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EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PAGODA (Clerodendrum Paniculatum

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EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PAGODA (Clerodendrum Paniculatum HASIL PENELITIAN TESIS EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PAGODA (Clerodendrum Paniculatum. L) TERHADAP KADAR IL-6 PADA MAMMAE TIKUS BETINA SPRAGUE DAWLEY YANG DI INDUKSI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THE EFFECT OF PAGODA LEAVES EXTRACT (CLERODENDRUM PANICULATUM. L) ON THE LEVEL OF IL-6 TO MAMMAE FEMALE RATS (SPRAGUE DAWLEY) INDUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FITRIANA IBRAHIM P4400216010 SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 i EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PAGODA (Clerodendrum Paniculatum. L) TERHADAP KADAR IL-6 PADA MAMMAE TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY YANG DIINDUKSI Staphylococcus Aureus THE EFFECT OF PAGODA LEAVES EXTRACT (CLERODENDRUM PANICULATUM. L) ON THE LEVEL OF IL-6 TO MAMMAE FEMALE RATS (SPRAGUE DAWLEY) INDUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Tesis Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar Magister Program Studi Ilmu Kebidanan Disusun dan Diajukan Oleh FITRIANA IBRAHIM P4400216010 Kepada SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 ii iii iv PRAKATA Bismillahirrohmanirrohim Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu. Alhamdulillah, Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala nikmat dan berkat, kekuatan dan pengetahuan kepada hambanya sehingga tesis ini dapat disusun dan diselesaikan dengan baik. Shalawat dan Taslim atas junjungan kita Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW dan keluarga, sahabat-sahabat dan para pengikutnya. Pertama-tama penulis menyampaikan rasa hormat dan rasa terima kasih yang tak terhingga sehingga penghargaan yang tulus kepada kedua orang tua tersayang, bapak H. Ibrahim dan Ibu Hj. Nahar atas do’anya, kasih sayang, dukungan, serta nasehat yang berharga sehingga penulis bisa seperti sekarang ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa keberhasilan penyusunan disertasi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan, bimbingan, nasehat dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu perkenalkan penulis menyampaikan ungkapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada yang terhormat : 1. Prof. Dr. Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu, MA selaku Rektor yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk mengikuti Pendidikan pada Program Studi Magister Kebidanan Pascasarjana Universitas Hasanuddin v 2. Hj. Ernawati Rifai, SE, MM selaku kepala Biro Akademik Universitas Hasanuddin yang selalu dengan sabar memberikan do’a, dorongan, serta bimbingan kepada penulis dari awal hingga akhir pendidikan. 3. Prof. Dr. dr. Suryani As’ad, M.Sc, Sp.GK selaku ketua Program Studi Magister Kebidanan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar sekaligus sebagai penguji satu dalam penelitian ini yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan arahan sehingga penyusunan ini bisa terselesaikan 4. Dr. dr. Prihantono, S.PB (K) Onk, M.Kes selaku Pembimbing Utama yang dengan penuh kesabaran membimbing penulis, memberikan masukan, serta arahan-arahan hingga selesainya proposal tesis ini 5. Dr. Mardiana Ahmad, S.SiT, M.Keb selaku Pembimbing kedua dalam penyususnan proposal tesis ini yang telah banyak memberikan masukan dan arahan dalam proses pembimbingan kepada penulis hingga proposal ini terselesaikan 6. Dr. dr. Burhanuddin Bahar, MS dan dr. Aryadi Arsyad, M.Biom, Ph.D, atas kesediaan dan telah meluangkan waktu untuk menguji sekaligus memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan bantuannya dalam penyelesaian tesis ini 7. Dr. Hayarna Basmin, SH, M.Si selaku ketua Yayasan Mitra Bahari Katangka, serta Drs. Basri Abdi, M.pd, M.kes selaku Ketua STIKes Datu Kamadre yang telah memberikan bimbingan moril serta materi kepada penulis, sekaligus memberikan ijin untuk melanjutkan pendidikan pada Program Pascasarjana Unhas vi 8. Seluruh Dosen dan staf Program Magister Kebidanan pada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar yang telah membekali penulis dalam menyusun proposal tesis 9. Teman-teman seperjuangan satu bimbingan penelitian tesis yang telah berjuang bersama-sama penulis dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini, serta teman-teman Magister Kebidanan Angkatan V atas bantuan, motivasi dan kebersamaan dalam suka dan duka menimba ilmu dari awal hingga akhir pendidikan di Program Pascasarjana Unhas. 10. Kepada semua Staf/Pengelola STIKes Datu Kamandre yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat selama mengikuti Pendidikan. Ucapan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya dan tak terhingga kepada suami tercinta Wahyu Hidayat dan anakku tersayang Syakira Faiza Wahyu dan Muhammad Aqlan Wahyu, terima kasih atas semua pengertian, kesabaran dan kasih sayang serta senantiasa mendoakan, memberikan motivasi kepada penulis dari awal pendidikan hingga tahap akhir menyelesaikan tesis ini. Terkhusus pula kepada ibu mertuaku, adik- adikku, kakak ipar dan adik ipar serta seluruh keluargaku. Penulis tak lupa menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga atas bantuan, dorongan, motivasi dan doanya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tesis ini tepat waktu dan dengan baik. Ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya juga penulis sampaikan kepada semua pihak yang namanya tidak tercatum vii dalam kata pengantar ini tetapi telah banyak membantu penulis dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. Semoga Allah SWT selalu melimpahkan berkah dan rahmatNya serta melipat gandakan segala amal kebaikan kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penyelesaian tesis ini dan semoga tesis ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kita semua Aamiinn. Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Makassar, 30 Oktober 2017 Fitriana Ibrahim viii ix x DAFTAR ISI SAMPUL ............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGAJUAN .................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................. iii PRAKATA ........................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ........................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................ x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................. xiv BAB I : PENDAHULUAN..................................................................... 1 A. Latar belakang .................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan masalah............................................................. 4 C. Tujuan penelitian ............................................................... 4 D. Kegunaan penelitian .......................................................... 5 E. Ruang lingkup penelitian ................................................... 5 F. Definisi dan istilah ............................................................. 6 G. Sistematika penulisan ........................................................ 7 BAB II : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................ 9 A. Tinjauan tentang Mastitis ................................................... 9 B. Inflmasi .............................................................................. 16 C. Respon imun terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus ................ 19 D. Tinjauan tentang IL-6 pada Staphylococcus Aureus .......... 23 xi E. Tinjauan tentang Daun Pagoda (Clerodendrum Paniculatum. L) ................................................................... 25 F. Tinjauan tentang Daun Pagoda dan IL-6 ........................... 29 G. Hewan Coba...................................................................... 31 H. Kerangka teori ................................................................... 33 I. Kerangka konsep .............................................................. 34 J. Hipotesis ........................................................................... 34 K. Definisi oprasional ............................................................. 35 BAB III : METODE PENELITIAN ......................................................... 36 A. Rancangan penelitian ........................................................ 36 B. Lokasi dan waktu penelitian ............................................... 36 C. Populasi dan teknik sampel ............................................... 37 D. Instrumen pengumpulan data ............................................ 38 E. Etika penelitian .................................................................. 48 F. Analisa data....................................................................... 49 G. Alur penelitian .................................................................... 50 BAB IV : HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................... 51 A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 51 B. Pembahasan ..................................................................... 63 C. Jawaban Hipotesis ............................................................ 70 D. Keterbatasan Penelitian .................................................... 70 xii BAB V : KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................. 71 A. Kesimpulan ....................................................................... 71 B. Saran................................................................................. 71 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN xiii DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1. Taksonomi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Tabel 2.2. Taksonomi tanaman beruwas laut Tabel 2.3. Aktivitas antiinflamasi genus Clerodendrum Tabel 2.4. Taksonomi tikus putih Tabel 4.1. Analisis kandungan fitokimia ekstrak daun pagoda Tabel 4.2. Rerata berat badan tikus pada masing-masing kelompok Tabel
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