendix. Insert between Melanocorypha calandra and dix. After the account for Aythya nyroca, insert: Parus major: Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus). Western Marsh-Har- Tachycineta albiventer (Boddaert). White-winged rier. Swallow. Falco aeruginosus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) Hirundo albiventer Boddaert, 1783, Table Planches 1: 91. (Europe ϭ Sweden.) Enlum., p. 32. Based on Daubenton, Planches Enlum., pl. 546. (Cayenne.) This species of Eurasia and northern Africa was re- portedly seen at Chincoteague National Wildlife Ref- This species, widespread in tropical South Amer- uge, Accomack County, Virginia, on 4 December ica, was reported from the Tuira River downstream 1994. Photographs were reportedly obtained but from Unio´n Choco´, Darie´n, Panama, 6 July 1996 were not published (Shedd et al. 1998). (Seutin 1998). There is also a sight report of this spe- cies at Schoelcher, Martinique, 10 August 1993 (Feld- p. 692. Change Catharacta chilensis (Bonaparte) to mann et al. 1999). Stercorarius chilensis Bonaparte. p. 698. Oryzoborus angolensis is added to the Ap- p. 692. Larus genei is added to the Appendix. After pendix. Insert before Icterus nigrogularis: the account for Stercorarius chilensis, insert: Oryzoborus angolensis (Linnaeus). Chestnut-bellied Larus genei Bre`me. Slender-billed Gull. Seed-Finch. Larus Genei Bre`me, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 321. (Sar- Loxia angolensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) dinia.) 1:303. Based on ‘‘The Black Gros-Beak’’ Edwards, This species of the Mediterranean and Indian Glean. Nat. Hist. 3, p. 296, pl. 352. (Angola, error, Ocean coasts was reportedly seen on Antigua, 24 eastern Brazil suggested by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. April 1976 (Holland and Williams 1978, Raffaele et Zool. 13:19.) al. 1998:451). Caged birds of this South American species es- caped on Martinique and established a small wild p. 692. Larus novaehollandiae is added to Appendix, breeding population by 1984. Breeding has been re- after Larus genei. ported in 1995 and 1996 (Feldmann et al. 1999), but Larus novaehollandiae Stevens. Silver Gull. the population is still small and localized. Photo- graphs have been deposited in VIREO. Larus Novae-Hollandiae Stevens, 1826, in Shaw’s General Zoology 13, pt. 1, p. 196. (New South Wales.) pp. 705–730. In the list of French Names for North This Southern Hemisphere species, also known as American Birds: Red-billed Gull, is frequently kept in zoos in the Change the following scientific names, retaining the United States. A specimen (August 1947) from the French names: mouth of the Genessee River in New York (Beardslee Daptrius americanus to Ibycter americanus and Mitchell 1965) was thought to be a wanderer but Caracara plancus to Caracara cheriway is now considered to have been an escapee (Bull Catharacta skua to Stercorarius skua 1974). A bird photographed (NAS Field Notes 51:33, Catharacta maccormicki to Stercorarius maccormicki 1997) in Salem County, New Jersey, in autumn 1996, Jacamerops aurea to Jacamerops aureus was assumed to have escaped from captivity. Pica pica to Pica hudsonia Poecile atricapillus to Poecile atricapilla Phaethornis yaruqui p. 694. is added to the Appen- Poecile hudsonicus to Poecile hudsonica Coccyzus lansbergi Anthra- dix. Insert between and Poecile cinctus to Poecile cincta cothorax viridigula : Baeolophus griseus to Baeolophus ridgwayi Phaethornis yaruqui (Bourcier). White-whiskered Buarremon brunneinuchus to Buarremon brunneinucha . Scaphidura oryzivora to Molothrus oryzivorus Trochilus Yaruqui Bourcier, 1851, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 32:187. (Vicinity of Yaruqui, Ecua- Change the French name that accompanies the fol- dor.) lowing scientific name: Spindalis zena to Ze´na a`teˆte raye´e This species of the Choco´ region of western Co- lombia and northwestern Ecuador was reported at Insert the following in the appropriate places, as in- Manane´, Darie´n, Panama, 10 July 1996 (Seutin 1998). dicated by preceding text: Sula granti Fou de Grant p. 696. Tachycineta albiventer is added to the Ap- Ardeola bacchus Crabier chinois 856 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117

Milvus migrans Milan noir names. We thank all those who have called our at- Caracara lutosa Caracara de Guadalupe tention to errors in the 7th edition and those who Centrocercus minimus Te´tras du Gunnison have helped in the preparation of this Supplement. Glaucidium costaricanum Cheveˆchette du Costa Rica This actually is almost everyone we have spoken Picoides arizonae Pic d’Arizona with in the past two years, but we particularly thank Myrmotherula pacifica Myrmidon du Pacifique D. G. Ainley, C. L. Braun, M. B. Braun, J. Choe, W. S. Dendroica subita Paruline de Barbuda Clark, R. A. Erickson, D. D. Gibson, M. J. Iliff, M. L. Dendroica delicata Paruline de Sainte-Lucie Isler, P. R. Isler, J. R. Jehl, Jr., A. R. Keith, N. K. Klein, Spindalis nigricephala Ze´na de Jamaı¨que A. Knox, I. J. Lovette, S. L. Olson, M. A. Patten, R. B. Spindalis dominicensis Ze´na d’Hispaniola Payne, J. N. Penhallurick, N. J. Pharris, H. D. Pratt, P. Spindalis portoricensis Ze´na de Porto Rico Pyle, R. L. Pyle, R. Restall, R. Righter, M. B. Robbins, Emberiza elegans Bruant e´le´gant P. W. Smith, S. O. Williams III, and J. R. Young. Icterus prosthemelas Oriole monacal Lonchura cantans Capucin bec-d’argent LITERATURE CITED Lonchura atricapilla Capucin a`teˆte noire Oceanodroma monorhis Oce´anite de Swinhoe. ANDERSSON, M. 1973. Behaviour of the Pomarine Circus aeruginosus Busard des roseaux Skua Stercorarius pomarinus Temm. with com- Larus genei Goe´land railleur parative remarks on Stercorariinae. Ornis Scan- Larus novaehollandiae Mouette argente´e dinavica 4:1–16. Phaethornis yaruqui Ermite yaruqui ANDERSSON, M. 1999. Phylogeny, behaviour, plum- Tachycineta albiventer Hirondelle a` ailes blanches age evolution and neoteny in skuas Stercorari- Oryzoborus angolensis Sporophile curio idae. Journal of Avian Biology 30:205–215. BANKS, R. C. 2000. The Cuban Martin in Florida. Move Icterus bullockii to position following I. pustu- Florida Field Naturalist 28: in press. latus BEARDSLEE,C.S.,AND H. D. MITCHELL. 1965. Birds Delete the entries for the following: of the Niagara Frontier Region. Bulletin of the Glaucidium jardinii Buffalo Society of Natural Science Vol. 22. Myrmotherula surinamensis BIRKHEAD, T. R. 1991. The magpies. T & A D Poyser, London. BOND, J. 1936. Birds of the West Indies. Academy of p. 742. Replace GRIFFITHS, C. 1994 with GRIFFITHS, C. S. 1994a. Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. BOND, J. 1947. Field guide to birds of the West Indies. The Committee has discussed most agenda items Macmillan, New York. that have accumulated since the 7th edition. Changes BRAUN,M.J.,AND R. T. BRUMFIELD. 1998. Enigmatic in treatment were delayed on some items with the phylogeny of skuas: An alternative hypothesis. hope that more convincing evidence would be forth- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Se- coming. Proposals considered but not yet accepted ries B 265:995–999. by the Committee include the following: separation BRINKLEY, E. S. 1995. Dark-rumped storm-petrels in of Pterodroma heraldica from P. arminjoniana; separa- the North Atlantic. Birding 27:95–97. tion of Puffinus newelli from P. auricularis; separation BROWN,L.,AND D. AMADON. 1968. Eagles, hawks, of Numenius hudsonicus from N. phaeopus; separation and falcons of the world. Country Life Books, of Cuculus optatus from C. saturatus; separation of the Feltham, United Kingdom. extralimital population magellanicus from Bubo vir- BULL, J. 1974. Birds of New York State. Doubleday/ ginianus; separation of Glaucidium gnoma into two or Natural History Press. Reissued in 1985, Cornell more species; division of Corvus palmarum into two University Press, Ithaca, New York. species; division of Chasiempis sandwichensis into COHEN,B.L.,A.J.BAKER,K.BLECHSCHMIDT,D.L. three species; removal of Troglodytes troglodytes to the DITTMANN,R.W.FURNESS,J.A.GERWIN,A.J. genus Nannus; merger of Myadestes woahensis into M. HELBIG,J.DE KORTE,H.D.MARSHALL,R.L.PAL- lanaiensis; separation of Turdus graysoni from T. ru- MA, H.-U. PETER,R.RAMLI,I.SIEBOLD,M.S. fopalliatus; separation of Spizella taverneri from S. WILLCOX,R.H.WILSON, AND R. M. ZINK. 1997. breweri; revision of generic relationships in the Em- Enigmatic phylogeny of skuas (Aves: Stercora- berizidae; and separation of Loxia megaplaga from L. riidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Lon- leucoptera. Several other matters published late in don Series B 264:181–190. 1999 have been added to the agenda for consider- CUBITT, M. G. 1995. Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrels at Tyne- ation in the next two years. mouth: New to Britain and Ireland. British Birds Acknowledgments.—Michel Gosselin is serving the 88:342–348. Committee as its authority for French names, and CURSON,J.,D.QUINN, AND D. BEADLE. 1994. Warblers Normand David is serving as authority for classical of the Americas. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. languages, especially relative to gender of generic DAVIS, J. 1965. Natural history, variation, and distri- July 2000] Forty-second Supplement 857

bution of the Strickland’s Woodpecker. Auk 82: cies limits in antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamno- 537–590. philidae): The Myrmotherula surinamensis com- DOVE,C.J.,AND R. C. BANKS. 1999. A taxonomic plex. Auk 116:83–96. study of Crested Caracaras (Falconidae). Wilson JOHNSON,K.P.,AND S. M. LANYON. 1999. Molecular Bulletin 111:330–339. systematics of the grackles and allies, and the ef- ENGGIST-DUBLIN,P.,AND T. R. B IRKHEAD. 1992. Dif- fect of additional sequence (cyt B and ND2). Auk ferences in the calls of European and North 116:759–768. American Black-billed Magpies and the Yellow- JOHNSON,R.R.,L.T.HAIGHT, AND J. D. LIGON. 1999. billed Magpie. Bioacoustics 4:185–194. Strickland’s Woodpecker (Picoides stricklandi). In FALKENMAYER, K. 1988. Problems of nomenclature The birds of North America, no. 474 (A. Poole and identification of introduced birds in Hawaii: and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, A case study of two estrildid species. Elepaio 48: Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ 91–93. Union, Washington, D.C. FELDMANN,P.,E.BENITO-ESPINAL, AND A. R. KEITH. KAHN,N.W.,C.E.BRAUN,J.R.YOUNG,S.WOOD,D. 1999. New bird records from Guadeloupe and R. MATA, AND T. W. Q UINN. 1999. Molecular Martinique, West Indies. Journal of Field Orni- analysis of genetic variation among large- and thology 70:80–94. small-bodied Sage Grouse using mitochondrial FREEMAN,S.,AND R. M. ZINK. 1995. Phylogenetic control-region sequences. Auk 116:819–824. study of the blackbirds based on variation in mi- KAKIZAWA,R.,AND R. WATADA. 1985. The evolu- tochondrial DNA restriction sites. Systematic Bi- tionary genetics of the Estrildidae. Journal of the ology 44:409–420. Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 17:143–158. GARRIDO, O. H., K. C. PARKES,G.B.REYNARD,A. KO¨ NIG, C. 1991. Zur Taxonomie und O¨ kologie der KIRKCONNELL, AND R. SUTTON. 1997. Sperlingska¨uze (Strigidae: Glaucidium spp.) des of the Stripe-headed Tanager, genus Spindalis Andenraumes. O¨ kologie der Vo¨gel 13:15–76. (Aves: Thraupidae) of the West Indies. Wilson LANYON, S. M. 1994. Polyphyly of the blackbird ge- Bulletin 109:561–594. nus Agelaius and the importance of assumptions GIBSON,D.D.,AND B. KESSEL. 1997. Inventory of the of monophyly in comparative studies. Evolution species and subspecies of Alaska birds. Western 48:679–693. Birds 28:45–95. LANYON,S.M.,AND K. E. OMLAND. 1999. A molec- GRIFFITHS, C. S. 1994a. Monophyly of the Falconifor- ular phylogeny of the blackbirds (Icteridae): Five mes based on syringeal morphology. Auk 111: lineages revealed by cytochrome-B sequence 787–805. data. Auk 116:629–639. GRIFFITHS, C. S. 1994b. Syringeal morphology and LIGON, J. D. 1968. Observations on Strickland’s the phylogeny of the Falconidae. Condor 96:127– Woodpecker, Dendrocopos stricklandi. Condor 70: 140. 83–84. GRIFFITHS, C. S. 1999. Phylogeny of the Falconidae in- LOVETTE,I.J.,AND E. BERMINGHAM. 1999. Explosive ferred from molecular and morphological data. speciation in the New World Dendroica warblers. Auk 116:116–130. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Se- HARRISON, C. J. O. 1964. The taxonomic status of the African Silverbill Lonchura cantans and the In- ries B 266:1629–1636. dian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica. Ibis 106:462– LOVETTE,I.J.,E.BERMINGHAM,G.SEUTIN, AND R. E. 468. RICKLEFS. 1998. Evolutionary differentiation in HEIDRICH,P.,C.KO¨ NIG, AND M. WINK. 1995. Bioak- three endemic West Indian warblers. Auk 115: ustik, Taxonomie, und molekulare Systematik 890–903. amerikanischer Sperlingska¨uze (Strigidae: Glau- MAYR,E.,AND G. W. COTTRELL (Eds.). 1979. Check- cidium spp.). Stuttgarter Beitra¨ge zur Naturkun- list of birds of the world, vol. 1, 2nd ed. Museum de Serie A (Biologie) 534:1–47. of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachu- HOLLAND,C.S.,AND J. M. WILLIAMS. 1978. Obser- setts. vations on the birds of Antigua. American Birds O’BRIEN,M.,J.B.PATTESON,G.L.ARMISTEAD, AND 32:1095–1105. G. B. PEARCE. 1999. Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel. HOYER,R.C.,AND S. D. SMITH. 1997. Chinese Pond- North American Birds 53:6–10. Heron in Alaska. Field Notes 51:953–956. OLSON, S. L. 1997. Avian biogeography in the islands HUPP,J.W.,AND C. E. BRAUN. 1991. Geographic var- of the Pacific coast of western Panama. Pages 69– iation among Sage Grouse in Colorado. Wilson 82 in The era of Allan R. Phillips: A Festschrift Bulletin 103:255–261. (R. W. Dickerman, compiler). Albuquerque, New INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NO- Mexico. MENCLATURE. 1999. International Code of Zoo- OMLAND,K.E.,S.M.LANYON, AND S. J. FRITZ. 1999. logical Nomenclature, 4th ed. London. A molecular phylogeny of the New World Ori- ISLER,M.L.,R.ISLER, AND B. M. WHITNEY. 1999. Spe- oles (Icterus): The importance of dense taxon 858 Forty-second Supplement [Auk, Vol. 117

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