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Omphiscola Glabra (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) En La Península Ibérica

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Omphiscola Glabra (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) En La Península Ibérica © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus , 37 (2): 209-217, 2019 Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) en la Península Ibérica Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Iberian Peninsula Beatriz ARCONADA*, Javier DE ANDRÉS* & Rafael ARAUJO* , 1 Recibido el 11-II-2019. Aceptado el 18-III-2019 RESUMEN Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) es un gasterópodo de agua dulce de la familia Lymna - eidae que ha permanecido ignorado entre la fauna malacológica española hasta que, debido a una reciente revisión de las colecciones malacológicas del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, se han descubierto unos lotes históricos procedentes del norte de la Península Ibérica. Estos mismos lotes ya fueron estudiados por ÁLVAREZ (1965), pero la publi - cación resultante describiendo la presencia de esta especie en España y su variabilidad con - quiológica ha pasado desapercibida para los investigadores. Con este trabajo se confirma la presencia en España de O. glabra y se amplía el área de distribución de la especie en Europa. Este trabajo constituye un primer punto de arranque para el estudio de esta espe - cie en la Península Ibérica y su futura catalogación como especie protegida. ABSTRACT Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) is a freshwater gastropod of the Lymnaeidae family that has remained unknown among the Spanish malacological fauna until, due to a recent review of the malacological collections of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid, we have discovered several historical lots from the north of the Iberian Peninsula. These same lots were already studied by ÁLVAREZ (1965), but the resulting publication, describing the presence of this species in Spain and its conchological variability, has gone unnoticed by researchers. This work confirms the presence in Spain of O. glabra and expands the distribution area of the species in Europe. This work constitutes a first starting point for the study of this species in the Iberian Peninsula and its future cataloguing as a protected species. LA HISTORIA DE OMPHISCOLA GLABRA Durante unos trabajos recientes de como Limnaea glabra Müller, Limnaea revisión y catalogación de las coleccio - glaber Müller y Limneus elongatus Dra - nes de moluscos gasterópodos de agua parnaud, procedente de diversas locali - dulce en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias dades españolas del País Vasco (Bilbao, Naturales de Madrid (MNCN-CSIC), se Guernica, Zarautz, Guetaria) y Galicia han encontrado nueve lotes etiquetados (Lugo). Estos lotes proceden de la colec - * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid 1 Autor para correspondencia 209 Iberus , 37 (2), 2019 ción Julio Álvarez que él mismo donó a búsqueda de otras poblaciones colin - la colección de malacología del Museo dantes. Este autor apunta a que el tipo (araujo, datos no publicados). de agua es un factor clave para la En la mayoría de los casos se trataba especie. Más tarde DraParNauD (1805) de ejemplares de Omphiscola glabra (O. F. describió Limneus elongatus en lagos y Müller, 1774), una especie perteneciente ríos de Francia. a la familia Lymnaeidae rafinesque, GErMaIN (1931) detalló las caracterís - 1815. Esta especie se describió como Buc - ticas conquiológicas de Limnaea (Leptolim - cinum glabrum Müller, 1774 en Fridrichs - nea ) glabra y describe su hábitat: “Vive dal, Dinamarca ( KaNTOr et aL ., 2010). Se principalmente en aguas fangosas trata de un gasterópodo que se distingue (charcas, estanques, zanjas), se hunde claramente del resto de las especies de su profundamente en el barro durante la familia por la concha alargada y por el sequía; son especies de llanura que no tamaño de su abertura. El material tipo viven por encima de 400-500 metros de está depositado en el Museo Zoológico altitud. Presente en toda Francia; poco de la universidad de Copenhague, Dina - común en el norte y el este, común en el marca ( DaNCE , 1986; KaNTOr et aL ., oeste y el suroeste”. También describe la 2010) pero actualmente está extraviado puesta como masas oblongas de 10-15 (NEKhaEV , S ChIøTTE & V INarSKI , 2015; mm de largo pegadas a objetos sumergi - pers. com. Tom Schiøtte). dos, con 15-30 huevos transparentes de En otros países europeos y a lo largo 0,6 a 0,9 mm de diámetro rodeados por del tiempo, se han descrito algunas una membrana pelúcida. La eclosión se especies que posteriormente se han produce a los 10-15 días ( GErMaIN , 1931). sinonimizado con O. glabra como La primera cita en España de la es - Bulimus leucostoma Poiret, 1801, Helix pecie la realiza GraELLS (1846) como octanfracta Montagu, 1803, Limneus elon - Lymnaeus elongatus y la refiere a “las gatus Draparnaud, 1805 y Limneus subu - provincias del Norte”. Otras obras mala - latus Kickx, 1830 . cológicas posteriores, como MaChO Esta variedad conquiológica se ha (1878), también la mencionan como visto también reflejada en la descripción Lymnaea leucostoma (Lamarck, 1822) en de distintas variedades, como L. glabra un arroyo en las inmediaciones de Lugo. var. elegans Moquin-Tandon, 1855, L. Estos ejemplares se indican como perte - glabra var. clavata Westerlund, 1885, L. neciendo a diferentes variedades: L. leu - glabra var. condatina ancey en Locard, costom a var. subulata Kickx, 1830, L. leu - 1893, L. glabra var. minor Dumas, 1895, L. costom a var. variabilis Moquin Tandon, y glabra var. bicolor Dumas, 1895 y L. glabra una “variedad semiescalariforme con la var. subcylindracea Germain, 1903. sutura muy profunda y el extremo co - autores como MONTaGu (1803), rroído” que no se nombra formalmente. DraParNauD (1805), r EEVE (1863), En el siglo XX, huBENDICK (1951) en DuPuy (1847-1852), M OQuIN -T aNDON su monografía sobre los limneidos (1855), r OSSMäSSLEr (1877) y LOCarD omite la cita de GraELLS (1846) y ubica (1893) aportan las primeras ilustraciones la especie únicamente en Europa central de la especie. y occidental. años después, ÁLVarEZ MONTaGu (1803) describió Helix (1965) estudiando algunas muestras octanfracta como una especie acuática depositadas en el Museo Nacional de pero probablemente algo anfibia, prefi - Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, encontró riendo en ocasiones la humedad en “cuatro tubos” de la especie Lymnaea lugar del agua. Considera que posible - glabra procedentes de diferentes lugares mente se trate de una especie nueva, de España: Bilbao, Guernica, Zarautz y puesto que solo se ha encontrado una Lugo. Le sorprendió mucho puesto que, única población muy numerosa en un según refleja en su publicación, hasta lugar fangoso al lado de la carretera en entonces no se consideraba una especie Cornualles (Inglaterra), a pesar de sus española. Queda entonces claro que esfuerzos de investigación activa en la ÁLVarEZ (1965) no conocía las citas de 210 ARCONADA ET AL .: Omphiscola glabra (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) en la Península Ibérica GraELLS (1846) y MaChO (1878). un año con uno muy ligero; las espiras están en antes de la publicación de su artículo, todos los ejemplares adultos en número Álvarez recibe dos lotes con ejemplares de seis y su color es muy oscuro casi vivos procedentes de arenal de Penagos negro con lo cual, el peristoma delgado (Santander) y hermunde (Lugo). Las que presentan destaca mucho por ser muestras de Zarautz pertenecen a Flo - muy blanco, así como el borde colume - rentino azpeitia (1859-1934), cuya colec - lar”. Según el autor, estas diferencias ción está depositada en el MNCN desde justifican la creación de la subespecie 1934; las de Bilbao y Guernica fueron denominada cántabra para las poblacio - colectadas por Juan Mieg (1780-1859), nes cántabras y vizcaínas. Por el contra - catedrático de física y química que rio, los ejemplares de Zarautz (Guipúz - formó parte en 1828 de la Junta de Pro - coa) y de hermunde (Galicia), mante - tección del entonces real Museo de nían más similitudes con los franceses, Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, y la de aunque eran algo más pequeños y Lugo, por Jerónimo Macho (1826-1899), tenían 7 vueltas de espira, una menos que le enviaba ejemplares a Joaquín que los centroeuropeos ( ÁLVarEZ , 1965). González hidalgo ( arauJO & T ELLaDO , ÁLVarEZ (1965) destaca los 4 ejemplares 2018), cuya colección también está depo - recogidos por Macho en Lugo cuyos sitada en el MNCN. juveniles, a pesar de presentar los carac - Tan solo 4 años más tarde de la publi - teres de la boca similares a los “centro - cación de Álvarez, aLTIMIra (1969) cita europeos, solo tienen cinco vueltas de la especie en unos “surcos para riego de espira” (Fig. 1) . prado, con aguas procedentes del río Según JaCKIEWICZ (1993) O. glabra Judán”, en Lugo. La llama Leptolymnea tiene una longitud de 14-25 mm y una glabra (Müller) y, curiosamente, men - anchura de 4-7 mm. La concha tiene ciona que es nueva para la malacofauna forma de rodillo, con una superficie sua - española, haciendo caso omiso a la vemente estriada. La concha es de color publicación de ÁLVarEZ (1965) y anterio - pálido a marrón oscuro. Las vueltas de res. a partir de entonces, las citas que se espira, de 6 a 8, crecen regularmente. La hacen de la especie son todas referencias última vuelta es un poco más ancha que bibliográficas. No se mencionan nuevas la penúltima. La abertura es pequeña, poblaciones ni se figura ningún ejemplar. ovalada, su altura es igual a la mitad de VIDaL -a BarCa & S uÁrEZ (1985) citan a la longitud de la concha. Como hemos Lymnaea glabra en su lista bibliográfica de mencionado anteriormente, la variedad los moluscos de las aguas continentales morfológica de la especie es grande, de la Península Ibérica y Baleares men - habiéndose descrito variedades como cionando a GraELLS (1846), B OurGuIG - Limnaea glabra var. subulata Kickx, 1830 NaT (1864), Á LVarEZ (1965), a LTIMIra con conchas mucho más pequeñas que (1969) y BrOWN (1979). la forma tipo y sin pliegue en el peris - toma ( bourrelet intérieur ) (Gassies en DES MOuLINS , 1855) . Este menor tamaño ha CARACTERÍSTICAS DE O. GLABRA sido atribuido al estrés hídrico que experimenta su hábitat durante una Según ÁLVarEZ (1965), los ejempla - buena parte del año ( DES MOuLINS , res de poblaciones españolas de O.
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