Trans-Canada Vision Emergency Services Lineup Behind 700 Mhz

GUIDE APRIL 2011 2 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE April 2011 Volume 23 Number 4

Features

6 The next Trans-Canada vision Emergency services lineup behind 700 MHz

12 A refuge for first responders and soldiers

6 14 Chinguacousy Township Police Celebrating 12 yrs of service... 50 years later

29 Blue Line Trade Show 2011 Guide

42 Lasers: The latest threat

45 Doing more for less with applied analytics

29 Departments 54 Blue Links Advertisers Index 40 Deep Blue 39 Dispatches 52, 53 Market Place 5 Publisher’s Commentary 53 Odditorials

Case Law 42 48 Phone search to identify owner allowed 50 Good faith belief must be reasonable

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 3 APRIL 2011 APRIL 2011 4 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE PUBLISHER’S COMMENTARY Blue Line by Morley Lymburner Magazine Inc.

PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner - [email protected] GENERAL MANAGER Are we paying attention? Mary K. Lymburner - [email protected]

SENIOR EDITOR Mark Reesor - [email protected] Looking at the horrific aftermath of the disaster strikes but to follow their example. CREATIVE DIRECTOR Japanese earthquake makes you wonder what Over the past year Blue Line has presented E. Jolene Lymburner - [email protected] would have happened if it had occurred in a series of articles by firefighter, paramedic, Canada. Are we as prepared as the Japanese author and instructor Michael Weaver, a strong CONTRIBUTING WRITERS government, their emergency services or peo- advocate of inter-service and cross agency Mike Novakowski ple? It is a difficult question to answer. training. He will present a seminar at this Mark Giles The most significant lesson from Japan is month’s Blue Line Training sessions. Robert Lunney that disasters are never singular events. The Weaver’s drive for better communication, James Clark multiple horrors the quake caused was ac- co-ordination and training between emergency Dorothy Cotton companied by a Tsunami and then multiplied services was heightened by Robert Dziekan- Dave Brown by exploding nuclear reactors. ski’s death at the Vancouver Airport. He has Tom Rataj Disasters stretch first responders to the long believed the RCMP officers’ actions were breaking point. Police face looting and wide- representative of what any officer would do AFFILIATIONS spread unrest, fire services strive to rescue in the absence of proper training to identify, International Association of victims while coping with multiple infernos request resources and physically manage an Law Enforcement Planners and ambulance and hospitals are overwhelmed extremely agitated individual in medical crisis. Canadian Advertising Rates Data with thousands of victims. All of this can oc- A “universal response” between emer- International Police Association cur with little or no warning, making events gency services can maximize our ability to The Canadian Press Newswire difficult to predict before they unfold. respond to and better mitigate large and small Access Copyright The priority in the aftermath of a disaster disasters. becomes maintaining the health of the sur- This month’s lead story by technology viving population. This is where a myriad editor Tom Rataj highlights the importance of SUBSCRIPTIONS $30 per year; $50 for 2yrs; US & Foreign: $100 of other services come into play. All must be obtaining appropriate, reliable communications coordinated and dispatched to where they are linkages. This is underscored by the bandwidth ADVERTISING most needed. that will become available later this year when 888-640-3048 [email protected] In the Japanese quake scenario, several Canadian television stops broadcasting in factors worked in the nation’s favour. Japan analog on Aug. 31. Given the multiple disasters has the world’s third largest economy so in Japan, how much of that bandwidth will be www.blueline.ca money and resources are not a problem. It is reserved for emergency services? 12A-4981 Hwy7 East, Ste 254, compact, so help is never too far away, and The Ontario Emergency Services Depart- Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Canada with 127 million people, finding rescuers is ment invited me to a training workshop at P: 905 640 3048 F: 905 640 7547 not a serious issue. It is well connected and the Ontario Police College a few years ago. I [email protected] blessed with both good communications and was introduced to police, fire and ambulance transportation. Most importantly, its citizens people all keenly interested in sticking their are well educated, disaster savvy and did not noses into each other’s business, so-to-speak. PRINTED IN CANADA panic in the face of so much adversity. Questions ranged from how police offic- In comparing all of these factors to ers should approach dangerous substances ISSN# 08478538 Canada, it becomes clear that, given our and how paramedics extract injured police geography, we are both blessed and cursed. officers from firefights to how firefighters Blue Line Magazine was established in 1988 as an independent We have less people, much greater distances use stretcher-boards to immobilize agitated publication to inform, entertain, connect and educate those involved in the law enforcement profession. With no direct control from an between communities, longer communications suspects police are apprehending and how enforcement agency, its opinions do not necessarily reflect those networks and fewer seismologically sensitive agencies can meet to talk about improving of any government or law enforcement agency. areas. The Pacific Rim of British Columbia emergency preparedness. The authors, advisors, and publisher accept no liability whatsoever is an exception but it has no need for nuclear In the weeks, months and years ahead we for any injuries to person(s) or property resulting from application of adoption of anything presented in this magazine. Readers are power plants. will hear more about the Japanese experience cautioned and advised that articles presented herein are edited The Japanese experience should encour- handling multiple disasters. Let us hope that and supplied for your personal awerness and should not be used our eyes and ears are open to what they have for further actions until appropriate guidance is received from a age all members of law enforcement to work supervisor, Crown Attorney or other persons in authority. closely with fire and ambulance personnel. learned and will learn. A plan of action implemented with communication, co-ordination All material submitted for publication becomes property of Blue This month’s cover is a shining example of Line Magazine Inc. unless arrangements have been made with the inter-agency co-operation between the police and training between agencies and disciplines publisher prior to publishing. and EMS services in York Region. Members can save lives... and careers! © 2011 All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this of both agencies gear up, work and train to- publication may be repoduced or transmitted in any form or means, gether to maximize their effectiveness. At the electronic or mechanical, (including photocopying and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system), without prior permis- very least, in times of crisis, they are familiar sion. Permission to reprint may be obtained in advance from Access with each other’s approach, protocols and Copyright 1-800-893-5777. equipment. I encourage you to not wait until

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 5 APRIL 2011 The next Trans-Canada vision Emergency services lineup behind 700MHz

by Tom Rataj television services across Canada switch Get in line to the new digital broadcast standard at First in line are Canada’s national and The Constitution Act of 1867 created the the end of August 2011, almost half of the regional cellular companies. They expect “Dominion of Canada” and included a written 700MHz radio “spectrum” currently oc- the data traffic on their wireless networks to condition to build the Intercolonial Railway cupied by channels 62 through 69 will be double every year from now through 2014. as a means of unifying the new nation. available for other uses. The soon-to-be vacant spectrum would eas- Likewise, the Trans-Canada Highway By reserving a section of this spectrum ily provide them with much of the capacity Act of 1948 created a national highway for the exclusive use of emergency services they need to match this expected demand. network as a means of unifying a more voice and data networks, the government Many of the large players now rake modern motorized nation after the Second could ultimately provide Canada with the in substantial profits – the wireless in- World War. foundation for a state-of-the-art commu- dustry generated an estimated $39 billion Now in the 21st century, the federal nications infrastructure that will benefit in economic activity in 2008. Industry government has a great opportunity to make all Canadians. Canada will be tempted to make a quick the next great nation-unifying decision, Industry Canada announced last No- multi-billion dollar profit by selling off albeit in a slightly less obvious manner vember that it intends to auction off licens- the available spectrum to these cash-rich unlikely to attract nearly as many votes. es to use this by-then available spectrum to wireless service providers, as it did the last When analog broadcast (over-the-air) the highest bidder in late 2012. time spectrum was auctioned off.

APRIL 2011 6 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Second in line, and certainly not flush Many newer technologies – includ- services from communicating with other with cash, are Canada’s emergency servic- ing video analytics or Intelligent Video agencies. This also prevents them from es, which also expect to see multiple-fold Analysis (IVA), Automated Licence Plate communicating directly with other emer- increases in need and demand for wireless Recognition (ALPR) and various biometric gency services such as fire and EMS during broadband spectrum to support their grow- systems such as mobile fingerprint and iris major incidents. ing array of communications technologies. identification – work far more efficiently Some existing voice and data systems Fortunately there is a move afoot to when connected to live databases back at operate in parts of the radio spectrum which convince Industry Canada and legislators HQ. Other less cutting-edge technologies have poor building penetration, forcing at all levels to reserve at least 20MHz of and applications already in use will also officers to stand near windows to use their the 700MHz band for the exclusive use of work far more efficiently when connected portable radios – or put up with having little emergency services. While some already to a high-speed broadband wireless net- or no voice or data communication while in use 24MHz of the narrow and wide band work. elevators or underground garages. spectrum in the 700MHz band for voice Police officers could have live video The lack of inter-agency communica- and low speed data, it will not be enough feeds in their cars from various support tions can have tragic consequences. During to meet future demand. services, including helicopters and public the attack on the World Trade Centre towers CCTV cameras in schools or other public in 2001, personnel on an NYPD helicopter The sweet-spot places during emergencies; the possibilities flying overhead warned the police com- By its very nature, the 700MHz spec- are almost endless. mand to issue an evacuation order because trum can travel extended distances and Firefighters could have live access to they believed the building was about to penetrate buildings and other obstacles that building floor-plans and hazmat invento- collapse. Unfortunately, because of a lack typically shut-out other radio frequencies. ries at fire scenes and could use systems of direct interagency communications, the Concurrently the next generation of that precisely track the location of every hundreds of emergency personnel inside wireless data technology is also arriving. firefighter at a scene, all while monitoring did not receive this message. Three hundred Long Term Evolution Advanced-Fourth their vital signs for any problems. and 43 firefighters and paramedics and 60 Generation (LTE-4G) wireless technol- EMS personnel could have live access police officers perished when the buildings ogy will improve wireless broadband to electronic patient records and other collapsed on top of them. (high-speed) performance over the current telemedicine systems, allowing doctors to Most Canadian emergency services op- market leader (3G UMTS/HSPA+), which receive live status information from moni- erate their own private voice radio systems, is already widely available across Canada. tors attached to patients in the field. This allowing them to keep out eavesdroppers LTE-4G’s “rated” download speeds would help them provide better and more and ensure their systems function during are almost double those of HSPA+ at an accurate treatment direction. power outages or other disasters. Some amazing 1Gbit/s. This kind of download agencies rely on commercial cellular in- speed allows many data-intensive applica- Frequency spread frastructure for their voice radios systems tions in the mobile environment, which is Currently, emergency services voice and many use them for their mobile data exactly what Canadian emergency services and data networks across the country are systems. are now implementing. Coupled with the spread-out on various frequencies. They The problem with this is that the emer- high-performance 700MHz frequencies, use proprietary radio and computer systems gency service is entirely reliant on these this would be a major leap forward. and technologies, preventing individual network operators to communicate. While

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 7 APRIL 2011 emergency services may have “priority access” agreements in place, the access is far About CITIG and 700 MHz from guaranteed, especially during major Resources emergencies. During the large power outage that Launched in April 2007, Canadian In- affected most of eastern Canada and the teroperability Technology Interest Group United States in 2003, the commercial cel- (CITIG) brings stakeholders together to lular networks continued to function for the advance public safety provider interoper- most part, but were rapidly overwhelmed by ability in a co-ordinated fashion. The Ca- the sudden spike in demand, which greatly nadian Police Research Centre (CPRC), exceeded their capacity. Even with “prior- Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police ity access” agreements in place, would (CACP), the Canadian Association of Fire you want your mission critical operations Chiefs (CAFC) and Emergency Medical impacted, especially during such an emer- Services Chiefs of Canada (EMSCC) helped found and grow CITIG which gency situation? has now emerged as the unified voice for responder interoperability in Canada. Committee In addition to supporting efforts A Tri-Service Special Purpose Commit- around 700 MHz spectrum (see www. tee created in 2010 by the CACP, Canadian citig.ca) and the Tri-Services Special Association of Fire Chiefs (CAFC) and ing the same sections of the 700MHz band. Purpose Committee on 700 MHz Broad- the Emergency Medical Services Chiefs If both countries successfully implement band (see www.action700.ca), learn of Canada (EMSCC) is working to raise this, we would have a continent-wide inter- firsthand about the quest for dedicated awareness of this unique opportunity and operable voice and data frequency standard, 700 MHz broadband spectrum for mis- is lobbying all levels of government. enabling joint operations both at home and sion critical public safety data at the One of its primary information access along our lengthy mutual border. following two conferences: points is an excellent website (www.ac- All emergency services leaders and The Emergency Services Manage- tion700.ca), which provides a great over- personnel should contact their federal, ment Conference in Montreal, Quebec view of the issues and a variety of resources provincial, territorial and municipal rep- from April 17 to 19, 2011. to help emergency services get involved in resentatives to lobby for this important, The Fifth Canadian Public Safety supporting this opportunity. nation-unifying opportunity. Interoperability Workshop: A CITIG There’s another big advantage to shar- National Forum in Ottawa, Ontario from December 4 to December 7, 2011. ing common spectrum on the 700MHz band Tom Rataj is Blue Line’s Technology columnist and all across Canada. Our colleagues south of Information on both these events can can be reached at [email protected] . be found at www.cacp.ca. the border are well on their way to obtain-

APRIL 2011 8 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Invest in your career Take Blue Line training courses

The Social Officer: Connecting Cops and Civilians Using Social Media April 26, $125.00 + HST

As the founder of CIK Marketing, Chantielle Kennedy has helped numerous Ontario police services expand their understanding of social networks and engage with civilians via online platforms. This half day course, will discuss the benefits associated with creating and communicating via popular online networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

Instructor: Chantielle Kennedy

Transitional Tactics for the Combative Subject April 26, $250.00 + HST

This course will help Law Enforcement and Fire/EMS to rapidly identify, and be prepared for a crisis dealing with an agitated or combative individual needing rapid treatment and transport to the nearest Emergency Department. The goal is to help minimize the possibility of injury to the suspect and the First Responders in the field. The techniques and tactics taught go beyond didactic presentations to hands-on learning. This course offers a task oriented team approach to the agitated suspect that does not comply with traditional compliance techniques.

Instructor: Michael Weaver is a 15 year veteran of the Everett Fire Department as a Firefighter/Paramedic. He is an author, instructor and advocate for the safety of all first responders. A U.S. Army Veteran, Michael volunteered for 2nd ranger battalion and successfully completed the U.S. Army Ranger School. “http://community.fireengineering.com/profile/MichaelWWeaver”

The Non-Accusatory Interview Technique April 26, $250.00 + HST This topic is designed for all police officers as well as private investigators and security people involved in interviewing suspects and/or victims.

Learn the basics of: • Conducting an investigative interview in a conversational setting with the emphasis on obtaining important information. • How to establish a “free-flowing” interchange between the subject and the interviewer. • How to plan and enter into an interview and get the subject talking and keep them talking. • Current legal status of investigative interviews and how far you can pursue the truth in a legal manner.

Instructor: S/Sgt Gordon MacKinnon (retired). 2011 BLUEApril LINE 26 MAGAZINE & 27, 9am - 4pm 9Pre-registration & Info at BlueLine.caAPRIL 2011 The easy way to inform the public by Chantielle Kennedy

When it comes to solving crimes and protecting communities, public awareness and engagement is key. An effective police service needs to be able to communicate with and collect information from the public in a quick, easy and efficient manner. When it comes to connecting with civilians and spreading important public knowledge, what better way to get your message out then via the Internet? Here’s five different ways law enforcement agencies should consider using social networks to engage and inform the communities they protect.

1) Put the police blotter online 2) Inform the masses with 3) Community feedback and as a blog Twitter anonymous tips Traditionally the police blotter is pub- Twitter is a great tool for police as the Police services have always relied on lished in the newspaper the following day entire purpose of the platform is to spread civilian tips and information to help solve to notify civilians about important calls and information quickly and efficiently. While crimes and improve service. The Internet and arrests or to issue public announcements – but mainstream media is hampered by timelines social media is making this information ex- why just release your agency’s news when you and editing schedules, Twitter enables you change safer and easier thanks to specialized could write it yourself? Police blotter blogs to quickly publish information in real time. software and engagement platforms. Police enable services to control how information is Tweeting information to followers about can now link to secure sites like TipSubmit. released and when. Context can easily become evolving situations, road closures and accident com from their official web site and even skewed when it is reported from one source reports is a great way to keep your community Facebook Fan Pages to collect anonymous to the next; blogs help eliminate this issue, as informed. What’s more, your followers will information from good civilians. They can they offer creative control over the informa- help you spread the message, retweeting your also use social media sites to start discussions tion you release. alerts to their friends and coworkers. and collect feedback.

4) Video messaging on YouTube Does your police service currently market itself by handing out pamphlets to school boards and brochures to community groups? Do officers participate in fundraisers and organize events? That’s great – but why not take things a step further and also start using YouTube as a marketing tool to reach your community? Create a channel and start loading public service announcements to your account. With a little help from an IT professional you can embed a YouTube player on your official web site or Facebook page, attracting even more eyeballs. Video is a great way to per- sonalize your service and provides viewers with another way to engage and interact with your agency.

5) Catch criminals in real time The popularity and accessibility of social networking sites make them a natural police crime fighting tool. Whether it’s loading security video to a YouTube account in hopes of identifying a perpetrator or notifying the public of a missing child via a viral Facebook message or Twitter alert, social media can help officers quickly and efficiently catch criminals.

CIK Marketing founder Chantielle Kennedy will present a half-day course, The Social Officer: Connecting Cops and Civilians Using Social Media, at the Blue Line Trade Show April 26 and 27. CIK has helped the Chatham-Kent, Guelph and Woodstock police services enhance their online engagement through social platforms.

APRIL 2011 10 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Invest in your career Take Blue Line training courses

NEW Vehicular Concealed Compartment Identification April 27, 2011 - $250 + HST This course will provide the Federal, Provincial, Municipal, Immigration and Border Law Enforcement Officers with the tools and techniques to recognize, identify and subsequently interdict the criminal transportation of illicit narcotics, illegal firearms and the proceeds of crime. This course reveals the tactics, methodology and practices used by these organizations to conceal contraband and dissuade officers from furthering an investigation. These techniques will ensure the safe recovery of contraband from a compartment while protecting the structural and aesthetic value of the vehicle.

Street Drug Awareness April 27, $250.00 + HST This course is unique in its scope providing important and relevant information concerning the world of street drugs to field level law enforcement officers. In this one-day course you will learn clandestine laboratory safety, recognition and investigation, current drug trends, and how to recognize drug use and handle users.

Instructor: Det. Steve Walton (retired) worked 10 of his 25 year policing career with a drug unit. He has investigated more than 300 grow operations and supervised under cover teams with 120 drug operations. He is a qualified drug expert and actively instructs in the area of drug education and investigative techniques.

Detecting and Defusing Deception April 27, $250.00 + HST This topic is of interest to all police officers as well as private investigators and security people involved in interviewing suspects and/or victims.

In this course you will learn: • How deceptive subjects act? • What they say and how they say it? • What they do when faced with certain probing or bait questions? • We will also cover some of the latest findings in this field and dispel some of the myths about lying.

Instructor: A/Sgt Wayne van der Laan (retired).

FREE admission to the Blue Line Trade Show with course registration. Canada’s largest law enforcement exhibition of the latest products and in-demand services. Course location offers FREE parking, easy access to several major highways, a wide range of hotels, restaurants and amenities. 2011 BLUEApril LINE 26 MAGAZINE & 27, 9am - 4pm 11Pre-registration & Info at BlueLine.caAPRIL 2011 A refuge for first responders and soldiers by Elvin Klassen traumatic times. Greene lived in Vancouver at the time New Chelsea Society, a BC affordable and was determined to recover. His reha- A prairie firefighter and his family were housing organization, provided the society bilitation efforts and willingness to speak vacationing in Vancouver recently when a modern four-bedroom, three-bath, fully publicly about them have made the 43-year- his daughter suffered major heart failure. accessible townhouse called Winch House old an inspiration to many. Needing accommodation while she was be- for one dollar per year while the society Vancouver realtor Allan DeGenova, ing treated, he recalled hearing about the prepares its own house. It is a place of ref- who now heads the Honour House Society, Honour House Society, which gave them a uge and composure where families may stay felt compelled to get involved after at- free place to stay until their daughter was close together while experiencing physical tending a 2006 benefit concert. The event released from hospital. or emotional trauma. focused on the needs of Canadian troops, Winch House serves as an interim facil- both overseas and those returning home. A Canadian soldier was seriously in- ity. Once Honour House is operational, it It raised awareness about young injured jured in an ambush attack in Afghanistan. will be available as an additional facility. and wounded veterans receiving care or Her husband, who lives in the British Coast Hotels of Vancouver has offered rehabilitation in Vancouver area medical fa- Columbia interior, can stay free of charge its facilities if more accommodations are cilities and the difficulty their out-of-town while he visits and encourages his wife. needed. families had finding temporary housing during their care. Honour House Society is an independ- Beginnings DeGenova connected with General ent registered charity whose objective is to Captain Trevor Greene, now an honor- Rick Hillier, then Canadian Forces Chief provide free temporary accommodation for ary patron of the society, made headlines of the Defense Staff, about the project and the families of Canadian Forces and first across the country in 2006 when he was more people got involved. Hillier is now a responders (law enforcement, ambulance gravely injured in Kandahar, Afghanistan, “patron” of Honour House. and fire) while family members receive while meeting with village elders. Greene As Greene fought for his life at Vancou- care in Metro Vancouver. Similar to the had removed his helmet in a show of respect ver General Hospital, his fiancé and family Ronald McDonald House concept, it re- and was struck in the head with an axe. The from the Maritimes needed a place to stay. lieves families of having to come up with brain injury immobilized his legs and af- Their only option was Compassion House the money for expensive hotel rooms during fected his speech and mobility in his hands. at Jericho Garrison, a small two-bedroom

APRIL 2011 12 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE bungalow available to military families for $20 a night. Green’s family was the inspiration to assist with more housing for families experiencing trauma, said Jim Stanton, vice president and a founding director. When another family needed a place to stay the Honour House Society was born. The society bought the former Blue Spruce Cottage in historic New Westmin- ster for $2.2 million in April 2010. signed especially for the society. One flies Constructed in 1937, the 9,000 square at Honour House and the other hangs in foot Georgian mansion has been restored New Westminster Mayor Wayne Wright’s and upgraded to accommodate 10 fully-ac- office, who helped the society establish cessible sleeping units and shared common the home. areas. It will provide independent living The Vancouver Regional Construction and short term stay for visiting families. Association has taken a leading role by Each bedroom will be able to accommodate providing labor and materials. The provin- a small family. cial government provided an interest free The plans respect the original heritage loan. Hard Hats for Heroes and Helmets for character, detail and cross access layout Heroes raised money to move the project of the house while introducing modern forward. A local car dealer is donating a convenience and comfort. Alterations to the van and volunteers provide most of the overall exterior form have been limited to services in the home. A local firm donated raising the third storey roof to provide ad- legal services. ditional area with traditional dormer forms Honour House is also available for vet- at the front, while introducing dormers and erans or first responders seeking assistance an elevator at the rear of the house to ensure from the Royal Canadian Legion through access to all four interior levels. the UBC Veterans Transition Program, The large lot, heritage trees and stone designed to assist people transitioning to wall has been enhanced through a landscape civilian life. plan compatible with the heritage neighbour- It can also be used while participating hood while providing a garden amenity. in the British Columbia Institute of Tech- Captain Arthur Hughes de- Construction and renovations began nology’s Veterans’ Re-entry Program. This signed a flag that flies at Honour in May, 2010, with the official opening in educational curriculum is designed to assist House and Winch House. The November. Final touches are being made with future employment, recognizing their white background speaks to the and the first guests are due to be welcomed military skills, to help them re-establish role of medical personnel in times this spring. themselves in civilian life. of emergency. The red maple Guests are responsible for cooking “This has been a labour of love and a leaf symbolizes Canada and the and cleaning but the society provides eve- dream come true,” says Stanton. “I have a white letter H superimposed on rything else. “The only rules we have are great fondness and respect for those men the maple leaf identifies Honour no drugs, no smoking and no pets,” says and women who are in our front lines in House. The dark blue horizontal Stanton. Canada and overseas. We need to do what bar represents the navy, the red we can to honour them and that is why we in the middle the army and the Community Support call it Honour House.” Many groups and organizations have light blue the air force. The gold lines symbolize all first respond- stepped up to the plate to support Honour Visit www.honourhouse.ca or contact Jim Stanton at House. A fund raising effort with Canadian [email protected] for more information on ers – fire, ambulance and law singer Sarah McLachlan attracted 800 Honour House. enforcement. supporters at $200 a seat. A flag was de-

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 13 APRIL 2011 Chinguacousy Township Police Celebrating 12 years of service... 50 years later

by Simon Martin was too lonely there for him and abandon the rest of the townships,” he said. his family. He worked for three “I was on the road on a continual basis. Bad Life has calmed down con- years in Richmond Hill before being accidents don’t necessarily happen between siderably for retired Chinguacousy coaxed into applying for the police 9 and 5.” Sider lived in uniform during those Township police chief Ken Sider. chief position in Chinguacousy. “[My early years, never having to wear his suit. Gone are the days of midnight calls, co-worker] was relentless. He bugged The plan all along was for Sider to grow council bickering and being the only me for two nights and I finally gave in the force. By October of 1961, he finally got the police officer for 140 square miles. “I and applied. Much to my surprise I got go ahead to hire a couple of men, but getting hold the somewhat dubious honour of a call a month later,” he recalled. more money from township counsel was like being the first and last Chinguacousy Town- Part of the reason Sider accepted the posi- pulling teeth. “You have to remember it was a ship police chief,” he said. tion was because Bramalea was expected to farming community. They were frugal and not Chingua-where? “I had never heard of the grow rapidly. It was the first satellite city in progressive in their thinking,” he said. Brama- place when I saw the job posting,” admitted Canada, he explained. One of Canada’s largest lea, however, was growing rapidly so the need Sider. Chinguacousy township, pronounced real-estate developers, Bramalea Consolidat- for a larger police department was absolutely tchin-ku-zi, was located in Peel County, west ed, had purchased the farmland and planned essential, explained Sider. Sider answered to a of Toronto. The township’s big population hub to build a city with parks and greenbelts – but three person township police committee and was Bramalea with 1,000 people. In 1973, when Sider first showed-up, Bramalea was they all followed Reeve Cyril Clark, he said. Chinguacousy was absorbed into the Regional little more than a farming community. “He was a real challenge,” said Sider. “It Municipality of Peel. The southern half of Sider was sworn in as chief in June, 1961 seemed like his main goal was to block the the township became part of Brampton while as the only member of the force. “The OPP progress of the police department. He was the northern half joined the town of Caledon. stayed for about six or seven weeks while I anti-police.” Sider still remembers standing “You see all this,” said Sider, now did my orientation, then I was left all by my beside Clark one day, waiting for his wife to 83-years-old, pointing at a subdivision along lonesome,” he said. “It was pretty rough. I was pick him up. When she arrived in that same Bramalea Road. “It used to be beautiful farm- expected to be available seven days a week, 1954 Oldsmobile, the inside fender fell-off. land. Oh how times have changed.” Sprawling 24 hours a day. My wife thought I was a little “Old Cyrel turns to me and said ‘you do as I corn fields have been evicted by urban sprawl. crazy.” He was responsible for policing 19 say and you’ll be driving a new one of these.’ Rows and rows of houses have been neatly hamlets covering 140 square miles. You know what; I didn’t listen and drove that planted and bath in the sunlight of the mild Getting his feet wet as chief was a chal- thing into the ground.” March afternoon. “It just ain’t what it used to lenge. His annual budget was a paltry $5,000 After much verbal jousting, Clark re- be,” he said, shaking his head. in the first year – and that included his salary lented and bought a three-bedroom house Sider arrived in Chinguacousy Township and vehicle. The police headquarters was on Balmoral Drive in Bramalea for the new in 1961, driving his two-tone, brown 1954 a tiny basement room in a township office. Chinguacousy Police headquarters. Bramalea Oldsmobile and leaving behind northern Sas- “I had to spend the majority of my time in was growing rapidly and the police force kept katchewan and a 10 year RCMP career. Life Bramalea, but by the same token I couldn’t hiring new people. By 1964, it was evident to

APRIL 2011 14 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Sider that they needed a proper headquarters. Regional Police (PRP). Sider’s 12 year reign as “It was ridiculous,” he said. “We were running chief was over. He spent the final 12 and a half twenty officers through this tiny house across years of his career as a PRP superintendent; they from the high school.” were not his fondest years, he added. It wasn’t until 1968 that council approved That tiny house on Balmoral Drive still a proper, 20,000 square foot police building, stands to this day. Driving past, Sider said it but Clark insisted that was too large. “We looks exactly the same. “It’s hard to believe had to knock off 6,000 square feet of the darn we had all our cruisers and everybody working thing. That insured it wouldn’t be big enough there for so long,” he laughed. in 15 years,” said Sider. The building was The new 14,000 square foot building completed in 1970. he fought so hard for is now old and vacant, “I was quite proud of that new build- dwarfed by the Bramalea City Centre that ing,” he said. “It really elevated us to a sprawls across the horizon, covering more than well-functioning police force that served the a million square feet. The new 200,000 square community well.” The new headquarters had The last members of the Chinguacousy foot PRP building casts a shadow onto the park- a proper identification section, youth bureau, Police detective office are shown from ing lot where Chinguacousy Township police criminal investigations branch and a record left: Det. J. Lewis; Cst B. Hunter; Det. J. cruisers used to park. Sider smiled as he passed keeping bureau. Sider was particularly proud Webster; Back row.- Cst. M. Chesterman; the old rusted out fuelling station, commenting of the record keeping system he set-up, which Cst. R. O’Kell that it was nice not to worry about gas prices. he says became the norm for all small police Members will mark the 50th anniversary departments across the province. He was also of the Chinguacousy Township Police Force’s proud of the force’s one per cent attrition rate. officer. People couldn’t understand what duties founding in May. Sider is looking forward to “Our officers deserve the majority of the credit she would be capable of performing, he said. seeing his officers again. They were a good for our success. They really did a tremendous Sider kept hiring new officers every year; group who worked well as a team, he said, job and made my job easier,” he said. the Chinguacousy Township Police Force had adding that it was a different time. “Back It was a different time. Sider recalled increased to 62 officers by 1973. “It was a good then… you could arrest someone for having a wanting to hire a new officer in 1963. “They collection,” said Sider. “I used to catch hell roach,” Sider chuckled. “Those were difficult ask me, ‘is he Anglo-Saxson?’ ‘Ya, I think so’ from the chiefs from larger centres because years full of challenges but I’m proud of what I said. ‘He wouldn’t be Catholic, would he?’ we were taking their people.” we accomplished.” ‘Nope, Spanish.’” Sider knew the new officer Bramalea wasn’t the only area growing. A was a strong Catholic but that was frowned population boom was sweeping across southern Those wishing to attend the Anniversary celebrations on at the time in the township. The new Ontario. Then Ontario Premier Bill Davis in- may contact Charlie Trimble by phone 519-823-1009 or officer was hired. Around the same time, Sider troduced regional governments in 1973 and the e-mail - [email protected] caught a lot of flak for hiring a female police Chinguacousy force was absorbed into the Peel

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 15 APRIL 2011 VIP for a day

High tempo, high stakes by Tony Palermo Part 2

Cst. Julie Mann has been a member of the OPS Traffic Escort Unit since 2004 and an instructor since 2009. One of 27 elite riders, Mann says it takes more than just being able to ride to make the team. “Like any specialized unit, it’s a very competitive process. You require a lot of control, dexterity and confidence.” Head Instructor Cst. Rick Comba agrees. “You can still be a good cop but not necessarily the right fit for this unit,” he says. of practice and training to safely master. On her. She looked up to see the bike had come Officers who are conditionally accepted paper, the unit has one official training day to rest just a little to her left, and cursed. must pass an intense three week basic op- a month, though additional group training “I was so mad,” she says. “I wanted to erator’s course, though the word “basic” is occurs every time they hit the road to do get up right away, grab the bike and do it a little misleading. The first day is spent in traffic enforcement or other types of related again. I wasn’t a new rider and I had done the classroom learning theory and reviewing escort functions. this type of manoeuvre countless times be- the ABCs of motorcycle riding, then it’s on “Funeral escorts account for a lot of fore. I was so upset with myself.” to all sorts of practical exercises designed our level five training,” says Mann. Even in She began to get up but the instructors to challenge the officer’s abilities. training, escorts are still high tempo, com- yelled for her not to move and everyone As an example, Mann says there are plex and dangerous, with a very real risk of ran over to assess her injuries. Battered, very tight, slow-speed drills requiring a high injury. At least two OPS officers have been her clothes torn and the peak of her helmet level of dexterity and incredible control of injured within the last year conducting level ripped off, Scheerder’s right knee and wrist the clutch, throttle and rear brake. “In a lot five training escorts. Others were injured hurt a little but she felt fine otherwise. She of these exercises,” she says, “you have to during the basic operator’s course. insisted that she was okay and was adamant lock out the fairing to the max and rub the “It happened so fast,” says Cst. Christie about continuing the exercise. floorboards in order to successfully complete Scheerder, who took a nasty spill during “I didn’t want to say that I was hurt,” the turns.” week two of the course in May 2009. She says Scheerder. “I needed to do it again, right There are also high-speed emergency was completing a counter-steering exercise away, so that I didn’t allow the fear to get the breaking drills that are extremely difficult through a sequence of five offset rows of better of me. I was concerned that I would to master. “A lot of candidates go down large pylons. The objective was to weave start to doubt myself and my abilities.” and then don’t have the confidence to try it left-to-right, counter-steering at a speed of After reevaluating the course, the bike again,” she notes. around 60 kilometres an hour. Scheerder was and Scheerder, the instructors agreed. De- For some officers, the sheer weight of confident she would make it through just as termined, she completed the exercise and the motorcycle is challenge enough when she had done the day before. then scolded herself for being careless. “In they discover they’re not strong enough to She passed the first row but while navi- hindsight,” says Scheerder, “when I started lift or push it around on different surfaces. gating around the second, nicked the outside to lose it I should have just exited the exer- Officers who pass all the required pylon with her bike’s crash bar, throwing her cise and started over again.” components join the team for up to seven off balance. Unable to recover, she smashed She continued her training day but a years. Those who don’t pass the first time into the third row of pylons. Scheerder re- few hours later, realized that her injury was through are restricted to driving cruisers members thinking that it wasn’t a big deal more serious than initially thought. Her right within the unit. Typically they will be given and she would just ride it out. A split-second knee was swollen and the pain so intense another chance the following year and are later, a pylon wedged itself in the front that it was difficult to lift her leg to operate reassigned from the unit after three years if wheel, causing the bike to flip. the back brake. By the end of the day, she they fail again. As a gut reaction, Scheerder’s right could barely get off of the bike, let alone Many of the escort-related duties – leg shot out, hyper-extending her knee and walk. “My right leg couldn’t support any whether it’s racing through busy streets in launching her face first through the air. She weight,” says Scheerder. “My knee would leapfrog formation at 120 kilometres an landed on her front-right side and slid along let go and then the leg would just collapse.” hour or straddling the centre line between a the pavement for about 15 feet, her bike flip- At hospital later that weekend, doc- motorcade and oncoming traffic – take a lot ping several times dangerously close behind tors delivered the bad news. Her meniscus

APRIL 2011 16 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE was damaged and her MCL and PCL both partially torn. She would have to wear a full leg brace to keep her knee completely immobilized, take time off, see a specialist and undergo extensive physiotherapy. Taking the weekend to partially recover, Scheerder was determined to finish the last week of the course. “It didn’t involve any exercises,” she says. “It was group riding out on the roadway, which I knew I could do.” Friend and colleague Cst. Dan Testa, an avid and experienced rider himself, stayed close and helped her on and off the bike during the last week. “Her driving abilities were fine,” says Testa. “It was simply getting on and off the bike that was a problem for her. Testa says that, while he tried to be discreet in helping Scheerder because he didn’t want the instructors to remove her from the course, he doesn’t think they fooled anyone. “I think they just turned a blind eye to it because they could see how determined she was,” he says. “Also, they knew that Christie’s abilities on the bike were far superior to most to be very careful because she is now more students of the RCMP’s National VIP Course riders and to lose her would have been a susceptible to injury. on their final practical exam and see how huge loss for the unit. She was nicknamed “It’s just the reality I have to live with,” well these “new suits” can keep a group of ‘silky smooth’ because she made everything says Scheerder. “Riding the motorcycle is a visiting dignitaries safe. look easy.” very dangerous job – I’ve experienced this

Scheerder’s injury is permanent and her first-hand – but I can’t even describe how Tony Palermo is Blue Line’s correspondent for the knee will never be 100 per cent. Depending much I enjoy it. This is an elite squad of Eastern Ontario & Western Québec region. A freelance on the weather or if she’s been active, she motorcycle riders and I am very proud to writer and former federal corrections officer, he welcomes still experiences pain, has been told she be a part of the team.” all e-mails and stories of interest at [email protected]. will develop arthritis and doctors warn her Next month in part three, we shadow

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 17 APRIL 2011 RCMP to light up communities

by Winston Carston which includes 14 municipalities. The detach- works or sanitation department. Our members ment’s 12 cars could be called to any munici- not only work here but also live here and are In a bold step forward detachments of the pality in their region at any time so permanent part of their community.” Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Manitoba signs were not an option. A proposal to adapt The display units are versatile enough to are hitting the highway in a hitech way. In the route signs used on the front of buses was also double as community message displays, a rather illuminting fashion also ruled out. show the names of missing children or high- they are having their police “They’re too large for the doors of any- light web pages or local phone numbers for vehicles identify with their thing smaller than Crown Vics – and even then crime watch initiatives. communities. it was a tight fit,” explains Worman. “We were “The marquee mode can display direc- The police cars have new also concerned officers would forget to change tional arrows, ‘stop’ messages when roads LED panels attached to both the signs, which have to be operated manually. are closed or simply wish residents a Happy front doors which display the There’s not a lot of love lost between some of Christmas, Hanukkah, Feast of St. Basil, name of the community they these areas; cruisers showing the name of a Bodhi, Diwali or Kwanzaa, a meaningful Insp. Dean are currently patrolling. neighbouring region could be vandalized or Tenrikyo, Ramadan or Lohri or peaceful Tu Worman “This is the perfect an- even come under attack.” b’Shvat or Lammas, Lughnassad or Guru swer for an agency as large The new LED signs are automatic. An Gobind Singh’s Birthday – depending on as ours,” says Insp. Dean Worman, unit com- integrated computer checks with the onboard the area being patrolled, of course,” says mander of the Steinbach RCMP Detachment. GPS system and then changes the signs to Worman. “We have recognized over the years that towns reflect the area being patrolled. The thin display screens use new full col- and cities which contract with the RCMP “We have long recognized the need to our E Ink technology (a monochrome version would like to show the ownership they have ensure each community looks upon us as their can be seen on Amazon’s Kindle ebook read- in the police vehicles we use.” police service of choice,” Worman states. “It ers). “It was fairly simple to mount the displays Police vehicles under Worman’s command is important that our presence is viewed as on cruiser doors,” says Manitoba RCMP Fleet patrol a more than 800 square kilometre area being as much a part of the community as the Manager James Bliss, though he admits inte- grating them with the car’s computer system and adapting off the shelf GPS devices to run the signs was a little more complicated. As with all new technological advance- ments, Bliss admits to some minor bugs, which he says technicians are currently working hard to solve. When pressed for details, he allows that “every once in a while you can hear GPS prompts such as ‘Turn Left in 100 meters’ or ‘Exit ramp in 10 seconds.’ “We are really concerned about messages that say ‘Turn right now’ or ‘Stop and turn around’ over the cruiser PA horn.” Bliss noted. “This is not only annoying, it can be dangerous. Motorists being followed by police cars think the officer is directing them and they could turn into traffic or stop in the middle of the road. We are still trying to work out why

APRIL 2011 18 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE this is happening but until we figure it out, celebrity and novelty GPS voices have been banned in our test cars.” There have also been a few bureaucratic Deputy Chief becomes bumps along the way, including one which the detachment had not anticipated. When Deputy Minister the display is in marquee mode, RCMP The deputy chief of Central Saanich Island Integrated Major Crime Unit. Headquarters views the messages shown police will become B.C.’s top bu- Pecknold has been an advocate of as an “official communication.” All official reaucrat in charge of policing. police departments working together communications are required to be in both Clayton Pecknold has ended through integration but has not de- official languages. his year-long term as president clared a position on regionalization. “We’re still working on that one,” says Bliss. of the B.C. Association of Police He has said Greater Victoria One solution being considered is to add dedicated Chiefs to become the director of might be better served with two French panels, though officers who are not bi- police services in the Ministry of the dispatch centres instead of three. lingual would have to either stick to prepared Solicitor General and Public Safety. Currently, there are dispatch centres in messages or contact Ottawa for translations. He will take over from Kevin Begg Victoria, Saanich and the West Shore. Another issue is the force’s commitment who has served in that role since the The director of police services to multiculturalism. The aim of the new early 1990s. has the ability to wade into municipal displays is to bring the RCMP closer to the The police services director policing issues, as Begg did in 2002 communities it serves so other languages must ensures adequate levels of polic- when he conducted the audit of be accommodated. For example, Steinbach ing across B.C., administers policing policy, the Esquimalt police department that led to its has a sizable population of German origin. oversees the RCMP contracts and researches amalgamation with Victoria police the next year. There’s not enough room on the doors for three provincial crime data. However, Begg’s 2010 audit into that panels, says Bliss, and communicating mes- Pecknold, who is in his late 40s, has been merger gave the Township of Esquimalt the sages in three or more languages can become deputy chief of Central Saanich police since option of contracting out policing, based on the problematic and cumbersome. 2001. Prior to that, he spent four years as service they want. None of these problems are insurmount- legal counsel for Victoria police and 11 years Pecknold, who has a law degree from able, stresses Bliss. He’s confident solutions in RCMP detachments across the country Dalhousie University, helped bring in B.C.’s will be found before the official rollout of the including Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ottawa electronic records-management system, new signs on all municipal contract police and Manitoba. PRIME, which he has said allows for “seamless” vehicles April 1. In 2003, he led the police working group communication between municipal forces and on integration, which sparked the creation the RCMP. To vote on this concept go to blueline.ca and fill in the (Victoria Times Colonist) survey supplied. of such specialized units as the Vancouver

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 19 APRIL 2011 HR solutions made easy through an integrated approach by Geoff Gruson the policing management experts to build integrated and customizable solutions for your To excerpt and paraphrase a Blue Line HR challenges. survey (January 2011) on the “challenges of A rigorously researched and nation- moving into management,” here are some ally validated competency-based management findings that should be causing some of us (CBM) regime is now available to you, at no to lose sleep: charge, to support every HR management 1. Top three challenges of moving into man- function. agement? CBM in policing now consists of: • Lack of managerial training; A. Theory/information: based on relevant • Role conflict/confusion; research that clearly defines the benefits • Difficulty managing. of CBM 2. Most needed prerequisite? B. A competency framework that presents a • Management training. common language and understanding of the 3. Most effective supervisors? work and underlying competencies required • Have management training. for high performing “general duty” polic- 4. Least effective managers? The story by the numbers ing, including: • Lack of preparation/management train- What does it take to identify a compe- • Job analysis – available jobs in general ing/experience. tency-based management (CBM) framework duty policing, fully analyzed and defined; 5. How are we doing? which will support the HR management issues • Task lists by rank/role profile, including • 21 per cent of services have ongoing in every police services? what they actually do; training for new managers; • $1.3 million; • Competencies defined, including what it • 36 per cent have some pre-promotional • Three years research; takes to be successful in the job; training; • Looking at best practices in three continents; • Competency profile, including all the • 26 per cent have adequate preparation; • The efforts of 70+ members on two separate specific competencies required to do • 18 per cent are effective at developing steering committees and 70 contributing the job well and the specific levels of full management potential. police organizations; proficiency expected; In other words, not that well! • Seven hundred subject matter experts to vali- • A common competency dictionary built So, the bad news is, we clearly have a date the task lists and competency profiles. for policing, by policing. problem developing leadership and manage- We developed seven guides for managers C. Seven instructive guides – a step-by-step ment. The good news? The sector has already and more than 40 tools and templates, which instructions/practical tips for CBM: got some solutions in this critically important are now available online. 1. Introduction to competency-based po- area that have been compiled into frameworks The framework consists of customizable lice service management; – guides, templates and tools – and are avail- solutions to ensure your agency selects, devel- 2. Constable selection: a best practice ap- able to all managers. ops and retains the talent it needs to meet the proach and research update; The Police Sector Council (PSC) success- Canadian standard in public safety services. 3. Succession management: developing a fully completed a multi-year project in January There are tools and instruction guides to sup- pool of potential successors for critical 2011 to develop a competency-based frame- port management excellence for every level. policing roles; work for general duty policing management As you can appreciate, the success of your 4. Leadership development: managing of all ranks/roles – from constable to chief service depends upon effective HR manage- the development of essential leadership – with a special focus on the requirements for ment practices – practices that are strategic and competencies; developing leadership at all levels. defensible. We have gathered and leveraged 5. Police executive selection: a best practice approach for police boards and commissions; 6. Mentoring and coaching: supporting leadership development; 7. Police leadership education and training: aligning programs and courses with leadership competencies. D. A customizable kit with more than 40 tools and templates that can be modified to suit the needs of your individual police service. The kit includes: • Interview and reference check guides; • Learning plan and performance management templates; • Leadership development plans; • Succession management worksheet. E. Other research and recommended reading Police management needs are unremitting

APRIL 2011 20 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE and the challenges unrelenting – the demo- graphics of an aging workforce and fewer young people interested in policing, an in- creasingly complex work environment, rising costs and reduced budgets for getting the work RCMP hero done well... The challenge is to get the right people, with the right skills and tools, to do and author passes the job right – and we have to have this in place every day. KAMLOOPS, B.C. - A retired for his efforts in hunting down a Your sector council invested in develop- RCMP officer who once stopped man who killed three RCMP offic- ing a competency framework. This ensures a a mentally ill man after he’d killed ers in Peterson Creek in 1962, and common language and clear understanding of three Mounties has died. a Commanding Officers Commen- the work and underlying competencies for all John White died in Kamloops dation in 1968 for his tenacity in the ranks of general duty policing positions. It is in February at age 80. murder investigation of a woman in provided along with clear, fair and transparent In 2002, White, who was the Vancouver area. management practices to support employee en- known as Jack, co-authored a White became known in the gagement and overall sustainability of policing book called “Honoured in Places: Kamloops area when he shot dead at a high level of professionalism. Remembered Mounties Across cop killer George Booth. Policing collaboration and integration has Canada.’’ Booth had shot and killed again resulted in success. All of the materi- Retired officer Gerry McRae constables Don Weisgerber, E. Jo- als available to you are fully customizable. said White and his wife Helen seph Keck and Gordon Pedersen. Adapt the templates and tools to include drove around western Canada visiting grave- At the time, they were the entire day shift for your own logo, vision, values, pictures and yards and building a database about RCMP the city force. organizational messages or instructions to en- members and that some of the information they White heard an officer had been shot in sure consistency with your other management collected was included in the book. the lower part of a park, so he and two other tools. Good tools for good HR management “He was a very mild-mannered person officers headed to the top to head off Booth. are now in-place. to look at and to talk to. But he had a lot of En route, they stopped to get their hunting rifles To borrow a powerful marketing phrase, stuff inside him,’’ McRae said. When White because they were only issued snubnosed now “just do it!” retired after 35 years with the force, he was revolvers and .303 Lee-Enfields. the contract policing officer for B.C., and his Booth appeared suddenly and took three Visit www.policecouncil.ca for “rigorously developed and rank was Chief Superintendent. shots at White before the officer returned fire. nationally validated materials to support strategic HR He was awarded two commendations: the He killed Booth with one shot. management of policing, at no charge!” Contact Geoff Commissioner’s Commendation for Bravery (Kamloops Daily News) Blue Line News Week Gruson at [email protected] to learn more.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 21 APRIL 2011 Bringing order to chaos Preparing for high risk events by Michael Weaver

US emergency room (ER) visits related to drug and alcohol use rose from 1.6 million in 2005 to almost two million in 2008, according to the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The figures highlight the increasing threat to first responders during such calls. The number of ER visits resulting in violence increased from 16,277 in 2006 to 21,406 in 2008. individual that “slipped through the cracks.” cuts in social services and increases in negative Compounding the issue, there is a small subset There is no hard data on violence against occurrences with those suffering mental illness of the mentally ill that are prone to violence. first responders in the field but they face the and/or addiction. Though most psychiatric professionals dismiss reality every day. One can safely assume that The current media sensation is linking this assertion, anecdotally, newspaper head- if violence is increasing against health care sudden death in police custody with the use lines tell a tale of random senseless violence providers and security staff in ERs, it is also of Conducted Energy Weapons. Previously, and murder against civilians, first responders increasing against first responders. As early as sudden deaths were associated to positional and health care providers by the unmanaged 1939 researchers drew a direct link between asphyxia (pig pile), pepper spray and the lateral vascular neck hold (LVNH), among others. Most North American law enforcement organizations have taken steps to lessen the likelihood of in-custody death, yet they still occur. Gordon Graham, renowned speaker, attorney and advisor to police and fire/EMS, calls sudden deaths a low frequency, high risk event. Unfavorable results and consequences are predictable, he argues, in the absence of proper risk management tools. Most, says Gra- ham, can be linked to a breakdown in quality: 1. People doing the involved task. 2. Policy showing people how to do this task. 3. Training on how to do the task correctly. 4. Supervision ensuring the task is done right. 5. Discipline when policies are not followed. If we assume first responders intend to provide the best service possible and their agencies strive to have the highest qualified employees, we can eliminate Graham’s first point. The same logic can also apply to point two. Multiple in- custody death cases have ended with the firing of “responsible” parties and large pay-outs after lawsuits against municipalities. While unsure of “quality,” discipline resulting in termination for negative field outcomes is the ultimate motivation to avoid such circumstances, thus eliminating point five. If quality people are supervising and executing a specific task, with “quality” discipline in place to deter less than optimum performance, we can possibly exclude the cause of negative outcomes resulting from first responders actions by incorporating quality policy and training.

APRIL 2011 22 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Training Reactionary policy, crisis intervention training, less than lethal devices and Power Point presentations are no substitute for Parents responsible for graffiti relevant hands-on training to manage violent individuals. Phone interviews with several VICTORIA - In what’s being called a precedent that parents have some responsibility for acts state mental hospital directors confirmed in Canadian law, a couple in the Victoria suburb of vandalism caused by their children. The that, during prolonged psychotic events, of Langford have been found partly responsible youth, who’s now an adult, pleaded guilty to staff must physically subdue and restrain for the damage caused by their son’s graffiti. nine counts of mischief in the fall of 2008 and individuals so they can be medicated and B.C. Supreme Court Judge Robert Johnston was fined $350, but the city felt that was insuf- taken to hospital for further evaluation and has approved an order to certify an out-of-court ficient and sued for damages of over $25,000. treatment. This is in a hospital setting with settlement between the city of Langford and The final out-of-court settlement approved professionals who deal with the mentally ill the parents. by Johnson is close to $7,500. The son has every day, so the importance of being able The city’s lawyer, Troy DeSouza, says it’s also been banned from carrying spray paint to safely subdue and restrain the combative the first time the courts have acknowledged for two years. individual with unknown etiology in the (CFAX) Blue Line News Week field is paramount. The brain falls back on procedural memory during a high stress event. Simply stated, the more often you do a task, the more likely you can repeat it with minimal thought. An elite Olympic athlete, for example, must repeat a physically manipulative skill at least 500 times to be able to do it without thinking about it. This is known as unconscious competence. While a good goal to strive for, it is unrealistic to expect for a low frequency event. Relevant hands on training provides the foundation upon which to build success. This includes working with fire/EMS to determine when a subject becomes a patient and how they need to be “packaged” for rapid evaluation, treatment and transport. Officers have the right to restrain a suspect as they see fit but must keep in mind that local protocols may require fire/EMS to repackage them if they have been placed in hard restraints or a hobble. By training together, these details can be worked out long before an incident occurs, reducing time on-scene.

Summary Time is an enemy of first responders. It takes time for fire/EMS to arrive, recognize the medical crisis, package the suspect/patient, provide medical treatment and transport them to the ER. It takes more time if the respective disciplines are not on the same page. Remem- ber, the public is watching. Many people carry phones that can record everything you do and say and can post it on the Internet before you even leave the scene. I do not pretend I can impact reactionary policy but I can offer relevant hands-on training. The focus of my class at the Blue Line Trade Show is to keep both the first responder and combative subject safe, bring order to chaos and reinforce discipline and professionalism in the field when dealing with “out of control” subjects who don’t respond to traditional methods of de-escalation, subdual and restraint.

Michael Weaver is a veteran Firefighter/Paramedic. He is an author, instructor and advocate for the safety of all first responders. He is the instructor of the‘Transitional Tactics for the Combative Subject’ course at the Blue Line Trade Show & Training event in April. Check out blueline.ca/tradeshow/courses.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 23 APRIL 2011 The crime statistics debate by Scott Newark

My analysis of the StatsCan 2009 police reported crime statistics in February ruffled a few feathers and attracted both critical and sup- portive responses. Frankly, that’s a good thing. As stated in the analysis itself, the review’s purpose wasn’t to substitute for the work of Statistics Canada but rather to identify deficiencies in what it reports in the Police Reported Crime Statistics and to offer insights and examples of the deficiencies and tangi- ble suggestions to create more accurate and relevant information for Canadians. It does exactly that. Why doesn’t StatsCan report on the criminal profile of those charged with the defined offences? Does anyone really think it wouldn’t be helpful for systemic accountability or operational and policy decision makers not to know how many of the most serious crimes were committed by persons on bail, probation, parole, subject to criminal deportation or with previous federal incarceration? Does anyone really believe that the methodology Statistics Canada used doesn’t affect what they report? Don’t take my word contained crime volume and rate data for the in 1999 to 49,600 in 2005, a rise of 32 per for it. Here’s what StatsCan itself says: preceding five years and, for some offences, cent, while the rate per 100,000 increased There are a number of ways of measuring data from ten years previously. They managed from 123 to 154. the incidence of crime and each method will to fit it into the same sized reports as the 2009 Just to be clear, I was a crown prosecutor yield a different result. The characteristics version so maybe someone should explain why for 12 years, executive officer of the Canadian of the counting process will affect the count StatsCan chose to reduce the comparative data Police Association for five years and special which is obtained. Different data collection for more thorough reporting of crime volume counsel to the Ontario Office for Victims of systems will produce different figures for the and rate trends. Choices are made for a reason. Crime for six years. I helped Mr. Day on a same series of events since the count of events This is an admittedly complex subject but three month contract after he was appointed is a reflection of the definitions which are used not everything is discernible only to learned on a variety of issues, especially in relation to and the manner in which the data are gath- statisticians. From even the reduced com- border security. In short, I brought my exper- ered (Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics: parative data (reduced in 2008) I noticed the tise with me and retain it today. Policing Services Program - Uniform Crime following increases in the volume of crimes Finally, anticipating the response from the Reporting (05/Dec.02). from 2008 to 2009 that are on the higher end criminology and academia crowd to any criti- Describing the Crime Severity Index (CSI) of significance to most people. cism, I had the MacDonald Laurier Institute as ‘objective’ is also a stretch for anyone who • Homicide and attempt murder increased by include this quote (page 28) at the release of actually reads how StatsCan describes it, 84 incidents; the report, which has characterized my analy- which I invite everyone to do: • Sex assaults against children increased by sis of crime issues throughout my career – “… In calculating the CSI, each offence is 1185 incidents; instead of being “tough” on crime, it’s better assigned a weight, derived from sentences • Using/pointing/discharging a firearm in- to be honest about crime so as to be smart handed down by criminal courts. The more creased by 237 incidents; about crime.” serious the average sentence, the higher the • Kidnapping/unlawful confinement increased Vitriol aside, I’m glad to see the report has weight for that offence. As a result, more seri- by 76 incidents; generated a discussion on these crime statistics ous offences have a greater impact on changes • Child porn increased by 205 incidents; that includes the desirability of making them as in the index (page 9). • Trafficking (not coke or marijuana) increased accurate and relevant as they can be. I hope my Got that? It’s really an undisclosed as- by 582 incidents. report contributes to that effort but I’d suggest sessment of undisclosed offences based on None of these facts are included in the a starting point is for people to actually read it sentences... which aren’t disclosed... and StatsCan report “highlights” (pages 5-6) and and the StatsCan report it analyses. which are themselves inherently subjective... I don’t recall hearing about this when their that are used for the ‘severity’ assessment. It report was released. Do you? Scott Newark is a former Alberta Crown Prosecutor and also isn’t clear whether the ‘sentence’ is what Because StatsCan has also chosen to alter executive officer of the Canadian Police Association. He the judge announces for the media (which what crimes were included in certain reported has also served as Ontario’s Special Security Advisor, takes into account extra pre-trial credit) or the categories we are now unable to accurately director of operations for the Washington DC based real sentence, which is written on the warrant report changes in robberies with firearms or Investigative Project on Terrorism and as an advisor to the former public safety minister. He is currently Vice Chair of of committal. How about defined serious of- aggravated assaults/assaults with weapons, the National Security Group and a regular contributor to fences as the metric? both of which used to be tracked. From the ipolitics.ca on criminal justice and security issues. As for comparative data, lacking a social data I was able to find, the aggravated assault/ life, I am aware that reports prior to 2008 assault with a weapon increased from 37,500

APRIL 2011 24 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Newfoundland was better than home by Danette Dooley sleeves and storage sheds. “You got to get up early in the mornings Originally from Cape Breton, Nova Sco- to beat them. I always said if the government tia, Larry Power joined the RCMP and arrived could figure out how outport Newfoundlanders in St. John’s for his first posting in 1955. get around them, it would be some govern- “Around the end of your training, the train- ment,” he laughs. ing officer would call you in and ask where Power served 22 years with the RCMP you wanted to be posted. I told them I grew before retiring in 1978 to work on fire and up on the water and that I didn’t want to go to fraud investigations. He worked closely the Prairies, but I had no problem coming to with the force and the RNC for the two Newfoundland,” Power recalls. decades as special assistant to the fire Television was in its infancy at the time. commissioner. His image of Newfoundland was of a few “I got paid by a different group and I didn’t houses and some fishing stages. wear a uniform but I basically did the same “Then when I got off the train (in St. work,” he says. John’s) I looked around and I thought, Jeez, After surviving a bout of cancer, Power this is better than home. There were all kinds remains active in the community. He serves of stores and a barbershop. I’d come from a as vice president of the province’s police small community so this was great,” he says. Newfoundlanders were great thinkers and peace officers’ memorial and national Power policed numerous Newfoundland when it came to finding places to hide their president of the RCMP Veterans’ Association. communities during his career. “In my early homebrew and other illegal liquor from the “I’m proud of my service with the RCMP. days a police officer was like a priest or a doc- police, he notes. I still think it’s the best police force in the tor. We were thought to be the hierarchy of the “One place they’d have it in a barrel and world,” he says. community,” he says. they’d hide the barrel under a hamper of dirty clothes so if you went in to search you’d never Community policing back in those early Danette Dooley is Blue Line’s East Coast correspondent. days meant engrossing yourself in the town think it would be there.” She can be reached at [email protected] and working with your neighbours to take care Bottles were also hid in rubber boots, coat of whatever job needed to be done, he says. “When I went to St. George’s, I got on the recreation committee and we built a rink. I played ball and I played hockey. We got the young fellows in high school and we’d teach them some police holds. That was what community relations was about back then. It wasn’t structured like it is today.” Officers used to respond to calls differ- ently back then, recalls Power. “If anything happens today, a shooting or a barricade situation, they have different groups they send out, probably 20 or 30 members.” In his day, getting help was unusual, no matter what the situation. “You learn to live with that and at that time you felt you were safe. We didn’t even wear a side arm when we went on night patrol.” Power recalls responding to his first bank robbery on Duckworth Street in St. John’s. The fact that he responded to the call, unarmed, was never questioned, he says. “We got a call that buddy had a shot gun and we had to set up a road block on the Trans Canada Highway to make sure he didn’t get out of town. Here’s two of us (members) standing on the highway stopping cars and, as far as we knew, the fellow was coming towards us. Here we were, we didn’t even have a shotgun,” he says. Power downplays the seriousness of the situation. “That didn’t happen every day. If you look at the drugs and the foolishness on the go today, in my day, most of what you’d have to face was a fellow drunk with a drop of homebrew.”

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 25 APRIL 2011 Would you take a letter to Garcia Doing the right things for the right reasons... without question by Chris Lewis his location; how to avoid the enemy; how to locate supplies – might all be questions they Knowing my interest in leadership and or even we would ask before accepting the having sat through one of my presentations mission. As well, how many times in our ca- on the subject, Ontario Provincial Police Sgt. reers have we heard people say: “It’s not my Mike Harrington sent me an article written job,” or “Why can’t someone else do it?,” or by Elbert Hubbard in 1899, entitled A mes- even worse, “Do it yourself”? We also know sage to Garcia. those that might say: “I tried, but I couldn’t It chronicles events that occurred dur- find Garcia.” But Rowan apparently just took ing the Spanish-American War, when US the package from the Commander-in-Chief President William McKinley decided that and set about his way. he needed to quickly communicate with Hubbard states: Andrew Summers Rowan (center, with the white the leader of the Cuban insurgents, General My heart goes out to the man who does neckerchief) and General Calixco Garcia (right). his work when the “boss” is away, as well as Calixto Garcia, prior to invading the Span- Photo taken in Cuba, 1889. Lieutenant Rowan ish colony there. Garcia was believed to be was a “Get Things Done” (GTD) guy before when he is at home. And the man who, when somewhere in the remote mountainous region his time. No dithering, no procrastination, he given a letter for Garcia, quietly takes the of Cuba fighting the Spanish troops and in an got right on task, one action item after another. missive, without asking any idiotic questions unknown location where he could never be and with no lurking intention of chucking it reached by the conventional means of com- into the nearest sewer, or of doing naught else munication at that time. Finding him would 1899. Its focus is to query the reader as to the but deliver it, never gets “laid off,” nor has to not be an easy or safe task. In fact it might measure of a man that would accept such a go on a strike for higher wages. Civilization well be impossible. daunting, seemingly impossible and extremely is one long anxious search for just such in- When President McKinley expressed his dangerous assignment without question. dividuals. Anything such a man asks shall be wish that his critical message be delivered to We all know people who would have granted; his kind is so rare that no employer Garcia with haste, US Army Lieutenant An- a thousand reasons not to do the simplest can afford to let him go. He is wanted in drew S. Rowan readily accept the challenge of problematic tasks. We are also familiar every city, town and village – in every office, without question or comment. He took the let- with subordinates, leaders and colleagues shop, store and factory. The world cries out ter, “sealed it up in a oil-skin pouch” and set off who would ask hundreds of questions as to for such: he is needed and needed badly – the on his mission to “carry a message to Garcia!” how they should approach a far less difficult man who can carry a message to Garcia. Hubbard’s article was reportedly written assignment. How to get to Cuba; how to de- In addition to the obvious portrayal of in an hour on a winter evening in February termine Garcia’s whereabouts; how to get to the positive traits we would all want in our

APRIL 2011 26 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE personnel, the article also encourages self- sions and the troops need to carry them out All of us can name some of them we’ve analysis in terms of how the reader can apply post-haste. There’s no time for a group-hug worked with or for or have supervised. We’ll these traits to their own life. It is touted as when the bad guy is running out of the back also always have some people who couldn’t being one of the most widely read literary door of a bank with a gun. Somebody has to decide whether to come in out of the rain. Un- pieces in history. In fact, many military make a decision and take action. If it goes fortunately we have promoted some of these academies have made it mandatory reading well, the true leader will give credit to the people. But largely the vast majority of people for officer cadets and it is presented to non- troops and if it goes bad, the true leader will who make up our services want to do the right commissioned officers on promotion within accept responsibility. But when operational things for the right reasons. They will question the various U.S. military divisions. goals and strategies are being formed and the how and the why of that along the way and As I reflected on the essay and the writ- time permits, why wouldn’t we get the we should question them when feasible, as we ings of various authors that have examined thoughts and suggestions of our people? lead them and our organizations into the future. its meaning, I concluded that the reality of the We’ll most often make better decisions and We are in this together. applicability of this article has greatly dimin- we’ll more often have buy-in from the troops Anything less is a failure of leadership. ished over time. In our paramilitary organi- on those decisions if we do. That is true “par- zations, police leaders have long pushed the ticipative management”. Chris Lewis is the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial notion of having their subordinates not ask We will still always have “Lieutenant Police. Your responses to this article are encouraged by email to Dan Parle at [email protected]. any questions, but simply get the job done. I Rowans” in our services and God love them. fully believed in that approach myself over the years, both as a front-line officer and as a leader. In fact as a young constable in the 1970s, I had corporals that I lived in fear of ever questioning or challenging in anyway. At the same time, for many years we taught the theories of “participative management” to new supervisors; it was required reading in preparation for promotional interview panels at one time in the OPP. The whole theory was simple – those folks out doing the job day after day know it best and can offer the best advice on how to do it better. But God forbid we’d ever actually ask them what they thought. However, we don’t hire lemmings. We recruit intelligent and educated personnel; we encourage them to be innovative and to be in a state of continuous learning throughout their careers. We trust them to make decisions that may jeopardize their lives or those of a colleague and we authorize them to use deadly force. Although some might think that in a perfect world they would all also be like Lieutenant Rowan and accept the most difficult of assignments without hesitation or question, we cannot expect that to be reality in 2011 and onward. Our people will ask questions; will want to understand “why” we do certain things in a specific way; and will constantly look for easier and/or safer approaches and technological solutions to challenges. They will also expect to be consulted on issues that impact their lives and careers when appropriate. They are often not afraid of supervisors and senior officers. Is that a bad thing? Do “they” have a problem or do “we,” as rapidly-aging old cops from the paramilitary environment, have the problem? If we as leaders are not picking the brains of these young and capable folks, “we” are missing the boat. When difficult decisions need to be made that will impact on the employees of the organization, we owe it to them to seek their input. As leaders we aren’t all instantly brilliant and all-knowing. If we are making decisions without that input, then we are making them without necessarily having all the facts. That’s not fair to our people; not fair to the communities we’re sworn to protect; and it is not true leadership. There is a time to call for a huddle; to hold hands and sing “Kumbaya,” but there are also times when leaders have to make deci-

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 27 APRIL 2011 Your “go to” people by Tom Wetzel there certainly is something to be gained from all that experience. A friend about to be promoted to sergeant Often times, the input from those under was covering my days off. Wanting a trusted of- your direction will only solidify your decisions. ficer he could turn to for insight with a problem If they have a counter view and you listen to or concern, he asked who my go to person was. their reasoning, you may recognize that it is not Any officer on my shift, I answered. persuasive or compelling. If it is, you may look Initially meant as a kidding remark, I went upon a situation from a different perspective on to explain that all the officers on my shift and notice something that you had overlooked. have something to help me. I hope my newly Leaders should recognize that there is much to promoted friend appreciates that, although you glean from those we serve with. may turn to a particular officer for help, you will More importantly, when a leader seeks other be remiss if you don’t take advantage of all the officers’ opinions, he is helping their develop- wisdom, enthusiasm and ideas that those who bouncing ideas off them, you will make more ment and professionalism. As a supervisor, you report to you may offer. informed decisions and improve their “buy-in.” are the immediate face of management. When an The value of recognizing the potential of Although there are times when quick, deci- officer feels their agency solicits and appreciates each officer under your direction and the useful- sive direction by a leader is important, there are their viewpoint, they know their input can help ness of their knowledge and opinions can result many circumstances where thoughtful delibera- make the department a better place to work and in rich returns for your team. By trying to make tion with outside input is valuable. It could range the area they patrol a safer place to live. every officer feel that they can be depended on from patrol tactics, scheduling, community Realizing their agency expects them to be as a “go to guy or gal,” you will not only learn policing ideas or which criminal charges are one of its go to people may make them work how to do your job better but develop their skills most appropriate for a particular situation. Who harder to live up to that expectation. A wise as officers and enhance their confidence. You better to draw from than those who do the job? leader may have a couple officers they trust will also help mould them into leaders, whether Unfortunately, some bosses may look at implicitly but will also have a full shift of “go formally or informally. asking for input as somehow diminishing their to officers.” New (and veteran) leaders should recognize role as a leader. Others may feel it makes them that they do not have all the answers. There is just look uninformed or indecisive. They miss out on Tom Wetzel is a suburban police lieutenant, trainer, too much to know in our line of work. When they so much. For example, a 10 officer shift where SWAT officer and certified law enforcement executive. don’t know something, seasoned supervisors will each officer has an average of seven years on the Contact him at [email protected] with your comments seek answers and the officers who report to them road, a leader can draw from 70 collective years or for more information. can be valued resources. By asking questions and of police experience. Regardless of agreement,

APRIL 2011 28 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE GUIDE

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BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 31 APRIL 2011 GUIDE Exhibitors

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Our of- Dodge Charger Enforcer surrounds the heroic is an automatic computerized voltage that discon- fering of Personal Protective Equipment includes men and women who protect us with uncompromis- nects the system and protects your starting power, eye, ear, head, face and hand protection, as well as ing safety and security equipment, including stand- battery and alternator. specialty clothing. ard advanced multistage driver and front-passenger Autotherm: No Idle Vehicle Heating System is By representing and distributing a wide range air bags and more. a non-fuel burning, non-emitting and maintenance of the worldâ€™s leading brands we are able to Built at the Brampton Assembly Plan in Bramp- free vehicle interior heating system. Once turned specialize in offering product solutions to a wide ton, Ontario, the Dodge Charger Enforcer is avail- on by the driver the system operates and terminates

APRIL 2011 32 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE GUIDE Exhibitors

operation automatically when the engine coolant gineering department, FELLFAB® works closely reaches 35 degrees celsius. with clients to develop and build products that DiCAN offers quality products and workman- suit their specific needs. ship by qualified technicians. Established in 1952, FELLFAB® has manufactured a vast assortment of products suited Draeger for both patrol and tactical operations including 502 tactical vests, backpacks, pressure infused in- Draeger is an international leader in the fields travenous (IV) systems, stowage bags, modular tentage and customized equipment covers. 607 of medical and safety technology. ® Technology for Life is the guiding philosophy. FELLFAB is registered under ISO 9001:2008 Trepkov has been involved in 121 law en- Whether in clinical applications, industry, mining and AS9100(Rev.B). forcement cases throughout Canada and the USA. or fire and emergency services, Draeger products Specializing in two and three Dimensional Facial protect, support and save lives. Fenix Tactical Reconstructions, Postmortems, Composites, Age The safety division offers customers con- 303 Progressions, Disguise Drawings and Surveillance sultancy, products and services for an integrated Fenix Tactical manufactures, sells and ex- Video Sketching. She is Certified in forensic art hazard management, especially for personal and ports a full line of professional and recreational by the International Association for Identification facility protection. The current portfolio comprises flashlights. Product line includes military/tacti- and sits on the board of the I.A.I.’s forensic art stationary and mobile gas detection systems, res- cal, outdoor flashlights, and emergency lights for sub-committee. piratory protection equipment, fire training sys- car, boat, house, and cottage. Our flashlights are Her book “Faceless, Voiceless: From Search tems, as well as alcohol and drug detection units. tested by international consumer and technical to Closure” (A Forensic Artist’s Inspirational Ap- authorities and granted five star rating in all proach to the Missing and Unidentified) is now categories. Very powerful (hand held – up to 830 available. Trepkov has helped to solve many high Early Warning Systems Canada profile cases. 106 lumens), and low energy consuming lights made Early Warning Systems Canada has de- under strict military specs. veloped a system which will inform drivers in Special programs for developing nations, advance that emergency vehicles are approach- military/police, government agencies and NGOs. ing from within their own car. Regardless of Visit us at: www.fenixtactical.com for information what function the radio is in at the time of the about our latest products. broadcast, our system will take priority and be You can depend on our lighting systems! heard through the speakers of the radio (even if it is off). After which the radio will return to Fisher Space Pen W2 its original function. The transmitter will have 403, 404 FORTLOG Services, developing healthier multiple messages to select from. These mes- The secret behind the Fisher Space Pen lies in people for healthier organizations, offers Critical sages will be customized (including dialect) for the unique design characteristics of the ink and the Incident Stress Management Training and Certifica- each department making it easy to focus on your high precision manufacturing tolerances of the ball tion through ICISF (International Critical Incident issues in your area. See you there! point and socket. The ink is fed to the ball point Stress Foundation) as well as individual, peer and by gas pressure permitting the pen to write in any family support. We serve primarily police offic- FELLFAB Limited position. ers, paramedics, fire fighters emergency doctors, 505 An additional benefit of the closed design is that schools and other front line emergency workers, FELLFAB® is a leading manufacturer of engi- it keeps the pen from drying out giving the Fisher providing proactive and interactive interventions neered textile products for a variety of defence, law Space Pen an estimated 100 year shelf life. Due to its and support before, during and after an incident. enforcement and first responder clients. unique design and reputation for writing in extreme John Robertson, our main trainer, is a CTS (Certified FELLFAB® manufactures an extensive line conditions the Space Pen has become the pen of Trauma Specialist through ATSS), has a values based of textile products for military, law enforcement choice for law enforcement, military, astronauts, style, addresses causes with root concerns (not just and first responder end-use. with an in-house en- tradesmen, fire-fighters, coast guard and more. symptoms) and is an experienced and proven trainer.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 33 APRIL 2011 GUIDE Exhibitors

FP Technology police in its member countries, and to facilitate W6 international co-operation through friendly con- We are a North American company specializing tacts between police officers of all continents. in LED technology; our specialty is an innovative Membership now exceeds 300,000 officers in over hands free device called FleXlite. FleXlite is not a 58 countries and is steadily rising. Membership is flashlight; our products emit a powerful 130° angle open to any serving or former Police Officer meet- lighting rather than a narrow beam, and comes with ing the requirements as set out in the Canadian a new lithium-ion battery technology that has no Section Constitution. 405 memory effect. More powerful than two four-foot Lifeloc Technologies has been a recognized fluorescent light with a quick deployment of less leader in the breath alcohol testing industry for three than 30 seconds. Used by specialized Units: K9, JB Wand decades. Today, this expertise includes a range of bomb squad, search & rescue, divers, traffic accident W1 leading edge portable and evidential breathalyzers, investigator, crime scene investigators, and tactical A multifunctional, interchangeable, recharge- drug screening products, training and certification forces and many other applications. able, super bright LED traffic light wand with long programs, supplies, accessories and five star cus- lasting power per charge. tomer service. All Lifeloc equipment is designed and Consciously developed with safety in mind manufactured in the US. The organization is honored Frontline Training & Tactical for the front line law enforcement officer. Products Inc. to serve customers in more than 45 countries and in Newly issued patented design made waterproof the law enforcement, corrections, workplace safety, 205 and manufactured using strong polycarbon- military, education, maritime, and consumer mar- Frontline Training & Tactical Products Inc. of- ate plastic. Enables the JbWand to withstand kets. Additional company information is available fers tactical and special operations unit training and high impact and tolerate the rigours of various on the web at www.lifeloc.com. products for law enforcement. Courses are designed environmental elements. Offering years of reli- to include the most recent, relevant, realistic training ability and service. M D Charlton Co Ltd and are available at your facility eliminating travel Unlike many other rechargeable products, or accommodation costs. our battery packs are replaceable and 100% 301 Frontline offers a wide range of law enforce- recyclable. M D Charlton has been providing a wide range ment equipment including duty gear, clothing, The only light you would need for your shift. of top quality equipment to Canadian law enforce- footwear, body armour, less lethal chemical muni- See and be seen!! One shift one light JbWand. ment agencies and security companies for the past tions, night vision and emergency equipment, all 32 years. Featured will be MDC tactical apparel, from trusted manufacturers. Streamlight flashlights, Original SWAT boots, ASP Frontline is your one-stop source for all your JIBC Emergency batons and tactical handcuffs, Hatch gloves and tactical training and equipment needs. Management Division Gould & Goodrich nylon belt accessories. We will 103 be featuring Blackhawk Warrior Wear apparel, Serpa Integral Tactical An accredited post-secondary institution, the Holsters and Tactical Gear. 606 JIBC has been educating Canada’s public safety Integral Tactical is a designer and manufacturer professionals for more than 30 years. Visit our MobileLBS of specialized outdoor products which are sold direct booth and find out more about our Bachelor of 203 to tactical and government customers. We have been Emergency and Security Management Studies MobileLBS provides self-contained GPS in business since 1986, manufacturing the Integral (with a Diploma exit option) – available in full- trackers for law enforcement “bait” and “covert” Designs brand of sleep and shelter products for the time on-site or part-time online options. Public applications utilizing GSM and Inmarsat based mountaineering and backpacking market. safety professionals will also benefit from our autonomous, assisted, hybrid-assisted GPS tracking The products which we design and manufac- flagship Emergency Management Certificate and equipment. Our equipment technology along with ture in our own factory in Calgary include: sleep- Emergency Management Exercise Design Cer- our advanced mapping software allows vehicles ing bags (down and Primaloft), custom outerwear tificate, while organizations can take advantage and assets to be tracked in any environment for and personal shelter systems. of our customized training options in Incident extended periods of time. Devices can be tracked Integral Tactical specializes in small produc- Command System, Emergency Operations Centre via any internet accessible computer or smartphone. tion runs and “just in time” manufacturing and and Exercise Design – available at your location has a loyal following of customers who have anywhere across Canada or internationally. Visit Morse Canada Systems Inc to do the tough jobs regardless of the weather. www.jibc.ca/emergency. 305 Morse Canada Systems Inc. is an established Kerr Industries Canadian company serving Canadian businesses in E1 government and private sectors since 1994. Morse Kerr Industries specializes in the installation Canada Inc., based in Brampton, Ontario, has dealers/ and integration of emergency and warning equip- resellers across Canada. Our experience and expertise ment such as sirens and light bars into cars and focuses towards the security industry, specializing in trucks. Since 1952 we have used sound automotive Electronic Guard Patrol Systems and Computerized engineering principals and strict quality control to Key Management Systems developed and manufac- Lobby ensure your equipment works properly with the tured by Morse Watchman Inc. We have implemented The International Police Association (IPA) vehicle so it is safe, reliable and will not void any the KeyWatcher in several different organizations and is one of the most unique and interesting social factory warranties. applications such as major hotels, government institu- organizations in the world. This fraternal or- Kerr is a tier one supplier to General Motors, tions, hospitals, property management, universities, ganization is dedicated “to unite in service and is MOHLTC approved and certified and follows car dealerships, casinos and other industries across friendship all active and retired members of the TS169494 guidelines. We apply the same methodol- Canada. All of our clients have consistently provided law enforcement service throughout the world.” ogy and high level of service to all customers whether positive feedback regarding our system, our service The IPA strives to enhance the image of the their fleet consists of one vehicle or hundreds. and the positive impact in their unique environments.

APRIL 2011 34 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE GUIDE Exhibitors

and accessories are used by forensic identification subject matter as well as officer safety issues. We specialists, scene of crime officers, surveillance provide a level of training which is extremely accu- personnel, as well as traffic services across the rate, based on experience, established results, wide country. Nikon cameras are also the brand of choice spread knowledge and dedication that far exceeds at the Ontario and Canadian Police Colleges. We are industry standards. dedicated to providing our law enforcement agencies with the best products as well as best service, with 503 three service depots in Vancouver, Toronto, and Motus Engineering is here to provide a solution Montreal. Come see us at booth 105 for a look at that greatly reduces injuries and even fatalities to the the latest products. www.nikon.ca people in your workforce. The Roll Over Protection Structure for pick-up trucks is a heavily engineered, Ontario Women in Law tested and certified safety product that installs on any Enforcement pick-up truck. Even with today’s current designs, the 605 safety of a pick-up truck during a roll over is not at The Ontario Women in Law Enforcement 401 the level it should be. With our product installed, it (OWLE) recognizes that many police services Panasonic Canada Inc. manufacturers a full line will dissipate the force of the impact away from the within Ontario are either too small or simply do of rugged and semi-rugged notebook computers. The cabin and protect the occupants during a roll over. To not employ significant numbers of females to TOUGHBOOKTM series is designed to withstand the find out more information, please visit our website form individual organizations. OWLE provides an demanding conditions of mobile professionals in fields at www.motusengineering.com opportunity for members to network and access that include law enforcement, military, utility, oil and professional development opportunities. Recogniz- gas, healthcare and first response markets. Ruggedized Music Pro ing that there exists strength in unity and numbers, features include a full or partial magnesium case, a W4, W5 Ontario Women in Law Enforcement encourages shock-absorbing polymer gel mounted hard drive, What’s a guitar store doing at the Blue Line women from each and every police service, and and a sealed and spill resistant keyboard and LCD that Show? other affiliated law enforcement agencies within resist the hazards of dirt, dust and spills. Toughbook Yes, Music Pro is a full line Music Store, but the province of Ontario, to collectively address their notebooks undergo rigorous testing and come with also a vast supplier of audio and video products. common interests and concerns. Organizations such a three-year limited international warranty. To learn Third generation owned, the Johnstone brothers, as Corrections, Boarder, University Security, have more, visit our web site at www.panasonic.ca. Ted and Bryan, build and supply audio and video recognized the benefits of belonging to OWLE. products for military and law enforcement applica- OWLE’s mandate is to encourage, promote, and Pathocept tions. Interview audio/video recording kits with advance women in law enforcement. Additional W3 wireless monitoring, date time stampers, recording information can be obtained at www.owle.org . Pathocept TM is the latest advancement in the fight and viewing direct to DVD and SD are one of the against infectious outbreaks. solutions they have successfully addressed. Palestra Group International Based on the science behind IIypochlorous Acid, Need a connector or a cable, off the shelf or E6 Pathocept is an aerolized, non-toxic, broad spectrum custom made, we speak the language. Hundreds of Palestra Group International is a New York disinfectant against simple and complex bacteria, vi- brands including Roland, Marantz, Audio Technica, based law enforcement training group addressing the rus, fungus, and spores. In as little as 30 seconds you Alesis, Shure, Sanyo projectors, Qomo Interactive current trends in criminality. We provide advanced can Point. Press. Protect. With confidence. Pathocept White Boards. training in the field of Organized Street Gangs and the new circle of protection. Narcotics Trafficking Organizations investigations. Nikon Canada Our training focuses on the current methodology Pinpoint Security Group 105 used by these criminal organizations specific to the E4 Nikon imaging products have been the choice of transportation and concealment of narcotics, fire- Pinpoint Security is a world leader in telemat- law enforcement professionals, not only in Canada, arms and bulk currency. Each team member provides ics information gathering, including GPS track- but across the world. Nikon cameras, lenses, flashes their own experience and knowledge specific to the ing and other covert investigation solutions.Our

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 35 APRIL 2011 GUIDE Exhibitors

solutions are deployed across the world by leading scores for academic and faculty quality, program- sintegration, CCTV, access control, IP-enabled law enforcement and other government agencies. marketplace relevance, staff support, and more. systems, mobile surveillance and more. Our telematics offerings include: hard wired and These results underscore Royal Roads strategic di- Veridin now offers its state-of-the-art Mobile battery operated covert tracking solutions (vehicles, rection: high-quality teaching, applied research, and Surveillance Unit or MSU for clients looking to add trailers, high value cargo as well as personnel and pa- meeting both professionals’ and employers needs in leverage to their surveillance resources. The MSU, trol (CAD integration) and wireless CCTV using the an ever-evolving global marketplace. available exclusively from Veridin, is a command cen- GSM/GPRS network. Contact us for when you need tre with full video surveillance capabilities.The MSU critical location and status information, done right. Savage Range Systems provides operational and tactical support for a variety 102 of fast- response circumstances, including emergency Police Ordnance Co Ltd. Savage Range Systems offers total range solutions situations, crime scenes and corporate security. 609 for the finest, safest, and cleanest, lowest-maintenance Police Ordnance Company Inc., headquartered shooting ranges, bullet traps, and 360-degree shoot- Vortex Connect in Markham, Ontario is a premier Law Enforcement houses. Bullet traps utilizing Wet Snail technology 206 distributor and manufacturer serving Law Enforce- combined with low angle ramps and 360-degree Vortex Connect provides real-time mobile ment throughout Canada. We maintain our position deceleration chambers safely capture bullets while solutions enhancing operational, emergency, case as the primary dealer of GLOCK® with an extensive virtually eliminating splatter, ricochet and airborne management and workforce needs across the or- inventory of pistols and parts available for immediate lead. Specialize in custom systems including fully- ganization. Leveraging two-way messaging such as shipping, with full service and support within Canada. automatic 50cal BMG, design and construction SMS, email and IVR, smartphone technology such We also provide numerous other products of live-fire shoothouses for realistic training, and as iPhone, BlackBerry and Droid and a robust and including Trijicon, DOCTER® and EOTech® as well reactive and non-reactive steel targetry and turning secure infrastructure, organizations are ensured a as being the sole owner and manufacturer of the target systems. Savage is the choice for military and successful mobile experience. ARWEN® Less Lethal System. ARWEN® offers a law enforcement agencies nationwide, commercial wide variety of less lethal tactical and crowd control and private shooting ranges, and for virtually every WCI Whyte Communications & solutions and is used world-wide by Law Enforce- firearms and ammunition manufacturer. Fleet Services ment professionals. Please consult our web site for Visit www.SavageRangeSystems.com. 304 further details. WCI Whyte Communications & Fleet Services St John Ambulance Inc has been serving the public safety industry for Real Clean Gear 202 over 17 years. Our product line has grown with our W3 For over 125 years, St. John Ambulance has been customers and is directly related to the technologi- Real Clean Gear specializes in the care and training over 140,000 Ontarians annually in first aid cal requirements of our ever changing public safety maintenance of PPF, including shared equipment and other health care related courses, and remains market. From radios to radars, lasers to fleet GPS worn by law enforcement agencies. With increased dedicated to saving lives at work, home and play. solutions, light bars to prisoner transport solutions, recruiting, budget constraints and anti-biotic re- As a charitable, humanitarian organization, tough books, docking stations as well as a fully sistant bacteria, the risk involved with the improper proceeds from St. John Ambulance’s first aid train- leased enforcement vehicles which are ready to maintenance of shared equipment is on the rise. With ing and first aid product sales directly support vital report from the minute it leaves our shop! WCI unrivaled procedures, ecological measures, and community service programs such as; medical first Whyte Communications & Fleet Services Inc is superior customer service, your shared equipment response, disaster response, car seat clinics, health ready to serve YOU! isn’t clean unless it’s Real Clean. and safety related youth programs and therapy dog services. For more information on St. John Ambu- Whelen Canada Remington Law lance training courses and volunteer opportunities, 109 Enforcement Canada or to contact your local branch, visit www.sja.ca/on. Whelen Engineering is proud to design, manu- 308 facture and assemble all of our products in North Remington Arms Company, Inc., headquartered Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd America. in Madison, NC, designs, produces and sells sporting 508 We produce a wide range of emergency warning goods products for the hunting and shooting sports Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd is Canada’s lights, sirens and controllers to satisfy the needs of markets under a family of famous brands includ- premier distributor of mobile productivity devices, all our customers in the fire, EMS, police and public ing Remington, Marlin, Harrington & Richardson and related software products, featuring BlackBerry works community. (H&R), New England Firearms, L.C. Smith and operating systems. We service all of the Americas, Parker as well as solutions to the military, govern- and provide a wide range of data collection and Wicklander-Zulawski & ment and law enforcement markets. communication devices and software: bar-code Associates, Inc. Founded in 1816 in upstate New York, the scanning, RFID, signature capture, passport read- 501 Company is one of the nation’s oldest continuously ers, mobile fingerprint readers, mobile payment Wicklander-Zulawski & Associates, Inc. operating manufacturers. Remington is the only U.S. processing, GPS tracking, 100% secure mobile (WZ) provides standard and customized training in manufacturer of both firearms and ammunition prod- data terminals, printers, vehicle mounting systems, multiple techniques of interview and interrogation ucts and is the largest domestic producer of shotguns rugged devices, and more. including the WZ Non-Confrontational Method, and rifles. The Company distributes its products Tec-Garde markets mobile “time and attend- the Behavioral Analysis Interview and the Accusa- throughout the U.S. and in over 55 foreign countries. ance” and “mass-notification” software, used when tory Method. the ability to communicate with large numbers of WZ’s method is proven to reduce objections Royal Roads University staff or others in a short time-frame is imperative, and denials, and provides more reliable informa- 407 such as crisis situations, disaster management, tion compared to the direct positive interrogation Royal Roads University is like no other in workforce mobilization. methods. Canada: 227 hectares of ocean-side parkland, with Investigators are taught how to elicit relevant a hundred year-old castle as its centerpiece, offering Veridin Systems information and actionable intelligence, obtain 21st century graduate and undergraduate degrees, 108 cleaner admissions, use the most appropriate certificates, diplomas, and executive education. In Veridin Systems Canada, a leader in enter- method for each case and subject, and ensure the a blended offline and online model, students from prise-level security technology, services a range defendant’s statements will be admissible at trial. around the world can continue working, while of clients throughout North America. Since 1991, WZ conducts over 350 onsite seminars each year furthering their education. In a recent Canada-wide Veridin has gained a reputation for technologically and has trained over 100,000 law enforcement survey, Royal Roads graduates received very high advanced security solutions including systems professionals.

APRIL 2011 36 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Drug Hummer “rapped” with new message

by Mike Novakowski new look will help us to reinforce messages about everything you risk when you choose Abbotsford police transformed a drug to be gang-involved,” said Abbotsford Police dealer’s forfeited Hummer into a rolling Department (APD) Chief Bob Rich. “We want billboard to discourage youth from gang and youth to know that you can lose your fancy criminal activity. ride, your cash, even your house – and more “Crime prevention is a key goal of B.C.’s importantly, you can put your friends, family civil forfeiture program and the Abbotsford Po- members and your own life at great risk.” lice have a record of innovation in giving youth Coleman noted this is the first time the powerful anti-crime, anti-gang and anti-drug province is using forfeited property – which education,” said Solicitor General Rich Coleman. is usually sold – to support crime prevention “Through a unique agreement, we are providing directly. By agreement, APD can use the vehi- this SUV to help the department illustrate the high cle for two years before returning it to B.C.’s costs of choosing a criminal lifestyle.” civil forfeiture office, which will then sell it. In its previous life, the sand-coloured Recent gang-related homicides in Abbots- 2004 H2 was used to traffic heroin and evade ford include the murders of two high-school arrest in Victoria. Its forfeiture coincided students in 2009. APD crime strategies in lo- with a request from Abbotsford Police for a cal schools over the past year have included a vehicle it could display at local schools and series of vivid anti-gang posters and videos, community events. plus presentations to more than 12,000 middle “We believe this vehicle’s history and and secondary school students.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 37 APRIL 2011 Drug search warrants by Steve Walton • Relevant surveillance notes; the named place based on reasonable grounds. • Undercover drug purchases. • A peace officer may seize the things men- Search warrant acquisi- This permanent record of tioned in the warrant, and: tion is an important skill set the progress of the investiga- Any controlled substance or precursor in for police officers to develop. tion will transition seamlessly respect of which the peace officer believes, This ability provides a greater into the actual data on the in- on reasonable grounds, that this Act has been service to the public and also formation to obtain the search contravened; enhances the officer’s diversity. warrant. Once the investigation Any thing that the peace officer believes Section 11 of the Con- has progressed to the point on reasonable grounds to contain or conceal trolled Drugs and Substances where the reasonable grounds a controlled substance or precursor... Act (CDSA) authorizes search criterion has been met, you can Any thing that the peace officer believes warrants for drugs and other then apply for the warrant. on reasonable grounds is offence-related controlled substances based In conjunction with au- property; or essentially on three criteria: thorizing a search warrant, Any thing that the peace officer believes • Reasonable grounds; section 11 also allows for the on reasonable grounds will afford evidence in • Approved signing authority; following: respect of an offence under this Act. • Information provided on oath • In accordance with section 487 • In exigent circumstances enter and exercise or affirmation by affiant. of the Criminal Code infor- all powers identified herein without a warrant. The warrant is basically divided into two mation to obtain can be communicated by tel- Drug crime and drug criminals continue to separate components; the actual warrant and ephone or other telecommunication device. pose a significant threat to all Canadians. The the information to obtain it – the practical, • The signing authority can authorize the actual ability of individual officers to understand and working component and contents contained search to take place outside of the province practically apply section 11 of the CDSA goes therein are what the signing authority will of jurisdiction, providing a signing authority a long way to assist in mitigating the inherent base their decision on whether to authorize with provincial jurisdiction has reviewed the harm of drug crime in our society. the search. search warrant. To increase the chances that a warrant is • All peace officers with provincial jurisdic- Steve Walton is the author of the First Response signed, I recommend that officers maintain tion can assist in executing the warrant and Guide To Street Drugs series, and is the instructor for the a real time chronology of the investigation, subsequent seizure of items named. Drug Investigation Techniques course at the Blue Line Trade Show & Training, in April. Visit www.blueline.ca for which should include: • A peace officer may, under the authority of a registration and info. • Informant debriefings; section 11 warrant, search persons found in

APRIL 2011 38 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 39 APRIL 2011 DEEP BLUE by Dorothy Cotton Musical detectives I recently attended a conference devoted to Divergent thinking refers essentially to the ability risks, are curious and persistent (they probably the psychological assessment of police candidates to go off in a variety of directions at once. It is an HAVE to be persistent because co-workers roll and officers. They mostly talked about what to approach to a situation or concept which focuses their eyes when they appear to be going off in look for – and avoid – in new candidates. There is on exploring as many aspects of it as possible. odd directions) are typically divergent thinkers. a lot of research in this area so we have a reason- Divergent thinking involves things like creativ- They tend to use both sides of their brain to solve able idea about what is adaptive and what is not. ity and “out of the box” thinking and contrasts a problem – musicians have to do this, which is They also talked a fair bit about psychological with convergent thinking, in which many ideas perhaps why they are good divergent thinkers. fitness for duty assessments. This is pretty main- are brought together to a single focus, often by Even if you are not inherently a divergent stream clinical work, so again we know a fair bit following a series of logical steps. thinker, there are ways to develop and utilize di- about what is a problem and what is not. On the surface, it seems like a convergent vergent thinking strategies. Activities like creating Finally, they said about 10 words about psy- thinker would make a good detective – you take lists of ideas or questions, setting aside time for chological assessments for experienced police all the little bits of information, organize and pull thinking and meditation, brainstorming, keeping officers applying for specialized assignments – them together and reach a single logical conclu- a journal, creating artwork and free writing, where tactical teams, undercover, canine and jobs that sion. I suspect convergent thinking works well a person writes about one particular topic or idea involve looking at a whole ton of really unpleasant when the answer – or culprit – is fairly obvious non-stop for a short period of time in a stream of stuff on computers. The gist of this part of the and you are simply trying to make a case, but I consciousness fashion. In essence, these all in- presentation was basically, “Good luck.” wonder if convergent thinking might also lead to volve focusing on and exploring as many aspects Other than making sure someone was psy- wrongful convictions. of an idea as possible. Starting with a single idea, chologically healthy, there were not many clear You often hear that one of the reasons people the divergent thinker allows their mind to wander indicators of attributes which clearly predict are erroneously convicted is because police some- off in many different directions, gathering numer- performance in these specialized assignments. I what blindly followed a single lead or had a single ous thoughts and ideas relating to the concept. have been giving this matter a lot of thought and suspect in mind. While thoroughly investigating To some, the divergent thinker may seem decided to propose a way to determine who would everything related to that particular suspect they like a bit of space cadet. I suppose that could be be a good detective. I think you should only hire may have missed cues or hints that would have a problem. Much as the divergent thinker might musicians. taken them off in a completely different direction. come up with all kinds of ideas and directions that Why musicians? As it turns out, they are Perhaps officers involved in false convictions others would miss, they might also have a hard particularly good at divergent thinking and I sus- were convergent rather than divergent thinkers. time pulling information together to form a logical pect that is a good characteristic for a detective. People who are nonconformist, like to take decision. Hmmmm – maybe you also need some convergent thinkers in detective work. In contrast to their divergent peers, the convergent thinker is likely conformist, logical and systematic. Whereas divergent thinkers start out thinking about a single concept and develop many solutions and approaches, the convergent thinker brings many ideas together to a single conclusion, often by following a series of logical steps to arrive at this point. Convergent thinkers tend not to be particularly creative – but they do better in school and on tests where there is a single “right” answer. One definition of convergent thinking is that it is “the ability to narrow the number of possible solutions to a problem by applying logic and knowledge.” I might have to reconsider. Maybe convergent thinkers would make better detectives. Or maybe you need a few divergent thinkers to get an investigation started and make sure you have covered all the options. Then you need convergent thinking to pull together all the bits and draw a conclusion. Perhaps this is why we invented teamwork – and is also the reason there are no clear psychological patterns or indicators to tell us who would be the best person to do a specific type of police work. Maybe there are several ways to skin the cat. I suspect we can guess that very sloppy and inattentive people might not make good detectives (Columbo notwithstanding) – and that overly emotional and sensitive people might not be great at spending days on end viewing images of child porn – but otherwise? Variety is the spice of life – and probably of police work too.

Dr. Dorothy Cotton is Blue Line’s psychology columnist, she can be reached at [email protected].

APRIL 2011 40 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE This CSI works to prevent crime by Danette Dooley

The acronym is CSI but police in junior high schools in St. John’s, Newfoundland are aiming to help students stay safe rather than investigating a scene after a crime has been committed. The Royal Newfoundland Constabu- lary (RNC) launched its latest initiative in February to help keep children safe on the Internet when using mobile phones and other technology. Cst. Tanya Campbell recently presented the Computer Safety Information (CSI) program to Grade 7 students at St. Paul’s junior high in St. John’s. Ten of the students took part in the launch at their school and had no trouble answering a question Campbell put to them. “Be safe, smart and secure,” they shouted when the officer asked them to name the three things they need to remember when online. CSI covers both the positives and nega- Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Cst. Lisa Harris chats with Grade 7 students, Erin tives of using the Internet, looking at a wide McGrath and Brandon Dodd, about Internet safety. range of topics, including luring, online chatting, cyber bullying and photo sharing. Campbell said it’s important for students Dale Lambe, but they are not permitted to when it comes to electronics. So this gives to know who they are chatting with. “We’re use them during class time. our students a great educational opportunity teaching young people to be smart about us- “We encourage our students to leave to learn the potential hazards that are out ing the Internet and to recognize the threats their cell phones at home or in their locker there as well as how to use the Internet more and the risks.” and we remind them every morning to make effectively and with discretion.” Campbell will present the one-hour pro- sure, if they have them with them, that they The program also includes a session gram to all Grade 7 students on the province’s are turned off.” for parents. Any parent, no matter the age Avalon Peninsula and in Corner Brook and Lambe said the RNC’s presence in the of their children, is invited to sit in on a Labrador West. These are the three main areas school is positive on many fronts. It’s an presentation, Harris said. the RNC polices. opportune way for students to get to know Twelve-year-old Erin McGrath has a cell the officers and to learn more about the Danette Dooley is Blue Line’s East Coast correspondent. phone and uses the Internet regularly. RNC’s role in the community, he noted. She can be reached at [email protected] “I learned that you shouldn’t chat with “There are just so many issues that arise people that you don’t know... and I never exchange pictures on my cell phone,” she said. Erin said the program has also taught her to be careful about which photos she shares online. Brandon Dodd also has a cell phone. The 12-year-old said he’s learned that the Internet can be “a little bit dangerous.” Thanks to CSI Brandon knows just what to do if he ever feels uneasy while online. “When you’re on Facebook and you’re talking to people you don’t know, they could ask you where you live, what’s your age, how old you are. They could try and find your information. If that happened to me it would make me feel a little bit uncomfortable and I’d tell my parents.” Cst. Lisa Harris designed the program. She said one of the main points the students need to learn is what can happen to photos once they are uploaded onto a computer. “They have no control over how it’s used in the future... once it’s sent online they lose total access to it,” she said. It’s not unusual for junior high students to have cell phones, said vice-principal

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 41 APRIL 2011 Lasers: The latest threat

protecting the retina. However, lasers at or distances. The effects and associated hazards The rapid evolution above IIIb can cause permanent and irrevers- increase as the distance between the device ible eye damage quicker than the blink reflex and the target decreases. Further, there of laser technology, can react. Currently, green laser pointers is little doubt, looking ahead, that power (GLPs), specifically class IIIb, are most levels offered to consumers will continue specifically high prevalent primarily due to their impressive to increase. , performance and low cost. Class IV lasers Across Canada, GLPs have been used power pointers has present an increased eye hazard and are also to intentionally target civil and military created new concerns capable of igniting combustible material at aircraft, police helicopters, air ambulances, close distances. other motor vehicles and even players dur- for policing, health ing professional sporting events. More than Laser pointers just an instrument of annoyance, they can and safety The laser “pointers” most people are be used as a weapon capable of causing a familiar with are used indoors as a lecture temporary effect or permanent injury. They by Jeff Sharp aid. Early models appeared in the 1980s, can also be used to block the “view” or cost hundreds of dollars and projecting a permanently render CCTV cameras inoper- The rapid evolution of laser technology, relatively dim red dot with a power up to able. They present a threat to pilots, drivers, specifically high power laser pointers, has about 1 milliwatt (mW). Modern high pow- operators of any vehicle or machine or to created new concerns for policing, health ered pointers, with an output of 5mW or anyone engaged in a task that requires at- and safety. above, are class IIIb or IV, depending upon tention, focus or visual acuity. Lasers, the brightest source of artificial their power, which can currently be as much Green is the colour of choice for the light ever created, were first developed in as 1000 mW. These pack as much or more majority of lasers users because the human the late 50s. The initial invention has been power than some laboratory lasers did a eye is most sensitive to green light. This described as “a solution looking for a prob- number of years ago, at a fraction of the cost. sensitivity peaks at wavelength of approxi- lem.” Currently however, numerous types The main reason for the dramatic drop in mately 555 nanometers (nm). GLPs typically of lasers are used in manufacture of a wide price is that pointers share a component that emit visible light at 532 nm. As this is very variety of products ranging from ubiquitous is also used in the manufacture of CD/DVD close to the eye’s peak sensitivity, green consumer electronics to specialized medical devices, the demand for which has grown will appear significantly brighter than other or military devices. exponentially since their introduction. colours from a laser of equal power. Aside All lasers are generally categorized Modern “pointers” or “handhelds,” some from their low cost, their effectiveness is a within classes I through IV, with class III no larger than an oversized pen, project light major factor in their proliferation. further divided as “a” or “b.” Class I and II through semiconductor diode technology. Astronomy enthusiasts frequently use are low power and present no real concern. They are battery powered, easy to carry GLPs. Their highly visible beam allows for Class IIIa lasers are considered to be “eye or conceal, openly available to consumers effective outdoor “observing sessions” or safe,” as the eye’s blink reflex will react to at an increasing array of retailers and can “sky tour” events, which are frequently held their light within about a quarter of a second, cause blinding visual effects over significant by clubs across the country. Some people

APRIL 2011 42 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE have therefore attributed aircraft strikes to isn’t possible with commercial aircraft, as time to re-acquire. Spatial orientation can this activity, but it is doubtful that bona fide it flows indirectly via “air traffic control,” be disrupted and the light can also create a astronomers would partake in this stupidity. creating a barrier to expedient communica- range, or combination, of temporary visual While possible that a small percentage of tion. The duration of the actual offence may impairments, from a minor distraction up to aircraft strikes occur through accident or only be seconds, minimizing an opportunity flash blindness. ignorance, it appears the vast majority are for witnesses. The public may not recognize The light’s impact depends on the dis- intentional. this activity as being dangerous or criminal tance between the laser and target, duration A Swiss teenager recently suffered per- and therefore may not contact police. of time on the target, colour of the laser, manent, irreversible retinal damage when It is also challenging to determine an its power and beam divergence and other the beam of a 150 mW, class IIIb, GLP offender’s location, which isn’t necessarily factors, including battery performance and (ordered online) accidentally reflected off static. Once pilots have identified that they environmental conditions. a mirror and shone into his eyes. The case are being targeted, they are trained to look To date no accidents have been reported was documented in various medical journals away from the light or shield their eyes from laser strikes anywhere in the world, around the globe. to minimize further exposure. However, but the potential for a catastrophe cannot be In June 2010, a powerful and danger- without visually acquiring a ground refer- overstated. Aviation accidents have occurred ous, 1000 mW, class IV, blue laser became ence point or reasonably definable area to where a natural or other artificial source of available through an online retailer for $199. investigate, a police response for the culprit light was found to be a contributing factor. Previously, lasers of this power, class and isn’t possible. Some aviators warn that it’s just a matter of colour would have only been available in a If an arrest is made under authority of the time before an accident occurs as a result laboratory format and cost thousands of dol- Criminal Code, additional charges pertain- of this behaviour and government inaction. lars. Reportedly, the manufacturer struggled ing to projecting a bright light into navigable Most aircraft approaching or departing to meet demand and is currently offering airspace and engaging in a behaviour that from international airports are large, carry a third generation, now equipped with an endangers an aircraft in flight should be multiple passengers and, in some cases, fly interlock switch, for $299. considered under the Canadian Aviation over densely populated areas. Pilots are under Regulations and the Aeronautics Act. their highest workload during these phases The Laser Strike Project of flight and, contrary to popular belief, are The Peel Regional Police Service Air- Effects on air crews actually “flying” the aircraft, not just manag- port Division recently began a project to When a laser’s beam is directed into the ing automated systems. Vision is intimately engage aviation, policing and regulatory darkened cockpit of an aircraft at night, it connected to their ability to do their job. stakeholders in examining aircraft laser can impact the crew in a number of ways. The reasons for this dangerous activ- strikes with the intent to improve our re- It can cause a “startling” effect, as the la- ity, which has been steadily increasing, are sponse and to raise awareness of the issue. ser’s light is generally unforeseen prior to unclear but advancing technology and avail- Occurrences are fundamentally challeng- the illumination. The intense light can end ability, coupled with decreasing prices and ing to investigate. Direct communication the crew’s “dark adaptation,” which takes lack of government control, are playing a

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 43 APRIL 2011 role. These devices may also present a tech- order units targeted with GLPs in 2008 at proactively. However, as GLPs are most nological allure that some find too strong riots and demonstrations in Greece, Northern prevalent it would be logical to consider to resist, possibly bolstered with a belief of Ireland, the UK and Sweden. Although it ap- protection in this wavelength. anonymity in committing an offence. pears no permanent eye injuries resulted, the temporary visual effects would have impacted Little regulation Increasing incidents the officers’ ability to do their job safely. Currently lasers are only marginally Currently air crews approaching or de- regulated in Canada. Anyone can buy any parting Pearson International Airport report Police officer injured class. Lasers are required to comply with about 40 incidents annually, with elevations An Oregon deputy sheriff was com- “The Radiation Emitting Devices Act” and ranging from as little as 200’ up to 15,000’. pleting some paperwork in his cruiser in the International Electrotechnical Commis- There were 209 incidents reported in 2010 July 2010 when he was targeted by a class sion’s document, “IEC 60825-1,” but neither across Canada, with civil aircraft alone up IIIb, green laser from a distance of 423 contains a mechanism to control sales. from 108 the previous year. This issue has feet. He immediately and understandably become a global problem in a relatively short perceived the threat to be a laser sighted Prohibited weapon? period of time. The US logged more than firearm, exited his cruiser and sought cover. The potential danger that these devices 2,800 reports in 2010 and approximately He didn’t realize until later that the threat present to aviation, policing and the pub- 1,500 in 2009. was actually the laser itself. The retina of lic in general is significant. Legislative his left eye was burned, leaving him with changes are required now, in an effort to Concerns beyond aviation a permanent injury. protect society. Class IIIb and IV lasers Effects are usually temporary and do should be included in the Prohibited not cause an “injury” to pilots because of Eye protection Weapon/Device definitions of the Criminal the typical distance between the offender It’s counter-intuitive but sunglasses Code, with a provision to permit only those and aircraft. That being said, some pilots don’t offer protection from lasers. They who can demonstrate a legitimate need to have suffered eye injuries. Helicopter pilots reduce ambient light, causing the pupils possess them. are at a greater risk than commercial fixed to dilate. This allows more laser energy to Consideration could also given to fol- wing crews, as most fly visually (VFR) and enter the eye and increases the likelihood lowing the lead of the United States, which is typically operate lower, slower and are sur- of retinal injury. Laser safety goggles and currently in the process of creating a federal rounded by a windscreen. GLPs not only glasses are widely available, however they offence for the act of pointing a laser at an present a legitimate threat to aviation safety need to be selected based upon a number aircraft in flight. but also officer safety and the general public. of factors, one of which is the colour or wavelength of the laser involved. As Cst. Jeffrey Sharp is a community liaison officer with Lasers at riots and these factors would likely be unknown in the Peel Regional Police Airport Division. Contact him demonstrations a public order or assault scenario, protec- at [email protected] for more information. Media reports began documenting public tive eyewear would be difficult to select

APRIL 2011 44 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Doing more for less with applied analytics by Carla Garrett performance measures – but the power of data support services division. “We can now sort, drill doesn’t stop there. While they may extrapolate down, drill up and sideways into the details and The old proverb ‘there’s power in numbers’ the data in their own unique way, the end result push it out to members daily.” has taken on a new meaning in law enforcement is the same – “better policing.” Crime analysis has been widely used by US information technology. By breaking down the From a tactical point of view, this often- police departments, most notably LAPD and numbers and asking more questions, police mundane data has unlocked intelligence to help NYPD, but “Canada is catching up very quickly,” agencies across North America are locking up agencies proactively fight crime in their commu- says Demers.” We have been ahead of the curve more criminals, boosting crime prevention and nities. “The goal or role of applied analytics is to in business analytics, which drives policies and cutting costs. tell you who and where you should target. That’s standardized information systems such as CPIC Data mining helps police find ways of doing how you prevent a crime before it’s committed,” and VICLAS, he says. more with less – a growing trend in this weakened says Simon Demers, audit manager of Vancouver “At the end of the day, it’s about making economic climate. Police agencies are using Police Department. sense of, or explaining the data operationally,” applied analytics on a day-to-day basis to make By strategically deploying patrols and re- says Demers. data-driven decisions. sources, Vancouver police put a dent in property Robert McNamara, US Secretary of Defence “Business analytics provide a revolutionary crimes after identifying a list of more than 400 during the Vietnam War, invented systems analy- functionality; this is a game changer,” says John chronic offenders; Edmonton police busted a ring sis in a tactical approach. In his book Tragedy and Warden of Edmonton Police Service (EPS). of vehicle break and enters and London police Lessons of Vietnam (1995), McNamara stated he “We are policing now better than we have tracked down serial car thieves. That’s just a few believed the success of the war could be measured ever done before. We are looking at the numbers examples of how these forces are embracing this by statistical data, such as body count and number everyday and when we see even a small increase, new culture. of seized weapons. This theory was never proven. we’re all over it, right away,” says a 30-year EPS The availability of data mining software is plain-clothes detective working in patrol. “This is driving the trend towards analytics. What was Vancouver Police Dept (VPD) the best stuff to happen in policing in 30 years.” once a time-consuming, labour intensive process The VPD added 25 names to its most-wanted Inspired by the best business practices of can now be done in seconds with the click of a list after analyzing data in its computer system. It big-box stores like Wal-Mart, Vancouver, Lon- mouse. began using data in the PRIME system – a sophis- don and Edmonton police have each developed “The tools now are so powerful,” says El- ticated database exceeding CPIC capabilities – in new deployment strategies, staffing levels and don Amoroso, senior director of London Police 2008 to identify chronic violent offenders in the

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 45 APRIL 2011 city’s Downtown Eastside. Many policies, including VICLAS, are “We identified individuals who were charged founded on data analysis. “They are driven by or suspected of committing four or more violent data, information and evidence,” says Demers. offences with the previous year,” says D/Chief “Gut feeling and intuition is still welcome as part Cst. Adam Palmer of the VPD support services of the analysis process but it becomes the starting division. point of the analysis instead of the conclusion.” “Using this threshold we currently have 25 By extrapolating existing data, Demers says, subjects who are regularly monitored by our it is possible to predict what could happen in the district two patrol officers.” future. “Applied analytics has played an impor- The program has also been expanded to in- tant role at VPD and has allowed us to take the clude 15 sexual offenders identified by the high pulse of crime,” says Demers. “It has been very risk offenders unit. By determining the worst of successful.” the worst, officers immediately know whom they are dealing with and can more easily track an possible. Edmonton Police Service (EPS) offender’s movements and make a quick arrest Another example of applied analytics in ac- Hidden among the thousands of numbers if necessary. tion at the VPD was deciding whether to assign stored in EPS databases was the formula for “Other means such as surveillance one or two officers to cars. “We undertook an reducing crime. Using that data to its advantage are sometimes utilized to target high-risk extensive analysis of historical calls for service resulted in 500 fewer robbery and an 18 per cent subjects that pose a particular risk to public and a very complicated analysis breaking down reduction in the crime rate. Officers analyze crime safety,” says Palmer. By keeping pressure shifts hour by hour, week by week,” says Demers. data daily and make intelligence-led decisions on on these “noted” offenders and following The result; it was determined the best model what, where, when and who they should focus on. up on their conditional releases, “crime went was a hybrid of both one and two officer cars. “Analytics provides the opportunity to see way down.” “Sixty per cent are two-officer units and 40 per how we are doing and also to see what crime we This is just one of many examples of how data cent at single officers,” says Demers. need to focus on in order to do better,” says War- has become the basis for new ways of preventing Applied analytics at VPD has also been used den. “Analytical agility supports tactical agility.” and fighting crime. to design shift schedules, deployment strategies He explained how information about three “Modern applied analytics at the VPD truly and performance measures and polices. house break-ins was immediately conveyed to started with the visionary leadership of a few “People have bought into it quickly and it has the appropriate commander, who took immedi- key officers and civilians who recognized that created a mindset shift here,” says Demers. “It’s ate action by deploying officers to the “hot spot people and information were the two most vital now one of the first things people think of – and of the day.” assets of the police,” says Simon Demers, VPD almost a requirement – before implementing “A team was put together and at 11a.m. they audit manager. new strategies or making important business were out in the neighbourhood. By 1 p.m. they had These people, he says, played an important decisions.” two people in custody, not just for the break-ins role in implementing the information systems, One policy of note involved “greening” the but for 18 other break and enters across the city,” building the analytical capacity and designing force’s fleet after analysis showed how much time says Warden. the business processes that made data analysis cruisers were left idling. In the past, it took seven weeks of consistent break-ins before the bad guy was caught. “That would never happen today. Today we would be on them right away.” After identifying a spike in robberies across the city, Edmonton police made this violent crime an organizational priority. “We analyzed our robbery data and realized that we were not capturing personal robbery data, so we created new data fields to do so,” says Warden. This led to a co-ordinated effort among ranks to focus their tactics on catching the bad guys. “It’s a crime fighting masterpiece,” says Warden. Since 2007, robberies are down 30 per cent. The EPS pioneered a new “intelligence-led policing model” in 2003, with the core principle that performance would be driven by analysis. This new approach embraces a common policing principle: the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. With that in mind, EPS is striving “to do better” to achieve an absence of crime and disorder through proactive policing. “Our organizational success will be measured by a reduction in crime and disorder and increased public confidence in the Edmonton Police Ser- vice,” says former chief Mike Boyd, who led the service from 2006 to 2010. He says analysis provides “operational focus” to reduce crime and achieve desired results by putting people in the right places at the right time. The service has also set a goal to have 25 per cent – or 660 minutes – of an officer’s 11-hour shift spent on proactive policing. After building an analytical platform, the service measured every minute of what police were doing on the street and how it was spent. “Then we tore it apart to see what we can do

APRIL 2011 46 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE better and where we can tweak this to meet the call times were going up each and every year. 25 per cent goal,” says Warden. The data was Deputy Chief Ian Peer says pressures from then broken down again to reflect each patrol outside agencies and new legislation were eating and each officer. up officers’ time. For example, he said, new rules The EPS is also getting to high priority calls under the Mental Health Act require an officer to faster. Through analysis, it was able to prove that stay with a patient until a psychiatrist admits them. more criminals would be caught if police got on That could tie up an officer for 430 minutes – triple scene quicker. their average call time – said Peer. “We found by getting there quickly our ap- While the LPS cannot control the number or prehension rate improved by 30 per cent,” says nature of calls, Peer says they can control the time Warden. Boyd adds it’s also a great way to secure spent on each call and how officers respond. “We “short-lived” evidence and arrive in time to find needed to control workload on the street,” he adds. witnesses. The analysis discovered many call types were Officers now strive to respond to Priority 1 actually shorter than in previous years, but those calls within seven minutes. “We are hitting that that were longer were much longer due to the new 83 per cent of the time,” says Warden, adding adequacy standards and changes in legislation – in they have seen a 20 per cent improvement over other words, “paperwork.” three years. While it will come as no surprise to anyone in So confident in how applied analytics can law enforcement that requirements for reporting help drive down crime, Boyd publicly announced family violence have increased, London police an annual crime reduction target of minus four found their average time had jumped from 2.5 to per cent. “Without analytics it would be very dif- nine hours. This led to an extensive look at how ficult,” he says, adding EPS has become a high statements were taken and reports written. performance policing organization. “We wanted to find ways to reduce duplicate work as a result of provincial legislation,” says London Police Service (LPS) Amoroso. Working with the Crown attorney’s Shaving two minutes off the overall average office, the LPS developed 10 templates for com- call time saved LPS the equivalent time of five mon charges. officers. Drilling down into the details of the “Many (reports) were long and rambling,” data, the force was able to attack the most critical says Peer, adding the templates are much less “consumers of time.” work and better for prosecution. Investigative “Time means money and this way we can requirements were also redefined based on solv- show better control of a large part of the budget,” ability to reduce time. This means officers are says Amoroso. People make up 92 per cent of the only required to write a full report on incidents if agency’s costs – 50 per cent of that is on patrol. there is a high chance of solving the crime. If not, In anticipation of budgetary constraints, LPS a case summary is sufficient. undertook a comprehensive look at patrol time. The LPS also changed how it attacks crime “We started looking at things we really never by redirecting its focus from reactive to proactive would have looked at before,” says Amoroso. policing. Instead of waiting to catch the bad guy in “Our ability to mine through the data changed a stolen car, Peer says officers attack areas where and it was the first time we had the tool to tear there were recent reports of trespassers, thefts from everything back.” vehicles and/or damage. “By watching it day by The study, based on applied analytics, broke day, it brought the number of stolen cars down down an officer’s day minute by minute in an at- significantly,” he notes. tempt to better manage existing resources. After Future analysis will include looking at de- implementing changes from the three-year study ployment based on specific seasons and automatic of patrol time, the LPS reduced the average time vehicle location data to see if new zones need to per call down to 110 minutes from about 120 – the be established. “It’s limitless,” says Peer. equivalent of 25 officers, notes Amoroso. “To put an officer on the street may be a rough equivalent to $100,000 per year.” Eldon Amoroso may be email at [email protected] John Warden may be reached by email to john.warden@ Ten minutes may appear insignificant but edmontonpolice.ca when broken down, a reduction in one minute per Adam Palmer may be reached at [email protected] call over 120,000 calls equals 2,000 hours. While Carla Garrett is a freelance writer with Blue Line Magazine. mining through the data, the agency discovered

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 47 APRIL 2011 CASE LAW by Mike Novakowski

Phone search to identify owner allowed

Ontario’s top court has found the day after the music store robbery. The that police were entitled phone was losing power so, in order to to search a cell phone preserve the image, it was downloaded and following an arrest to copied. A warrant was subsequently obtained identify its owner. to search the phone contents. In R. v. Manley, 2011 At trial in the Ontario Superior Court of ONCA 128 officers re- Justice Manley did not challenge the lawful- ceived confidential in- ness of his arrest but argued the photo should formation identifying the be excluded as evidence. It was unlawful accused as a suspect in for police to examine the phone’s contents a music store robbery. without a warrant, he submitted, and the sub- A CPIC check revealed sequent warrant they did obtain was tainted an outstanding break by the earlier warrantless search. and enter warrant for The trial judge ruled the search reason- Manley. Police also had able, finding it and the seizure were carried information he had sto- police handcuffs, binoculars and local gar- out for three reasons: (1) police and public len cell phones and used bage bag tags. safety, since Manley was suspected of com- them with stolen access cards. He Police examined the cell phone to iden- mitting crimes with weapons; (2) to check was arrested for the robbery and warrant tify its lawful owner. There wasn’t anything who owned the items he possessed; and (3) and frisked incidental to arrest. Police found on the exterior to identify its owner so they to check for evidence and protect it from de- a concealed knife, cell phone, two GM car opened it. An officer pushed various scroll struction. The search warrant was valid and, keys (one apparently modified to break into and other buttons to observe the saved data even if there was a Charter breach, the photo cars), hypodermic needle, handcuffs and a and, in the process, found a photograph of would have been admissible under s.24(2). handcuff key capable of unlocking standard Manley holding a sawed off shotgun, taken A jury convicted Manley of several offences related to the music store and another retail robbery. He was sentenced to eight years’ imprisonment. Manley challenged the ruling to the On- tario Court of Appeal arguing, in part, that the trial judge erred in holding that police were entitled to search the saved phone data without a warrant as an incident to arrest. In his view, the only thing taken in the robbery had been cash and there was no reasonable prospect searching the cell phone would provide evidence of it. Further, he contended that even if police had grounds to believe the phone had been stolen, they had no power to search the saved data without a warrant. The Crown suggested Manley was also arrested for a break and enter and police had information he had used stolen cell phones in the past. They were therefore entitled to conduct a cursory warrantless inspection of the phone, including its stored data, to determine if it was stolen – a valid purpose connected to the arrest. If the phone wasn’t Manley’s, it could serve as evidence of a break and enter and the rightful owner could be informed it had been recovered. The Crown also submitted that police were entitled to conduct warrantless searches of cell phones seized as an incident to a lawful arrest. Justice Sharpe, authoring the court’s opinion, partially agreed with the Crown. He first summed up the power of search incident to arrest in this way: It is common ground that incident to a

APRIL 2011 48 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE lawful arrest, the police have the power to cell phones seized upon arrest,” but cautioned: warrant all the stored data in any cell phone search the person arrested without a warrant I would observe it is apparent that the found in the possession of any arrested person for the purpose of ensuring officer safety traditional rules defining the powers of the clearly raises the spectre of a serious and and, if there is “some reasonable prospect police to conduct a search incident to ar- significant invasion of the Charter-protected of securing evidence of the offence for which rest have to be interpreted and applied in a privacy interests of arrested persons. If the the accused is being arrested,” to secure and manner that takes into account the facts of police have reasonable grounds to believe preserve that evidence (para. 33). modern technology... that the search of a cell phone seized upon He then accepted the Crown’s first nar- Cell phones and other similar handheld arrest would yield evidence of the offence, row and confined submission that police were communication devices in common use have the prudent course is for them to obtain a entitled to search the phone in this case to the capacity to store vast amounts of highly warrant authorizing the search. establish ownership: sensitive personal, private and confidential Manley’s appeal was dismissed. The (accused) was arrested for break information – all manner of private voice, and enter and, when arrested, he was in text and e-mail communications, detailed Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for complete possession of a number of unusual and sus- personal contact lists, agendas, diaries and cases. You can email Mike Novakowski at caselaw@ picious items. The police had information personal photographs. blueline.ca from a confidential informant that in the An open-ended power to search without a past the (accused) had stolen cell phones. Ownership of the cell phone was relevant to the offences for which the (accused) had been arrested. In my view, this combination of circumstances provided the police with a lawful basis for conducting a cursory search of the cell phone to determine whether it had been stolen. As I can see no basis to interfere with the trial judge’s factual finding that the first officer came upon the photograph while conducting a search of the cell phone to determine its ownership, I would uphold the trial judge’s determination that the cursory search of the cell phone was lawful. I wish to emphasize, however that my decision rests on two points. First, that the police had a legitimate interest in determining whether the cell phone had been stolen and second, that the police did not search the stored data in the cell phone for any other purpose. According to the testimony on the voir dire that was accepted by the trial judge, the cell phone’s telephone number was identified after the discovery of the photograph. A telephone number is sufficient information from which the ownership of a phone may be determined. Had the examination of the phone continued after the telephone number had been found, this would be a different case. If the telephone number had been written or in- scribed on the exterior of the cell phone or visible or easily found when the phone was opened, any further search obviously could not be justified as a cursory inspection to determine ownership. Likewise, in a case where there was no reason to doubt the arrested party’s ownership of the phone and no link between ownership and the offence for which the person was arrested, a search of the stored data in the phone could not be justified on the basis that the police were simply trying to determine who owned the phone (paras. 37-38). As for the Crown’s more general and broad proposition that police could simply search a cell phone incident to arrest, Sharpe found it “neither necessary nor desirable to attempt to provide a comprehensive definition of the powers of the police to search the stored data in

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 49 APRIL 2011 CASE LAW by Mike Novakowski

Good faith belief must be reasonable

Good faith is more than just having an taking pictures of themselves while engaged evidence of wide practice that persons ac- honest belief. The belief must also be reason- in criminal activity. He had not seen Caron tually photograph their speedometer while able. holding a camera or reaching for the glove they are speeding, I think that it would be In R. v. Caron, 2011 BCCA 56 a police compartment, but felt he was so focused on dangerous to permit that type of search to officer on highway patrol clocked a vehicle his driving that he hadn’t noticed the police continue... It is close to the line of what on radar traveling at 165 km/h per hour in a car behind him. might be legitimate versus indiscriminate 100 km/h zone. He turned on his emergency After scrolling through some family fishing for evidence. lights and siren and pursued it as, at one point, photos, the officer came across several pho- Nonetheless, the judge admitted the pistol it slowed to 120 km/h, crossed over a double- tographs of Caron and others with firearms. and money as evidence under s. 24(2) of the yellow centre line and into the on-coming lane The pictures heightened the officer’s concern Charter. It was non-conscriptive and would not to pass a truck. for his safety because it appeared Caron had undermine trial fairness. As well, the judge found The officer followed for approximately access to guns. He was also concerned about the officer acted in good faith with an honest two kilometers before it pulled over. He ar- firearms being left inside the vehicle, as he was subjective belief that there may be photographs rested Caron, the driver and sole occupant, going to have it towed. He searched the vehicle of the vehicle’s speedometer, which, among for dangerous driving. He was advised of his and found a cardboard box containing $60,000 other things, mitigated the seriousness of the rights, handcuffed and placed in the rear of (30 bundles x $2,000) inside the hatch-back Charter breach. The offences were very serious, the police vehicle. and a backpack containing a loaded 9 mm the gun and cash were crucial to the Crown’s The officer went back to Caron’s vehicle semi-automatic pistol. case and excluding the evidence would bring the and looked in the glove compartment for A British Columbia Supreme Court judge administration of justice into disrepute. Caron the registration but did not find it. Finding a found that even if the officer had a subjective was convicted of unauthorized possession of a digital camera, he turned it on and scrolled belief for examining the camera’s contents to restricted weapon (the loaded pistol) and prop- through the photographs, thinking there may find evidence of speeding, his belief wasn’t erty obtained by crime (the money). be pictures of Caron’s speedometer showing subjectively reasonable. Caron appealed to the BC Court of Appeal, a high rate of speed. This belief was based on It seems to me that this comes very close arguing the trial judge erred in admitting the his previous experience encountering people to the line and I am concerned that absent evidence. The Crown disagreed.

APRIL 2011 50 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Good faith holding a camera or reaching for the glove He was using a pistol in what appeared to be an Justice Frankel, speaking for the court, compartment. It was only speculation that unlawful manner. Although the officer did not held the officer wasn’t acting in good faith, Caron photographed his speedometer and put know when or where the photos were taken, contrary to the trial judge’s finding. the camera in the glove compartment. his concern that Caron had access to firearms “’Good faith’ and its polar opposite, ‘bad The officer never turned his mind to was legitimate and would have provided a faith’ (or ‘flagrant’ disregard), are terms of art whether there was a reasonable prospect such reasonable basis for searching the vehicle. in the s. 24(2) lexicon,” he said. “The absence evidence would be found in the circumstances That (the accused) was restrained before of bad faith does not equate to good faith, nor in which the camera was discovered. He “ei- his vehicle was searched did not have the ef- does the absence of good faith equate to bad ther knew, or ought to have known, that before fect of negating the concerns that (the officer) faith. To fall at either end of this spectrum conducting a search incidental to arrest he was had for his own safety. By definition, a search requires a particular mental state.” required to consider whether, on the specific incidental to arrest takes place after someone Since good faith connotes an honest and rea- facts of his investigation, there was a reason- is taken into custody and has had his or her sonably held belief, if the belief is not reasonable able prospect that what he wished to search immediate ability to harm others substantially the officer will not be acting in good faith. The for would be found,” Justice Frankel said in diminished. However, the opportunity for harm search was warrantless, purportedly undertaken the s. 24(2) analysis. is not completely eliminated as there is always under the common-law power to search a vehi- The legal framework for searches inci- a possibility that the arrestee will break free cle incidental to arrest, and the Crown bore the dental to arrest was established ten years and seek to use a weapon in the immediate burden of proving it was reasonable. before this case arose. It is (the officer’s) vicinity. A search intended to lessen that pos- Although the officer believed the camera failure to consider whether the examination sibility falls within the valid objectives of the might contain photos of the speedometer, there of the camera fell within the parameters set criminal justice system. was no evidence he thought he was entitled by the Supreme Court of Canada that makes As well, it was legitimate for (the officer) to to examine it pursuant to the power of search the breach here more serious than one which be concerned about a vehicle that might contain incidental to arrest. Without a finding that the is the result of mere inadvertence or an error firearms being towed to a relatively insecure stor- officer believed he was engaging in a lawful in judgment. age facility. If there were firearms is the vehicle search, he cannot be said to have acted in good Thus, the trial judge erred in considering and if those firearms fell into the wrong hands, faith. Even if he had such a belief, it would not good faith as a mitigating factor in his s. 24(2) then the public would be at risk (paras. 49-50). have been objectively reasonable. analysis. Caron’s appeal was allowed and the evi- Although the reasonable grounds standard dence excluded. His convictions were set aside that evidence will be found does not apply Safety concerns and he was acquitted. to searches incident to arrest, there is still a Had the camera examination been lawful, “reasonable basis” requirement. The officer the court opined that the photographs the of- Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for complete did not elaborate on the circumstances of pre- ficer saw would have justified searching for cases. You can email Mike Novakowski at caselaw@ viously seeing photographs of speedometers firearms on the basis of safety concerns even blueline.ca at high rates of speed. He didn’t see Caron though Caron was handcuffed and in custody.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 51 APRIL 2011 MARKET PLACE

APRIL 2011 52 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE MARKET PLACE

ODDITO R IALS

PORTSMOUTH, N.H.– A New Hampshire phone. Laurel is on probation until 2013 and has Police arrested 27-year-old Albert Bailey and man has been arrested for the 153rd time, this been previously arrested on drug-related charges. an unidentified 16-year-old boy on robbery and time after he was accused of punching someone The hapless pair face multiple felony charges threatening charges at a People’s United Bank in the face. and spent the night as guests of the state. branch in Fairfield. Forty-nine-year-old Portsmouth resident Paul (citizensvoice.com) Sgt. James Perez says the two Bridgeport Baldwin planned to plead guilty to the assault, residents showed up about 10 minutes after mak- along with trespassing and alcohol charges. ••• ing the call and were met by police in the parking He says he’s had a long battle with alcohol WINNIPEG – Mounties searching a central lot. Perez told the Connecticut Post the suspects and was trying to correct the problem during his Alberta home for stolen art only had to look at were “not too bright.” most recent one-year jail term, which ended the the walls. It’s not clear if Bailey and the teen have week before he was arrested. Displayed in the home in Red Deer, Alta., was lawyers. The Foster’s Daily Democrat newspaper says a stolen limited edition print dubbed “Busted.’’ Baldwin’s record dates to 1984 and includes 152 Police also found another stolen print by the ••• other arrests, eight trespass orders, 75 citations, same artist entitled “Heist.’’ LONDON, ON.– A man perched on the roof four Social Security aliases and 17 name aliases. Red Deer City RCMP Const. Sabrina of a moving car had an interesting excuse when Prosecutor Rena DiLando says she didn’t Grunow said the “unique art depicted crime pulled over by police – he was using a designated have time to read Baldwin’s full criminal record activity.’’ driver. because it’s so long. The theft happened at The Editions Gallery Officers in London, Ont., say they spotted (The Associated Press) in Red Deer’s Bower Mall. a vehicle driving slowly with someone sitting Now both framed pieces, which retail for on the roof. ••• about $1,700 to $2,000 each, are up for grabs – to Police say the 25-year-old man jumped down WOODSTOCK, ON. – Police and firefight- paying customers. from the roof when stopped by the officers and ers were called out to a greasy, squirmy mess at (Calgary Sun) indicated that he was the owner of the vehicle, but an accident scene near Woodstock, Ont. A cube was using a designated driver. ••• truck hauling worms and a transport carrying The 24-year-old driver was arrested and SARNIA, ON. – Customs guards say a Texan fertilizer crashed. charged with impaired driving and dangerous jailed after he – accidentally – entered Canada Two people from Hamilton in the cube truck driving. with 3.3 kilograms of marijuana is not an isolated were taken to hospital for observation and the The owner of the car was given a ticket for incident. truck driver from Mount Elgin was uninjured. not occupying a seat with a seatbelt. Mike Coene, of the Customs and Immigra- (CJCS, CJDL) Firefighters from South West Oxford were tion Union in Sarnia, says hundreds of Americans tasked with cleaning up the mess. haplessly cross the border each year. ••• Police say charges are pending. LONDON, ON – A towel, or even a good (CIHR) He says the Blue Water Bridge approach in Port Huron, Michigan is confusing and lacks a hair blower might have been better options for turnaround lane. this driver in London, Ont. ••• And GPS units often direct drivers from the Police say an officer operating a radar gun KINGSTON, PA – “Well, here’s another nice US midwest to the bridge because it’s the shortest clocked a car going 107 kilometres an hour in a mess you’ve gotten me into.” route to the eastern states. 50 kilometre an hour zone. Laurel and Hardy have been jailed on drug Coene says people will approach the border Traffic Sgt. Tom O’Brien says the man told charges. and say “We didn’t want to come to Canada!’’ the officer he was going fast because he just Carlos Laurel, 31, and Andre “Sug” Hardy, (The Canadian Press, Sarnia Observer) washed the vehicle and he wanted to dry it off. 39, of Kingston, Pennsylvania face eight charges The driver was ticketed for racing in the related to cocaine trafficking. They were arrested ••• incident – a penalty that packs a $2,000 fine if after allegedly delivering 50 bags of cocaine to FAIRFIELD, Conn. (AP) – Police in Con- convicted. an apartment. necticut say they had ample warning of a bank The car was also impounded for seven days, Hardy, who is on federal parole for previous robbery because the two suspects called the bank at the owner’s expense. O’Brien jokes that the car cocaine distribution charges, also had 10 bags of ahead of time and told an employee to get a bag should be dry by then. marijuana hidden in his waistband, cash and a cell of money ready. (London Free Press)

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