March/April 2007

PUBLISHED BY THE CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BUREAU OF NATURAL RESOURCES ● WILDLIFE DIVISION

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife  Volume 27, Number 2 ● March / April 2007 From ���������� � ������� the Director �Published bimonthly by State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection The Wildlife Division’s Deer Program www.ct.gov/dep Gina McCarthy...... Commissioner reports that the 2006 deer harvest was Edward C. Parker ...... Chief, Bureau of Natural Resources about 10% lower than 2005 due to a Wildlife Division variety of factors. This certainly was 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT 06106-5127 (860-424-3011) the case in the May household where, Dale May ...... Director Greg Chasko ...... Assistant Director for the first time in a long time, the venison supply may not hold Mark Clavette ...... Recreation Management out until next fall. For a family that prides itself on growing, Laurie Fortin ...... Wildlife Technician Elaine Hinsch...... Program Specialist catching, or hunting as much of its sustenance as possible, the Brenda Marquez ...... Secretary half-full freezer is unsettling. Shana Scribner ...... Office Assistant Chris Vann ...... Technical Assistance Biologist It’s not an issue of economics. The supermarket offers a dazzling Kenneth Metzler...... Natural History Survey Dawn McKay...... Natural History Survey variety of foods and smart shoppers can realize some real Nancy Murray...... Natural History Survey values there. However, I am preoccupied with where our food Karen Zyko...... Natural History Survey Eastern District Area Headquarters comes from; how it was grown and handled. Perhaps this is due 209 Hebron Road, Marlborough, CT 06447 (860-295-9523) to my farming heritage, but I suspect there are other reasons Robin Blum...... Habitat Management Program Technician Ann Kilpatrick...... Eastern District Biologist that run much deeper. At the root of it is a subconscious desire Carrie Pomfrey...... Habitat Management Program Technician Paul Rothbart ...... District Supervising Biologist to be as self-sufficient as possible by living in balance with Jane Seymour...... Belding WMA Steward the local environment. When I take a deer, or grow a peach for Judy Wilson ...... Private Lands Habitat Biologist Franklin W.M.A. that matter, I’m with my food from field to table. I know the 391 Route 32, N. Franklin, CT 06254 (860-642-7239) land it comes from. We share the same ground. On the other Paul Capotosto...... Wetlands Restoration Biologist Michael Gregonis...... Deer/Turkey Program Biologist hand, when I buy a pineapple at the market, I’ll admit I’m little Min Huang ...... Migratory Bird Program Biologist disoriented, if only for a moment. Howard Kilpatrick ...... Deer/Turkey Program Biologist Kelly Kubik...... Migratory Bird Program Technician Andy LaBonte...... Deer Program Technician My grandparents were farmers, and when I was young they told Heather Overturf...... Office Assistant me that they were not much affected by the Great Depression. Winnie Reid...... Secretary Julie Victoria ...... Wildlife Diversity Program Biologist While they certainly weren’t prosperous, the fields, woods, and Roger Wolfe...... Mosquito Management Coordinator streams sustained them like they always had, despite the woes Sessions Woods W.M.A. P.O. Box 1550, Burlington, CT 06013 (860-675-8130) of the financial markets. They took care of the land and the land Trish Cernik ...... Secretary took care of them. Fewer and fewer of us can say that anymore. Jenny Dickson ...... Wildlife Diversity Program Biologist Peter Good ...... Supervising Wildlife Biologist Our ecological footprints may have grown to unsustainable Jason Hawley...... Furbearer Program Technician levels, but how will we know it if everything we eat and wear Shannon Kearney-McGee...... Wildlife Diversity Program Technician Christina Kocer...... Wildlife Diversity Program Technician comes from somewhere else? Geoffrey Krukar...... Wildlife Diversity Program Technician Dave Kubas ...... CE/FS Program Coordinator So back to our family freezer. We will still have venison this year, Peter Picone ...... Western District Biologist Kate Moran...... Wildlife Diversity Program Technician just fewer meals than in the past. Perhaps we will cherish it even Paul Rego ...... Furbearer Program Biologist James Koert Riley ...... Field Assistant/Maintainer more. Hopefully we will enjoy a wild turkey this spring, along Laura Rogers-Castro ...... Education/Outreach Program with a fish fry or two and a garden full of fresh green beans and Laura Saucier...... Wildlife Diversity Program Technician Jim Warner ...... Field Assistant sun-ripened tomatoes. These home grown delicacies are not the Connecticut Wildlife only foods that we will consume during the course of the year, Kathy Herz ...... Editor but they are the most spiritual, connecting us with the land we Paul Fusco ...... Media Designer/Photographer Wetlands Habitat & Mosquito Management Crew live on. 51 Mill Road, Madison, CT 06443 Steven Rosa ...... Mosquito Control Specialist Dale W. May Daniel Shaw ...... Mosquito Control Specialist

The Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Program was initiated by sports- men and conservationists to provide states with funding for wildlife man- agement and research programs, habitat acquisition, wildlife management Cover: area development, and hunter education programs. Connecticut Wildlife contains articles reporting on Wildlife Division projects funded entirely or One of the first frogs to heard in the spring is the wood frog. The in part with federal aid monies. The Department of Environmental Protection is an affirmative action/equal male’s song sounds like a quacking duck. To learn more about the opportunity employer, providing programs and services in a fair and impar- first amphibians to come out in spring, see page 6. tial manner. In conformance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, DEP makes every effort to provide equally effective services for persons with disabilities. Individuals with disabilities need auxiliary aids or services, or Photo courtesy of Paul J. Fusco for more information by voice or TTY/TDD, call 860-424-3000.

The Wildlife Division grants permission to reprint text, not artwork, provided the DEP Wildlife Division is credited. Artwork printed in this publication is copyrighted by the CT DEP Wildlife Division. Any unauthorized use of this artwork is prohibited. Please contact  Connecticut Wildlife the editor at the Sessions Woods office to obtain permission forMarch/April reprinting articles. 2007 We Asked -- Connecticut Wildlife Readers Responded! A random 500 subscribers to Con- plaints or dislikes about the magazine. A as well as ideas for topics to cover in necticut Wildlife magazine were recently common complaint was that the maga- future issues. You should be seeing some sent a reader survey to help the magazine zine was too short and not published of- of these changes in the near future. staff assess what our readers expect from ten enough. There were several requests One important item we noted from the magazine and what kind of informa- to increase the number of pages and arti- the survey results is that the DEP Wild- tion they want. An amazing 364 respons- cles and change the publication schedule life Division needs to do a better job of es to the survey were received, providing to monthly instead of bimonthly. diversifying the magazine’s audience and some valuable input. The magazine staff When asked to describe what they adding more subscribers. How readers extends its appreciation to all of those “like most” about Connecticut Wildlife found out about Connecticut Wildlife var- who filled out and returned their surveys. magazine, many of the respondents noted ies across the board, but actually seeing Survey results indicated that the top that they liked the photographs, the short, a sample copy seems to encourage most interests of our readers are wildlife view- to-the-point articles, and, most impor- people to subscribe to the magazine. ing, birdwatching, backyard wildlife, tantly, that the information is specific to “Word of mouth” seems to help, too, as bird feeding, hiking, endangered species, Connecticut. quite a few survey respondents found out and wildlife/nature photography. Ap- about the magazine through friends and proximately 45% of the respondents are The Wildlife Division family. We appreciate our loyal readers hunters and 52% are anglers. who continue to help spread the word A large portion of the respondents needs to do a better about Connecticut Wildlife magazine. are interested in articles on mammals, job of diversifying the birds, and endangered species/nongame wildlife. The most popular Wildlife Divi- audience of Connecticut sion program updates appear to be from Wildlife and adding the Deer/Wild Turkey Program, Migra- more subscribers. Our J. FUSCO P. tory Bird Program, Habitat Management Program, and the Wildlife Diversity readers can help in this (Nongame) Program. Survey respon- effort by “spreading the dents indicated that they are interested in almost all of the regular or occasional word” about the magazine features in the magazine, like the wildlife to friends, family, and species and habitat profiles, backyard wildlife tips, “From the Field,” and coworkers. “Wildlife Observer.” There were not strong feelings either All in all, the magazine staff is way about eventually having full-color pleased with the survey results. It appears photographs throughout the entire maga- that most of the survey respondents are zine. However, it appears that respon- satisfied with the content of the magazine dents do not want full-color issues if the and they remain loyal, long-time readers. subscription price was to increase. Survey respondents gave some helpful Overall, there were very few com- suggestions for improving the magazine,

Comments from the Connecticut Wildlife Reader Survey “It fulfills a unique role in covering many, many aspects of the Connecticut wildlife/ecological scene. Keep doing what you’re doing so well.” “All articles and information relate to Connecticut where we all live and interact with the environment on a daily basis.” “There is a lot of variety in the subjects covered, so it appeals to a wider audience. I especially like reading about projects that enhance habitat and wildlife in our state. The close to home factor is a big one for me. National publications couldn’t do justice to covering our state.” “It educates both people who are knowledgeable of the outdoors and people who are less familiar with wildlife and the laws, and also the work and money provided by sportsmen and women.”

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife  Mosquito Control… in Winter?

Written by Roger Wolfe, Mosquito Management Program J. FUSCO P. In the fall, as the days get shorter and herbicides to kill the the nights get colder, people will often plant. In winter, work- say something like, “Mosquito season is ers return to these sites about over. The Wildlife Division’s Mos- to mow down the dead quito Management Program can relax for Phragmites stems. By a few months, right?” removing the stand- The answer to that question is “yes ing debris, native and no.” Actually, it doesn’t get any less vegetation is able to busy, but priorities are refocused, which rebound more quickly. can be a nice change of pace. By winter, In addition, it makes it the Wetland Habitat and Mosquito Man- easier to perform spot agement (WHAMM) Program does not treatments of residual have its usual cadre of a half dozen or Phragmites that may so summer workers bustling around the come back the next Madison shop. So, it does seem a little year. The Program has “slower,” only because there are fewer been averaging about people around. The staff does get to put 300 acres of Phrag- The end result of many WHAMM Program projects is improved away the dippers and winterize the ULV mites control each year. wetland habitat for Connecticut’s wildlife, like this mallard. sprayers, but there’s still plenty of work to do. Hour for hour, there is generally more time spent in the office and shop than in the field, but that time is well R. WOLFE spent. The list of what the WHAMM Pro- gram does in the “off season” is fairly extensive. The Program is responsible for more than just mosquito control. In addition to conducting mosquito surveillance and control and providing technical assistance to municipalities and the public regarding mosquitoes, Program staff members perform habitat management work similar to other units within the DEP. The WHAMM Program has specialized, low ground pressure equipment that enables staff to work in soft, wet areas where other conven- tional equipment cannot. The Program is involved in wetland restoration and enhancement projects in coastal and inland wetlands throughout the state and throughout the year. Projects can include This low ground pressure Posi-Trak mows autumn olive and other woody shrubs to replacing undersized culverts to restore restore meadow and grassland habitat in Sharon. tidal salt water flows, removing dredge spoil to uncover buried marsh, reclean- Winter also is a good time to review specialized equipment, the WHAMM ing plugged ditches that may be causing maps and visit sites to monitor success Program is often asked to assist other flooding issues, or excavating shallow and prepare for future work. agencies in need. The Program has pools and channels for wildlife habitat The WHAMM Program has recently assisted other DEP units, such as the enhancement. This latter technique also gotten more involved in other mowing Fisheries and Forestry Divisions, Agency is performed in areas of salt marsh that projects on state wildlife areas and pri- Support Services, and State Parks produce mosquitoes and is called open vate parcels under landowner agreements Division, as well as the U.S. Fish and marsh water management (OMWM). in conjunction with the Wildlife Divi- Wildlife Service’s Stewart B. McKinney Connecticut has been involved with sion’s Habitat Management Program. National Wildlife Refuge. OMWM since the 1980s. The objective is to mow woody shrubs While working in the trenches is In fall, the WHAMM Program and and small trees to set back succession for rewarding work, these wetland projects its contractors focus their attention on a number of declining wildlife species are not all fun and games. There is a controlling the invasive common reed, that rely on open grassland habitats. good deal of administrative work that also known as Phragmites, by using Because of its dedicated crew and needs to be done before one scoop of dirt

 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 can be dug. Any excavation activity in the wetlands of Connecticut needs to be

reviewed and permitted by the DEP and R. WOLFE (2) Army Corps of Engineers. WHAMM Program staff members need to hold site reviews, fill out permit applications, work with landowners, sometimes pres- ent proposals to stakeholders and at town meetings, and, in many cases, seek fund- ing to pay for the work. Much goes on behind the scenes before the equipment shows up on site. Winter is a good time to address these issues so that funding sources are identified and permits are in hand when warm weather returns. For its small size, the WHAMM Pro- gram has a sizeable fleet of conventional and specialized construction equipment which are used – a lot. With such use (and often in harsh conditions, such as salt water) comes the need to main- tain and occasionally repair or replace worn out and broken parts. Not only are The WHAMM Program worked with the City of East Haven to install culverts and excavate the crew members talented equipment channels to restore tidal flow to a marsh. operators, but they are very capable of trouble-shooting, repairing, welding, wetland restoration. Somewhat surpris- quito larvae until spring. or otherwise fixing most equipment ingly, staff members often get letters, Getting back to the question, “What problems that come up. Winter is a good emails, and telephone calls from citizens do you do in winter?” The answer is time to power wash and paint, replace concerned about next year’s mosquitoes. “Plenty.” The work load doesn’t get worn out parts, and perform general They are glad to respond to such requests lighter, it just shifts. Soon enough maintenance. If a repair job is beyond but, despite people’s eagerness to get the though, the WHAMM Program will be their capabilities, the crew seeks vendors jump on next year, properties cannot be back out looking for skeeters. who can perform the larger repair work. surveyed for standing water and mos- Crew members also inventory herbi- cides, mosquito pesticides, and field supplies, restocking any supplies needed for the next season. Other aspects, such as ecologi- cal monitoring, research, and public outreach, also are performed by members of the WHAMM Program. Winter is a good time for writ- ing (case in point) and reviewing information collected over the sum- mer. Environmental data collected earlier in the year at past and current project sites are tabulated and evaluated. Maps and aerial photo- graphs of sites are reviewed to help monitor project recovery and adjust management strategies, as needed, to help ensure project success. The results of research and manage- ment findings are often presented at scientific and technical meetings that are usually held throughout winter and early spring. Other presentations also are made to civic groups, municipal entities, students, and other organizations to instruct, train, and otherwise educate them A wide-tracked excavator creates shallow pools and channels to eliminate mosquito breeding and about mosquito management and enhance wildlife habitat.

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife  Be on the Lookout for Frogs and Salamanders in Spring Most of Connecticut’s frog and from their forested homes to vernal laid their eggs. Spring peepers can be salamander species are rarely seen by pools. The males float in the water and identified by the X-shaped dark mark people. That is because, as adults, they “quack” all night long to attract females. on their back. They lay up to 800 eggs, spend most of their time in forested Within a few days, the frogs lay their attaching them singly or in small groups areas, living under rocks and fallen logs eggs and then travel back to their forest to underwater plants. The eggs hatch and in underground burrows. The best homes. Each female lays up to 2,000 into tadpoles within one week, and the time to see some of these creatures is in eggs that are stuck together in a big tadpoles change into frogs by August or spring when they move to wet areas to jelly-like mass, about the size of a tennis September. They then travel to the forest lay their eggs. These wet areas include ball. The eggs hatch into tadpoles in to live in the leaf litter. ponds, ditches, marshes, and a special about three weeks. The tadpoles are in a Compared to frogs, salamanders have but little known habitat called a vernal race against time. They have to find food smooth skin, a long tail, and they do not pool. A vernal pool is a low spot in a (algae and bacteria), grow, avoid being make sounds. A common salamander forest or meadow that temporarily fills eaten, and begin to develop into frogs found in Connecticut is the spotted sala- with water during winter and spring and before their temporary pools dry up. By mander. It spends most of its life in the then dries out in a few months. It can be September, the tadpoles have trans- leaf litter, under logs, or in underground big or small. Because these pools dry up, formed into tiny wood frogs that then burrows. However, with the arrival of fish cannot live in them and eat the eggs travel into the forest to find a home under warm temperatures and rain, mainly in laid by frogs and salamanders. a log or rock or in the leaf litter. March and April, spotted salamanders If you know the location of a vernal The other noisy frog that can be head for vernal pools and other tempo- pool or other wet area, you can watch for heard in spring is the spring peeper. rary ponds by the hundreds or thousands. the annual salamander and frog migra- Many are surprised that such a small The males and females perform court- tion. On the first warm, rainy night of frog can make so much noise. Its call is ship dances in the water before the eggs spring, usually in March, you may see a “peep-peep,” but in a large group the are laid. Salamander eggs look like globs wood frogs, spring peepers, and spotted calls sound like sleigh bells. Peepers will of jelly and are usually attached in one salamanders making their way from the start to call around dusk and continue large ball (of up to 250 eggs) to twigs woods to the water to lay eggs. calling all night. The males will often under the water. Once the larvae hatch, The noisiest amphibians are the call for weeks after the females have they must develop quickly into young frogs. The first frog to be heard in spring salamanders before the pools dry up. is the wood frog. The male’s song sounds Jefferson salamanders also travel like a quacking duck. Wood frogs are from their woodland homes to vernal brown and about two-and-a-half inches pools during early spring to lay sau- long, with a raccoon-like mask. On a sage-shaped egg masses of 30 or more rainy spring night, wood frogs travel eggs. The Jefferson salamander is only found in a few areas west of the Con- necticut River. It is a species of special concern in Connecticut. Vernal pools are often referred to

P. J. FUSCO (2) P. as “hidden wetlands” because they are usually tucked away in a forest. It is difficult to protect these important ar- eas as no specific protection exists for vernal pool habitats at state and local lev- els. Land development poses the greatest threat to vernal pools and the animals that depend on them. Once a vernal pool is destroyed, the frogs and salamanders will die out because they do not migrate to find other wet areas. Private steward- ship of vernal pool habitats is a very effective protective action. Frogs and salamanders should not be moved from one pool to another. Each population is different and should not be mixed. The frogs and salamanders that use vernal pools and other wetlands have to travel across land to reach the pools. Often times that involves crossing roads. And, when they cross roads on dark, A vernal pool usually fills with water in late winter-early spring, just in time for wood frogs to rainy nights, countless frogs and sala- lay their eggs (see inset). The pool may not even be noticeable by late summer after the water manders are killed every year. has dried up and the young frogs have traveled to nearby woodlands to live.

 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 Another LIP Project Gets Underway in Groton Written by Judy Wilson, LIP Coordinator A Landowner Incentive Program (LIP) project is cur- rently underway at the Avalonia Land Conservancy, Inc., in Groton. A heavy-duty tree and brush mulcher mounted J. WILSON on a tracked excavator, called a brontosaurus, is being used to mulch a tangle of invasive exotic vines and shrubs, including bittersweet, honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and euonymus. Also planned for removal are overtopping hardwoods that are shading out the numerous red cedar trees which once dominated this old, grassy pasture. Once the selected trees and invasive plants are removed by the brontosaurus, the Avalonia Land Conservancy will work to keep the area in an early successional stage, comprised of grasses, herbaceous growth, and red cedars. LIP funds that were awarded to the Conservancy in 2005 are paying for 75% of the cost of this $12,800 project. The required non-federal match of 25% is being met through work performed by the Conservancy, such as informing all abutting landowners in this suburban neigh- borhood about the purpose of the project, oversight of the A heavy-duty tree and brush mulcher mounted on a track excavator, called a brontosaurus, mulches a tangle of exotic vines and shrubs at project to ensure the safety of property users when heavy the Avalonia Land Conservancy in Groton. Once the invasive plants are equipment is in use, and follow-up clearing of large trees in removed, the Conservancy will maintain the area as early successional the project area when the brontosaurus work is completed. stage habitat. More LIP Projects in the Works Another early successional habitat project is expected to begin shortly at the Newtown Fish and Game Club in New Milford. LIP staff is also drafting DEP project proposals so that whole tree harvesting projects can be implemented at the Pequot Fish and Game Club, Inc., in Newtown, and the East Glastonbury Fish and Game Association, Inc., to create more seedling/sapling habitat on both properties.

DEP Launches New Web Site New and Expanded Information Now Available On-line The DEP recently launched its new One of the new topics under the and planning. Encouraging, supporting web site - www.ct.gov/dep - that offers main menu is “Environmental Protection and promoting informed land use and more detailed and complete information Begins with You” which provides infor- development decisions is a complex but about agency programs and initiatives mation for individuals about what they important challenge. To address this and other environmental issues. can do to help protect the environment challenge, the DEP last year launched “The DEP web site has been rede- at home, at work, and in the community. the Landscape Stewardship Initiative to signed to be consistent with other state Another new page focuses on Public better coordinate and focus the many agencies and to make it easier for the Participation - pulling together in one Department programs that influence land general public to navigate,” said DEP place links to the DEP Calendar, Volun- development. Commissioner Gina McCarthy. “We teer Opportunities, News Releases, and Visitors to the DEP web site can increased the amount of information more. Also now available are all DEP subscribe to receive e-Alerts when new available on our web site to better work regulations, and all agency-issued public public notices are posted. Over time new with businesses and individuals in our notices, including notices for proposed subscription categories will be added. mission to encourage the social and eco- regulations, and proposed general and To submit any comments or sugges- nomic development of Connecticut while individual permits. tions concerning the new DEP web site, preserving the natural environment. The The new web site also better re- please e-mail the DEP Webmaster at dep. web site also provides a more compre- flects the priorities of the agency. A new [email protected]. hensive and ‘topic oriented’ approach section on the web site was created, to agency information, making it more for instance, to address land resources ‘user friendly’.” Visit the DEP’s new and improved web site: www.ct.gov/dep. To go directly to the Wildlife Division’s section of the web site: www.ct.gov/dep/wildlife

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife  You Can Help Waterfowl by NOT Feeding Them! Connecticut provides important breeding and wintering habitat for ap- Getting the Message Out proximately 30 waterfowl species. Our state abounds with numerous coastal and The DEP Wildlife Division received grants from the Long Island Sound Future Fund and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to develop informational signs inland areas that are very important to and brochures to educate Connecticut citizens about the dangers of feeding wild ducks and geese. Connecticut’s natural waterfowl at local lakes, ponds, and waterways. The Division designed and printed 200 resources provide waterfowl with the signs that are being distributed to coastal towns. These signs will be installed at areas proper nutrients they need throughout where waterfowl feeding is a problem. Four-color brochures also were printed and will the year. Waterfowl have evolved to mi- be given to coastal towns to distribute to the public. grate extraordinary distances without the The accompanying article is a reprint of the brochure entitled “Do Not Feed Waterfowl.” The Wildlife Division wants to encourage those who regularly feed waterfowl to stop assistance of people. Artificial feeding this destructive practice for the sake of Connecticut’s native waterfowl populations. can delay this natural phenomenon and Help keep the “wild” in wildlife by not feeding waterfowl. encourage some birds to overstay their welcome. waterfowl in relatively confined areas increasing the probability of hybridiza- Feeding Causes Problems for All also can be responsible for triggering tion between them. This leads to the Feeding creates numerous problems, algal blooms, resulting in elevated fecal weakening of the gene pool and the not only for people, but also for the coliform bacteria and nutrients in the overall integrity of the wild waterfowl birds. Well-intentioned people errone- water. These factors cause some of our population. Allow our waterfowl to stay ously believe that feeding is beneficial favorite and most popular recreational wild by not feeding them! to waterfowl, but it often has negative areas to become unusable for animals ecological, environmental, and social and humans. How You Can Help consequences. Feeding may result in malnourished l DO NOT FEED WATERFOWL! Feeding waterfowl low quality foods, birds competing for food in crowded, Waterfowl are wild birds that can such as bread, chips, or popcorn, does unsanitary areas. Diseases, such as avian locate natural food sources throughout not provide the birds with the necessary cholera, avian influenza, botulism, and the year. Supplemental feeding by nutrients they need for survival. Feed- duck viral enteritis, thrive when these people is unnecessary and potentially ing often results in dietary deficiencies conditions are present. Aspergillosis is harmful. in wild birds. Waterfowl rely on specific a fatal disease that kills waterfowl when l Educate others about the negative nutrients in natural foods to carry on they eat moldy, rotting grain products. impacts of feeding waterfowl and important biological processes. Numer- All of these diseases have the potential to discourage the practice when possible. ous problems can arise when birds are kill large numbers of waterfowl. fed low quality food. They may become l Contact your local government and malnourished or deficient of vital nutri- Feeding Increases Conflicts encourage the implementation of a no ents, resulting in: Feeding draws birds to areas where feeding policy in your community. l the development of deformed wings conflicts with humans can arise. The l Numerous organizations are working (propeller wings); constant interaction between humans together to restore Connecticut’s and l a decrease in reproductive rates; and waterfowl causes the birds to lose the nation’s wetlands, making them beneficial for waterfowl. It is impor- l an increased susceptibility to their apprehension of people and their tant for all of us to concentrate our ef- predation; surroundings. Wild animals rely on their instinctive sense of fear for survival. The forts on these types of projects because l the loss of flight ability; loss of a bird’s fear towards humans of- habitat, not feeding, is what guarantees l lowered energy; ten results in the bird exhibiting danger- the future of waterfowl. Support the l lowered life expectancy. ous and unpredictable behavior towards efforts of federal, state, and private people. Public safety also becomes an organizations to conserve waterfowl Feeding Areas Are Unsanitary issue when birds congregate near heavily and habitat. Volunteer and participate and Harbor Diseases traveled areas, increasing the likelihood in research that pertains to waterfowl. Most areas where the public feeding of a vehicle strike. l Purchase Connecticut or federal Duck of waterfowl occurs cannot sustain the Corporations, municipalities, and Stamps to help with the purchase large concentration of birds that often private landowners often spend large and restoration of natural habitat for gather there. This ultimately leads to the amounts of money to alleviate problems waterfowl. Since initiation of the Con- accumulation of droppings and feathers, with waterfowl that are often caused by necticut Duck Stamp Program in 1993, overgrazing of vegetation, soil erosion, people feeding these birds. By not feed- funds have been used for the restora- and unsanitary conditions. Waterfowl ing waterfowl, you are allowing the birds tion and enhancement of over 1,700 also act as hosts for numerous bacterial to use our state’s natural areas to our acres of inland and tidal wetlands and agents, including the organism that is benefit and theirs. the acquisition of important upland responsible for swimmer’s itch. Feeding buffer areas associated with wetlands. waterfowl can exacerbate this prob- Feeding Weakens the Gene Pool lem by concentrating potential hosts Artificial feeding concentrates do- in swimming areas. Large numbers of mestic and wild waterfowl, significantly

 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 P. J. FUSCO P.

Monitoring Breeding Woodland Raptors in Connecticut Written by Shannon Kearney-McGee, Wildlife Diversity Program Very little is known about the popula- Increasing the Ability to Detect locations, and verification of publicly tion status of many of Connecticut’s Species reported raptor nests were conducted at woodland raptors. Therefore, the DEP To increase the ability to detect 18 locations. Nests were confirmed at 29 Wildlife Division initiated woodland secretive species, like woodland rap- locations. These nest locations will be raptor surveys in 2004. Data collected tors, surveyors broadcast pre-recorded used by Wildlife Division biologists to through these surveys will be used to bet- calls. Surveys in 2006 used two different assess woodland raptor nesting success. ter understand the population status and callback recordings so as to determine habitat requirements of raptors through- which callback was more effective. Get Involved! out the state. Callback tape A was a recording of a You can help the DEP monitor breed- 2006 marked the third season of great-horned owl, while callback tape B ing raptors through reporting active nests monitoring through the Connecticut was a recording of the six target raptor or through conducting surveys. To report woodland raptor surveys. Surveys used species. Analysis indicates that there was a woodland raptor, or for more infor- callback recordings to detect sharp- no significant difference between the mation, please contact Shannon Kear- shinned hawks, Cooper’s hawks, north- two different callback recordings. (It is ney-McGee at the Wildlife Division’s ern goshawks, broad-winged hawks, important to remember that the broadcast Sessions Woods office (860-675-8130; red-shouldered hawks, and red-tailed of recorded bird calls may cause stress to [email protected]). hawks. Surveys were conducted six times birds, which could result in site aban- between March and July, 2006. Point donment and could also expose birds count surveys were conducted at 265 to predation. Broadcast locations by DEP staff and 17 volunteers. recordings should not CT Citizen Scientist Volunteers conduct- be used for recreational Woodland raptor species observed ed 201 hours of survey time! birding.) during callback surveys in March- July, Connecticut, 2006. Determining Estimated Site Finding Raptor Occupancy Nests in CT # Volunteers often wonder why survey Woodland raptor Individual # Sites sites need to be visited more than once. survey observers were Raptors with Raptors Repeated visits allow biologists to esti- encouraged to search Raptor Species Observed Observed mate how difficult it is to detect a spe- for nests during their Sharp-shinned hawk 6 3 cies. One cannot always observe every surveys. In addition, Northern goshawk 12 7 animal that is using an area every time survey sites with consis- a site is visited. For example, if a raptor tent raptor sightings (at Cooper’s hawk 16 16 flies through the forest just after the least 2 visits) were also Broad-winged hawk 27 15 observer leaves, does that mean that the searched for evidence of forest is not occupied? Using informa- nests with the assistance Red-shouldered hawk 37 33 tion from repeated visits, biologists can of DEP staff. The DEP Red-tailed hawk 59 39 then estimate the actual site occupancy. also solicited public inci- Unknown hawk 13 13 Overall, woodland raptors were observed dental sightings of raptor at 38% of the survey sites, with an esti- nests. Nest searches Any Woodland Raptor 145 100 mated site occupancy rate of 67%. were conducted at 46

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife  Bird of the Barrens - The Horned Lark

Article and photography by Paul Fusco, Wildlife Outreach Program The horned lark is a small, spar- population strongholds are centered in may also contain a few lapland longspurs row-sized, brown bird. It has a bold and the prairie and tundra regions of North and/or snow buntings. unique plumage pattern on its head. The America, while their breeding range Observations of horned larks as they face and throat is yellowish, and there is extends virtually continent-wide, from feed on the ground reveal behavioral a heavy black streak that extends from Mexico to the Arctic regions of the Alas- traits that are different from most other the bill to the eye, then down the side kan and Canadian tundra. Their distribu- small birds. An observer may first notice of the face. It also has a black bib. The tion does not extend into the southeastern that horned larks are ground birds; they horned lark’s namesake black feather United States. In the New England are never seen perching in shrubs or tufts, or “horns,” are most apparent on region, horned larks prefer the open habi- trees. Also, horned larks do not hop, as males during the breeding season. tats found at shorelines, airports, gravel most sparrows and finches do. They walk Along with the distinctive facial areas, and agricultural fields. along the ground, similar to blackbirds. markings, identification of horned larks In Connecticut, horned larks are At times they will run, appearing mouse- can be aided with a view of the tail, rare nesters, but are common migrants like, as they meld into the short grass and which is dark with white outer feathers. and winter visitors. During winter, they gravel surroundings where they feed on If a horned lark is overhead, the black are mainly found along the Connecticut small seeds from grasses and weeds. tail contrasts with the pale underside of shoreline, and, less commonly, at some Horned larks are gregarious birds the bird. On close examination, horned inland locations. Look for horned larks that have a strong bond to the flock. larks have an elongated hind claw, which in barrier beach habitat, short grass When one bird takes flight, it is usu- is almost straight. This claw is known as fields, and gravel areas at places like ally followed by the others in the band. a “larkspur,” which is characteristic of Hammonasset Beach State Park, Milford Flocks will typically circle an area in members of the lark family. Point, and Sherwood Island State Park. low, undulating flight before alight- Horned larks are abundant in North Migrant horned larks may also show up ing on the ground. Their dull, streaked, America. Typically inhabiting areas at inland habitats, including farm fields, brown plumage blends into the substrate, with little or no vegetative cover, they ball fields, and airports. Look over the making the birds seemingly disappear are strictly open country birds. Their winter flocks carefully, for the flocks into the ground. While in flight, the birds distinctively fold their wings close to their bodies after each wing beat. Some migrant flocks on the midwestern prairies have been known to be comprised of over a million individuals. Voice The call note heard from within a flock of horned larks as the birds take flight is a weak, but clear tzee- ti-ti. Male larks will perform a spectacular aerial display, some- what similar to that of another ground bird, the woodcock. The lark will fly straight up to an elevation of 300 to 800 feet, then circle over its terri- tory while singing a high-pitched musical song before returning to the ground headfirst, with wings closed, Horned larks are common winter visitors along the Connecticut shoreline. They may also show up in open inland until it gets close to the habitats, such as airports and agricultural fields. ground and flares up to

10 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 Short grass fields are favored areas for feeding on small grass and weed seeds. Although horned larks are common in winter, Connecticut’s breeding population is scarce and listed as endangered on the state’s Endangered and Threatened Species List.

land. Horned larks will also sing from an country habitat that these birds require. elevated perch on the ground, such as a Protection of remaining open grass- Grassland Birds Listed on grassy knob or rock. land habitat and the setting aside of un- Connecticut’s Endangered and disturbed shoreline habitat is essential for Threatened Species List Conservation in Connecticut maintaining the breeding population of Horned larks are much less common horned larks in Connecticut. These types Northern harrier ENDANGERED in the New England region, includ- of habitats have long been under pressure American kestrel THREATENED ing Connecticut, than they are in other from the impacts of development and Upland sandpiper ENDANGERED parts of North America. The breeding recreational uses. The fragmentation of Short-eared owl THREATENED population in Connecticut is listed as undisturbed, quality bird habitat further Long-eared owl ENDANGERED endangered. Documented nesting on a degrades these areas so that they can no small scale has occurred within the state longer support populations of grassland Barn owl ENDANGERED at undisturbed shoreline locations and breeding birds. The decline in grassland Horned lark ENDANGERED in large expanses of shortgrass habitat, habitat has been occurring statewide, but Bobolink SPECIAL CONCERN primarily at airports. losses in the Connecticut River Valley Eastern meadowlark SPECIAL CONCERN Historically, horned larks from the and coastal regions have had the greatest Savannah sparrow SPECIAL CONCERN prairie region expanded their breeding impact on grassland birds. Grasshopper sparrow ENDANGERED range to the east and eventually into The horned lark is one of over a Henslow’s sparrow* SPECIAL CONCERN New England as the great eastern forests dozen species of grassland birds that are Vesper sparrow ENDANGERED were cleared. The first recorded nesting in trouble in Connecticut, primarily due in Connecticut was in the 1890s. Over to the loss of their habitat. Through the * Believed extirpated from Connecticut the last century, fallow agricultural fields DEP’s Grassland Habitat Conservation were commonly used as nesting places. Initiative Project, cooperative efforts Since the 1960s, with the regrowth of are being initiated to acquire, enhance, together to conserve grassland habitats forests and the loss of open habitat to and maintain grassland habitats so that and the wildlife species that depend development, the breeding population of all grassland species have a chance to on them. Connecticut’s grassland birds horned larks in Connecticut has gradu- rebound in our state. Project coopera- stand to benefit in large measure from ally been restricted and reduced to what tors include a diversity of state agencies, the project’s success. it is today. Connecticut currently does conservation organizations, sportsmen’s not have a plentiful supply of the open groups, and municipalities, all working

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife 11 Celebrate International Migratory Bird Day on May 12 International Migratory Bird Day (IMBD), held an- nually on the second Saturday in May, is an invitation to

celebrate and support migratory bird conservation. This J. FUSCO P. year’s theme is tackling a challenging, yet pertinent topic: “Birds in a Changing Climate.” The reactions of birds to weather have long been noted. For hundreds of years, farmers have used the arriv- als of migratory birds to make decisions about planting crops. Changes in the movements of some species is just one indicator of the warming of the Earth’s atmosphere. Today, as the rate of warming increases, scientists are exploring how climate change will affect birds and how we can reduce our impact. The fact that the Earth is gradually warming is some- thing most of us have heard about, although the cause for this trend is still being debated. Currently, the average temperature is predicted to rise by as much as six degrees by the year 2100. This will not only affect climate (all aspects of the weather over a period of time: temperatures, precipitation, storms) but may also affect sea level, coastal areas, and the timing of natural events. Climate change The black-throated blue warbler is a neotropical migratory bird that returns may also affect many forms of wildlife, including birds. to Connecticut by late April/early May for the nesting season.

Changes may occur in the diversity of birds at Changes may occur in the foraging and nesting given locations: success of seabirds: l Ranges could shift north as species move to areas that l Rising sea level, reduction of sea ice, and increased sea match their temperature tolerances. This effect may be surface temperature may affect food availability. dangerous for birds that live in the Arctic or mountainous l The effects of climate change may make conditions more regions, as they have distributions which can’t shift any favorable for certain species of birds as conditions become further north as the habitats around them change due to less favorable for others. As habitat and weather change in global warming. response to warming, the ranges of some birds may shift l Nesting and feeding habits may change. Temperature out of a given area while other species (previously unable to changes will affect food availability for some birds. breed or live there) may now be able to move in. l Migratory stopovers or breeding areas may be affected. Even if some species adapt or succeed in a world that is Changes may occur in the timing of events, such slowly warming, the fact remains that many will not. Those as migration and egg laying: most at risk are those that are unable to generalize or adapt. Long-distance migrants and birds with limited geographical l Temperature increases may affect breeding success -- if ranges may not be able to adjust to the changes caused by nesting occurs earlier, primary food sources for hatchlings rising temperatures. Increased competition for habitat and the may not yet be available. Commonly known as mistiming, lack of suitable or available food in new locations also means the discrepancy between a bird’s hatch date and the arrival that the shift northward will not be a permanent solution for of its food source can affect its survival. bird populations adapting to climate change.

Global warming is of particular concern when For More Information: viewed in concert with other already well To learn more about birds and climate change, explore the following web sites: established population stresses (e.g., habitat http://birds.fws.gov/imbd (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) conversion, pollution, invasive species). It is the www.birdday.org combination of these stresses that will likely prove www.abcbirds.org (American Bird Conservancy) to be the greatest challenge to wildlife conservation www.nwf.org/climate (National Wildlife Federation) The American Bird Conservancy, in partnership with the in the 21st century. It is important to understand as National Wildlife Federation, has produced The Birdwatcher’s much as possible about the responses of animals Guide to Global Warming -- a state-by-state guide to the ef- to a changing climate in order to more effectively fects of climate change on America’s birds. The publication manage and protect species and habitats. can be downloaded from the American Bird Conservancy’s web site. Quote from The Birdwatcher’s Guide to Global Warming, produced by the American Bird Conservancy and the National Wildlife This article was adapted from information provided on the IMBD Federation. web site: www.birdday.org.

12 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 The Secret Lives of the Northern Water Shrew and Southern Bog Lemming

Written by Ryan Dibala and Christina Kocer, Wildlife Diversity Program Connecticut hosts a wide diversity of shrew can shed light on the small mammals, many of which are not overall health of Connecticut’s well understood. Two of Connecticut’s waterways. L. SELNER most elusive small mammal species are the northern water shrew (Sorex Southern Bog Lemming palustris) and the southern bog lem- The southern bog lemming ming (Synaptomys cooperi). Both are is a small, mouse-like rodent listed as Greatest Conservation Need associated with moist areas (GCN) species in Connecticut, with the within grassy, shrubby, and southern bog lemming also listed as a forested habitats. Its appearance state species of special concern. Little is is much like that of the meadow known about either of these species and vole, except that bog lemmings there have only been a few recent records have grooved incisors, a smaller of these mammals in Connecticut. In body, and a relatively short tail. an attempt to better understand these When searching for the pres- small mammals and the role they play in ence of southern bog lemmings, Lisa Fazzino, a Wildlife Division volunteer and Choate Connecticut’s ecosystems, DEP Wildlife biologists examine frequently Rosemary Hall student, collects biological data from a Division staff conducted a statewide used runways within vegetation. small mammal that was captured in a live trap during a small mammal survey. research project to examine their status These runways often contain and distribution. diagnostic bright green fecal pellets and piles of grass cuttings that re- target species also are given GCN prior- Northern Water Shrew main after these animals have consumed ity and, therefore, these encounters serve The northern water shrew is a large, the tender fleshy parts of the grasses as a means to increase overall knowledge insectivorous shrew with a long tail and and have left the tougher parts behind. of their populations. light to dark brown pelage that var- Runways, along with subterranean bur- ies geographically and seasonally. It is rows used for rearing pups, can be shared Research Results an excellent swimmer and is perfectly with other small mammals, such as the After a season of trapping, only one adapted for an aquatic environment, meadow vole. Studies have shown that encounter with each target species was actively diving and holding its breath for increasing populations of meadow voles documented. One northern water shrew up to 45 seconds. This is an amazing feat are forcing populations of the generally was captured in a stream at Pachaug for an animal with such an incredibly submissive southern bog lemming out of State Forest. No southern bog lemmings high metabolic rate. Unlike other shrews, their preferred habitat. were captured during the trapping ef- it is almost always found feeding on forts. However, Wildlife Division staff macro-invertebrates in the water of pris- Research Efforts did retrieve one southern bog lemming tine streams and lakes. Its large hind feet Wildlife Division staff began that had been killed by a cat near Vernon. are fringed with stiff hairs called fibrillae researching the status and distribution Low capture rates may be a reflection of that aid in swimming. These hairs pro- of northern water shrews and southern these species’ secretive habits, making vide additional surface area that allows bog lemmings in Connecticut during the them extremely difficult to trap, and this animal to briefly skim across the summer and early fall of 2006. Trapping may reflect a need for improved trapping surface of the water. In the early 1900s, efforts were conducted statewide at 14 techniques. Poor water quality, unsuit- one scientist observed a water shrew different sites in some of Connecticut’s able microhabitat, or resource competi- skimming the surface of a calm pond for most pristine areas, such as within state tion may be explanations for the apparent a distance of close to five feet! parks, forests, and private land where low numbers of these species in Con- In winter, when rivers freeze over, permission was obtained. Traps were necticut. Whatever reason it may be, this this shrew remains active under the ice, placed in grass runways in bogs, forested research has proven that the detection of trapping pockets of air in its fur for better wetlands, and freshwater marshes for these animals is incredibly difficult. It insulation. lemmings, and on rocky substrate under is a reminder that Connecticut residents The water shrew is known to feed riverbank overhangs for shrews. Traps live amongst highly secretive creatures exclusively on macro-invertebrates, and were checked once in the morning and that depend on high quality habitat. If it has a low tolerance for poor water once in the afternoon, and were opened you or anyone you know believes they quality, making it a good biological and closed in accordance with the weath- have seen a northern water shrew or indicator species. In addition, the water er. The species most frequently captured southern bog lemming, please contact shrew is an important part of the ecosys- was the white-footed mouse, but meadow Wildlife Division technician Christina tem, controlling insect populations and and red-backed voles; short-tailed, Kocer at (860) 675-8130. serving as a prey-source for larger preda- masked, and smoky shrews; chipmunks; tors. Surveying Connecticut to determine meadow jumping mice; and a weasel the status and distribution of the water were caught as well. Many of these non-

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife 13 FROM THE FIELD

Deer Reduction at Bluff Connecticut Walk Book West Point in Groton Now Available DEP Wildlife Division biologists The Connecticut removed 11 deer from the Bluff Point Coastal Forest and Park Reserve in Groton as part of the ongoing Association (CFPA) efforts to maintain the ecological balance at has recently published the Reserve. The activities occurred on select the Connecticut Walk nights in February 2007. The DEP conducted Book West. This the culling after sunset when the park was definitive trail guide closed to the public. is the second of two Step Up to the Plate All of the culled deer were examined by 75th Anniversary DEP biologists to assess the overall health volumes describing for Wildlife... of the deer herd. Venison from the deer was the statewide Blue- donated to “Hunters for the Hungry” for Blazed Hiking ... and show your support by distribution to local food charities. Trails. Within the pages you will displaying a wildlife license plate “Since deer removal efforts began in find information on over 400 miles of hiking 1996, the DEP has successfully reduced the trails in central and western Connecticut, as on your vehicle overabundant population of deer at Bluff well as clear, updated trail maps created from Point,” said Ed Parker, Chief of DEP’s Bureau on-the-ground GPS data. Detailed driving There are two great designs to choose of Natural Resources. “Such measures are directions and parking information also is from: the state-endangered bald eagle or the necessary to not only increase the health of included. secretive bobcat. the deer herd at the Reserve, but also to help The Connecticut Walk Book East has Funds raised from sales and renewals of protect and maintain the biodiversity of flora already been published and contains the same the plates will be used for wildlife research and fauna. Yearly cullings allow the DEP to information for trails on the eastern side of and management projects; the acquisition, preserve this native and unique ecosystem not the state. Both books cover the Metacomet restoration, enhancement, and management only for the species that inhabit the Reserve and Mattabesset trails, which are the dividing of wildlife habitat; and public outreach that but also for people who visit the state park point between the east and west volumes. promotes the conservation of Connecticut’s each year.” Many of the trail descriptions in both wildlife diversity. Before the reduction took place, the books provide detailed information about Application forms are available at DEP deer population was estimated at 36 deer. cultural and historical features that are and Department of Motor Vehicle offices and Reducing the deer population by 11 was encountered along the way. online at www.ct.gov/dmv. necessary to achieve the “goal population” Copies of both books can be obtained of 25 deer. The goal population needs to be from several locations: maintained in order to protect the health of l DEP Bookstore, located at the DEP New Art Book on Woodcock the species and prevent over-foraging by deer Headquarters, 79 Elm Street, Hartford If you have on native flora. (860-424-3555). Walk-in store hours are an interest in In February 2006, the DEP culled 20 Monday-Thursday, 9:00 AM-1:00 PM woodcock and deer from Bluff Point as part of its ongoing and 1:30 PM-3:30 PM. Items also can be in art as well, wildlife management program. Since the ordered online at www.ct.gov/dep. there is a new implementation of deer management efforts l Friends of Sessions Woods book cart, book available at Bluff Point Coastal Reserve in January located at the Wildlife Division’s Sessions to satisfy both 1996, the deer population has been reduced Woods office on Route 69 in Burlington interests. In from almost 300 down to 25, resulting in an (860-675-8130). Office hours are The Woodcock, overall increase in deer health. Monday-Friday, from 8:30 AM-4:00 PM. Artist’s l Connecticut Forest and Park Association, Impressions 16 Meriden Road, Rockfall (203-346- leading sporting Report ruffed grouse 2372; www.ctwoodlands.org). artists write about the woodcock and illustrate observations to the it in their own unique style. The artists contributing to the book are Rodger McPhail, Wildlife Division’s Art for Nature’s Sake Keith Sykes, Simon Gudgeon, Ben Hoskyns, Franklin office (860-642- Saturday & Sunday, May 19 & 20, 2007 Terence Lambert, Alastair Proud, Jonathan 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, rain or shine Sainsbury, and Owen Williams. This 11” 7239; michael.gregonis@ On the grounds of and to benefit the x 11” book has 148 pages with color and po.state.ct.us). Include Connecticut Audubon Society Center at black and white illustrations throughout. Glastonbury It is available for $49.95 and all royalties information on date, 1361 Main St. (Route 17), Glastonbury from the sale of the book are being donated 860-633-4885 to The Game Conservancy Trust. For more town, specific location, A juried show and sale of work by information on how to obtain this book, what was heard, and outstanding artists and artisans whose work contact Stackpole Books at 717-796-0411; is inspired by the natural world. Come meet www.stackpolebooks.com. actual observation. these creative, talented people.

14 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 New Research Lab at Franklin WMA BioBlitz 2007 to Be Held June 8-9 A laboratory was recently completed at the DEP Wildlife Division’s Franklin Swamp Wildlife Management Area. The lab will be used for a variety of projects, including The University of Connecticut’s Center surveillance for chronic wasting disease in deer and animal necropsies. It provides for Conservation and Biodiversity and a safe and sterile work environment to conduct these studies. Connecticut State Museum of Natural Many thanks are extended to those that spent much time and effort designing and History will be partnering with the City of building the lab, including Steve Merchant, Steve Arcel, Doug Patterson, Mike Zajac, Middletown, Wesleyan University, and United Dave Pawlak, Jack Bonin, Bill Coleman, Deborah Corcoran, Ray Szajkowski, George Technologies to host the 2007 Connecticut Avery, George Krecidlo, Sheila Kuuttila, and Ken Newman. State BioBlitz on June 8-9. Designed as part contest, part festival, part educational event, and part scientific endeavor, BioBlitz brings together scientists from across the Moose Study Underway 2006 Deer Hunting Season Northeast in a race against time to see how Moose are one of the largest land Results many species of animals and plants can be mammals in North America. About 15 discovered in 24 hours. Much of the second A preliminary count of the total deer years ago, a population of moose became day will be given to public events: lectures, harvest during the 2006 deer hunting season established in northern portions of nature walks with some of New England’s indicates that harvest rates decreased by Connecticut. To date, little information is finest naturalists, and guided tours through about 10%. Although the shotgun-rifle deer known about the state’s growing moose the event’s “BioBlitz Central,” where harvest decreased by 12%, the archery deer population. To collect baseline data on scientists race to sort, identify, and catalogue harvest increased by five percent. Long population dynamics, survival, reproduction, their specimens. Thirty middle school and seasons, availability of replacement antlerless movements, and distribution of moose in high school students from around the state tags, and use of bait likely contributed to the Connecticut, the Wildlife Division initiated will be selected to participate in a BioBlitz increase in harvest during the archery season. a study in late February 2007. The study Camp, during which they will work side-by- Several factors likely influenced the decrease involves capturing 10 to 20 female moose side with the invited scientists. in harvest during the shotgun-rifle season, with a tranquilizer gun and attaching ear BioBlitz is designed to increase the including changes in deer population size, tags and Global Position System (GPS) public’s awareness of the variety of life acorn abundance, and weather conditions. collars. Moose will be located for capture in their immediate neighborhood and the During years with an abundant acorn crop, using reports of moose sightings from the services these various species provide to deer travel less for food, reducing their public and by searching with a helicopter. improve the quality of their lives. Too often vulnerability to hunting. Rain and warm Capture efforts will be focused in northern people take for granted clean water and air, weather during high harvest days (opening Connecticut towns. fertile soil, or the pollination services of day, Saturdays, and holidays) often reduce GPS collars will allow the Division to insects. What better way to address these deer movements and hunter participation. remotely collect data on movement and topics than to invite people to experience Once all the harvest data has been entered survival. After moose are captured and the vast array of wildlife that can be found into a database, final harvest counts will be marked, aerial surveys will be systematically in Connecticut’s neighborhood parks in the generated. Harvest rates will be calculated on conducted to estimate population size, based cycle of just one day? All six Connecticut both a statewide and regional basis to assess on the ratio of marked and unmarked moose State BioBlitzes (www.mnh.uconn.edu/ trends in deer harvest. A booklet summarizing in the population. During aerial surveys, BioBlitz/) have yielded dozens of worthy harvest data and other deer-related data from number of cows with calves also will be scientific discoveries: new state records and the 2005 deer-hunting season is currently recorded to estimate average number of several state-rare species. BioBlitzes have available on the DEP web site (www.ct.gov/ calves recruited into the population, as an proved useful in the early detection of several dep). A summary of the 2006 harvest data index to population growth. invasive species. Specimen vouchers are is expected to be compiled in a booklet and Howard Kilpatrick, Deer/Turkey Program prepared and deposited in public institutions posted on the DEP web site by summer. and schools for research and education. Howard Kilpatrick, Deer/Turkey Program Middletown, Connecticut, has been selected as the site for the 2007 BioBlitz! The event will kickoff at 3:00 p.m. on CT to Host the Northeast Fish & Wildlife Conference Friday afternoon, June 8, and end Saturday The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection is afternoon, June 9. “BioBlitz Central” will hosting the 63rd Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference be at Wilbur Snow Elementary School on at the Mystic Marriott in Mystic/Groton from April 22-25, 2007. Wadsworth Street, with off-site “blitzing” An estimated 400 to 500 professionals from state and federal fish occurring at Long Hill Estate, Wadsworth and wildlife agencies, colleges, and universities throughout 13 State Park, the north end peninsula along northeastern states and several Canadian provinces are expected to the Connecticut and Mattabesset Rivers, and attend the conference, many giving presentations on their research include one of the city’s characteristic trap and work. rock summits. The theme of the conference is “Putting the Pieces Together: The 2007 event promises to be the richest The Ecosystem Approach to Habitat Conservation and Multispecies BioBlitz in North America--organizers expect Management, and the Importance of Partnerships.” This topic will to record more than 2,500 different species. be addressed at the general session on Monday morning. The conference also will feature As the event gets closer, maps and additional professional papers addressing fisheries and wildlife biological topics, law enforcement, and details will be posted at www.mnh.uconn. outreach subjects. edu/BioBlitz/. Visit the Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies web site (www.neafwa.org) to see the general schedule for the conference. Registration fees are $100 for one day, or $300 for the entire conference. Conference planning and arrangements are by Delaney Meeting & Event Management (802-655-7769; [email protected]).

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife 15 Testing Continues for Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer Written by Andrew LaBonte, Deer Program Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a In all, 375 samples were collected from used in 2005 was followed in 2006. A neurological disease (brain and nervous hunter-harvested and road-killed deer in total of 666 testable samples were col- system) that belongs to a family of dis- DMZ 11. Of those, 298 samples were lected throughout the state: 310 from eases known as transmissible spongiform tested. An additional 19 samples were the high-risk area and 356 from the encephalopathies (TSE). This disease collected from unknown locations in moderate-risk area. All samples tested attacks the brains of deer, elk, and moose Connecticut. All 317 were negative for negative for CWD. An additional two (cervids) and produces small lesions CWD. An additional four deer that ex- deer exhibiting some symptoms similar that eventually result in death. CWD is hibited some symptoms similar to CWD to CWD were collected and both tested known to occur in both wild and captive tested negative for CWD. negative for CWD. However, one of the cervids. Prior to 2005, the disease had deer from Thomaston tested positive for only been found in North America west 2005 rabies, the second documented case of of Illinois. CWD was documented in In April 2005, the New York Depart- rabies in free-ranging, white-tailed deer New York and West Virginia in 2005. It ment of Environmental Conservation in Connecticut. has not been found in Connecticut or any reported five cases of CWD in two cap- other New England state. tive cervid facilities located within 180 Notes of Interest miles from Connecticut’s border (DMZs In 2005, West Virginia documented 2003 1, 6, and 11). One of the captive facilities its first case of CWD in a roadkilled deer In 2003, a tri-state CWD surveillance also cared for white-tailed deer fawns in Hampshire County. An additional four program was developed by Connecticut, that were later released into the wild. deer that were collected by the West Vir- Massachusetts, and Rhode Island and Intensive monitoring outside the captive ginia Department of Natural Resources approved by the U. S. Department of Ag- facility documented two free-ranging in 2005 and 2006 tested positive for riculture-Animal Plant Health Inspection deer within a mile that tested positive CWD. Also, in December 2006 the first Service. In accordance with the plan, the for CWD. Although intensive sampling hunter harvested deer tested positive for DEP conducted surveillance of free-rang- efforts in New York since 2005 have re- CWD in West Virginia. ing deer. Surveillance involved collecting sulted in no additional deer testing posi- A recent study confirmed that CWD samples from each of Connecticut’s 12 tive for CWD, deer management zones can spread from one infected deer to deer management zones in proportion to in Connecticut that border New York are another by oral ingestion of saliva or the density of deer in each zone. Samples still considered “high-risk” areas. blood from the infected animal. How- were collected from hunter-harvested In 2005, the CWD surveillance pro- ever, the study was not able to determine deer at state-operated deer check stations, gram was designed to focus sampling ef- if feces or urine from deer with CWD butcher shops, and deer killed by motor forts in areas that were considered “high could spread the disease to other deer. It vehicles. A total of 274 samples were risk” (DMZs 1, 6, and 11) and “moderate is still believed that if CWD is contained collected and all samples tested (231) risk” (all remaining zones). The goal was in saliva, the potential for the disease to were negative for CWD. Testing was to collect 298 samples from high-risk spread via feces still exists. conducted at the University of Connect- areas and 298 samples from moderate Another recent study confirms the icut’s Department of Pathobiology and risk areas. A total of 643 testable samples presence of CWD in cardiac muscle of Veterinary Science. An additional four were collected throughout the state: 263 white-tailed deer and elk. However, re- deer exhibiting some symptoms similar from the high-risk area and 380 from the searchers were unable to detect CWD in to CWD (emaciation, abnormal behavior, moderate-risk area. All samples tested other muscle, such as diaphragm, triceps, excessive salivation) were tested; how- negative for CWD. thigh, or tongue. Given the uncertainties ever, all tests were negative. In addition to random surveillance, about incubation period, exposure, and the DEP increased its effort to conduct clinical detection, the possibility that 2004 targeted surveillance and test free-rang- CWD might cause human disease cannot In 2004, the CWD surveillance ing cervids statewide that exhibited be eliminated. Therefore, scientists still program was designed to focus sampling any symptoms consistent with CWD. suggest, as a precaution, that hunters efforts in areas that were considered Nine animals (8 white-tailed deer and 1 NOT consume any venison from a con- high-risk. Deer management zone (DMZ) moose) were collected by DEP staff and taminated animal. 11 comprised 16% of the total deer popu- tested. Results from all suspect animals lation (highest in the state), contained the were negative. The DEP also depopulat- Monitoring Continues highest number of captive cervid facili- ed two small herds of wild white-tailed The DEP plans to continue moni- ties (6), and bordered New York, which deer illegally possessed at two captive toring for CWD in 2007. Hunters may has over 400 captive deer facilities with facilities. All eight deer tested negative request to have their deer tested free-of- almost 10,000 deer and elk. In addition, for CWD. In addition, three fallow deer charge during the monitoring period. For the use of bait is legal for harvesting deer at the facility that were slaughtered for more information, contact the Division’s during the hunting season in DMZ 11. consumption tested negative for CWD. Deer Program at the Franklin office In accordance with federal surveil- (860-642-7239). lance guidelines, at least 298 samples 2006 needed to be collected to detect CWD. The same sampling scheme that was

16 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 Safety Comes First While Hunting Turkeys in Spring

Connecticut’s spring turkey hunting your sitting position. season will be here soon, and now is l Shout “stop” to alert approaching Spring Turkey Junior Hunter the perfect time to practice and prepare. hunters. Never move, wave, Training Day: April 28, 2007 Spring turkey hunting requires a great or make turkey sounds to alert deal of skill to be successful, and the best hunters of your position. Your The spring turkey junior hunter training day way to acquire these skills is to heed the movements may look like the provides junior hunters with an opportunity to learn safe and effective hunting practices from advice of seasoned turkey hunters and to movement of a turkey. experienced hunters. Licensed junior hunters practice. Hunters also should make sure l Eliminate red, white, blue, or may hunt for turkeys when accompanied by a every field adventure is safe and enjoy- black from your hunting clothing. licensed adult hunter 18 years of age or older. able. Red, white, and blue are found The adult mentor may not carry a firearm. The junior hunter must have a valid spring season One way to prepare is to attend a on the head and neck of mature turkey permit for state or private land. Those turkey hunting safety seminar in early gobblers, and all turkeys have hunting on private land also must have written spring. The Connecticut Chapter of the black bodies. It is a good idea to consent from the landowner. The adult mentor National Wild Turkey Federation and the have a fluorescent orange vest may assist in calling turkeys. Wildlife Division’s Conservation Educa- to wear while walking out of the tion/Firearms Safety Program, as well as woods and an orange wrap for the several local sportsmen’s clubs, sponsor harvested bird. l You may not attempt to take turkeys training seminars every year. Hunters should also be aware of by participating in a cooperative drive. These seminars usually cover hunting l You may not shoot turkeys from a techniques, but they stress safety and eth- several activities that are prohibited building or other permanent structure. ical hunting most of all. There are several while turkey hunting: Turkeys roosting in trees are not al- basic safety rules that all turkey hunters l The use of bait, electronic calling lowed to be shot. must follow while out in the field: devices, live decoys, or animals (in- l Prior to the hunt, pattern your shotgun cluding dogs) to hunt wild turkeys is Hunting can be a safe and enjoyable to determine the best shotshell to use prohibited. activity. Thinking before you react for a given distance. l You may not call turkeys for another will keep it that way. Remember, l Absolutely identify your intended hunter unless you possess a valid once the trigger is pulled, there is no target and what lies beyond before turkey permit with at least one unused calling back the shot. pulling the trigger. Be positive it is a tag. legal turkey and make sure the shot path to the bird and beyond is safe. Pre-select a zone of fire. Shoot at a turkey only in the predetermined J. FUSCO P. zone, and only when you are certain it is safe. l Always stay fixed in your location and call the bird to you. Never stalk a turkey or turkey sound. Movements or sounds you think are a turkey may be another hunter. Be patient. l Do not think you are alone in the woods. Assume every noise and movement is another hunter. If there is any doubt whatsoever, DO NOT shoot. l Always position yourself in a spot that makes you completely invisible from the back side, such as against a tree trunk that is at least shoulder wide. For your own safety, you may choose to wrap and secure a four to six-inch wide fluorescent orange safety band around the tree, about six feet up. This Spring turkey hunting requires a great deal of skill to be successful, and the best way to band should alert other hunters of acquire these skills is to heed the advice of seasoned turkey hunters and to practice. The 2007 spring turkey hunting season runs from May 2-26. The lottery for spring turkey permits on state land has been discontinued this year. The 2007 Connecticut Hunting and Trapping Guide contains information on open state land hunting areas. The Guide can be obtained at DEP offices, town halls, and on the DEP’s web site (www.ct.gov/dep).

March/April 2007 Connecticut Wildlife 17 Keep Cats Indoors for the Sake of Wildlife! How many birds and other wild- Cats were not abundant in the United The only way to prevent life do domestic cats kill each year in States until the late 1800s when they the United States? Exact numbers are were brought to help control burgeon- domestic cat predation on unknown, but scientists estimate that ing rodent populations. Some view cat wildlife is for owners to nationwide, cats kill hundreds of millions predation of rodents as beneficial, but of birds, and more than a billion small native small mammals are important to keep their cats indoors! mammals, such as rabbits, squirrels, and maintaining biologically diverse ecosys- chipmunks, each year. Cats kill common tems. Mice and shrews are also important to be rabid to the Centers for Disease species, as well as rare and threatened prey for birds, like great horned owls and Control and Prevention. species. red-tailed hawks. There are more than 90 million pet The Truth About Cats and Birds cats in the United States. A 1997 nation- Compete with Native Predators Well-fed cats kill birds and other wide poll showed that only 35% are kept Owned cats have advantages over wildlife because the hunting instinct is exclusively indoors, leaving the major- native predators. They receive protection independent of the urge to eat. Cats with ity of owned cats free to kill birds and from disease, predation, competition, bells on their collars can still kill birds. other wildlife at least some of the time. and starvation—factors which control Most birds that seem to escape don’t In addition, millions of stray and feral native predators, like owls, bobcats, and survive. Wildlife rehabilitators report cats roam cities, suburbs, farmlands, and foxes. Cats with dependable food sources that most small animals injured by cats natural areas. are not as vulnerable to changes in prey die. A large percentage of animals taken Loss of wildlife habitat and frag- populations. Unlike many native preda- to wildlife rehabilitators are cat attack mentation due to human development tors, cats are not strictly territorial. Thus, victims and animals orphaned by cats. are the leading causes of declining bird cats can exist at higher densities and may For more information, contact: populations. However, scientists now list out-compete native predators for food. American Bird Conservancy, Cats invasive species, including cats, as the Indoors! 1731 Connecticut Avenue, NW, second most serious threat to bird popu- Cats Transmit Disease to Wildlife 3rd Floor, Washington, DC 20009 (202- lations worldwide. Unvaccinated cats can transmit dis- 234-7181; E-mail: [email protected]; eases, such as rabies, to other cats, native web site: www.abcbirds.org). Not a Natural Part of Ecosystems wildlife, and humans. Cats are the do- mestic animal most frequently reported Text for this article was reprinted from the Domesticated cats may be the most American Bird Conservancy web site. widespread predator in the world.

Do you have an interesting wildlife The Wildlife Observer observation to report to the Wildlife Division? Please send it (and any photos) to: Wildlife Observations DEP - Wildlife Division Richard P.O. Box 1550 Burlington, CT 06013 Conklin had an interesting Email: [email protected] wildlife (photos will be returned if requested) observation in early January 2007 and sent the Wildlife Division this photograph. “While working in Stamford, Connecticut, we observed this red-tailed hawk that had captured a squirrel and was having lunch. The hawk had landed on an SUV in downtown Stamford while it ate the squirrel. We see a lot of red-tailed hawks in this area. There are many large trees and much prey, including pigeons, squirrels, rodents, and starlings. Many people were coming and going in this area but no one saw the hawk until we pointed it out to a number of people. A couple of years ago, you published a photo of a red-tailed hawk that had taken a crow in the snow in this same area. When we looked at that photo closely we noticed that the hawk had a metal band on one of its legs. It is surprising how much wildlife you can see, even in an urban area, if you keep your eyes open!”

18 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 Wildlife Calendar Reminders

January-April...... Donate to the Endangered Species/Wildlife Income Tax Check-off Fund on your 2006 Connecticut Income Tax form. Late April-August.....Respect fenced and posted shorebird nesting areas when visiting Connecticut beaches. Also, keep dogs off of shoreline beaches to avoid disturbing nesting birds. Late March...... Remove bird feeders from your yard to avoid attracting hungry bears that are emerging from their winter dens. Feeders can be put back up by November in time for winter bird feeding. Whenever a bear visits a bird feeder, take the feeder down immediately. To learn more about what to do if you encounter a black bear, visit the DEP’s web site (www.ct.gov/dep). April 22...... Earth Day May 12...... International Migratory Bird Day. To learn more about this annual celebration, read the article on page 12 and also visit the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service web site at www.fws.gov/birds/IMBD or the International Migratory Bird Day web site at www. birdday.org.

Public Program Series at the Sessions Woods Conservation Education Center The Public Program Series is a cooperative venture between the Wildlife Division and the Friends of Sessions Woods. Please preregister for these programs by calling the Sessions Woods office at 860-675-8130 (Monday-Friday, 8:30AM-4:30PM). Programs are free unless noted and all children under 12 years old must be accompanied by an adult. Sessions Woods is located on Route 69 in Burlington. April 22...... Friends of Sessions Woods Annual Meeting, from 12:00-3:00 PM. All are welcome to attend the Friends of Sessions Woods Annual Meeting at the Conservation Education Center. Hank Gruner, Education Director at The Children’s Museum, will present this year’s special program: “Poisonous and Venomous Animals.” A potluck luncheon precedes the presentation. Please bring a side dish to share. May 5...... Spring Bird Walk, starting at 7:30 AM. Warblers and songbirds are on their way back to Connecticut to take advantage of our healthy insect populations emerging this time of year. Join Paul Fusco of the Wildlife Division for a two-mile walk in search of early migrants. Paul will provide bird identification tips to participants. This walk is suitable for adults and children over 12. Bring binoculars and meet at the flagpole in front of the building. May 10...... Migratory Bird Educator Workshop, from 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM. (Rain date is May 11.) Educators can earn 0.3 CEUs while attending this informative workshop on neotropical migratory birds. Workshop participants will learn about Connecticut’s migratory birds during a field walk, and also discover ways to teach about birds in the classroom. A pre-registration application is required. Please contact Laura Rogers-Castro at the Wildlife Division’s Sessions Woods office (860-675-8130) or send email to [email protected]. Programs and workshops at Sessions Woods are sometimes scheduled between issues of Connecticut Wildlife and cannot always be advertised in the magazine in a timely manner. To stay informed about fun and interesting programs offered by the Wildlife Division, regularly check the calendar section of the DEP’s web site (www.ct.gov/dep) or call the Sessions Woods office during business hours.

Hunting Season Dates April 28...... Spring Turkey Junior Hunter Training Day (see page 18 for more information). May 2-26...... Spring Turkey Hunting Season (The lottery for spring turkey permits on state land has been discontinued. Refer to the 2007 Connecticut Hunting and Trapping Guide for information on open state land hunting areas.) See article on page 18 to learn about hunting safety for the spring turkey season...... See the 2007 Connecticut Hunting and Trapping Guide for specific season dates and details. The Guide is available at Wildlife Division offices, town halls, and on the DEP’s web site,www.ct.gov/dep .

����������� Subscription Order �������� Please make checks payable to: Connecticut Wildlife, P.O. Box 1550, Burlington, CT 06013 Check one: Check one: Renewal 1 Year ($6.00) 2 Years ($11.00) 3 Years ($16.00) New Subscription Name: Gift Subscription Address: Gift card to read: City: State: Zip:March/April 2007 Tel.: Connecticut Wildlife 19 P. J. FUSCO P.

On a rainy spring night, wood frogs will move from their forested homes and travel to vernal pools. The males float in the water and “quack” all night long to attract females. Within a few days, the frogs lay their eggs and then travel back to their homes in the woods.

Bureau of Natural Resources / Wildlife Division STANDARD Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection PRESORT 79 Elm Street U.S. POSTAGE Hartford, CT 06106-5127 PAID BRISTOL, CT PERMIT NO. 6

20 Connecticut Wildlife March/April 2007 PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER