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Gone to the Dogs: Inter-Species Bonds and the Building of Bio- Cultural Capital in America, 1835--Present

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Gone to the Dogs: Inter-Species Bonds and the Building of Bio- Cultural Capital in America, 1835--Present W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2012 Gone to the Dogs: Inter-Species Bonds and the Building of Bio- Cultural Capital in America, 1835--Present Merit Elfi Anglin College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Literature Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Anglin, Merit Elfi, "Gone ot the Dogs: Inter-Species Bonds and the Building of Bio-Cultural Capital in America, 1835--Present" (2012). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623599. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-hmrj-sk31 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gone to the Dogs: Inter-Species Bonds and the Building of Bio-Cultural Capital in America, 1835-Present Merit Elfi Anglin Berlin, Germany Master of Arts, Georgia State University-Atlanta, 2001 Zwischenpruefung, Universitaet Potsdam, Germany, 1999 Abitur, Gabriele-von-Buelow Oberschule, 1996 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy American Studies Program The College of William and Mary August 2012 APPROVAL PAGE This Dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved by the Committee, June, 2012 ~ Committee Chair Associate Professor Chandos M. Brown, History and American Studies The College of William & Mary Assistant Prof6ssor KaraT. Thompson, English and American Studies The College of William & Mary Associate Professor ChaHeJJ F. ~ntHlstory and American Studies The"College of~ & Mary Assistant Professor John B. Gamber, English & Comparative Literature Columbia University ABSTRACT PAGE In following the rise of canis lupus familiaris from America's pet dog to dogmestic partner and ontological metaphor for capital unseen and humanly unseeable this dissertation hopes to reveal the 'spirit of calculation' that undergirds the nation's seemingly disinterested love for their four-legged others and demonstrate how cultural politics affect and are in turn affected by bio-politics and bio-power. It argues that in response to the deflation of prevalent signifiers of social standing and sexual or matrimonial desirability during the financial and ontological crises of the 1830s, Jacksonians turned to the dog as an incorruptible sign of invisible individual substance. In their seemingly disinterested dedication to another, dependent species, they displayed advanced levels of self-denial, the defeat of the animal within, and sophisticated social skills suggestive of higher (rational) humanity, biological wealth, and natural status. Companion dogs thus became a commodity of distinction that exploited preexisting cultural bias toward less material concepts such as "gentility" and "grace." Canine companions helped salvage their caregiver's social position and desirability, better their chances in courtship, and secure the transmission of accumulated biological and cultural assets to the next generation. In transforming into timelessly dependable institutions for safeguarding and increasing embodied human capital, pet dogs became living and breathing "pet banks," whose perpetuity proved antithetical to President Jackson's ephemeral "pet bank" scheme. Canine pet-bank power in capital management, courtship, and propagation not only raised dogs' desirability but also the stakes and quality of inter-species performances and, most importantly, the specter of "interest." As canine companions grew more and more numerous, more and more intimate, and more and more impertinent, they became dogmestic partners whose economic utility in the building, maintenance, and reproduction of cultural and biological capital was increasingly difficult to deny. In close readings of the works of nine American writers this dissertation traces literary strategies of denial that maximize the accumulation and transmission of capital through "artlessly" altruistic, inter-species companionship, on the one hand, and openly selfish intra-species relations on the other, by separating dogmestic and domestic partners, the source and vehicle for power, through time, space, and, most recently, reconceptualized human reproductive units. It is within these key moments, when inter-species intimacy stops to assist and begins to impede human survival, that humanity signifies animality, that the human can be decentered and the human-animal divide overcome. In delineating heretofore hidden cultural connections, I hope to show that while the dogmestic has helped re-etch national, religious, racial, classist, gender and ethnic lines, and assisted in the bio-cultural dispossession of intra-species "Others," dogmestic practices have just as consistently and profitably been performed by members of miscellaneous outgroups to overcome putative bio-genetic differences and challenge the status quo. My analysis suggests that pet dogs or dogmestics play a decisive role in the identity formation, sexual selection, and reproduction of Americans and that ours is a world in which ignorance (and the metaphors to which it gives rise)- as much as knowledge- is capital and power. Table of Contents Prologue ..............•.•.•.....•.•.....•.................................................................................••.... 1 Part I- Dollars and the Dogmestic ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S The RiJe '!/the Canine Pet Bank ................................................................................................................................. 4 3 .4 Bachelorj· Pet Bank ................................................................................................................................................. 65 MongreiJ and the Management rij' "Je·eble "UveJ......................................................................................................... 7 7 Part II- The Turn of the Dog: Proportioned Properry, Productions, and Provisional Power••••••••••••••• l28 Concomitant Canine Timeshares ................................................................................................................................ 139 ConJecutive Canine TimuhareJ .................................................................................................................................. 145 Properry Protedion, Brand Identity and Citizenship .................................................................................................. 153 Cooperative Canine TimuhareJ ................................................................................................................................. 179 Part III- Dogmestics in 'Complicated Houses'..................................................................... 188 Of MuttJ and Men: Intimate AnimaLr and Atomic Pop Culture ............................................................................ 19 5 Red Power, Human-Animal Pradicu and the 'Centrifkation' '!/Borderland Identities ......................................... 213 Stage I- Unbecoming ................................................................................................................................................ 226 Stage II- Roaming and Becoming ... ........................................................................................................................ 237 Stage III- Unbecoming, Becoming, On-Top and In-Between .................................................................................. 240 ~4 Complicated HouJe :· TranHpetiu Intimades and the Creation o/ Humanities ................................................. 246 Nudear Reprodudive UnitJ and Unbemming Human ............................................................................................. 258 Non-Nudear Reprodudive Units and Unbemming Animal.................................................................................... 266 Domesti.~·. Dogmuti.~· and Complicated HouJing ...................................................................................................... 270 DiJparitiu in Paradise .................................................................................................................................................. 284 Epilogue .................................................................................................................... 292 Supplement................................................................................................................. 300 Introdudion to Human-Animal Studiu ..................................................................................................................... 300 I/Ius/rations ................................................................................................................ 322 Works Cited .............................................................................................................. 324 Gone to the Dogs: I nterspecies Bonds and the Building of Bio-Cu/tural Capital in America, 18 3 5 - Present. Prologue "There is something I must know," Mason hoarsely whispers, in the tone of a lover tormented by Doubts, "-Have you a soul, - that is, are you a
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