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ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook

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ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (2010) ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook. Philippines, (208 pages) Reproduction of this publication in full or in part or adaptation for local use for education and other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the publisher, provided that the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited. ISBN : 978-971-94164-4-9 Printed by : Dolmar Press, Inc. Year of publication : 2010 Disclaimer : The views expressed are those of the writers and contributors and do not necessarily re ect the views of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) or the European Union (EU). Funding partners : European Union Association of Southeast Asian Nations Table of Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xi Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xii Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... xiii Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xv I. ASEAN and the Convention on Biological Diversity ....................................................................................................................................................2 The Convention on Biological Diversity: An international agreement for a critical global commons ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Historical Perspective and Rationale .......................................................................................................................................................................................................3 The 2010 Biodiversity Target ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Conservation, Sustainable Use and Equitable Sharing of Bene ts: The challenges of biodiversity resource management ........................................................................................................................................................7 The CBD Target: How is ASEAN faring? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................9 II. ASEAN Biodiversity Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 An Overview of Global Efforts Addressing Biodiversity Concerns .................................................................................................... 15 The Relevance of Southeast Asia’s Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17 The Ecosystems of the ASEAN Region: Current state, pressures and responses ..................................................... 25 Forests: An overdrawn natural wealth ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Agro-ecosystems: An emerging hotspot ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Peatlands: An increasingly valuable ecosystem ............................................................................................................................................................ 43 Inland Waters: The next ashpoint ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Mangroves: A critical support ecosystem ................................................................................................................................................................................. 53 Coral Reefs: The marine forest ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Seagrasses: The least understood of the coastal canaries ........................................................................................................................... 69 III. Drivers of Biodiversity Loss .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78 Ecosystems and Habitat Change: The undesirable shift ............................................................................................................................................ 80 Climate Change: The heat is on biodiversity .................................................................................................................................................................................. 83 Invasive Alien Species: An assault with irreversible impact ............................................................................................................................ 88 Over-exploitation: Can humans change their consumption patterns? ............................................................................................ 91 Pollution: An issue that can be prevented ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Poverty: A social challenge that must be addressed ........................................................................................................................................................ 95 ASEAN BIODIVERSITY OUTLOOK iii IV. Responding to the Challenges of Biodiversity Conservation: The ASEAN Approach .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104 Initiatives That are Making a Difference ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 105 Protected Areas: Conserving the last frontiers ............................................................................................................................................................ 105 The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security ....................................................... 119 The Heart of Borneo Initiative .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 120 Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 121 Greater Mekong Subregion...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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