80S2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- :HOU-SE May --1-4 • century by -the distinguished junior The message also announced that the Senator from the State of Massachusetts. Senator from New York. He deserves Vice President has appointed Mr. JOHN­ He was a member of the Continental the richest praise from· the people not STON of South Carolina and Mr. CARLSON Congress and was also a delegate to the only of New York but also of the Nation. members of the joint select committee State convention that adopted the Fed­ Mr. LEHMAN. I thank the s ·enator on the part of the Senate, as provided eral Constitution in 1788. Among his from Illinois very much indeed. for in the act of August 5, 1939, entitled many distinguished public services were "An act to provide for the disposition of his service as President pro tempore of certain records of the United States the United States Senate in 1798. RECESS TO 11 A. M. TOMORROW Government," for the disposition of ex­ The great-great-grandson of this The PRESIDING OFFICER.. What is ecutive papers referred to in the report eminent son of Massachusetts, Dr. Sedg­ the pleasure of the Senate? of the Archivist of the United States wick, who served as our chaplain today, Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, in ac­ numbered 56-13. is rector of St. Thomas' Church in Wash­ cordance with the previous order, I now ington, D. C. We are glad to welcome move that the Senate stand in recess him to this House, once so ably presided until 11 o'clock tomorrow morning. AMENDING THE INTERNAL REVENUE over by his fine ancestor. The motion was agreed to; and (at 7 CODE OF 1939 Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will o'clock and 1 minute p. m.) the Senate Mr. COOPER,. Mr. Speaker, I ask the gentleman yield? took a recess, the recess being, under the ·unanimous consent ·to take from · the Mr. MARTIN. . I yield. order previously entered, until ~omorrow, Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 6143) to Mr. McCORMACK. I want to asso­ Tuesday, May 15, 1956, at 11 o'clock a. m. amend the Internal Revenue Code of ciate myself as an individual Member of 1939 to provide that for taxable years the House, and speaking for the Demo­ beginning after May 31, 1950, certain cratic Members, ·with the remarks made CONFIRMATION amounts r'eceived in consideration of the by my friend, the gentleman from Mas­ Executive nomination confirmed by transfer of· patent rights shall be consid­ sachusetts [Mr. 'MARTIN], in relation to the Senate April 14 (legislative day May ered capital gain regardless of the basis Dr. Sedgwick. We are very happy to 7), 1956: upon which such amounts are paid, with have · or. Sedgwick with us to offer FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION Senate amendments thereto, disagree to· prayer o_n the occasion of t-he meeting SaM H.' Bober, of South ·Dakota: to be a. the Senate amendments, and asl{ for a of the House today. I know it must member of the Federal Farin Credit Board, conference. bring · to Dr. Sedgwicl{ a great feeling Farm Credit Administration, for the term The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of happiness to know that he offered expiring March 31, 1962. the request of the gentleman from Ten­ prayer in the very bbdy over which his nessee? [After a pause.] The Chair · great-grea·t-grandfather presided with •• .... • • hears none and appoints the following such dignity, strength, and effectiveness. conferees: Messrs. COOPER, MILLS; GREG­ For my collea_gues I join my dear · HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ORY, REED of New York, and JENKINS, . friend from Massachusetts [Mr. MAR~ TIN] in the very appropriate remarks MONDAY, MAY 14, 1956 that he made on the occ·asion of Dr. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION Sedgwick offering pr·ayer in the House The House met at 12 o'clock noon. today, The Reverend Harold B. Sedgwick, St. BILL-CONFERENCE REPORT Thomas' Church, Was;hi_ngton, .D. C., . Pur.suant to authority g:rarited on May offered the following prayer: 10, Mr. CANNON on May 11 submitted a EDWIN K. STANTON Almighty God whom to forget is to conference report and statement on the Mr. FORRESTER: Mr. Speaker, I stumble and whom to remember is to bill (H. R. 10004) making supplemental. ask unanimous consent to take from the rise again, set Thy seal, we beseech Thee, appropriations for the fl.seal year ending Speaker's table the bill H. R. 2057, ·an upon every work which ·we dd in Thy June 30, 1956! ~nd for ot1:1:er purpo~es, act for the relief of Edwin K. Stanton, . name; that we' may not' begin an action . together with a Senate ame·ndm·ent without a pure intention-we may not 'thereto, and agree to the Senate amend­ continue it without Thy blessing. REV. HAROLD BEND SEDGWICK ment. Give to each of us a passionate desire Mr. . MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask The Clerk read the title of the bill. to 13ee the truth, courage to say yes when unanimous consent to address the House The Clerk read the Senate amend­ it would be easier to say no, and no for 1 minute and to revise and extend ment, as fallows: · · when it would be easier to say yes. May my remarks. Page 2, line 3, strike· out "in excess of we never be content with anything less The SPEAKER. Is there objection to 10 percent thereof." than the best, for Thou hast entrusted the request of the gentleman from Mas­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to into our hands great responsibilities and sachusetts? . the request . of the gentleman from infinite· powers. There was no objection. Georgia? Deliver us from pettiness when human Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, the There was no objection. life is at stake. Teach us when to speak Reverend Harold Bend Sedgwick, who and when to be silent, when to rise up The Senate amendment was agreed to. has just given the opening prayer, has the A motion to reconsider was laid on and when to sit down-so by the manner distinction of being the great-great­ the table. of our life may be judged the stature of grandson of a . former Speaker of this our soul. Finally, O God, grant that we body. Dr. . Sedgwick's distinguished an­ may so quit ourselves this day that when cestor w~s . Theo.dore Sedgwic·k, a Rep­ GRAPI-IlC ARTS CORPORATION OF evening comes, we may·be deserving of · resentative from the great State of Mas­ OHIO rest and quietness that only Thou canst sachusetts. He was the Speaker of the Mr. FORRESTER; Mr. · Speaker I give, at peace with ourselves and with House during the sixth session of the ask unanimous consent to take from the our own consciences;· Amen. Congress and was the first Speaker to Speaker's table the bill H. R. 2893, an The Journal of the proceedings of preside over the House when this body act to confer jurisdiction upon the ·Thursday,· May 10, 1956, was read and first met in the ·city of Washington. ·United States Court of Claims to hear, approved. Speaker Sedgwick presided over this determine, and render judgment upon body on November 18, 1800, when the the claim of Graphic Arts Corporation MESSAGE FROM THE· SENATE Congress first met in Washington. The of Ohio, of Toledo, Ohio, together with a quarters in which the House met and Senate amendment thereto, and agree to A message from the Senate, by Mr: over which Speaker Sedgwic~ presided, the Senate amendment. Ast, one of its clerks, announced that were the rooms now occupied by the The Clerk read the title o·f the bill. the Senate had passed a bill of the fol­ Senate Disbursing Office in the original The·c1erk read the Senate amendment lowing title, in which the concurrence of north wing of the Capitol, now known as the House is requested: as follows: ' the Supreme ~ourt section of the Capitol. Strike out all after the enacting cl~use and S. 3732. An act to provide insurance against Theodore Sedgwick served as a dele­ insert · "That jurisdiction is hereby con­ flood damage; and for other purposes. gate, as a Representative, and also as a ferred upon the Court of Claims to hear, de- 1956 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - HOUSE 8083 termine, and ·render judgment upon the this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde­ Mr. McCORMACK. Well, the gentle.. claim of the Graphic Arts Corporation of meanor and upon conviction thereof shall be Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, as to the liability of the fined in any sum not exceding $1,000." man from Massachusetts went as far as United States, if any, either legal or equitable, he possibly could the other day, and there for losses alleged to have been sustained by The SPEAKER. Is there objection to is nothing further that he can add, and the said Graphic Arts Corporation of Ohio as the r:equest of the-gentleman from Geor• there is no further assist he can give at the result of the performance of a contract, gia [Mr. FORRESTER]? this time. Numbered W33-038ac· 2023, dated April 17, There was no objection. 1944, entered into with the· United States The Senate amendment was agreed to. SEVER DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS Army Air Corps. A motion to reconsider was laid on the "SEC. 2. Notwithstanding any statute of WITH RUSSIA limitations or lapse of time, suit upon such table. claim may be instituted by the claimant Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ within 1 year after the date of enactment of COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND this act. Proceedings for the determina­ dress the House for 1 minute and to re .. tion of such claim and review thereof, and INSULAR AFFAIRS vise and extend my remarks. payment of any judgment thereon, shall be Mrs. PFOST. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Is there objection to had as in the case of claims over which such unanimous consent that the Committee the request of the gentleman from Wis­ court has jurisdiction under section 1491 of on Interior and Insular Affairs may have consin? title 28 of the United States Code. "SEC. 3. Nothing contained in this act permission to sit this afternoon during There was no objection. shall be construed as an inference of liability general debate. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. on the part of the United States Govern­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Speaker, recent events involving Com­ ment." to the request of the gentlewoman from munist Russia call for a study of the Idaho? · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to intent and purpose of that Government. the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. The American people are entitled to Georgia? know if the Russian Embassy and· other There no objection. satellite embassies are espionage cen­ was COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND ters. The record, Mr. Speaker, would The Senate amendment was agreed to. CIVIL SERVICE A motion to reconsider was laid on the seem to indicate that Russia is an inter­ table. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. national outlaw. Her actions to date Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that confirm that statement. Has not the the Committee on Post Office and Civil time come when we should consider end­ S. H. PRATHER, MRS. FLORENCE Service may have until midnight tonight ing our relations with men who control PRATHER PENMAN, AND S. H. to file a report on the bill (H. R. 11040) a government we cannot trust? As we PRATHER, JR. to advance the scientific and professional look about the world today we know that research and development programs of wherever there is trouble it is being agi­ Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask the Departments of Defense, the Inte­ tated systematically by world-wrecking unanimous consent to take from the rior, and Commerce, to improve the Communists. There can be no peace, no Speaker's table the bill H. R. 5535, an management and administration of cer­ hope for peace, so long as godless com­ act for the relief of S. H. Prather, Mrs. tain department activities, and for other munism has a seat in the family of na­ Florence Prather Penman, and S. H. purposes. tions and is accorded the dignity of dip .. Prather, Jr., together with a Senate The SPEAKER. Is there objection lomatic, cultural and economic recog .. amendment thereto, and agree to the to the request of the gentleman from nition. Senate amendment. Tennessee? Mr. Speaker, toward that end I have The Clerk read the title of the bill. There was no objection. today introduced a House concurrent The Clerk read the Senate amend .. resolution to establish a joint congres­ ment, as fallows: sional committee composed · of 5 Mem­ Page 2, line 21, after "skull" insert. "Pro­ LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR THIS bers of the Senate and 5 Members of vided, That no part of the amount appro­ WEEK priated in this act shall be paid or delivered the House of Representatives. The pur­ to or received by any agent or attorney on ac­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I pose of this committee will be to con­ count of services rendered in connection with ask unanimous consent to address the duct a full and complete study and in­ this claim, and the same shall be unlawful, House for 1 minute. quiry with respect to all aspects of the any contract to the contrary notwithstand­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to question of severance of diplomatic, eco­ ing. Any person violating the provisions of the request of the gentleman from Mas­ nomic, cultural and all other relations this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde­ between the United States and the Union meanor and upon conviction thereof shall be sachusetts? fined in any sum not exce~ding $1,000." There was rio objection. of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. Speaker, it did not take the Aus­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to desire to announce to the Members of tralian Government very long to close the request of the gentleman from Geor­ the House at this time that the confer­ the Russian Embassy in Australia when gia [Mr. FORRESTER]? ence report on the supplemental appro­ it was discovered it was serving as an There was no objection. priation bill will come up for considera­ espionage center with the sole purpose The Senate amendment was agreed to. tion on Wednesday next. I also desire of destroying the Australian Govern­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the to alert Members on both sides that, as ment. Can we afford to do less in view table. far as I know at the present time, there of events that have transpired in the is liable to be a floor fight on this matter, past 5 years, not only here but through­ LT. MICHAEL CULLEN so that the Members may govern them-· out the world? selves accordingly. Mr. Speaker, the diplomatic history Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask I also desire to announce that on of the Soviet is a long and sordid one. unanimous consent to take from the Thursday next His Excellency, Dr. Soe­ Since 1917 Moscow has renounced more Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 7164) for karno, President of the Republic of Indo­ than 1,000 treaties, the latest being fla­ the relief of Lt. Michael Cullen, together nesia, who will be in the United States grant Communist violation of the Ko­ with a Senate amendment thereto, and at that time on an official visit, will ad­ rean armistice. Evidence continues to concur in the Senate amendment. dress a joint meeting of the Congress. accumulate that the longer we try to do The Clerk read the title of the bill. That is Thursday,·May 17, at 12:30 p. m. business with Communists the deeper The Clerk read the Senate amend­ We hope that as many Members as pos­ we are in the hole. Moscow's idea of ment, as follows: sible will be present. diplomacy is subversion, and I repeat Line 11, after "veterans" -insert ": Pro­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. that her embassies and those of her vided, That no part of the amount appro­ Speaker, ·wm the gentleman yield? satellites are espionage centers. priated in this act shall be paid or delivered to or received by any agent or attorney on aG­ Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the Her diplomatic missions are not chan­ count of services rendered in connection with gentleman from Nebraska. · nels for peaceful international relations this claim, and the same shall be unlawful, Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I rise to but are merely new avenues of intrigue. any contract to the contrary notwithstand­ inquire about· the conference report on · Mr. Speaker, the record is clear, you ing. Any person violating the provisions of the sugar bill. cannot do business with · Communists. 8084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 Faith, trust and confidence are the very · Among the possible solutions listed by The SPEAKER. That does not auto­ foundations of international relation- Macon County, are: ·matically put it on the program. ships. Russia lacks all of these virtues. More liberal low interest credit needs to Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. It is on be offered these low-income !armers. To be the Union Calendar now, having been specific we need· a full-time Farmers Home reported May 7. Does it require a rule TENNESSEE AND THE RURAL Administration supervisor .in Macon County to take it off the Union Calendar, or may DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM to make loans for fencing, seeding, fertilizer, any member of the Committee on the and establishing foundation herds of live­ District of Columbia bring the bill up for Mr. REECE -0f Tennessee. Mr. stock. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to The Soil Conservation Service district consideration? address the House for 1 minute and to needs additional help for laying out contours The SPEAKER. If th.e committee di­ revise and extend my remarks. in strawberry 'fields, digging additional live­ rects and autbori-zes some Member to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to stock ponds, and general conservation prac­ ·bring it up, he may do so. The Chair the request of the gentleman from Ten­ tices on all farms. will recognize him f-or that purpose. nessee? Add speclal agents to the present extension 'Staff to carr_y out educational aspects of this There was no objection. PUBLIC WORKS APPROPRIATION Mr.REECE of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ program and do farm and home planning on these low-inoome farms ln particular. er, Tennessee has deep interest in the BILL, 195'1 rural development program. Examina­ Grainger County includeE among items Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, I ask tion of House Document No. · 149, De­ of immediate help needed: unanimous consent that it shall be in ·velopment of Agriculture's Human Re­ Increased ASC funds for conservation prac­ .order to consider the public works · ap­ sources, .shows Tennessee as having tices. • • • propriation bill for 1957 on May 22 with­ both .substantial and serious low income Additional technically trained extension out regard to the .fact that it will be and level of living areas in agriculture. personnel. • • • More space is needed for reported on May 21. Plans to improve these conditions ,ghould materials, records, posters, demonstrations, Mr. MARTIN. Reserving the Tight to office visits, and workshops. object, Mr. Speaker, is that agreeable to ·be encouraged. More adequate research information, cen­ · Resulting from the interest of Presi­ sus data, conservation aeeds, group desires, the minority members of the committee? dent Eisenhower, ·and the studies by the interests, farm potential;,. Mr. RABAUT. I may say 'that the Department of Agriculture which cul­ A plan of action for reforestation and fire gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. DAvts] minated in the President's message to protection in the county, for watershed .con­ cannot be here on the day it was sched­ Congress on April 26, 1955, a meeting was trol of farms, communities, and the county. uled for before. held at Memphis, Tenn., in June 1955. Credit loans for buildings, equipment, and Mr. MARTIN. This is agreeable to At this time broad general plans were farm-home needs. • • • him? . Specialists' help in overall program. discussed on the national level tor the Mr. RABAUT. It is agreeable to him. rura1 development program. In its budget requests for fiscal year Mr. MARTIN. I withdraw my reser­ In August, a Tennessee State meeting ·l957, the Department of .Agriculture pro­ -vation of objection, Mr. Speaker. on the same subject was held in Nash­ vided reasonable minimum sums for ini­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to -ville. Following this, three pilot coun­ tiating the type of work outlined above the request of the gentleman 1rom ties were selected for intensive study and L."1 some pilot counties throughout the Michigan? work to see wh'at could be done through areas of need within the United States. There was no objection. coordinated, concentrated effort. These· The report of the Appropriations co·m­ three counties are Grainger, Macon, and mittee recommends severe cuts in these ATOMIC SCIENTIST WARNS UNITED 'Hardin. They .are representative of dif- sums. The needs are so great and the STATES GOVERNMENT AGAINST ferent areas and conditions witnin the requests are so :reasonable that I feel we ·state. should restore to the budget the full DRAGGING ITS FEET ON PEACE­ Not only a. State ·committee but an .amounts for these purposes requested by TIME AND INDUSTRIAL ' USE active county committee in each of -the Department of Agriculture. OF ATOMIC ENERGY-UNITED these countries has been 1tt work. STATES BEHIND BRITAIN AND · Studies, plans, and programs have been U. S. S. R. IN THIS VITAL FIELD developed. 'There is enthusiasm. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUM­ Mr. BASS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Hardin County says: I ask unanimous consent to address the It ls • • • believed that through coordi­ BIA House for 1 minute and to revise and nated effort of all local groups and organiza­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­ -extend my remarks. tions using all available local resources along er, a parliamentary inquiry. with States and Federal assistance, that out- The SPEAKER: Is there objection to . standing progress can be made in raising The SPEAKER. The gentleman will the request of the gentleman from Ten­ , the economic, social, educational, recrea­ · state it. nessee? tional, and religious level oI the low-income Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. There was no objection. group of people. • • • Speaker, this is District Day. At a meet- Mr. BASS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, It ls difficult to foresee, at this time, an ·ing of the Committee on the District of on April 19, 1956, Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg, the help needed to initiate and activate the Columbia, 2 or 3 weeks ago~ we reported , work on specific problems identified ln this a noted authority on atomic energy plan .as immediate approaches to the expan­ out a number of bills. Among them was pointed out some a,ppalling facts before . sion and progress of the rural development H. R. 3015 which has for its purpose en- ~the Atomic Energy 'Industrial Forum, , program. However, it is recognized that con­ . acting a workmen's compensation law for at Oak Ridge, Tenn. · sultant service and teclmical assistance in the District of Columbia. I notice the Certainly the development of atomic conducting research _projects and surveys, bill is not listed for consideration today energy for peaceful and industrial use additional ful1-time personnel, and extra although the committee took definite ac­ is a subject which demands immediate funds will be needed for the immediate tion to the effect that it should be brought and forthright action by this Govern­ growth of thls program. up on District Day. Technical assistance 1s needed from the ment. Dr. Weinberg pointed out State and national level to: Assist in re­ . My inquiry is, how do we bring up a that the British Government and the search or factfinding studies; supply authen­ bill in conformance with the wishes of Government of the Soviet Union are al­ tic information, both verbal and written· the committee, that committee having ready spending a billion dollars each for . provide advisory and counseling services ~ voted out the bill to be considered on Dis­ the development of industrial uses of all phases of this program. trict day? atomic energy. The United States Gov- Some additional full-time personnel 1s The SPEAKER. The Chair will state , ernment has turned this tremendous needed at the local level, including: • • • that the chairman of the committee has a trained person to coordinate the rural de­ task over to private industry and in his velopment program; a veterinarian; and a not consulted with the present occupant remarks Dr. Weinberg indicated that forester. . o.f the Chair on the matter of bringing certainly our Government is dragging its Additional funds will be needed to: • • • up that bill. feet in the development of this great employ additional personnel; meet other ex­ . ¥r._MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­ potential. penses necessary to the development . of the er, the bill was reported out by the full I am placing in th~ Appendix of the program. Committee on the District of Columbia. daily RECORD the -full text of Dr. Wein- 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8085 berg's statement at Oak Ridge and I hope chaser of a new or rebuilt item of personal of such person is the buying, selling, or that the Members of this body will study property for credit, refund, or exchange, or exchanging of used personal property, or his remarks and give serious considera­ ( 3) which has been repossessed. " ( d) When any property has been stolen · whether his dealing in used property is tion to the emergency need now existing and sold in the District of Columbia to a only incidental to his buying and selling on the part of the United States Govern­ dealer under such circumstances that the of new personal property, or to his deal­ ment in the development of atomic Commissioners of the District of Columbia, ing in used personal property as a result energy for peaceful and industrial uses. after such dealer has been afforded a hear­ of his repossession of new merchandise ing, are satisfied that such dealer had cause sold by him, or whether he acquires the tci believe, or could .have ascertained by used property as part payment for new DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BUSINESS reasonable inquir-y or investigation that the merchandise. property was stolen, and that the dealer did The SPEAKER. This is District of not make reasonable inquiry or investiga­ Existing law also requires that every Columbia day. The Chair recognizes tion as to the title of the seller before person licensed as a secondhand dealer the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. making the purchase, the Commissioners pay an annual license fee of $50, without HARRIS]. are authorized and directed to revoke the regard to the extent to which such person license of such dealer; and this action shall deals in used personal property. For not be a bar to criminal prosecution for example, the operator of a small gasoline APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE receiving stolen goods: Provided, That station taking in a few used tires and DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA nothing _in this subparagraph shall be con­ strued as prohibiting the Commissioners batteries as part payment on new tires - Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, in the from suspending or · revoking the license of and batteries is required to pay the same absence of our distinguished chairman, such dealer under the authority contained annual fee as any other person dealing the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. in paragraph No. 46 of this section." in any and all classes of used personal McMILLAN], I call up the bill (H. R. 6782) SEC. 2. Paragraph 46 of section 7 of such property. to amend section 7 of "An act making act is amended (a) by inserting the desig­ Certain provisions of the License Act appropriations to provide for the Gov­ nation "(a)" immediately before the first require that certain inspections be made ernment of the District of Columbia for sentence of said paragraph 46; and (b) by before a license can be issued. Thus ·an the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, and . adding thereto a subparagraph "(b)" read­ accumulation of license applications for other purposes," approved July 1, ing as follows: creates a backlog for certain kinds of "(b) Notwithstanding any of the provi­ 1902, as amended, . and ask unanimous sions of this section requiring an inspection licenses. .consent that the bill be considered in the as a prerequisite to the issuance of a license, In order to allow a better and more House as in Committee of the Whole. the Commissioners are authorized to pro­ equitable administration and application The SPEAKER. Is there objection to vide by regulation that any such inspection of the License Act provision relating to the request of the gentleman from shall be made either prior or subsequent to the licensing of second-hand dealers, and Arkansas? the issuance of a license, but any such to expedite the issuance of license for There was no objection. license, whether issued prior or subsequent certain business, trades, professions, or to a required inspection, may be suspended callings for which prelicensing inspec­ The Clerk read the bill, as follows: or revoked for failure of the licensee to com­ Be it enacted, etc., That ·paragraph No. ply with the laws or regulations applicable tions are now required, the Commis­ 39 of section 7 of the act entitled "An to the licensed business, trade, profession, sioners have recommended legislatior. act making appropriations to provide for or calling." which would accomplish the fallowing: the government of the District of Colum­ SEC. 3. The first section of this act shall First. Amend existing law so as to au­ bia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, take · effect on November 1 next year after thorize the Commissioners to classify and for other purposes," approved July 1, the approval of this act. dealers in secondhand personal property 1902, as amended (Eec. 47-2339, D. C. Code, and to fix the license fee for each such 1951 edition), is amended to read as fol­ With the following committee amend­ ment: class of dealer. lows: Second. Amend existing law so as to "PAR. 9. (a) The Commissioners of the Page 3, strike out lines 3 to 7, inclusive, District of Columbia are authorizE:d and em­ and insert in lieu thereof the following: authorize the Commissioners, by regula­ .powered to classify dealers in secondhand "item of personal property (1) which the tion, to provide for making inspections personal property (referred to in this para­ possessor thereof has acquired as part pay­ required under the act either before or graph 39 as 'dealers') and to fix and collect ment or allowance on the sale by such pos­ after the issuance of a license, as the a license fee for each such class of dealer, sessor of a new or rebuilt item of personal best interests of the District may indi­ which fee, in the judgment of the Com­ property, (2) which the possessor thereof cate. missioners, will be commensurate with the has acquired by reason of its return to him This proposed legislation would ac­ cost to the District of Columbia of inspec­ for credit, refund, or exchange by a person complish the fallowing: tion, supervision, and regulation of such having purchased such item from such pos­ class of dealer. sessor, or (3) which is offered for sale, trade, First. Authorizes and empowers the "(b) In classifying dealers the Commis­ or exchange by the person who repossesses Commissioners to classify dealers in sec­ sioners may take into consideration the kind the same." ondhand personal property and to fix of property dealt in, whether the property the fee to be charged for the licenses to is retained by the dealer for sale at retail, The committee amendment was be issued the dealers coming within each whether the property is disposed of by the agreed to. such class at an amount commensurate dealer out of the District of Columbia, Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask with the cost to the District of inspect- whether the property is disposed of by the unanimous consent to extend my re­ ·ing, supervising and regulating each dealer as junk or otherwise, and such other marks at this point in the RECORD. ·class of dealer. criteria as the Commissioners may deem The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Second. Establishes a number of appropriate. the request of the gentleman from " ( c) Any person engaging ln the business standards to be observed by the Commis­ of buying, selling, trading, exchanging, or Arkansas? sioners in connection with the classify­ dealing in secondhand personal property of There was no objection. ing of dealers in secondhand property. any description, including the return of un­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, paragraph Third. Excludes from the category of used portion of any ticket, order, or token 39 of section 7 of the act of July 1, 1902, used personal property new property purporting to evidence the right of the holder provides that dealers in secondhand per­ which has been repossessed, used prop­ or possessor thereof to be transported by sonal property shall be licensed and fur­ erty traded in on new or rebuilt prop­ any railroad or other common carrier, how­ ever operated, from one State or Territory of ther provides that every person engaged erty, and new or rebuilt property re­ the United States, or from the District of in the business of buying, selling, trad­ turned by a purchaser fc= credit, refund, Columbia, to any other State or Territory of ing, exchanging, or dealing in second­ or exchange. This provision will relieve the United States or to the District of Co­ hand personal property of any descrip­ from compliance with the requirement lumbia, shall be regarded as a dealer, and tion shall be regarded as a secondhand that they be licensed as dealers a large shall obtain the appropriate license and pay -dealer. number of merchants who deal princi­ the fee therefor fixed by the Commissioners. The scope of this provision of the pally in new or rebuilt merchandise and For the purposes of this paragraph 39, the take in used property only as an incident term 'secondhand personal property• shall License Act of the District of Columbia not include any item of personal property is such as to require the licensing, as a to the sale of such new or rebuilt mer­ ( 1) received as part payment or allowance secondhand dealer, of every person deal­ chandise. on the sale of a new or rebuilt item of per­ ing in used personal property, regardless Fourth. The bill also provides that the sonal property, (2) returned by the pur- of whether the sole or primary business Commissioners may by regulation require 8086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE May 14 either prelicensing or postlicensing in­ INSURANCE POLICIES derive title to property from a deceased spections so as to prevent a log jam of SEC. ·5. Where the insured and the bene.; person whose ownership during life de­ license applications. · ficiary in a policy of life or accident insur­ pended upon his outliving some other This legislation has the approval of the ance have died and there is no sufficient evi­ person ~who was deceased. The result dence that they have died otherwise than is that if the party on whom the burden Commissioners of the District of Colum­ simultaneously, the proceeds of the policy bia. shall be distributed as if the insured had of,: proof rests cannot make his proof, his The bill was ordered to be engrossed survlved the beneflclary. . case fails. and read a third time, was· read the third The common-law rule is stated in Wig­ ACT DOES NOT APPLY IF DECEDENT PROVlDES more on Evidence in the following words.: time, and passed, and a motion to re­ OTHERWISE consider was laid on the table. SEC. 6. This act shall not apply in the case Where two or more persons have perished of wills, living trusts. deeds, or contracts of in the same disasrer, there ls at common law insurance, or any other situation where pro­ no presum.ption of law that either survived APPLICATION OF UNIFORM SIMUL­ vision is ma.de for distribution of property the other, or that all perished at the same time. The burden of proving that one sur­ TANEOUS DEATH ACT IN DIS­ different from the provisions of this act, or where provision is made for a presumption vived another will commonly. be on any TRICT OF COLUMBIA as to survivorship> which results ln a distri­ claimant for whom the fact is essential to his Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I call up bution of property different from that here own chain of title (3 Ed. 2532). the bill (H. R. '7804) to provide ·that the provided. The -Supreme Court -has said -in the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act shall UNIFORMITY OF 'IN:I'ERPRETAT.ION ease of Y'{)ung Women's Christian Home apply in the District of Columbia, and SEC. 7. Thls act shall be so construed and v. French (l8'l U. S. 401, 23 S. Ct. 184, ask unanimous consent, that the bill be interpreted as to effectuate its general pur­ 186, 47 Ed. 233), as foilows: considered in the House as in .Commit::­ pose to make uniform the law in those The -rule is that there is no presumption tee of the Whole. States which enact it. of survivorship in the case of persons who The SPEAKER. Is there objection to SHORT TITLE perish .by a common disaster, in the absence the request of the gentleman from SEC . .8. This act ma-y be clted as the Uni­ of _proof tending to 'Show the order of dis­ Arkansas? form Simultaneous Death Act". solution. and that -circumstances surround­ ing the calamity of the character appearing There w-as no objection. REPEAL on this record are l:nsUfficient to create any The Clerk read the bill, as follows: SEc.. 9. All laws or parts of laws lncons!.st­ presumption on which the courts can act. Be it enacted, etc._, That th1s act, provld- .ent with the provisions of this act .are here­ T.he question of 11,ctnal mrrvlvorship is re­ 1ng for the disposition o! property where by repealed. garded as unascertainable, and desoont and there ls no sufficient -f!Vidence that per.sons SEVERABILITT distrlbution take the same -course a.s if the have died otherwise than· simultaneously SEC. 10. Il any or the provlsions of this 11ct deaths had been .simultaneous. and to make uniform the law wtth reference ·or the application thereof to any persons The result of the common law rule has thereto, shall be -ln eff~ct in the District of or circumstances is held invalid, such in­ -Columbia on and after the.date .of the enact­ -validity -shall not a1!ect other provi'Sions or been the burden of ·proof which resulted ment of this act. -applications of the -act -whtch can be given from it. Whoever h-ad the burden of ,proving survivorship was· faced with -an NO SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF S'IJltVIVOltSHIP effect without the lnvalld provisions or ap,- , J>lication, and to this end ·the l)rovtsions of impossible situation, sinee, by the very · SEC. 2. Where the title to property or the this act are declared to be severable. nature of the problem, survivorship devolution thereof depends upon pr-iority of could not .be ascertained . death and there is no sufficient evidence that . With the.following committee amend­ the persons have died otherwise than simul­ ments: In order to provide a solution to the taneously, the property of each person shall problem of death in common disaster, be disposed of as if he had survived, except Page '3, line 22, insert the followlng: resort has been to statutor1 enactment. as provided otherwise in this act. "ACT NOT RETROACTIVE The pending bill is the Uniform Simul­ .SUB.VIVAL OF "BENEFICIARIES ··SEc. 7. This act shall not apply to the taneous Death Act, as amended, pre­ -pared some years ago by the National SEC. 3. If property 1,s so disposed of that distribution of the property of a person who the right of a beneficiary to succeed to any 1las died before lt takes effect... · Conference of Commissioners on Uni­ interest therein is conditional upon his sur­ Page 4, line 2, strike out '"7" and lnsert form State Laws and amended by it. viving another person. and both persons die, "''8 ..n Forty-one States .have enacted the and there is no sufficient evidence that the "Line 6, strike out "8" and insert "9." Uniform Simultaneous Death Act. in­ two have died otherwise than simuitane­ Line 9, strlke out "9" and insert "10.,. Line 12, strike out "10" :and in1,ert "11.• cluding the neighboring States of Mary­ ously, the beneficiary -shall be dee.med not land and Virginia. This act provides to have survived. If there is no sufficient The eom.mittee amenMississippi [Mr. ABERNETHY], 4-409). entitled "An act to provide a 5-day week for the chairman of the Subcommittee on officers and members of the Metropolitan Health, Education, and Recreation, I With the following committee amend­ Police force, the United States Park Police ment: force, and the Whit~ House Police force," ap­ now yield to the chairman of the Sub­ proved August 15, 1950 (64 Stat. 447), as committee on Police, Firemen, Streets, On page 2, lines 13 through 16, strike out amended ( sec. 4-904, D. C. Code) , shall not and Traffic, the gentleman from Georgia the following: "Leaves of absence exceeding be applicable during such period." 20 days in any one year shall be without pay [Mr. DAVIS]. and shall require the consent of the Com­ Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, Mr. DA VIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, missioners of the District of Columbia." by direction of, the Committee on the Dis­ the purpose of this legislation is to trict of Columbia, I call up the bill (H. R. The committee amendment was agreed amend the District of Columbia Police 2603) to increase the area within which to. and Firemen's Salary Act of 1953, so as to officers and members of the Metropolitan Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, have the Police Department pay and Police force and Fire Department of the the purpose of this legislation is to in­ work periods coincide, and thereby to District of Columbia may reside, and ask crease the area within which officers and eliminate certain administrative difficul­ unanimous consent that the bill be members of the Metropolitan Police ties. considered in the House as in the Com­ force and the Fire Department of the Until July 1, 1953, the pay periods and mittee of the Whole. District of Columbia may reside. the work periods for the Metropolitan The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Under existing law police and firemen Police force coincided, with both the pay the request of the gentleman from may only reside within a 12-mile radius. period and the work period commencing Georgia? This proposed legislation would permit on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday. them to reside within a 20-mile radius. This coincidence made it possible for the There was no objection. Police force to be at greater strength The Clerk read the bill, as follows: It is-felt that if this bill is enacted into during the peak days of police activity­ Be it enacted, etc., That there shall be no law police and firemen will be able to se­ cure better housing at a more reasonable Friday, Saturday, and Sunday-while at limitation or restriction of place of residence the same time allowing the police officers of any officer or member ef the Metropolitan rate. Since there appears to be a trend Police force, or of the Fire Department of among the younger men in the Depart­ their two days off per week on the less the District of Columbia other than resi­ ments to have large families the enact­ active days of the week. The Salary Act dence within the Washington, D. C., metro­ ment of this bill would mean that they of 1953, however, went into effect on politan district. For the purposes of this July 1, 1953, a Wednesday, causing the act, "Washington, D. C., metropolitan dis­ would be able to secure better housing with more land at a more reasonable Police force pay periods to begin on that trict" shall be held to include the District day and end on a Tuesday. Because of of Columbia and the territory adjacent there­ price-thus having a place for their to within a radius of 20 miles from the children to play rather than to have the need for greater police strength at United States Capitol Building. Any officer them in an apartment or a row brick the weekend, it is not feasible to make or member of the Metropolitan Police force house. It is further felt that the morale the Police work period coincide with the or the Fire Department of the District of of the members of the Police and Fire pay period, and the lack of coincidence Columbia living outside of the District of Departments would be improved due to tends to create administrative difficulties Columbia shall have and maintain a tele­ better living conditions. in the department and hardship for the phone at all times in his residence. officers. SEC. 2. No_membe.r of the Fire Department This legislation has the approval of of the District of Columbia shall, unless on the White House Police, the Metropoli­ The bill establishes a four-day transi­ leave of absence, go beyond the confines of tan Police Department, the Police Asso­ tional pay period, beginning June 27 and the District of Columbia, or be absent from ciation of the District of Columbia, and ending June 30, 1956. During this four­ duty without permission. Nothing in this Local 36, Fire Fighters Association of the day period, the days-off provision in ex­ s~ction shall be construed to limit the right isting law would be suspended, and all of officers and members of the Fire Depart­ District of Columbia. The bill was ordered to be engrossed members of the Police force would be on ment to reside anywhere within the Wash­ duty. It is understood the members of ington, D. C., metropolitan district. Leaves and read a third time, was read the of absence exceeding 20 days in any 1 year third time, and passed, and a motion to the force have no objection to this pro­ ·shall be without pay and shall require the reconsider was laid on the table. vision. Beginning Sunday, July 1, 1956, consent of the Commissioners of the District the work period and the pay period of Columbia. Thirty days shall be the term would coincide. of total sick leave in any 1 year without DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA POLICE The cost of the bill, resulting from the disallowance of pay. Leave of absence with additional police services during the pay of members of the Fire Department of AND FIREMEN'S SALARY ACT the District of Columbia may be extended in four-day transition period, will be ap­ cases of illness or injury incurred in line of Mr: DA_VIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, proximately $25,000. The current ap­ duty, upon recommendation of the board of by d1rect1on of the Committee on the propriation for the Police Department is surgeons approved by the Commissioners for District of Columbia, I call up the bill sufficient to absorb the cost. No addi­ such period exceeding 30 days in any 1 ye~r as

a resume of the conclusions reached. (See 4. A carefully planned and executed edu­ cation program should be undertaken im­ attached resume.) cation and public relations program must mediately. While in earlier years, materials Your question as to the Department's rec­ precede expanded spraying operations. and equipment offered less encouragement ommendation for additional funds to expand 5. Because of the many factors that must to undertake eradication of a widespread. spray operations during the remainder of the be taken into account in planning and exe­ pest, the point was made that modern fiscal year 1956 and for fiscal year 1957 is cuting a program of this kind it was con­ methods provide much better opportuiity for shown in the following table: sidered inadvisable to estimate a completion eradication than have existed heretofore. Funds available for fiscal year date. Much attention was devoted to the need 6. It was agreed that the quarantine has 1956 ------$545,000 for educational work and public relations in Amount of supplemental recom- been highly successful in preventing long­ advance of an expanded spray program, par­ mended for fiscal year 1956__ 1 500,000 distance spread of the pest. To prevent ticularly in suburban areas and under cir­ Additional funds recommended local spread, however, regulations must be cumstances where pastures for livestock, for 1957 ______2,500,000 backed up with spraying operations aimed home gardens, and lakes and streams stocked at putting out the small fires that may come with fish may be involved. Total recomm~nded for to light along the periphery of the generally States within the generally infested area. 1957 3,045,000 infested area. questioned whether the participating 7. Survey procedures have been refined to agencies should be committed to an an­ 1 Witnesses from outside the Department a point that the presence or absence of the recommended that $1 ,500,000 be provided to out eradication program at this point. After gypsy moth in a given area may be deter- · reviewing experiences in Massachusetts, both expand work during the current season. mined with a high degree of effectiveness with respect to the effectiveness of the spray­ The amount reported in the House bill and at relatively low cost. ing that was done on Cape Cod, and the fav­ for fiscal year 1957 represents an increase Experience in carrying out large-scale orable attitude of the public toward such a. of $1,750,000 for a total of $2,295,000. control operations in Massachusetts were re- · program once benefits are fully recognized, There are attached two tables showing by viewed in some detail. This included a dis­ representatives of States that do not have States the Federal and non-Federal ex­ cussion of the spray program on Cape Cod infestation as yet but are in the path of penditures for gypsy-moth control for the 4 years ago and work of a similar chaxacter recent spread were unanimous in their sup­ period 1948 to 1956, inclusive. that has been done elsewhere in the State port of an aggressive spray program directed If there is additional information that we since then. toward eventual eradication of the pest. can furnish please let us know. Considering the cost of year-to-year con­ The concluding remarks of a number of Very truly yours, trol in States such as Massachusetts, Con­ conferees emphasized the n.eed for complete necticut, and eastern New York and the Federal-State cooperation in an undertak­ E. D. BURGESS, losses accruing in spite of such control effort, Chief of Branch. ing of this kind-and a positive goal to shoot it was considered both feasible and eco­ at. The goal identified as being the most nomically sound to take the necessary steps realistic was to undertake immediately the RESUME OF A MEETING HELD To CONSIDER THE to prevent further spread. There was com­ elimination of known infestations in Michi­ GYPSY-MOTH PROBLEM, ROOM 218-A, UNITED plete agreement on effectiveness of pro­ gan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and to STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, cedures now available. spray a protective border in New York State, WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 5, 1956 The 3 alternatives outlined on page 4 of this year's work to be followed in 1957 and The meeting opened with 15 States rep­ the situation statement were discussed at succeeding years with. a further expansion of resented. The chairman outlined the pur­ length. Alternative No. 1 was considered the program, looking to the eventual eradi­ pose, stressing the countrywide interest inadequate. A program aimed at prevent­ cation of the pest. Representatives from that has developed in the gypsy moth prob­ ing or retarding the spread of an insect such Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and lem as indicated by the number of inquiries as the gypsy moth cannot remain static. New Jersey each cited evidence of what can reaching the Department: There was need Either ground is gained or lost. To confine be done in the way of accomplishing perman­ to consider with the States a source of ac­ infestation to the area the gypsy moth now ent relief from the past. The approach gen­ tion for the future, so as to derive the ut­ occupies without the help of a natural bar­ erally favored would permit year to year most in results from State and Federal rier of some kind has proved to be expensive e"aluation of the program as progress is expenditures. Such a meeting is in accord­ and not entirely adequate. made, first in reducing the area of extension ance with the policy on Federal-State rela­ The States bordering the generally in­ of the moth, and finally in working toward tions in pest prevention and control activi­ fested area and those in line of spread were complete eradication. ties jointly developed by representatives of generally in agreement that an all-out eradi- MARCH 25, 1956, the Department and the executive commit­ tee of the National Association of Commis­ u. s. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE sioners, Secretaries, and Directors of Agriculture. Gypsy-moth control A colored movie of the gypsy moth re­ viewed the life habits of the pest, the extent FEDERAL OBLIGATIONS and type of damage that it has caused in New England, and the effectiveness of cur­ Esti- rent control procedures. Some 8 or 10 col­ 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 , 1953 1954 1955 mated, ored slides were shown emphasizing par­ 1956 ticular phases of the program. ------1----1----11 ----1----1·----1------A prepared statement on survey proce­ Connecticut.______$71,900 $79,900 $70,226 $64,374 $76,426 $78, 170 $88,570 $63, 700 $61,300 dures described the unprecedented spread of Maine______23,300 23,600 22,851 21,500 17,984 41,460 21,827 21,500 18, 700 Maryland i ______------______------8,000 5,900 the pest since 1953, and the improvements Massachusetts______68,800 85,000 104,447 87,380 92, 521 81,692 57, 240 48,200 · 42,400 that have been made in trapping methods Michigan ______------·------3,020 15,200 13,600 in recent years. New Hampshire______23,400 24,400 17, 380 15,305 13,060 25,986 19,244 19, 700 20, 700 New Jersey______700 600 768 347 345 1, 883 1,621 1, 500 700 Representatives from States having had New York______126,300 140,300 145,013 171, 731 187,994 128,567 182,292 258,000 234,700 long experience with the gypsy moth were Oklahoma 1______14,446 23,572 10,970 ______invited to present their views on the sub­ Pennsylvania.______174, 166 146, 200 108, 423 93, 731 49, 707 30, 112 20, 068 25, 700 33, 100 ject. Representatives from States as yet Rhode Island______9, 114 9, 400 8, 500 7, 278 5, 712 6, 495 6, 925 4, 600 3, 200 Vermont______77,600 80,700 70,094 72,321 85,727 92,958 62,666 57,600 66,300 free from infestation were called upon to District of Columbia______28, 584 27, 158 21, 845 23, 854 41, 026 26, 799 27, 980 32, 900 44, 600 express their views. The enclosed situation statement was Total.______603,864 617,258 569,547 557,821 584,948 537,694 502,423 556,600 545,200 then offered for consideration by the group. The discussion that followed led to gen­ eral concurrence · in the following: NON-FEDERAL OBLIGATIONS 1. The gypsy moth is capable of causing Connecticut ______!48, 721 $54,800 $57,240 $94,877 $57,960 $42,000 $255,000 $290,000 extensive damage to timber and recrea­ Maine ______• _____ $36,420 tional values throughout the area from the 20,000 29,300 29,500 47,000 33,500 62,400 60,650 41,600 43,100 Massachusetts ______862,053 910,543 814,270 1,246,315 588,175 849,628 812,070 1,279,500 870,500 Mississippi Valley east. Michigan ______73,440 57,000 2. There is little to be gained and much New Hampshire ______36,496 42,337 34,295 88,718 91,052 89,700 84,092 184,000 126,350 to be lost by merely extending the present New Jersey ______13, 175 13, 781 15,410 14,435 12,845 23,680 23,680 23,680 20,455 New York ______200,000 224,000 218,000 312,972 354,854 359,930 364,107 196,550 290,775 Federal-State resources to cover the en­ Pennsylvania ______170,000 199, 788 121,598 124, 140 116,943 65,000 117,000 119,000 120,000 larged area. Rhode Island ______Vermont ______9,000 6,000 5,000 95,800 106,763 120,483 113,075 104,210 110,960 3. The demonstrated efficiency of con­ 2,848 3,326 3,000 6,239 12,955 15,550 12,510 25,500 24,910 trol procedures now in use and the damage· Total. ______--- 1,644,331 1,629,184 2,302,481 1,954,050 that would accrue to additional States as 1,349,992 1,477,796 1,295,873 1,992,859 1,411,964 they become infested Justifies a much more vigorous program tllan is now in operation. 1 Equipment center. 8108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 The map which the subcommittee re­ carry infestation and provide for treat­ or :mist blowers. Multimotored aircraft ceived and accepted for its files in its ment of infested materials so that they will normally treat 1,200 to 2,000 acres hearings-page 1644-provides an ex­ may move safely in commerce. Control per hour of actual flying time. Contrac­ cellent visual picture of the status of the work carried on in areas from which tors with necessary experience and gypsy moth infestation as of September such products are shipped is an effective equipment are available to do the job. 1, 1955, as well as an indication of the aid to quarantine enforcement. It is estimated that funds at this same disastrous potential spread in the hard­ Fifth. Adequacy of available proce­ level will be required for a period of 8 to wood forests throughout the area rang­ dures: In 1946 DDT in oil applied by air­ 10 years to insure the initial treatment ing easterly from northeastern South craft as a mist spray was used for the of all known infested -areas, including Dakota from a line running south to first time with spectacular results. Since scattered infestations in new areas total­ central Texas. then control procedures have been fur­ ing 83/4 million acres. The program be­ Much very valuable additional evi­ ther perfected and the per acre cost sub­ ing undertaken contemplates the even­ dence is contained in the subcommittee stantially reduced. DDT is applied when tual eradication of the gypsy moth. hearings, particularly from page 1641 to the insects are in the larval stage which Tenth. A recent letter requested by page 1659, inclusive. p~rinits a control season of about 60 Hon. JAMIE-L. WHITT-EN, chairman of the In view of the constructive action rec­ days' duration. One properly applied subcommittee, from Hon. Ervin L. Peter­ ommended by the subcommittee and ap­ treatment at the rate of 1 pound of DDT son, Assistant Secretary of the United proved by the full committee, I think it and at the overall cost of $1 per acre will States Department of Agriculture: might be.helpful to the many able Fed­ achieve eradication. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, eral, State, county, and local officials, Sixth. Outlook: The gypsy moth now Washington 25, D. C., February 28, 1956. as well to private groups and indi­ infests an estimated 35 to 40 million as Hon. JAMIE L. WHITTEN, viduals, who are seriously concerned acres. The infestation is mostly in New House of Representatives. with the threat this moth presents, to England, however, it now extends to some DEAR CONGRESSMAN WHITTEN: This is in mention several additional points from 8¾ million acres in southeastern New response to your request for a statement re­ that testimony, as follows: York and limited areas in 2 counties in garding the gypsy-moth program. First. The gypsy moth is a serious pest Pennsylvania, and 2 in New Jersey where The larval form of the gypsy moth is a of forest, fruit and shade trees, and infestation was discovered following the destructive defoliator of forest, shade, and ornamentals. The caterpillars, or lar­ widespread and destructive outbreak 'of fruit trees and of ornamentals. A pest intro­ vae, feed on foliage and often strip large 1953 and 1954. It is now generally ac­ duced from abroad many years ago, it has cepted by ·forest conservationists and been confined until recently to the New Eng­ areas of woodland. Defoliation retards land States, a n arrow strip of eastern New tree growth and weakens the trees. Re­ entomologists alike that there are no York, and sporadic infestations in New Jer­ peated defoliations may kill the trees. further natural barriers to fall back on sey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Canada, and Michi­ While the gypsy moth normally prefers as an aid in preventing spread to the gan. The Federal program of quarantine and hardwood trees, pine and other valuable west and south. Should the gypsy moth suppression has been designed primarily to trees are frequently attacked. Gypsy reach the southern Appalachians and assist the States in eradicating outlying in­ moths cause damage not only to trees on the Ozarks, it may find conditions, both festations, and preventing long-distance climate and forest type, more to its liking spread of the pest through quarantine ac­ farms and forest but also to trees in rec­ tion. Federal expenditures for these pur­ reational and residential areas. than it has in New England. It is esti­ poses have approximated $545,000 per year. Second. Normally the natural spread mated that the gypsy moth now infests During the past two seasons, trapping and of the gypsy moth is relatively slow. The about 2 percent of the area of the United inspection surveys disclosed a very serious female cannot fly, but newly hatched States. . spread of this pest in southeastern New York larvae are often carried considerable dis­ Seventh. State cooperation: On March with extensions into northern New Jersey tances by strong winds. Usually long­ 5, 1956, representatives of State depart­ and eastern Pennsylvania. Winter egg sur­ distance spread occurs as a result of egg ments of agriculture, plant boards, and veys in these States, which are now substan­ masses being carried on articles in com­ conservation departments met with rep­ tially completed, have confirmed the earlier indications of scattered infestations in new merce such as timber and quarry prod­ resentatives of the Department to con­ areas totaling 8 ¾ million acres. ucts. Christmas trees, nursery stock, sider a future course of action. The size The Department has not recommended an and the like. The recent hurricanes and scope of the problem was discussed increase in the appropriation for this work. along the Atlantic seaboard have also and there was complete agreement on Gypsy-moth control is a joint responsibility. been a contributing factor in the recent the fallowing points: For the work to be successful a substantial spread of the pest. Eighth . Method of financing: During proportion of the planning and financing of Third. Until recently, a cooperative the period 1948 through 195~ Federal additional work must be done by State and Federal-State regulatory and control support for all phases of this program local agencies and interested organizations in approximated $565,000 annually. The areas where infestation exists. program had been successful in confin­ You will recall that during the hearings ing gypsy moth infestation to the New amount contributed by cooperating we reviewed with the committee a statement England area and a narrow strip in east­ States, cities, towns and individuals dur­ of policy and procedures recently worked out ern New York. During the outbreak of ing -this same period increased from , by the Department and the States covering 1953 and 1954 which was the most in­ $1,350,000 in 1948 to a maximum of about Federal-State relations in pest prevention tense and widespread of any yet experi­ $2,302,000 in fiscal year 1955. It is ex­ and control activities. In furtherance of the enced in this country, the current pro­ pected that in the aggregate the States procedures outlined in that statement, the gram proved inadequate to hold infesta­ will share in the overall cost of the ex­ Department is evaluating the gypsy-moth problem in collaboration with the States. tion in check. Recent surveys have con­ panded program on about a 50-50 basis. The Agricultural Research Service h as in­ firmed a light but scattered infestation The extent of responsibility resting with vited the heads of State d epartments of agri­ over large areas to the south and west individual States will be worked out in culture, plant boards, and conservation de­ of the area heretofore described as gen­ joint conferences, giving apropriate rec­ partments to a meeting to be held in Wash­ erally infested. This development leaves ognition to values at stake in relation to ington next Monday, March 5. All infor­ no natural barrier which could be util­ the size of the area needing treatment, mation available to the Department will be ized in a future holding program. Nat­ and the immediate benefits to be realized presented at that meeting for comparison ural spread to the west and south is like­ in the way of protection to woodlands, and consideration with information pre­ ly to continue at an accelerated rate. parks, and recreational areas. sented by the States. The conclusions The threat to the extensive hardwood Ninth. Proposed plan: This budget reached will help the Department in formu­ forests of the eastern and central parts amendment is proposed to continue the lating and guiding its future program. We feel sure the meeting will also assist the of the United States is great. expanded program and to cooperate with States in formulating their programs. Fourth. Quarantine enforcement: A the States where -infestation occurs in We are attaching a map showing the areas Federal quarantine has been effectively carrying out control measures where of new infestation as indicated by last sum­ enforced for many years to prevent in­ necessary to prevent widespread damage mer's trapping and tables showing Federal terstate spread from the infested area. to timber and recreational areas in the and non-Federal expenditures during the Partially infested States have parallel fiscal year 1957. It would provide for period 1948-56. State quarantines to protect their unin­ spraying approximately 2 ½ million ad­ Sincerely yours, fested portions. These quarantines reg­ ditional acres. Contracts would be let ' E. L. PETERSON, ulate movement of products that may to apply DDT spray by either aircraft · Assistant Secr etar y. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ._ HOUSE 8109 While emphasis has been placed upon Mr. AVERY. Mr. Chairman, I have technical assistance and in other areas an expanded spray program in the north­ asked for this time to ask a question or of the country the need is not so great. eastern part of the country, a most sig­ two of the distinguished gentleman from Is there ample authority in the basic law nificant statement as to the potential Mississippi, mostly as a matter of clari­ for this increased amount of money to danger in other parts of the country was fication. the districts to be used in areas where it the following by Dr. W. L. Popham, Di- , I -notice the overall funds for the Soil is most needed or does it have to follow rector, Crops Regulatory Programs of the Conservation Service have been in­ some established formula? Agricultural Research Service in the creased to the extent of $5 million. That Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I am sure United States Department of Agricul­ is set out on page 5 of the committee re­ that my subcommittee-would agree with ture: port. Then over on page 9, as I read the me in this statement, that the Soil Con­ We think the valuations would be much report, $2,285,000 of that $5 million has servation Service has all the authority it greater. Of course, such a program would been allocated for the soil-bank pro­ needs administratively to do just what have the added advantage of protecting very gram. Is that correct? the gentleman wants to see done; that is extensive areas of hardwoods in the southern Mr. WHITTEN. No, that is not cor­ to see that technical assistance be given Appalachians and Central States and into rect. The soil-bank program has not where it is needed and can do the most the Ozarks. Some of the scientists, entomol­ yet become law, as the gentleman knows. good. ogists, and foresters who made a rather ex­ Mr. AVERY. I thank the gentleman. haustive study of this problem a few years Mr. AVERY. That is right. ago at the request of the Council of State Mr. WHITTEN. But in view of the Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Chairman, we Governments concluded that there may be large size of the soil bank or the large have no further requests for time. areas in the central part of the country and size of the program, if the Federal Gov­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read in the Ozarks more to the liking of the insect the bill for amendment. than New England, where it happened to be ernment -is to get real results from ex­ The Clerk proceeded to read the bill. introduced. In other words, historically it penditures under the conservation part Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. has been more damaging in the open types of it and under the other part of it, they Chairman, may I ask the subcommittee of timber to be found in the southern Appa­ must apply the best technical knowl­ chairman, in view of the fact that there lachians-or more particularly across south­ edge that they have. Now, we have the ern Illinois, Missouri, and the Ozark region. are no amendments of which we are soil conservation district organization, cognizant, if he will not ask that the bill This should be considered in the light which is short of employees and is hard be considered as read and open for of a brief statement" filed by the Depart­ taxed to carry on the present program. amendment at any point. ment at the request of the chairman of In addition to the short supply of tech­ Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Chairman, I ask the subcommittee: nicians in the conservation districts now, unanimous consent that the bill be con­ we are going have four new ones, and LOSSES CAUSED BY GYPSY MOTH sidered as read and open to amendment recognizing that those technicians will at any point. Defoliation by the gypsy moth causes eco­ be the best sort of information to handle nomic damage by retarding the growth of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection trees, or creating other conditions that im­ the other program, we have increased to the request of the gentleman from pair land values, and may ultimately kill the these funds available to the soil-conser­ Mississippi? trees. The ·amount of defoliation varies vation program under existing law. But There was no objection. from year to year. White pines and other the fact that this other program is in Mr. MACK of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, conifers usually die after a single stripping sight did enter into our recognition of I move to strike out the last word. of the foliage. the need. to strengthen this service. Mr. Chairman, I notice in this bill Estimates based on a 20-year study of some Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ 200 representative observation points in there is a $10 million item of appropria­ eastern New England put the standing man, will the gentleman yield? tion for animal disease laboratory facili­ timber value of hardwood trees killed in Mr. AVERY. I yield to the distin­ ties. According to the report this is for those areas at $16 million. Further esti­ guished gentleman from Minnesota. an $18 million research facility, animal mates for the remainder of the infested area Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. The gen­ disease laboratory, to be located at Belts­ during that period placed the loss at $10 tleman from Kansas has discussed this ville, Md. It occurred to me that it million. This was prior to the extension of question with me. He is very much in­ might be much more appropriate to lo­ the area of infestation to an additional 9 million acres in southeastern New York. No terested in seeing that the Soil Conser­ cate such a facility, which is going to evaluation was placed on the accompanying vation Service is supplied with ample study animal diseases, in an area where mortality of young white pine trees, which technical help to do the job it has. Ear­ the animals are produced and where they has continued since the studies were made lier today, the gentleman from Missis­ are available. and is hard to estimate because the trees are sippi [Mr. WHITTEN] nnd I had a con­ I am vehemently opposed to the con­ usually killed before they obtain sufficient ference on the floor and agreed that it struction of a laboratory near the densely growth to have any more than potential was not intended that this language on populated area of Washington, D. C. I value. page 9 be interpreted as offsetting the see no necessity for it. I think this type A significant effect of defoliation is the loss in increment of tree growth. Apparently language which the committee has in of facility should be located in the Mid­ the loss of growth in trees varies propor­ the report on page 5. It was the com­ west, where the markets, the packing­ tionately with the amount of defoliation­ mittee's intention to aid not only the houses, and the livestock facilities are a tree defoliated 75 percent generally will put new soil-conservation districts which located. on only 25 percent or less of its annual nor­ have been formed but also to give ad­ I believe that some investigation should mal growth. Estimates place the monetary ditional necessary technical assistance be made of this proposal to see if it would loss of growth of trees from defoliation and to the districts now in operation. not be more appropriate to locate it in consequent loss of lumber in the infested area at an average of $1.5 million yearly. Mr. AVERY. I should like to ask the the center of the livestock-producing The death of trees in woodland creates gentleman this further question. I no­ area. They have other research facili­ ,tieveral problems. One is the opening of the tice on page 5 of the report there is the ties that I know of; 1 in Alabama, 1 in forest stand, which affects the remaining language "to an increasing number of Denver, Colo., and 1 in Illinois. They growth so that the subsequently developing soil-conservation districts." That lan­ have many land-grant colleges through­ trees may be unsuitable or of inferior quality guage would not preclude the use of this out the country with facilities which for timber. It also affects the good forest money for technical assistance to exist­ could be used in conjunction with the cover that helps to regulate streamflow and minimize floods. The loss or damage to ing soil-conservation districts? research laboratory. trees in recreation areas has proved a major Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Certainly . Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, will consideration on Cape Cod and elsewhere not. It is the intent of the subcommit­ the gentleman yield? in New England. Severe outbreaks have tee that this additional money be used Mr. MACK of Illinois. I yield to the brought a reduction in land values: Heavy to increase technical assistance in the gentleman. infestations of the caterpillars can make a Soil Conservation Service wherever they Mr. MARSHALL." I might say to the home or vacation property extremely un­ gentleman that I am sure the committee pleasant, and, of course, increase the hazard need it throughout the United States of of spread of the pest by the traveling public. America. shares some of his concern over this Mr. AVERY. If I may ask one further item. There is no question that some­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ question of the gentleman from Minne­ thing needs to be done from the Fed­ man, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman sota. We all know that in some areas eral standpoint to establish a laboratory from Kansas [Mr. AVERY]. there is a very critical need for increased because of the fact that the health of 8110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 the people working at these laboratories the only real solution to this problem check on everybody who lands in the in Denver, Auburn, and in Washington would be to relocate this facility at some United States. We did have that at one has been impaired because of conditions point removed from the highly populated time, but then we got into this spot­ at the facility. The committee is not area. Mr. Chairman, I am not going to checking business. Spot checks do not at all satisfied that the laboratory as offer an amendment to remove this ap­ work. Neither is it sound to let all these such should be in this thickly settled propriation, as I feel it is justified, but I things be taken aboard in foreign coun• area, for a number of reasons. We are sincerely hope that the Department of tries, particularly on planes and ships urging that the Department review that Agriculture will take appropriate action and then try to catch them after they particular matter and come up with the to locate this facility somewhere in the get into our own country. But. if you best answer. The committee has not Midwest. try to meet the problem by giving cus­ said that they shall not build it in Belts­ This also offers us a real opportunity toms all the money it, in turn, says it ville because we feel the committee to carry out the intent of decentraliza­ will have to have in order to do this work should rely on the best advice of the tion of our Government. We have con­ for the Department of Agriculture, it people working on this. However, there tinued to build up the Washington area. turns out that that becomes completely is a great deal of concern on the part Instead of locating facilities which could out of line with what is sound. After of the members of the committee about more logically be located in other sec­ going over this with all the witnesses, the placing of this laboratory at Belts­ tions of the country, it appears to me we think, and I think I reflect the views ville, in a thickly settled area, away from that this institution could serve its pur­ of all of us on the committee, that this the heavy animal population, and in a pose much better if it were completely amount would be enough to substan­ place where there is some danger to the r~moved from the Washington area. tially meet the requirements of this in­ public health of the citziens in this area. Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Chairman, I move spection service, depending on the time Mr. MACK of Illinois. I thank the to strike out the last word. element, if proper notice is given to the gentleman. There seemed to be consid­ Mr. Chairman, I take these few min­ embarking passengers in foreign coun­ erable question in my mind as to why utes for the purpose of directing a couple tries prior to taking off for the United they would locate such a facility in this of questions to the chairman, and also States. In other words, there was evi­ densely populated area. to thank the committee for its considera­ dence that if the passengers had notice Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Chairman, will tion of probably one of the most impor­ before they took this contraband aboard, the gentleman yield? tant, or two of the most important agri­ we would not have one-tenth the problem Mr. MACK of Illinois. I yield to the cultural problems in Florida today. One over here that we do. So this is now try­ gentleman from Mississippi. has to do with tbe' Mediterranean fruit­ ing to reconcile what we really need for Mr. WHITTEN. The research that fly infestation which was recently found the time being, but at the same time we was done earlier was done in one of the to exist in both Broward and the Miami­ are telling them to · review the whole departmental buildings here. Every ob­ Dade County area and the other with re­ thing and stop these things before leav­ jection that they had to using one of gard to the activity of the Department ing the foreign shores. the departmental buildings could be ap­ of Agriculture concerning the spreading Mr. CRAMER. I appreciate the plied to moving the project out to Belts­ decline, a citrus disease which has meant chairman's explanation and the fact ville. It was, therefore, our feeling as a much in the way of the destruction of that the committee has shown great committee that further study should be many acres of citrus crops in the State awareness of this problem. But, is it made of this location. We also feel that of Florida. I want to thank the com­ true that $500,000 that has been pro­ great economies could be brought about mittee for the serious consideration vided will be adequate to give 100 per­ if it were put someplace else. After all, which I know it gave to both of these cent inspection at customs in the areas out at Beltsville we have all kinds of all-important problems. But, ,I want in the State of Florida where it has been healthy animals and other research proj­ to direct these questions to the commit­ shown there is a definite need? ects which would be endangered, in addi­ tee in order to make certain that I fully Mr. WHITTEN. We feel that if they tion to human life. There is also the understand the program for the future. will get busy on this,. you can have 100 fact that you would be bringing 25 highly It is my understanding that there was percent inspection prior to working the contagious diseases close to the District requested of the committee $856,000 for matter out. It is our opinion that the of Columbia. the purpose of additional customs in­ figures submitted by customs, which is Mr. MACK of Illinois. I thank the spections, and I see on page 7 of the a transfer, or at least they were in my gentleman for his statement. report where the committee has actually own opinion, were considerably higher Mr. Chairman, I heartily favor the pro·:ided a new item of appropriation of than actually should be the case. construction of such a research facility $500,000 which is less than that requested Mr. CRAMER. You feel that these as I feel that this type of research is for the purpose of working out a pro­ funds are adequate to carry out the in­ urgently needed. I do sincerely hope gram for the use of this additional money spection? that the Department of Agriculture will to be transferred to the Bureau of Cus­ Mr. WHITTEN. I do. reconsider the proposed site as it would toms to develop a program which will Mr. CRAMER. I want to thank the be ill advised to locate this facility in prevent passengers from embarking in chairman and to say that as of last Fri­ the Beltsville area. This is a permanent foreign ports on carriers destined for day, as a matter of fact, 100 percent institution with an estimated cost of the United States with dangerous arti­ inspection has been put into effect in $18,915,000, and, therefore, it should be cles and materials and for domestic in­ the State of Florida. I have only one appropriately located. spections. I would like to aslc this ques­ additional question which I want to ask The committee report has questioned tion, Mr. Chairman: Was it the opinion the chairman with reference to the $1,- the advisability of locating a facility of of the committee, and did it have testi­ 500,000 contingency fund for the control this type in an area where it could be­ mony before it, as to whether this of the outbreak of insect plant disease come a threat to the health of millions amount rather than the amount re­ on page 3 of the bill. As you know, that of people in the event of an attack by quested would be adequate to provide has been a very serious problem in hostile forces. Nearly half of the ani­ 100 percent inspection by customs in Fl.orida with regard to spreading decline. mal diseases to be studied are transmis­ the future, it being my understanding Is it the opinion of the committee with sible to man. In the event of a hostile that since 1953 there have only been spot regard to that as well as this Mediter­ attack we would be endangering the in~ checks and it being understood that this ranean fruitfly problem that that con­ habitants of the entire area. This, I is one of the possible reasons and one tingency fund is adequate? believe, should be considered when the of the possible sources of this fruitfly Mr. WHITTEN. Of course, I may say Department of Agriculture makes its de­ infestation in this area. to my friend that when we agreed on termination as to where this facility Mr. WHITTEN. May I say to the gen­ this figure and on that sum, we recog­ should be located. tleman that the language in our report nized the problem that needed to be met, In the hearings, a representative of on page 7 probably expresses it much otherwise, we would not have gone along the Department of Agriculture stated better than I can here on the floor. But, with it. In our judgment, we think it is, that reinforced concrete was to be ·used primarily the point we make is this: sufficient to meet the problem of the in the construction of these facilities to We went through the customs an­ Mediterranean fruitfly threat which has protect them from bomb attacks. This nouncements and things of that sort. developed in recent weeks. The gentle­ appears to be entirely inadequate and We have been trying to have a thorough man, perhaps; is aware that it came to 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Sllf our attention after we~ had ·virtually The fly was first identified by scientists present administration feels so bitter to .. gotten ready to mark up the bill. But in the Department of Agriculture on ward former President Truman that it we did reopen the hearings to hear testi- May 19 this year. Immediate action did not recognize the great psychological mony and I call the a:ttention of the was taken on the two phases of protec­ value that his trip abroad offered to us, gentleman to the fact that it is an emer- tion needed to prevent spread of the in­ and did not ask farmer President Tru­ gency fund. · We told them it was ade- fection and further infestation. In­ man, in his present trip abroad, to take quate to initiate the program and we are spectors were immediately transferred some kind of an official status so that the l.ooking forward to their taking it up in to the State with -3,500 traps to deter­ full benefits of his visit and reception detail in the other body. mine areas of infestation. Ten thou- could be utilized in our own best inter.. Mr. CRAMER. Then it is my under- sand traps will soon be ready throughout ests. standing that you do contemplate some- the State and additional inspectors have Former President and Mrs. Truman time during the remainder of this session been transferred to the area. With the are going to visit a number of countries that a supplemental request will be made interest of the White House being ex­ abroad on their present trip. The people or, in the alternative, a request made in pressed, additional funds in the amount of the countries they will visit, most, if the Senate to take care of this, which is of $500,000 have been asked by the De­ not all, free from Communist domina­ recognized as an emergency problem in partment and approved today in the tion because of the leadership of Harry s. Florida. contingency funds to commence this Truman, will I am sure, show them their Mr. WHITTEN. I recognize that ·will worlc in the State. Additional supple­ affection by giving the President and probably happen. I would not want to mental appropriations requests will be Mrs. Truman a wholesome and rousing commit myself other than as I have here. made to meet the full need for fl.seal reception. This would initiate a program, pending 1957. While former President and Mrs. Tru­ the working out of the problem. In the second phase of defense against man are abroad on their first tour of Mr. CRAMER. I want to thank the further spread of this dangerous in­ Europe since the former President chairman of the committee for the festation the Department has set up dropped his official duties as President, recognition which the committee has $500,000 for 100 percent inspection by and while he is traveling in no official given to these two important problems the Customs Bureau which has already capacity, the peoples of the countries in Florida and in the future, when the gone into effect. Hearings were held they will visit will remember his sterling supplemental request is brought in, I May 9 on inspection quarantine meth­ leadership which brought hope and con­ trust it will be given the same careful ods for fruit shipment and will be eff ec- fidence to them and which brought to consideration. tive. this week on publication. Harry S. Truman the title of "Coura­ Mr. Chairman, 1 would take the op- I think that the cooperation and ac- geous Harry." portunity at this time to compliment tion of the Department of Agriculture Despite the fact the visit abroad is as the Department of Agriculture on its and customs is worthy of high com­ individual citizens, former President effective and prompt action in regard to mendation and I t2,ke this opportunity in Truman will keep uppermost in his mind the two threats that have faced the the discussion of their appropriation the doing and saying of those things that Florida citrus industry this year. requests in 1957 to make these remarks will be for the best interest of our coun­ Spreading decline-burrowing nema- and point out the sincere efforts in the try and the free world. tode-is an imported disease that is seri- past of this administration to serve in With or without any official status, ously threatening the great groves of the field of agriculture in a manner that Harry S. Truman is the best ambassador our State and, since its appearance in is beneficial and of high importance. of good will the United States has today. · the past 2 years, considerable research Their response to the need of a particu­ It is small leadership and petty minds and many control methods have. been lar situation in a specified instance in that fail to recognize this fact. effected. In conjunction with the State the sta:te of Florida is demonstrative _of In their trip abroad countless miJ .. of Florida the Department has worked the ~tt1tude of _the Department and 1ts lions of Americans wish former President· diligently to search out infected areas , officials at al~ times. . . and Mrs. Truman a most happy and and to control the spread of this diseac::e Th~ Committee on ~ppropnatio_ns has pleasant journey. ~ · certamly to be compllmented on its full Mr. WINSTEAD. Mr. Chairman, I One hundred ~nd fifty thousa?-d dol- realization of the needs of Florida in wish to take this opportunity to pay lars w~s appropriated from contmgency this instance in approving administra- tribute to my colleague and the very fun~s m ~seal 1~56 to make survey~ of tion requests. · able chairman of the Subcommittee on t~e mfect1on which .at the present time The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Appropriations for Agriculture, Mr. disclose, as of the 14th of May, that 878 gentleman from Florida [Mr. CRAMER] WHITTEN, and the entire committee, for acres of grove have been treated, 260 has expired. a job well done in bringing out this ap­ acres are re~dy for treatment and some The pro · forma amendments were propriation bill. 2,017 are bemg prepared for treatment. withdrawn I feel that this entire bill is a good Total infection is known to have spread i/Tr McCORMACK M.1 Ch · I to 7,000 acres of our groves. Depart- - · . · · airman, ~ one, and I am especially pleased that the ment of Agriculture requests for fl.seal move to ~tnke out ~he last word, and I committee has seen flt to recommend in­ 1957 now total nearly $500 ,OOO for fur- ~;~e~nammous con..,ent to speak out of creases for such vital programs as the ther mapping and other steps planned · . . . lunchroom program, which has meant to control spread of the disease and to The CHAD:MAN. Is _th~re obJect10n so much to so many people in every prepare for elimination of certain areas to the reque;:i\ of the gentleman from section of the country. With increasing and treatment of others. The State has Massachusetts. . . attendance and a larger number of fully participated in this program and There was no obJect1on. . schools participating, funds have be­ has appropriated $1,800,000 for the bien- Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. ~ha1rm~n, come wholly inadequate; to the Soil nium ending July 1957. the b_est ambassado~ of good will America Conservation Service for additional The Department has acted with sin- has 1s forme~ President ~arry s. r:r:ru­ technical assistance; the Agricultural cerity and dispatch in moving to our man. ~here 1s no person _m !he Umted Research Service; and the Extension assistance in this problem. We have Stat~s, m or out. of pubhc hfe, exc~~t Service. I am also pleased with their been assured of their continued sunp t possibly the . President, who coul~ visit insistence upon competitive sales, to­ as needed .. or other countries and attract and grip the gether with many other provisions which The M~diterranean fr 'tfl h _ imag~nation and interest of their people will be helpful to our agriculture, at this . . m Y as re and m a manner favorable to our own time when farm income is lagging far ~ently been discovered man area reach- country. For the world knows it was behind other segments of our population. mg from Pompano B~ach to Kendall on under the leadership of Harry s. Truman Since it is admitted by all that the the ~~st c~ast of Florida.. Those people that communism was stopped in its ef­ farmers of our country are in such seri­ fa~il;1ar wit~ the destruction caused by forts to dominate all of Europe, Asia, and ous trouble, I feel that this program this mfestation many years ago know Africa, and to bring all countries and will have the full support of every Mem­ how costly and dangerous it can be. peoples under the domination of the ber of the House. Millions of boxes of fruit and millions of Kremlin. Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Chairman, I de­ dollars revenue loss was suffered by the In the national interest of the United sire to join in complimenting the distin­ State by the previous infestation. States it is most unfortunate that the guished chairman and the very able 8112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 members of his energetic committee who fecting the general welfare, such as soil But this is no time for looking back­ have labored so long and studiously to conservation, agricultural marketing re­ ward to what might have been. We say present this Department of Agriculture search and service, meat inspection to that the subcommittee has been wise appropriation bill for fiscaJ 1957. This protect the general health, and so forth, in its handling of the problem, and we measure before us is o'bviously th~ result all of which have been thoroughly ex­ are assured that the funds sought are of the most studied effort on the part plained by the floor managers of this sufficient not only for the immediate of the committee, after extensive hear­ bill and I do not intend to intrude un­ emergency work needed, but to initiate a ings and the appearance of multitudi-. necessarily upon the time of this House total inspection program to avert fur­ nous witnesses, that could be exerted to by repetitious recital. · I very earnestly ther emergencies. provide for the full operation of the De­ feel that the overall content of the I also would like to commend the com­ partment of Agriculture in the greatest measure has been conscientiously de­ mittee's action in providing adequate public interest, while at the same time signed to economically promote our ag­ funds for assisting the State of Florida eliminating or reducing those items of ricultural concerns· in the. greatest na­ in its all-out fight against spreading de­ expenditure which experience has· dem­ tional interest, and I hope that the bill cline of citrus, caused by a burrowing onstrated are of little or no value to the will be passed promptly and unanimously. nematode which, in its long-range effects. general welfare. · Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise to appears to be capable of wreaking as · Among the great many important pay tribute to the great wisdom of the much disaster as the fruitfly. items provided for in this bill, there are· committee in including in the agricul­ This, too, is a vital matter; and I am two that have been of particular per­ t1,1re appropriations bill for 1957 emer­ happy to be able to state here that it is sonal interest to me over the past sev­ gency funds to combat the menace of not a responsibility which the State of eral years. The committee has recog­ another disastrous outbreak of an un­ Florida has sought to shove off on the nized the great importance of these welcome visitor to our shores, the Med­ shoulders of the Federal Government. i terns and very wisely insured their iterranian fruitfly. The record will show that the State gov­ greater application and expansion. This destructive insect, which threat­ ernment is bearing two-thirds of the The first one is the so-called school­ ens particularly a citrus industry vital cost of the research and control pro­ lunch program for which I have earnestly not only to the great State of Florida grams needed. advocated a substantial increase because which I am privileged to represent, but Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Chair­ I felt it was eminently justified. There will affect the economy of other States man, I want to express gratification for is, I believe, no better investment this as well, first reappeared in the southern the prompt action which the Congress country can make than attempting to im­ tip of Florida only a few short weeks ago, has taken to meet an emergency situa­ prove the health of our schoolchildren, Memories of a disastrous earlier inva­ tion in Florida which can have dire con­ the citizens of tomorrow. As we all re­ sion of the fruitfly still lingers in Flor­ sequences for the entire Nation and par­ alize, the number of students in our ida, and the first warning of its reap­ ticµlarly the southern one-third of the grade and high schools all over the coun­ pe~rance was answered promptly and Uniteq States. I speak of the discovery try has oeen steadily increasing and is unanimously by the Florida delegation of the Mediterranean fruitfly in Flor­ destined to continue so increasing for an in this House and in the other body. ida which was located in Miami but has undetermined number of years ahead. It After conferring with leaders of the cit­ now been found as far north . as west is, then, practical as well as patriotic rus industry, with officials of the Flor­ Palm Beach, which is in my own con­ wisdom to reasonably guarantee that ida Plant Board, we met with officials gressional district. As soon as the first these guardians of tomorrow's national of the Agriculture Department to out­ word of the discovery of the Mediter­ security receive during their school years line a recommended plan for control of ranean fruitfly in Florida was heard, the the essential foundation of health that the fruitfly·. State of Florida went into action, as can come only from an adequate 'food in­ Time was of the essence, for the fruit­ well as t.ne Florida congressional delega­ take during their most energetic days. fly is such nature that immediate and tion, which called upon the Department The committee has seen fit to increase urgent steps must be taken not just to of Agriculture to lend all possible aid. this item by over $16.5 million and direct­ wipe it out where ever it exists, but to I want to commend not only the State ed the Agriculture Department to take isolate it promptly when it is found, thus of Florida, but the Department of Agri­ other steps also that would appear to preventing its spread. culture as well, for the very fine co- adequately cover the situation for the I am happy to say that our efforts were . operation that has been extended and present at least, and the committee de­ not unrewarded. Officials of the Agri­ is continuing to meet this problem. serves the highest praise for this wise culture Department, recognizing as we Senator HOLLAND, who is a member of action. did that the fruitfly knows no politics the Appropriations and Agriculture Com­ In recognition of another serious prob­ and has no partisanship in its destruc­ mittees of the Senate, joined by Senator lem, the control and eradication of the tive operations, leaped into· the breach SMATHERS, presented the problem to the gypsy moth threat, the committee has to begin the fight against this deadly necessary committees of the Senate and provided a total of $2,295,200. It has menace. had the experts from Florida and the long been authoritatively judged and And similarly, the subcommittee on Department of Agriculture to explain the warned that if the insidious infestation this bill, under the leadership of the able extent of the· problem. Our own House of this type of moth is not controlled, gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHIT­ Agriculture Subcommittee of the Appro·­ it would cause even greater damage than TEN], has recognized the need ·for action priations Committee, headed by its very it already has to timber, recreational fa­ now to implement the plans of the De­ able chairman, Hon. JAMIE L. WHITTEN, cilities, fruit crops, and ornamental partment to control the fruitfly. when contacted by the Florida House trees. I understand that the increase in The committee has recommended, and Members, was most sympathetic to our this year's bill of nearly $2 million is to I urge this House to concur, that $500,- problem. The gentleman from Missis­ encourage the use of a new technique in 000 be added to the Department's con- · sippi [Mr. WHITTEN] took the unusual application of a most cff ective spray tingency fund for emergency insect out­ step of opening up his committee's hear­ composition which promises to complete­ breaks, that another $500,000 be appro­ ings, which had already been concluded, ly eliminate this dangerous insect and priated for transfer to the Bureau of to allow testimony to be presented to the that an excellent cooperative program Custom~ for 100 percent inspection of committee so that the emergency situa­ has been established between the Agri­ baggage coming into Florida, and that tion could be dealt with effectively. I culture Department, and the various $110,300 be added for increased inspec­ think this is one of the finest examples States and local governments and also tion at ports of entry. of showing how rapidly Congress can and private individuals and organizations. For many years, members of the Flor­ does step forward to meet those situa­ Certainly, such a program is _in the. gen­ ida delegation in Congress have recog­ tions which are in the national welfare. eral interest by promoting conservation nized that the present system of spot I want to commend the Appropriations of our physical resources and the com­ inspection of baggage is not adequate to Committee for expressing its concern mittee has again demonstrated their prevent the recurrence of the Mediter­ about the discovery of the Mediterranean patriotic wisdom in taking cognizance of ranean, fruitfly, and guard against other fruitfly in south Florida. The commit­ the situation. unwelcome visitors. We do not believe tee stated in its report: Of course, there are a great many other the fruitfly would be w1th us now had The committee is concerned about the re­ important provisions of this measure af- there been 100 percent inspection. cent discovery of the Meditei:ranean fruitfly 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8113 in southern Florida. ~t feels that every could infest all of the west coast area, with the recommendation that the bill necessary action must be taken immediately the entire tier of Southern States, and do pass. to control and eliminate this threat to the citrus industry of the country; while there is no definite proof as to how The motion was agreed to. far north the fly could live and exist, Accordingly the Committee rose; and In the appropriation bill reported from nobody wants to find out. This last in­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, the committee, and acted upon by the festation of 1929 was brought under con­ Mr. FORAND, Chairman of the Commit­ House, increases are given for $500,000 trol and completely eradicated, but it tee of the Whole House on the state for the contingency fund for emergency took 5,000 men~ 18 months, and $7½ of the Union, reported that that Com­ outbreaks of insects; $500,000 to be trans­ million, as well as the assistance of the mittee, having had under consideration ! erred to the Bureau of Customs for in­ National Guard. The pest was found in the bill (H. R. 11177) making appropria­ creased baggage checks to prevent im­ 20 Florida counties before eradication tions for the Department of .Agriculture portation of dangerous insects; and was completed. and Farm Credit Administration for the $110,300 for increased inspection at ports The present infested area is in Dade fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, and of entry. County in an 18-square-mile area sur­ for other purposes, he reported the same As I stated at the beginning, the Medi­ rounding the Miami International Air­ back to the House with the recommen­ terranean fruitfly has now been found port. The infestation has also been dation that the bill do pass. in West Palm Beach, which is some 70 found in South Broward County, on Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I move miles north of the first located infesta­ Miami Beach, and the most recent at the previous question on the bill to final tion in Florida. This means that the Kendall, Fla., which is 8 miles south of passage. problem is larger than first anticipated, the International Airport and in the The previous question was ordered. and I feel that we will have to call upon heart of the great fruit and vegetable The bill was ordered to be engrossed the Congress for additional funds when -district of Dade County. Indications are and read a third time, and was read the the full extent of the infestation is that new infestations will continue to be third time. known. Work is going ahead rapidly now found as trapping activities are extended. The SPEAKER. The question is on to discover this information. I feel sure Reaction and response of the local the passage of the bill. that the committee which has acted so people ahd governmental units have been The bill was passed. promptly in initiating a program to com­ prompt and willing, Growers and pro­ A motion to reconsider was laid on bat the Mediterranean fruitfly, will give ducers have voluntarily offered men and the table. the same careful consideration t0- re­ equipment. The . county commissioners - quests for supplemental appropriations of Dade County made available imme­ GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND so that this infestation may be com­ diately- $25,000 _for State plant officials· pletely controlled. and for the United States Department Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, com­ unanimous consent that all Members of Agriculture to meet immediate pay­ may have 3 legislative days in which to plete devastation of our Nation's fruit rolls. The State cabinet is making and vegetable crops could become a re­ extend their remarks on the bill just $100,000 available immediately and will passed. · ality if the Mediterranean fruitfly re­ supply for the State's participation a mil­ cently discovered in Florida is not com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to lion dollars, or whatever sum is neces­ the request of the gentleman from Mis­ pletely eradicated immediately. sary. The fly is now infesting fruit and vege­ sissippi? . A State quarantine on Dade County There was no objection. table crops at numerous spcts in both, was invoked, and a Federal quarantine Dade and Broward Counties, Fla. It­ :{ollowed. was first found April 18, in Miami Shores, Fla., . near the. Miami Interna-: Federal assistance and participation is MILITARY PROGRAM AND APPRO­ tional Airport. Pest-control experts of. needed and requested. Any quarantine. PRIATIONS IN MUTUAL SECURITY the United Sta:tes Department of Agri­ and inspection, to be effective, must be. · BILL- culture and others were immediately. under Federal control. This will re­ Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask rushed to the area after it had been quire the assignment of many personnel unanimous consent to address the House definitely ascertained that adult Medi­ during the entire emergency. In addi­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend terranean fruitflies were present. tion; in the national interest, the Federal' my remarks. I have high praise for those in the­ Government has a vital part to play in . The SPEAKER. Is there objection to United States Department of Agricul­ the eradication and control programs. . ' the request of the gentleman from· ture who went into action so quickly to ·The United States Department of Ag- Alabama? identify this menace and · to curb it. riculture has prepared a budget request · There was no objection. Check points were set up around the for funds to meet this emergency; and Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, the mu­ infested area, extensive surveying by· that the budget request is now being tual security bill, now under considera­ trappings is continuing· in order to de_­ considered by the Bureau of the Budget. tion by the Committee on Foreign termine the locale of the infestation. . I am sure that the entire committee Affairs, of which I am a member, is a Steps for eradication have already .be­ appreciates and recognizes the serious­ package affair that includes both mili-. gun. Undoubtedly, the Department's ness of this problem. We can't empha­ tary and nonmilitary programs. The­ recognition of the dangers facing the size too strongly that action must be military portion, consisting of tanks.­ entire United States and their prompt prompt anc:\ that whatever money needs guns, planes and other equipment, ac­ action will save the Nation's major crops to be spent should be spent to completely counts ·for more than 60 percent of the and untold millions of dollars. eradicate this pest. It is very obvious funds requested in this bill,-or approxi­ The Mediterranean fruitfly has de­ that $1 spent now will save hundr~ds mately $3 billion. feated all but one attempt by man to of dollars-later. The nonmilitary part of the bill is a eradicate it. It has won and stopped In behalf of the entire Florida delega­ collection of programs that go under a entirely fruit and vegetable growing in tion, I wish to express my appreciation variety of names such as defense sup­ Spain, Italy, Algeria, South Africa, to the chairman, JAMIE WHITTEN' and port, development assistance, and tech­ Egypt, Tasmania, France, Greece, Brazil, the members of the Agriculture Subcom­ nical cooperation. This year the Ad­ Madagascar, Hawaiian Islands, and in mittee of the Committee on Appropria­ ministration is asking Congress to vote the Holy Land. Crops can only be grown tions who at my request extended to us $1.9 billion for all of these, or slightly there if each fruit or host is individually the great courtesy of hearing this emer­ less than 40 percent of the new money bagged. · gency matter and including it in the requested. Only in Florida has the pest been record and their report on the Agricul­ The committee has been assured re­ stopped. That was in 1929. · The United tural Appropriation Act, although the peatedly that the military money in the States Department of Agriculture knew regular public .hearings of this subcom­ mutual security program is not only for then, as it knows now, that the Mediter­ mittee have been concluded for some the defense of our allies but is for our ranean fly has a capability of spreading time. own defense as well. Admiral Radford, and wiping out the entire crop of fruit Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Chairman, I Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and vegetables grown in the United move that the Committee do now rise told our committee last year that "the St ates. They know definitely that it and report the bill back to the House military aid program is part and parcel 8114 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 of the United States Defense Depart­ Department's appropriation he stated Today's struggle is no mere military ment program. The expenditures that- . struggle limited to the fields of Europe abroad in support of our alliances do not That aspect of the matter wlll be reviewed or Asia Minor. . This is a military, po­ differ in purpose, scope, or objective from particularly in connection with the reorgani• litical, economic, and technological race our own military expenditures. The zation which is planned, at which time • • • between two giants of the entire world­ fact that this part of our program is not a number of the activities of the FOA which the United States and Russia. The key included in the Defense Department relate to direct military aid will be trans­ to that race is supremacy in scientific ferred to the Defense Department. • * * I and technological manpower. budget is more a matter of procedure would think that the reorganization which and administration than of substance." is taking place would at least give rise to As Dr. Joel Hildebrand, president of This year Admiral Radford testified a reconsideration of that matter for the the American Chemical Society, said re- . that the mutual security program "is an future. cently: We are pitted against forces who have essential part of the defense of the The reorganization about which Sec- · United States and of the free world. In more land, more r~sources, more people than retary Dulles spoke has taken place. If we have. If we let them go ahead of us . planning military programs of the . the mere-er of the two military appro­ in education, the national disaster for us United States the existence and scope of priations was considered, it must have . and our way of life is inevitable. Our hopes the military assistance program is fully been rejected because this year we ·are lie in an enlightened people from whom ·we considered. There is no duplication. right back where we were last year. can obtain the essential leadership neces­ They supplement each other. Bpth are In my own judgment, funds for the sary to build the kind of world in which we essential to our own national defense." military program should be included · all want to live. ·Mr. Gordon Gray, Assistant Secretary in the budget of the Department of De­ And Gen. David Sarnoff, chairman of for International Security Affairs, De­ fense. I have reason to believe there is · the board of the Radio Corporation of partment of Defense, made the. point substantial support for this point of·view. America, put it this way: that "but for the military. forces gen­ Therefore, I shall ask the Committee on American security and · industrial erated, stimulated, and assisted by our strength-two goals which are completely Foreign Afiairs to include a section in intermeshed-are today dependent upon our military assistance program, to attain its report on the mutual secmity bill the same measure of military security in success in overcoming present shortages and strongly recommending that all military assuring .an expanded reservoir of scientists, the world our own forces would have to expenditures now included in the mutual trained engineers and technicians. This be larger." security program be incorporated in the hardly needs to be proved, it is so self-evi­ Mr. Gray threw further light on the future in the budget of the Department dent. There is no substitute for brains and close relation between this program and of Defense. practical skills in a technical age like ours. our own defense program when he in­ Such an approach, if adopted by the Automation, it is true, is advancing with · formed the committee . that our allies giant steps. But every step, if it is not to administration, will distinguish clearly turn into a stumble, demands additional "are getting more and more of the same between military and nonmilitary aid equipment that we have actively in the contingents of qualified personnel. and will give· the Members of Congress It is extremely disturbing, therefore, to hands of our own troops. Indeed, there an opportunity in the future to vote for learn that Soviet Russia is already turning are some items now in our programs or against a mutual security bill that out engineers at a greater rate than we do. which are being delivered simultaneously contains purely ncmmilitary items. It comes as a shock tq be told that if the to Allied countries and to our own troops, The legislative situation is such at this present tr.ends continue, the land of com­ where this is possible without impairing time in the·present session that it is im- munism will, within a decade or sooner, out­ the combat effectiveness of our own . possible to include the foreign aid mili­ strip the United States across the techno­ troops." logical board. · In the struggle between free­ tary money in the defense appropri~­ dom and communism now under way, this is I have attempted, as have other mem­ tion. But as a step in that dire'ction, and a situation that we cannot afford to view bers of the Committee on Foreign Af­ in an effort to overcome the bureaucratic complacently. . . fairs, to ascertain the reasons for not inertia that seems to exist, I shall also We have not, of cour.se, been viewing including the military portions of the ask the Committee on Foreign Affairs to it. complacently, Nearly every educator mutual security program in our defense ·consider the possibility of reporting this in the United States has spoken out appropriations since the expenditures of · year 2 rather than 1 mutual security about our falling behind the Soviet these funds are so vital to our own de­ authorization bills-1 military and the world in this most critical area of com­ fense. The answers that have been · other nonmilitary. petition-the education and traiping of given to date have not, in my opinion, Whether this moderate proposal is enough scientists, engineers and techni­ been satisfactory. acted upon favorably or.rejected, it will cians. We were told last year, and again this serve notice on the administration that We have had enough warnings. We year, by witnesses from the executive there ·is an increased interest in present­ have had enough speeches. But we have branch that the separation of the two ing foreign aid military money as part of had little action. military programs was due to historica_l our Defense Department appropriation. If the executive branch offers a pack­ Today I propose action. I propose a reasons. That is, of course, correct. age foreign aid bill again next year, it concrete Government program that will But it does not explain the reasons for should be prepared to justify it on lick the problem. . perpetuating the separation of these grounds other than historical. I shall not review in detail the dis­ two programs that are now rei;:ognized maying statistics that describe our pre­ as having a common objective-the de­ dicament so graphically. The full pic­ fense of the United States. THE SOLUTION OF THE ENGINEER­ ture can be found_iri the report by the Mr. Struve Hensel, Mr. Gray's prede­ ING PROBLEM Joint Committee on Atomic Energy en­ cessor, admitted last year that there titled "Engineering and Scientific· Man­ The SPEAKER. Under the previous power in the United States, Western Eu­ was much to be said for putting the order of the House, the gentleman from rope and Russia." Pennsylvania [Mr. HOLLAND] is recog­ military money of the mutual security But so that there need be no doubt as program in the Department of Defense nized for 60 minutes. · Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, the to the seriousness of this shortage of budget. · He added that he thought it scientists and engineers, I shall just could well be handled from the money · Western World is in a new, grave kind of danger. The West has many times sketch some of the most important facts. angle in that budget. Mr. Gray testi­ According to the Engineering Man­ fied this year that "the Defense De":" been threatened by military and polit­ ical domination from the East. But power Commission, the United States partment could live under either struc­ never before has it faced the loss of its needed 35,000 new ' graduate scientists ture" and noted that "nobody has ini­ leadership in science and technology. and engineers in 1955 to keep up defense tiated a change." Today that leadership is in the great­ work and to maintain our standard of Some of us derived hope last year est jeopardy. living. We actually got 23,000-lei:;s than that a change would be made when Sec­ In .fact, it will certainly be lost unless two-thirds of those needed. retary Dulles testified. on the matter we find new -ways to meet the new and With the advent of ~utomation and of moving the military part of the mu­ dangerous challenge coming from other scientific advances, our needs will tual security program into· the Defense Russia .. increa~e steadily. But there is little hope 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·_- HOUSE 8115' of filling the gap-unless· the kind of information every Congressman should . In America,, our methods of increasing bold, constructive action I propose today have. But it would take hours. our supply of -trained . engineers must is taken. I will be glad to furnish copies of the· conform completely to our tradition of While American output of engineers deans' letters and questionnaires to every free choice, and the measure I submit lags, the· Soviet Union has been expand­ Congressman who is interested in know­ today does so with meticulous care. ing its output by leaps and bounds. The ing what deans in .his district are Many of the incentives we can . off er Russians are now graduating 10 times thinking, · are intangible. As General Sarnoff put as many engineers as. they did· 25 short The deans were unanimous in their it: years ago. And with single-minded fa­ grave concern over the engineering We must rekindle in our youth that sense naticism they are continuing to expand. shortage. And they agreed on two main of adventure in push~ng forward the hori- . In 1954, they turned out 53,000 engineers reasons for our failure to produce enough zons of science, research and invention, and scientists. In 1955, the number is engineers. They must be helped to feel the thrill of delv­ estimated at 63,000-nearly 3 times as ing into the mysteries of 9hemistry and First, we are wasting our precious physics, of electronics, atomics and aerody­ many as were graduated here in the manpower in failing to enable many namics. They must be made conscious of United States. bright high school students to continue wonderful scientific worlds to be explored, And they are not inferior engineers, to college, According to Government mapped and opened up for the good of all · either. According to former Senator reports, only 53 percent of students with mankind. William Benton, publisher of the En­ an I. Q. of over 120 reach college. And Better teaching; especially in high cyclopedia Britannica, Russian univer­ only 40 percent of them are able to schools-an integral part of the -prob­ sity training is far more rigorous than graduate. lem-can bring that reawakening about. ours. It is safe to assume that the great We must also give the engineer in­ I am sure you all know of the desperate proportion of these intelligent youngsters creased status in our society, and we . need for engineers in American indus­ do not go to college because they cannot must stop treating teachers like nurse­ try, much of which is intimately involved afford to; and of those who do go, not maids and counselors at summer camps, in our national defense effort, in the enough go into engineering,. and again lift them to the position of development of jet planes, guided mis­ Thus we need to offer this vast, un­ dignity and prestige their responsibili• siles, and earth satellites on which our tapped reservoir of talent new incen­ ties deserve. very existence depends. I am sure you tives; first, to get them to college, and But the main incentives must be eco­ all read recently in Life magazine the second, to get them into engineering, nomic. Boyhood dreams of scientific ad­ elaborate recruiting setups large corpo­ ventures are vain unless the dreamer can rations maintain. These firms send their · My survey of deans found that the second big roadblock toward getting afford to go to college. Improved status agents to college campuses all over the for the teacher is useless in aiding him country, and almost always the number enough engineers is our shortage of qualified teachers of engineering at the to support a family. of firms bidding for students outnumber The bill I propose today looks toward the students available. As a company college level, and of qualified mathe­ matics and science teachers at the high these essential economic incentives to official said as he watched 400 firms com­ attract our best talent to engineering and pete for graduates of the Massachusetts school level. And because of the much higher sal­ to teaching. Institute of Technology, if the graduates Although the need is immediate, it was , had been divided equally, each firm would aries industry can off er, many of the best teachers are being lurE)d into in­ the deans' consensus that this acute have gotten seven-tenths of a man. scarcity could not be remedied by a crash Other schools give similar reports: dustry every year. As Dean E. J. Taylor, of the College program. Only a long-range program, At the University of Alabama, 475 they feel, will do the job. Thus, this firms bid for 1 class of undergraduates. of Applied Science, at Ohio University, put it: bill is designed not as an immediate, At the University of New Hampshire, miraculous cure-all, but a plan that will, 93 students were available for 500 jobs Our best young men, who should be going within a few years' time, return America offered. into teaching or research, are accepting em­ ployment in industry due to the large wage to its preeminence in science and tech­ At the University of Delaware, 75 pro­ differential. This is a grave situation, and nology. spective graduates were mobbed by 500 anything that can be done to prevent the The question arises, why a Government firms seeking new employees. loss of trained teachers and also to en­ program? We have had other sugges­ One more anecdote, as reported in the courage talented young men to enter the tions toward solution of the problem. Pittsburgh Press will suffice to show the teaching profession, should be done. General Sarnoff suggests a program. in­ cut throat competition which the engi­ Dean W.W. Haggerty, of the Univer­ itiated by private industry to give en­ neer sho'rtage has brought on: sity of Delaware's Engineering School, gineers a year's leave of absence at full "When a small engineering college per­ says his faculty lost six members to in­ pay in order to let them teach in high mitted a 2-day recruiting period on its dustry last year because of higher salaries schools. Bills now in Congress suggest campus, agents from 175 firms showed up involved. tax credits for those contributing to edu­ to compete for the school's 123· graduates. cational institutions and for parents who All graduates got jobs, and-get this-1 To replace them and to take account of in­ creased enrollment, we were forced to hire make tuition payments for their children. eager agent hired away from their firms new faculty members. All of these came These are all valuable ideas, but it is 6 of the other agents." from other schools or were recent graduates. evident that they do not offer more than Even if there were no Russia, this lack In other words, we merely acted as a train­ a small part of the solution. It is ap­ of engineers would be a serious bottle­ ing ground for industry for the six men who parent that private individuals and in­ neck to the expansion of our economy, left us. Stqce we anticipate that our fac­ dustry have not, cannot, and should not The Russian threat makes it crucial. ulty · will nearly double in size in the next be expected to solve this problem. It is a Why has America fallen into this sit­ decade, this problem will become increas­ national problem. What cannot be uation? And what is to be done about it? ingly acute. solved independently of Government, To get the best answers to these ques­ Dean Ben T. Bogard, of the Louisiana must be solved by Government, acting tions and the best guidance in drawing Polytechnic Institute, quoted an Iowa en­ for the welfare and security of all the up my bill, r went to· those responsible gineer as saying: people. In this case, only the Federal for the education of engineers-the deans If something isn •t done, industry will soon Government has the resources and pres­ of America's engineering schools. eat up its own seed corn. tige required for adequate and effective I wrote to the dean of every accredited Now what kind of incentives can we actfon. engineering school in the country. By offer in order to get more engineering In broad terms, what will this bill ac­ means of a questionnaire, I asked for students and teachers? complish? their explanation of the shortage and In Russia, the police state compels its First, it will meet our estimated future their suggestions for solving this prob­ youth to enter careers the State deems deficit of 13,000 new engineers a year.· lem tliat threatens America's national best. It conscripts the minds of the Thirty scholarships will be offered to security and industrial strength. young people as it conscripts their bodies. outstanding residents in each congres­ I would like to read· you each letter I May God forbid that kind of regimen­ sional district in the continental United received. Every one contains valuable tation ever holding sway in our country, States and in the Territories. This part '8116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14 of the program will become· a reality in note how carefully all control over him Until ·it is known how many gradu­ 4 years, the time it takes to turn out the or the schools he attends or at which he ate students.will enter the advanced fel­ first class of engineers. teaches is a voided. lowship program, that cost cannot be . Second, it will help meet otJ.r shortage The Foundation will hold exams in estimated, but it ts not expected that of secondary-school teachers. It will each congressional district early in each it will exceed by much the cost · of the offer outstanding engineering graduates year, beginning in 1957, for entrance into undergraduate program. the economic and professional incen­ college the following fall. Outstanding It is my opinion that this program will tives to devote a 3-year period to second­ secondary school seniors in eacli district pay for itself, not in money flowing back ary-school teaching immed-iately after will take the exams, and the top 30 will into the Treasury, but in increased graduation. be chosen. They will receive scholar­ know-how for the Nation. The fruit of The· professional incentive would be ships to the schools they choose, but only that increased know-how will be, not the promise of a 3-year graduate fellow­ on the basis that the school accepts the only improved national defense and ship leading to an advanced degree in scholarship plan and the applicants who· technological superiority, though on that engineering. apply. basis alone the expenditure is not only The economic incentive-to be applied Thus, there is no pressure on student advisable, but essential. both during the 3-year teaching period or school. Schools are free to accept or But this program wm also help win and the 3-year graduate fello~ship­ reject applicants on the same basis they the war against want, the ·cause of all would be a Government grant sufficient do now, insofar as this bill is concerned. wars. It will help bring about more to keep the grantee's income up to that In addition to exemption from tuition scientific miracles that banish disease of young engineers in industry. fees, each student will receive a .living and make life easier and more enjoyable. The number of graduates who would allowance of $100 a month during the · That has been the· payoff of American enter this 6-year program is, of course, school year. technological skill, not only for America, impossible to predict, but it is reason­ The school itself will receive not just but the whole world-a better life, con­ able to assume that 60 percent, or nearly the tuition fees for each student it ac­ trol over disease, and progress toward 8,000 qualified engineers will be avail­ cepts under this program, but the actual abundance for all. able from each year's class to enter the cost of training him. This provision If we act promptly to clear this road­ 3-year secondary-school-teaching stint; should encourage schools to enlarge their block, that American payoff to the world After the program attains its height, facilities for training engineers. But can continue. If we fail to act, we are it will furnish approximately 24,000 they need not do so, if they choose not to. likely to lose the big race with Russia, high-school science and mathematics If a student does satisfactory work, his and with it our chance to do anything teachers the Nation would otherwise be scholarship will be continued until he for anyone, including ourselves. without. receives his bachelor's degree. Third, the program will be of imme­ Following his graduation, the student diate benefit to e_ngineering schools and may apply for a graduate fellowship. .LEA VE OF ABSENCE engineering teachers. In order to help Under this 6-year program, he is granted By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ the engineering schools hold their facul­ 3 years of schooling toward an advanced sence was granted to: ties, engineering teachers at schools par­ degree, provided he first spend 3 years Mr. FRAZIER (at the request of Mr. ticipating in the program will receive teaching at a secondary school. PRIEST) for remainder of the week, on supplemental salary grants raising their During the entire 6-year period, he account of Committee on Un-American incomes to the level paid industrial en­ will receive Government grants sufficient Activities hearings in Denver, Colo. gineers with equal qualifications. to maintain his income at a level equal Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee, for Wednes­ Teachers will then be able to afford to to that afforded by private ind1.1stry. day and balance of week, on account of continue in their chosen profession, and , Again there- is no compulsion about official business. engineering colleges will no longer have the school at which the graduate fellow Mr. UTT (at the request of Mr. MARTIN) to worry about raids on their faculties. must teach, or on any school to accept for 1 week, on account of official business. These benefits will accrue to engineer­ him. ing schools and faculties as soon as the But he need not apply for this gradu­ program starts. ate work. He is free to go into industry SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Fourth, and perhaps most important or out of engineering altogether. If he By unanimous consent, _permission to in the long run, the program will even­ is held, it is purely by the incentives. address the House following the legisla­ tually provide a steady, increased sup­ I believe the incentives will hold him. tive program and any special ordeis here­ ply of engineers with advanced degrees Again, he is free to go t·o any school to!ore entered, was granted to: for both industry and teaching. The that will accept him, without pressure Mr: EvINs, for 40 minutes on Wednes- salary supplements will apply to these on either party, All the student must do day next. . teachers, as well. i.3 keep up his grades, as he must do any­ - Mr. PATMAN, for 20 minutes on Wednes­ . I shall not take the time of the. House way. All the school must do is-maintain day 'next, ·to revise and extend his re-: to spell out all the details of this bill, its scholastic standing. marks and include extraneous matter. but I would like to mention some other In a discussion of costs, it is essential Mr. HESELTON, for 15 minutes on today features. to recognize that money appropriated and Tuesday. This bill is, in effect, an amendment for this bill will go to develop our most to the National Science Foundation Act precious resources, manpower. It will of 1950, and administration of its pro­ be money spent to meet an imperative EXTENSION OF REMARKS gram will be in the hands of the Foun­ need. Nothing is too costly if it is essen­ By unanimous consent, permission to dation's Director, subject-as all the tial. extend remarks in the RECORD, or to re­ Foundation's activities are-to the de­ For example, 1ook at the billions· we vise and extend remarks was granted to: cisions of the National Science Board. are spending on our military establish­ Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania (at the But I should like to emphasize in that ment, our foreign aid program, our farm request of Mr. MARTIN). connection that a section of the bill spe­ program, and on other measures neces­ Mr. JOHNSON of Wisconsin and to in­ cifically for bids any Federal direction, sary. to national welfare and security, clude extraneous matter. supervision, or control over the admin­ In comparison, this program is a modest Mr. MuLTER and to include extraneous istration, personnel, or curriculum of any one. matter. educational institution. This is not a The cost of the undergraduate phase Mr. REED of New York and to include bill to control the teaching of engineering of the program is estimated as follows: extraneous matter. in America. It is purely and simply an $3 ,000 .a year per student for 13,000 Mr. Bow in two instances and to in­ incentive bill, to encourage America's students, or about $40 million for each clude extraneous matter. great engineering schools toward greater year's class. The teacher salary supple­ . Mrs. ST. GEORGE and to incll!de ex­ realization of their own goals; accord­ ments are estimated.at an .additional $23 . traneous matter. ing to standards and policies which they million. Thus, the cost of the under­ Mr. BETTS. ·... r.. themselves set out.- graduate phase would be 063 million in Mr. JENNINGS, Let us take a student from his first the first year, rising to $183 million for -· Mr: · HESELTON, his remarks today- .on examination to his graduate degree, and the fourth and succeeding years. the Agriculture Department appropria- 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8117; tion bill and to include tabulations, cor.. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB .. Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania: Committee respondence, and minutes of a meeting. LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS on Post Office and Civil Service. s. 3237. Mr. VuRSELL to revise and extend the An act to provide for continuance of life in­ remarks he made in the Committee of U:µder clause 2 of rule XIII, pursuant surance coverage under the Federal Em­ the Whole today and include a table. to the order of the House of May 10, 1956, ployees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1954, Mr. VoRYS and include a speech. the following bills were reported May 11, as amended, in the case of employees receiv­ 1956: ing benefits under the Federal Employees' Mr. PELLY in two instances, in one to Compensation Act; without amendment include a letter. Mr. WHITTEN: Committee on Appropria­ (Rept. No. 2158). Referred to the Commit• Mr. McCORMACK (at the request of Mr. tions. H. R. 11177. A bill making appropri­ tee of the Whole House on the State of the ations for the Department of Agriculture and Union. ALBERT) and include a compilation pre.. Farm Credit Administration for the fl.seal pared by the Library of Congress. Mr. SPENCE: Committee on Banking and year ending June 30, 1957, and for other Currency. House Joint Resolution 607. Mr. DINGELL (at the request of Mr. purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. ALBERT). Joint resolution to authorize the disposal of 2148). Referred to the Committee of the the Government-owned tin smelter at Texas Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Whole House on the State of the Union. City, Tex., and for other purposes; with Mr. JENSEN. · Mr. CANNON: Committee of conference. amendment (Rept. No. 2159). Referred to H. R. 10004. A bill making supplemental the Committee of the Whole House on the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June State of the Union. SENATE BILL REFERRED 30, 1956, and for other purposes (Rept. No. Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. 2149). Referred to the Committee of the H. R. 10285. A bill to merge production A bill of the Senate of the following Whole House on the State of the Union. title was taken from the Speaker's table credit corporations in Federal intermediate and, under the rule, referred as follows: [Submitted May 14, 1956] credit banks; to provide for retirement of Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of Government capital in Federal intermediate S. 3732. An act to provide insurance against credit banks; to provide for .supervision of flood damage, and for other purposes; to committees were delivered to the Clerk production credit associations; and for other the Committee on Banking and Currency. for printing and reference to the proper purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2160). calendar, as follows: Referred to the Committee of the Whole BILL PRESENTED TO THE Mr. LESINSKI: Committee on Post Office House on the state of the Union. and Civil Service. H. R. 9085. A bill to ex­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee: Committee on PRESIDENT tend ·the benefits of the Civil Service Retire­ Post Office and Civil Service. H. R. 11040. Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee ment Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, to A bill to advance the scientific and profes­ members of the civilian faculties of the sional research and development programs of on House Administration, reported that United States Naval Academy and the United the Departments of Defense, the Interior, that committee did on this day present States Naval Postgraduate School; without and Commerce, to improve the management to the President, for his approval, a bill amendment (Rept. No. 2150). Referred and administration of certain departmental of the House of the following title: to the Cammittee of the Whole House on activities, and for other purposes; with H. R. 8547. An act to revive and reenact the State of the Union. amendment (Rept. No. 2161). Referred to the act entitled "An act authorizing the Mr. VINSON: Committee on Armed Serv­ the Committee of the Whole House on the Ogdensburg Bridge Authority, its successors ices. H. R. 7992. A bill to enact certain pro­ state of the Union. and assigns, to construct, maintain, and visions now included in the Department of operate· a bridge across the St. Lawrence Defense Appropriation Act and the Civil River at or near the city of Ogdensburg, Functions Appropriation Act, and for other PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS N. Y." purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2150). Referred to the Committee of the Whole . Under clause 4 of rule XXII, pursuant House on the State of the Union. to the order of the House of May 10, 1956, ADJOURNMENT Mr~ LESINSKI: Committee on Post Office the following bill was introduced on May Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move and Civil ·Service. H, R. 3489. A bill to 11, 1956: that the House do now adjourn. amend the Federal Employees' Group Life By Mr. WHITTEN: Insurance Act of 1954 to bring employees of H. R. 11177. A bill making appropriations The motion was agreed to; accordingly Gallaudet College within its coverage; with for the Department of Agriculture and Farm (at 2 o'clock and 56 minutes p. m.) the amendment (Rept. No. 2152). Referred to Credit Administration for the fl.seal year House adjourned until tomorrow, Tues­ the Committee of the Whole House on the ending June 30, 1957, and for other pur­ day, May 15, 1956, at 12 o'clock noon. State of the Union. poses. Mrs. PFOST: Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. S. 3315. An act to amend sec­ [Introduced and referred May 14, 1956] EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, tion 5 of the Civil Service Retirement Act Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public ETC. of May 29, 1930, as amended; without bills -and resolutions were introduced and amendment (Rept. No. 2153). Referred to severally referred as follows: . Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive the Committee of the Whole House on the By Mr. ASHLEY. (by request> : communications were taken from the State of the Union. H. R. 11178. A bill to provide certain in­ Speaker's table and referred as follows: Mr. BONNER: Committee on Merchant creases in annuity for retired employees un­ 1846. A letter from the Secretary of the Marine and Fisheries. S. 3524. An act to der the Civil Service Retirement Act of May Army, transmitting a draft of propqsed legis­ give effect to the Convention on Great Lakes 29, 1930, and for other purposes; to the Com­ lation entitled "A bill to improve the career Fisheries signed at Washington September mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. opportunities of nurses and medical special­ 10, 1954, and for other purposes; without By Mr. BARTLETT: ists of the Army, Navy, and Air Force"; to amendment (Rept. No. 2154). Referred· to H . R. 11179. A bill relating to the north the Committee on Armed Services. the Committee of the Whole House on the one-half of section 33, township 28 south, 1847. A letter from the Attorney General, State of the Union.· range 56 east, Copper River meridian, Alaska; transmitting the third of the reports re­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee: Committee on · to the Committee on Interior and Insular quired by section 708 ( e) of the Defense Pro­ Post Office and Civil Service. H. R. 10368. A Affairs. duction Act of 1950, as amended by Public bill to amend the Civil Service Act of Jan­ By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: Law 295, 84th Congress; to the Committee uary 16, 1883, so as to require that certain H. R. 11180. A bill to provide that certain on Banking and Currency. reports and other communications of the retired officers of the Army of the United 1848. A letter from the Assistant Secre­ executive branch to Congress contain infor­ States who were advanced in rank at the tary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of mation pertaining to the number of civilian time of or after their retirement shall receive proposed legislation entitled "A bill to amend officers and employees required to carry out retired pay of the rank to which advanced; section 104, title 4, United States Code"; to additional or expanded functions, and for to the committee on Armed Services. the Committee on Interior and Insular other purposes; without amendment (Rept. By Mr. GREGORY: Affairs. No. 2155). Referred to the Committee of H. R. 11181. A bill to authorize the coin­ 1849. A letter from the Secretary of the the Whole House on the State of the Union. age of standard 50-cent piece in commemo­ Army, transmitting a draft of proposed legis­ Mr. LONG: Joint Committee on the Dis­ ration of the 100th anniversary of the city lation entitled "A bill for the relief of Sfc. position of Executive Papers. House Report of Paducah, Ky., and in honor of the late Thomas F. Callahan"; to the Committee on No. 2156. Report on the disposition of cer­ Senator Alben W. Barkley; to the Committee the Judiciary. . tain papers of sundry executive departments. on Banking and Currency. 1850. A letter from the Secretary of the Ordered to be printed. By Mr. HARRIS: Army, transmitting a draft of propo.sed legis­ Mr. LONG: Joint Committee on the Dispo­ H. R. 11182. A bill to amend the act en­ lation entitled "A bill relating to the _proce­ sition of Executive Papers. House Report titled "An act to create a Board for the Con­ dure for altering certain .bridges over navi­ No. 2157. Report on the disposition of cer­ demnation of Insanitary Buildings in thJ gable waters"; to the Committee on Public tain papers of sundry executive departments. District of Columbia, and for other pur­ Works. Ordered to be printed. poses", approved May 1, 1906, as amended; 811& CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= HOUSE May 14 to the Committee on the District of Co­ By Mr. THOMAS: By Mr. KEATING:· H. R. 11208. A bill for the relief of Edwarc1 lumbia. H. R. 11199. A bill relating to clerk hir~ of By Mr. KEARNEY: Members of the House of Representatives; to H. Turri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 11183. A bill to amend the act of the Committee on House Administration. By Mr. KILDAY: June 22, 1936, relative to flood control, and By Mr. HOLLAND: H. R. 11209. A bill for the relief of T. w. for other purposes: to the Committee on H. R. 11200. A bill to amend the National Wheeler, doing business as Winton Truck Lines; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Public Works. Science Foundation Act of 1950 to enco1,1rage By Mr. McCARTHY: the training of additional engineers and the By Mr. KLEIN: H. R. 11184. A bill to amend paragraphs expansion of facilities for engineering edu­ H. R. 11210. A bill for the relief of Maria 1773 -and 1774 of the Tariff Act of 1930 to cation by providing supplementary salary Rodriguez Gomez Garcia; to the Committee permit free importation of certain religious grants for engineering teachers and scholar­ on the Judiciary. articles by additional organizations; to the ships and fellowships for engineering stu­ By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: Committee on Ways and Means. dents; to the Committee on Interstate and H. R. 11211. A bill to provide for the ad­ Foreign Commerce. vancement of Bl"ig. Geri. Manus Mccloskey, By Mr. McINTIRE: ' United States Army, retired, to the grade of H. R. 11185. A bill to reorganize the De­ By Mr. KEATING: partment of the Interior by establishing a H. R. 11201. A bill amending section 500 of major general on the retired list; to the Commercial Fisheries Division under an ad­ the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, Committee on Armed Services. ditional Assistant Secretary of the Interior to as amended; to the Committee on Veterans' By Mr. SHELLEY: exercise all functions having to do with the Affairs. H. R. 11212. A bill for the relief of Alejo T. commercial fisheries, now carried on by By Mr. GREGORY: Tano; to the Committee on the Judiciary. branches of Fish and Wildlife Service of such· H.J. Res. 622. Joint resolution to designate H. R. 11213. A bill for the relief of Ignacio Department; to the Committee on Merchant the dam and reservoir authorized to be con­ MaFtal Romano; to the Committee on the structed on the lower Cumberland River in Marine and Fisheries. · Juqiciary. Kentucky as Barkley Dam and Barkley-Lake; H. R. 11214. A' bill for the relief of Marcos By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: to the Committee on Public Works. Sabuloan Jampas; to the Committee on the H. R.11186. A bill to authorize the con­ By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: struction of a shellfish research laboratory Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 238. Concurrent resolution to H. R. 11215. A bill for the relief of Paulino and experiment station in the Chesapeake establish a joint congressional committee to Bay area; to the Committee on Merchant Josue Elizalde; to the Committee on the Ju­ conduct a study and inquiry with respect to diciary. Marine and Fisheries. severance of diplomatic, economic, and other H. R . 11216. A bill for the relief of Jose By Mr. ROGERS of Texas: relations between the United States and the Garcia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 11187. A bill to repeal the act of Sep­ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; to the H. R. 11217. A bill for the relief of Mag­ tember 25, 1950, relating to the Old Stone Committee on Rules. tangol C. Polintan; to the Committee on the House in the District of Columbia, and to provide for the sale of such property; to the Judiciary. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 11218. A bill for the relief of Modesto MEMORIALS Erispe Tanoja; to the Committee on the Ju­ By Mr. SHELLEY: diciary. H. R. 11188. A bill to amend section 4 (a) Under clause 4 of-rule XXII, memorials H. R. 11219. A bill for the relief of Emiliano (11) of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953 so as were presented and referred, as follows: Jesmundo Magellanes; to the Committee on to permit the issuance of visas to certain By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ the Judiciary. refugees residing in the Far East; to the Com­ lature of the State of Massachusetts, memo­ mittee on the Judiciary. H. R. 11220. A bill for the relief of Eriberto rializing the President and the Congress of Chavez Abella; to the Committee on the Ju­ H. R.11189. A bill to amend the Refugee the United States to investigate and prose­ diciary. Relief Act of 1953 so as to relax certain re­ cute the violations of the civil rights of Amer­ H. R. 11221. A bill for the relief of Federico quirements for qualifying under such act; ican citizens in the State of Mississippi; to to the Committee on the Judiciary. Tamayo Dagdagan; to the Committee on the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. H. R. 11190. A bill to amend section 20 of Also, memorial of the Legislature of the the Refugee Relief Act of 1953 so as to ex­ H. R. 11222. A bill for the relief of Rodrigo Virgin Islands, memorializing the President Corope Alaura; to the Committee on the Ju­ tend the time for the issuing of visas under and the Congress of the United States rela­ such act; to the Committee on the Judiciary. diciary. tive to requesting the enactment of certain H. R. 11223. A bill for the relief of Marcial H. R. 11191. A bill to amend section 5 (a) clarifying amendments to the Revised Or­ of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953 so as to Mariano Yamio; to the Committee,on the Ju­ ganic Act of the Virgin Islands, approved diciary. increase the number of visas authorized to July 2.2, 1954, now under considerat.ion by be issued under such section, and to raise the House Committee on Interior and Insular H. R. 11224. A bill for the relief of Carlos the age limitation of orphans entitled to Affairs; to the Committee on. Interior and Odac Magahiz; to the Committee on the Ju­ such visas; to the Committee on the Judi­ Insular Affairs. diciary. ciary. H. R. 11225. A bill for the relief of Lau­ H. R. 11192. A bill to amend section 5 (a)' delino Tejada Avelino; to the Committee on the Judiciary. · · of the Refugee Relief . Act of 1953, entitled PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS "Orphans"; to the Committee on the Judi­ H. R. 11226. A bill for the relle! of Gaudioso ciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Trumata Macias; to the Committee on the H. R.11193. A bill to increase the number bills and resolutions were introduced Judiciary. of visas authorized to be issued to eligible and severally referred as follows: H. R. 11227. A bill for the relief of Godo­ orphans under the Refugee Relief Act of fredo Matados de la Cruz; to the Committee By Mr. AUCHINCLOSS: on the Judiciary. 1953, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H. R. 11202. A bill for the relief of Chu mittee on the Judiciary. Leung; to the Committee on the Judic.iary. By Mr. TEAGUE of California: H. R.11194. A bill to extend the time dur­ By Mr. BARTLETT: H. R. 11228 A bill for the relief of Dr. ing which visas may be issued under the H. R. 11203. A bill to direct the issuance of Ting Su; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Refugee Relief Act of 1953; to the Commit .. patent to Thomas C. Haley of Sitka, Alaska, H. R. 11229. A bill for the relief of Mrs. tee on the Judiciary. to certain land in Alaska; to the Committee Boyd Dinehart and Richard Reams; 'to the H. R. 11195. A bill to provide for the allo­ on Interior and Insular Affairs. Committee on the Judiciary. cation of certain special nonauota immi.: By Mr. BUDGE: By Mr. U'IT: grant visas which are authorized to be issued H. R. 11204. A bill for the relief of Ben H. R. 11230. A bill for the relief of Valente under the Refugee Relief Act of 1953; to the Wilson Robison; to the Committee on the Hernandez-Hernaµdez; to the Committee on Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. the Judiciary. H. R. 11196. A bill to amend sections 201 By Mr. BURDICK: By Mr. WALTER: and 202 of the Immigration and Nationality H. R. 11205. A bill to confer jurisdiction H. R. 11231. A bill for the relief of Aram Act, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ upon the United States Court of Claims to Peltekian; to the Committee on the Ju­ tee on the Judiciary. hear, determine, and render judgment upon diciary. By Mr. SIKES: the claims of Roy Cowan and others arising H. R. 11197. A bill to provide for the re­ by reason of the flooding of land in the vi­ tention in public ownership o_f certain lands cinity of Lake Alice, N. Dak.; to the Commit­ PETITIONS, ETC. around the Jim Woodruff Reservoir, Fla. and tee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Ga., being administered by the Florida Game By Mr. COUDERT: and Fresh Water Fish Commission; to the H. R. 11206. A bill for the relief of Han and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Hong Wang and An-Yin Chen Wang; to the and referred as follows: eries. Committee on the Judiciary. . 1019: By Mr. ASHMORE: Ptititions of Wil­ By Mr. TEAGUE of Callf~rnia: J3y Mr. FORRESTER: . liam R. Claytor, Jr., and 877 other residents H. R, 11198. A bill relating to the retired H. R. 11207. A bill for the relief .of Cyrus of Slater, Greer, Taylors, Greenville, .Simp­ pay of certain retired officers of the Armed B. Follmer; to the Committee on the Judi­ :sonville, Marietta, Piedmont.., Pelzer, and Forces; to the Committ~e on Armed Services, ciary. Travelers Rest, S. C., urging enactment of 195~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8119 legislation to prohibit the transportation of and orphans; to the Committee on Veterans' siana, urging enactment of the Siler bill, alcoholic beverage advertising in interstate Affairs. H. R. 4627, a bill to prohibit the transporta­ commerce and its broadcasting over the air; 1025. Also, petition of Clark W. McIntyre tion of alcoholic beverage advertising in in­ to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign and 41 otlier residents of Pasadena, Calif., terstate commerce and its broadcasting over Commerce. and vicinity, urging immediate enactment of the air; to the Committee on Interstate and - 1020. By Mr. BURDICK: Petition of E. a separate and liberal pension program for Foreign Commerce. W. Oste:r. and 89 other residents of Williston, veterans of World War I and their widows 1031. By Mr. VORYS: Petition of 45 resi­ N. Dak., and the surrounding territory urg­ and orphans; to the Committee on Veterans' dents of Ohio urging immediate enactment ing immediate enactment of a separate and Affairs. of a separate and liberal pension program for liberal pension program for veterans of World 1026. By Mr. NORBLAD: Petition of Mrs. veterans of World War I and their widows War I and their widows and orphans; to the A. R. Nelson and eight other citizens of the and orphans; to the Committee on Veterans' Committee on Veterans' Affairs. State of Oregon urging immediate enact­ Affairs. 1021. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of Stanley ment of a separate and liberal pension pro­ 1032. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Mrs. G. Dominikoski and other residents of Morris gram for veterans of World War I and their J. Watumun, Watumull Foundation, Hono­ Run and Tioga County, Pa., urging. imme­ widows and orphans; to the Committee on lulu, T. H., petitioning consideration of diate enactment of a separate and liberal Veterans' Affairs. their resolution with reference to urging a pension program for veterans of World War 1027. Also, petition of Charles Carson and joint congressional investigation of the I and their widows and orphans; to the Com­ 135 other citizens of the State of Oregon fluoridation of public drinking water, and mittee on Veterans' Affairs. urging immediate enactment of a separate the mortality statistics and high disease in­ 1022. By Mr. GROSS: Petition of George and liberal pension program for veterans of cidence in fluoridated areas like Grand Welch and 22 other residents of Waterloo, World War I and their widows and orphans; Rapids, Mich., and Newburgh, Mass.; to the Iowa, and vicinity urging immediate enact­ to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Committee on Appropriations. ment of a separate and liberal pension pro­ 1028. By Mr. SHORT: Petition of Herman 1033. Also, petition of Herbert L. Wiltsee, gram for veterans of World War I and their Thomas and other citizens of Stone County, southern representative, the Council of State widows and orphans; to the Committee on Mo., urging immediate enactment of a sep­ Governments, Chicago, Ill., relative to a reso­ Veterans' Affairs. arate and liberal pension program for veter­ lution adopted April 28 by the southern ans of World War I and their widows and 1023. By Mr. HINSHAW: Petition of James regional conference of the Council of State orphans; to the Committee on Veterans' Af­ Governments at Charleston, s. c., relating L. Orr and 44 other residents of Pasadena, fairs. Calif., and vicinity, urging immediate en­ to "rules of construction to guide the Su­ 1029. Also, petition of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. preme Court"; to the Committee on the actment of a separate and liberal pension Judiciary. program for veterans of World War I and Woods and other citizens of Purdy, Mo., urging immediate enactment of a separate 1034. Also, petition of the executive secre­ their widows and orphans; to the Commit­ and liberal pension program for veterans of tee on Veterans' Affairs. tary, the American Tariff League, Inc., New World War I and their widows and orphans; York, N. Y., transmitting additional petitions 1024. Also, petition of Guy M. Voorhees and to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. 44 other residents of Burbank, Calif., and to those sent on May 4, bringing to 635 the 1030. By Mr. THOMPSON of Louisiana: number of companies and unions for which vicinity, urging immediate enactment of a Petition of Mrs. N. J. Amy of Eunice, La., petitions have been signed relating to the separate and liberal pension program for and 12 other residents of Eunice, Rayne, and subject of H. R. 5550; to the Committee on veterans of World War I and their widows Ville Platte, of the Seventh District of Loui- Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Address by Hon. Edward J. Thye, of our development of the most destructive defense preparation. We also realize that weapons man has ever known. Within our the Russians are concentrating right now on Minnesota, Before Reserve Officers own Nation, we must gradually build our missile development. It is no secret that Associatio~ Armed Forces into an effective and efficient the intercontinental missile, when fully de­ fighting unit, but, at the same time, we must veloped, will have a deep impact on relations place a priority upon the factors which make between the major world powers. At the EXTENSION OF REMARKS up a peacetime economy and society. same time, an interceptor missile which is OF We are, as a nation, in the position of a. capable of destroying a missile already in man working in the sunshine with the clouds . flight will further change the pattern of any HON. EDWARD J. THYE of a summer storm in the background, future conflict. threatening to interrupt his activity. OF MINNESOTA At this point, I would like to make clear To maintain a proper balance between our that I do not view a conflict of major powers IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES search for peace and our preparation for a as imminent. I believe that all nations are possible conflict demands the greatest skills Monday, May 14, 1956 coming to the point where they realize the of leadership available. In President Eisen­ futility of war. However, we cannot operate Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I ask hower, we have such leadership. He is par­ on the assumption that peace is assured. unanimous consent to have printed in ticularly suited for leadership at this time We must protect ourselves against any pos­ because he, above all others, combines the sible outbreak of war. We learned very costly the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address type of statesmanship and diplomacy needed I delivered before the Reserve Officers lessons at Pearl Harbor and in June 1950, to build a foundation for peace, with the when the Korean war started. Never again Association at St. Paul, Minn., on May 5, vast experience which he has in guiding the can we afford to be caught off balance. 1956. military destinies of the United States and I should also like to take issue with those There being no objection, the address the free world. who state that manpower is no longer im­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The many difficult problems which we portant to our defense planning because the as follows: have at the present day, however, demand next war will be a pushbutton war and will the maximum efforts of all citizens in posi­ be over in a short time. No matter what ADDRESS BY SENATOR EDWARD J. THYE TO RE• tions of responsibility. That is why I am scientific advances we make in the develop­ SERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION, STATE OF MIN• pleased to have the opportunity to meet with ment of new weapons, we will still need well­ NESOTA, AT ST. PAUL, MINN., May 5, 1956 the Minnesota State Reserve Officers Asso­ trained manpower in all branches of the Never before in our history has the United ciation. As a veteran of World War I, when service. States been required to invest so heavily in I served as both an enlisted man and as an The Congress had this in mind when it preparing for conflict at a time when its officer, and as your Senator, I understand passed the Reserve Forces Act of 1955. The citizens are receiving and enjoying the your problems and recognize the importance passage of that act was a major step in the dividends of peace. As a world leader, we of your program in supplying the type of development of a strong and effective Re­ are in the position of leading the forces for leadership we need today. serve, which can be trained and schooled in freedom and peace in the tense struggle Our main concern right now is to estab­ methods of modern warfare. against Russia and her satellites. lish a proper balance between our manpower In drafting this legislation, the Congress This type of position in world affairs reserve and research into existing and new recognized certain fact,s which make the presents many problems which we have not weapons within the budgets established by faced before. On the one hand, we must the administration and the Congress. t"ask of building a Reserve force difficult. make every effort to establish friendly re­ The greatest possible effort must be made We might as well admit from the outset lations and a desire for peace by an nations in the development and research in the field that we are a peace-loving Nation and that and, at the same time, think in terms of a of guided and interceptor missiles. We have during times of peace it is hard to generate war which promises mass annihilation. We already spent millions of dollars in missile enthusiasm for an active .fighting force and must investigate all possibilities for dis­ research and development and will continue for a large Reserve. This is a psychological armament, but, at the same time, continue to make this program a priority in our hurdle which must be met. CII--510