NOV 2018

FOOD, NUTRITION & SAFETY MAGAZINE

the WINNING FORMULA

Enzymes in Improvement Nutrition Week of Food Process Activity Report

2nd Floor, Mahalaxmi Chambers, 22 Bhulabhai Desai Red., Mumbai- 26 (India) Phone : 022 23538858 / 23519014 Email : [email protected] Website : www.pfndai.org

NOV 2018

FOOD, NUTRITION & SAFETY MAGAZINE Email : [email protected] Website : www.pfndai.org EDITORIAL Dr. Bhajekar Deepa, Dr. Gupte Swati, Dr. Holla K.S., Dr. Shirhatti Vilas, Dr. Viral Brahmbhatt, Mrs. Madhavi Trivedi, BOARD Dr. Udipi Shobha, Dr. J.I. Lewis & Dr. Jagmeet Madan ens

yNiv INDEX e COVEr 2 k.com/Serg STORY 3 Editorial ......

e © iStoc The Winning Formula ...... 3 Imag Advertisers Coming Events ...... 5 Food Ingredient Specialities, Enzymes in Improvement ...... 6 of Food Process E.I. DuPont India, Nutrition Week Activity Report: ...... 9 Ruchi Soya, Addressing India’s Burning Issue: Undernutrition During The First 1000 Days Of The Child Decernis, Regulatory Round Up ...... 12 ITC, 15 Research in Health & Nutrition ...... et k et et et k k k

AAK Kamani, oc oc oc oc kR kR kR kR Food Science and Industry News 37 JRS (Rettenmaier) India ......

Pvt. Ltd. k.com/Stoc k.com/Stoc k.com/Stoc k.com/Stoc & Regulatory News ...... 43 e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Vista Processed Foods Pvt. Ltd. Cover Image © iStock.com/SergeyNivens Imag Imag Imag Imag Cover Design & Bulletin Layout by Ms. Leena Shanbhag

GOVERNING Chairperson: Mr. Bhupinder Singh, Vista Processed Foods BOARD VICE CHAIRPERSON: Mr. Sailesh Venkatesan, Mead Johnson Nutrition HON Treasurer: Dr. Shatadru Sengupta, Hardcastle Restaurant India ELECTED MEMBERS: Advisors: Dr. B. Sesikeran, ex-Director, National Inst Nutrition, H’bad Ms. Anshu Gupta, General Mills hee Mrs. Madhavi Trivedi, Kelloggs Co-opted Members: CO-OPTED Past Chairmen: Mr. Prakash Chawla, AAK Kamani Ms. Richa Mattu, HUL Dr. Vilas Adhikari, ex-DSM k.com/borc Mr. Arun Kelkar, Hexagon Nutrition Dr. Prabodh Halde, Marico Mr. S.D. Pandit, ex-L&T Mr. Sanjaya Mariwala, OmniActive Dr. TSR Murali, Mother Dairy Dr. J. I. Lewis, ex-Marico e © iStoc Health Technologies Imag Mr. V. Mohan, Inttl Advocare Dr. Shaminder Pal Singh, Pepsico Dr. G.M. Tewari, ex-Coca Cola Mr. Amitabh Tewari, Parle Products Ms. Shilpa Telang, Tata Chemicals Mr. R. D. Shenoy, ex-Cadbury EDITORIAL

New regulations on Advertisements & regulations. Claims have been notified and will come into force on July 1, 2019. This is A new feature is that certain claims like a long awaited regulation and several natural, fresh, pure, original, traditional, genuine, real etc. have been allowed to be used terms have been defined and/or under specified conditions. However, certain clarified. The manufacturers can now words and phrases like home-made or home make a lot of claims such as the food is cooked will not be permitted to be used as they natural or fresh or is rich in particular give erroneous impression to consumers. nutrient or is free of some undesirable ingredient. There is a claims approval procedure given in the regulations which will be followed and We are planning to have expert articles and there will be fees charged for this process. opinions in our magazine soon to help our members and other readers to understand the It would take a little while before industry implications of the regulations and what adequately understands the implications of claims they can or cannot make. these and will find restrictions or difficulties if OO OO any which would be brought to the notice of OO Earlier there used to be claims like reduced in regulators. In the meanwhile, many companies , HASL , HASL will start advertising their products with these , HASL o o salt or sugar to attract people trying to lower o their consumption of sugar and/or salt. new regulations. However, it was noticed that even though a very small reduction was made one could Since there are many new products allowed k/a_namenk k/a_namenk make this claim as there was no regulation with health benefits and there are many health k/a_namenk governing these claims. However, now there claims allowed under these regulations, we expect that there will be substantial growth in e © iStoc e © iStoc are conditions given before one can make such e © iStoc claims. this category of food products. Indians are Imag Imag affected by many lifestyle diseases such as Imag In nutrient claims, both content claims as well hypertension, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, as comparative claims can be made. However, and others. They would be happy to get food there are conditions defined for both, so earlier products that would reduce the risk of such vagueness has somewhat gone and consumers diseases. They would like to make changes in now may understand better these nutrient their diets by adjusting certain nutrients and claims. control ingredients. Such declaration may be useful in this. Hoping for better consumer There are some health claims allowed for health, foods. However, while making these, the manufacturers cannot make claim that the Prof. Jagadish S. Pai, food can prevent, alleviate, treat or cure a Executive Director, disease. That would be the function of a PFNDAI medicine. However, a disease risk reduction claim could be made either in specified conditions given therein or if it could be scientifically substantiated as laid down in the

PFNDAI Nov 2018 the WINNING FORMULA

By Poornima Shankar, Sr Research Scientist, Functional Foods Division, R & D, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore

The world of functional food is an combination to be added in markers as well as the bioactive ens ens ens exciting emerging area of unique functional foods. FSSAI also makers, which may or may not be yNiv yNiv yNiv e e e food products. It is a world of dictates through its list of plant or the same compound, is important to promises, anticipation, hope, botanical ingredients, the permitted ensure potency, safety and efficacy motivation and challenges! It is a plant parts, range of usage in terms of the phyto extract. story of passion delivered! of raw herb/ material per day for k.com/Serg k.com/Serg k.com/Serg adults & children, and type of It is recommended to use whole Functional foods offer to extracts that can be used. This may part of the plant extract versus e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc consumers, the anticipation of not sound restrictive however, it using the single isolated bioactive of somewhat eases the job of the plant. This is because, smaller, Imag Imag Imag just the mundane nutrients but, something extra that helps them formulators in making their distinctive bioactive compounds stay healthy and strong. For decisions. “Development of often, acting as bioactive enhancers businesses, it is a story of hope, of formulations with botanicals are which also contribute to the benefits differentiating by bringing often guided by ayurvedic experts provided by the herb and their something novel that merges the who also recommend dosages and inclusion is useful to provide a knowledge of forgotten benefits of phytochemists who provide authentic holistic approach that mimics the everyday ingredients with consumption of the herb naturally. stable extracts.” contemporary science. For Using whole part of the plant marketing teams, it motivates extractis known to nullify the Pharmacognosy and through USPs with key possibility of side effects which is phytochemistryteams screen agri- differentiators that promise to stand the bane of many allopathic sources of herbs,check their out in the crowded shelf space of formulations. authenticity, sustainability, similar products in the category. ecological impact, markers and Functional foods is an area that their standardization. It is critical to The Food Safety and Standards food formulators aspire to get their evaluate contamination and Actallows the use of plants or hands into, experience, learn and adulteration to reduce bio-burden, botanicals or their parts in the form come out with the winning meet standards for heavy metals of powder, concentrate or extract in formulation after going through the and ensure safety of the ingredients water, ethyl alcohol or hydro rigour and heart breaks with a good sourced and also provide alternate alcoholic extract, single or in dose of challenges thrown in! sourcing.Identifying the analytical

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Enzymes in Improvement of Food Process

galactose for producing Sources of Enzyme lactose-free dairy products Enzymes used in food industry are for those who are lactose derived from animal, botanical and intolerant. Rennet facilitates microbial sources. Typically in separation of curd from cheese making enzymes from whey in cheese making. In animals specifically proteases from cheese manufacture it is calf, goat or sheep are used as important to consider rennet. Lipases also from animals carefully the source of are used in flavour development. enzyme and the function it Two most common enzymes from Image © iStock.com/michaelpuche provides in the process. botanical sources are papain, a There are also enzymes that help protease from dried latex of papaya prevent formation of acrylamide in Animal enzymes, fermentation- and bromelain, a protease extracted French fries, pastry products, and produced chymosin, and lipases from mature pineapple plant stem. bread. There is also an enzyme from A. niger or Mucorjavonicus Both are used in meat tenderizers. which helps reduce salt in bakery are commonly used in cheese Ficin from latex of figs was also products by maintaining the making. Lipases and proteases from used for protease in the past but stability and machinability of Rhizopus and yeast sources can be shortages of figs curtailed its use. dough in salt-reduced formulations. used for flavour development in There is a lipase that improves cheese but are less commonly used. Enzymes can be derived from dough stability, increases volume These enzymes are used in specialty microbial sources through and helping dough handling. A cheeses and flavouring applications. fermentation. Microbes could be bacterial xylanase strengthens One company has developed a bacteria, fungi or yeasts. Some dough too and a cellulase improves rennet from thistle flower, common ones for food applications both dough proofing and the overall Cynaracardunculus. This is are Bacillus coagulans, bread quality. standardised to provide consistent Aspergillusniger and milk clotting for cow, buffalo, goats, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzymes for Sugar Reduction sheep and camel milks. It clots or Enzymes from different source Enzymes also help meet two hydrolyses alpha, beta, kappa and organisms may work on same specific food trends namely sugar gamma caseins whereas microbial- substrate but they may work at reduction and fibre inclusion. There derived rennet tends to clot only different pH and temperature ranges are major reformulation efforts for kappa casein. and the way they cleave the manufacturers. Carbohydrate substrate at different points so may modifying enzymes have been Other types of enzymes help create be used for different applications in developed specially for reducing flavours and textures that different products. added sugar in products and to differentiate their cheeses from enrich products with fibre. Range of others. One lipase accelerates Some enzymes are used to change enzymes consisted of enzymes development of sharp and piquant properties of foods such as viscosity specifically active on pectin, xylan flavours by hydrolysing milk fat or solubility. Proteases increase and mannan, allowing them to add triglycerides. Another enzyme solubility and reduce viscosity. bovine chymosin maintains cheese value to various food applications. Enzyme β-fructofuranosidase is Some of the functions of these texture over shelf life, especially for β enzymes include building polymers mozzarella, string cheese and used for FOS production, - 1,3- and oligosaccharides from simple cheddar by slowing the proteolytic glucanase is used for yeast cell wall monomeric and dimeric sugars or activity of cheese. One microbial hydrolysis and an invertase from reducing large complex polymers to coagulant has high thermolability fungal source rather than yeast smaller oligosaccharides for use as and is used in Swiss cheeses and source is used because of greater soluble fibre or bulking agents. hard cheeses like Parmesan and heat stability and ability to work at pecorino. Some animal lipases are low pH level. This invertase is used Cheese Improving Enzymes used as ripening enzymes to for making candy with natural red Enzymes are quite useful in dairy develop flavours in various Italian colours as well as for added industry as they help to increase the cheeses, blue cheese, feta cheese and sweetness and softness in bakery cheese yield, enhance texture, taste others. Some proteases increase products. and flavour and also produce ripening times and optimise taste lactose-free products. Lactase characteristics in various natural (Extracted from article by Karen converts lactose to glucose and ripened cheeses and enzyme- Nachay in Food Technology March modified cheese. 2018)

PFNDAI Nov 2018 Image © iStock.com/VikramRaghuvanshi Quiz competitionwhichw g pursuing underg on thetheme“Maln dense recipesuppor Nutrition R intercollegiate competitionssuchas in Bengalur Dietetics andHomeSciencecolleg and Nutrition,Nutrition P Children”. Thehighlightof and Dr The Prog child health. 1000 daysofthechildforbetter Undernutrition duringthefirst interventions onaddressing 2018 toensurefocussed Nutrition Month-September6th, on theoccasionofNational (PFNDI) incollaborationwith Development Prog No Pranjal ,Head-Sustainability , interest forstudentse A the onustoconductaNutrition AutonomousBengaluru hastaken Dietetics, MountCarmelCollege, Department ofNutritionand “Maln Health F Additional ProfessorfromPublic professed byDr FIRST 1000D UNDERNUTRITION DURINGTHE ADDRESSING INDIA’SB raduate courseinF rotein FoodsandNutrition PFNDAI No wareness v o ram w zymes SouthAsiaPvt.Ltd. utrition inIndianChildren” . Ramasubaramanian,VR oundation of ram w v 2018 as theseminaron Activity andaSeminar ecipe Contest-“Nutrient u. Itbeganwith Association ofIndia . GiridharBabu, as scheduledatthe raduate andP ting g utrition in ood Science x India;Mr clusi ro as based v wth”and the el y ost The . es Pranjal hadaddressedtheroleof eating contributing tomaln print asoneof processing tocombatmaln integ F w psy impor lunch ,thesessionbyDr and culti immediateen emphasised onfoodw n by pro of audience onLifecoursetrajectories Dr under through proteinfor approach tocombatmaln Ramasubramanian focussedonan brought outtherealityof giving openingremar Dr giving openingremar giving openingremar Dr utrition infoodandhadalso ood T omen asw By Mount CarmelCollege Department ofNutrition&Dietetics, Associate Professor&Head, Mount CarmelCollege Department ofNutrition&Dietetics, Associate Professor&Head, Dr Dr Dr . GeethaSanthosh . GeethaSanthosh under . GiridharBabuenlightenedthe chosocial stressinpregnant NUTRITION WEEKA rating biotechnolog . SangeetaP . SangeetaP . SangeetaP n . Ontheotherhand,Mr tance of viding criticalcomponentsof utrition atthe ech A v n ate thecultureof utritionand specified Y ell astackling vironment of measuring thekeyfactors S OFTHECHILD tification and ks ks ks utrition. P astag andey andey andey y withfood . protein utrition thechild utrition health e foot . ost URNING ISSUE:

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9 Nutrition Week Activity Report: Addressing India’s Burning Issue: Undernutrition During The First 1000 Days Of The Child

The Hosting Delegates Recipe Contest

Inaugural Ceremony The Participants

Registration Quiz

PFNDAI Nov 2018

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RESEARCH IN HEALTH &NUTRITION

Lifestyle intervention may association. The quality of protein mitigate weight gain due to supplements for athletes The prospective cohort study September 25, 2018 Science Daily ovic ubiquitous contaminant included 957 individuals who September 25, 2018 Science Daily participated in the Diabetes Powdered protein supplements Prevention Program Outcomes are one of the most commonly A new study finds that Study and were followed for

perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl consumed nutritional k.com/dusanpetk approximately 15 years. Study supplements, whether by substances (PFASs) are associated participants who were randomized with increases in weight, but professional athletes or to a lifestyle intervention group amateurs, even by those who use e © iStoc exercise and diet may reduce the received training in diet, physical obesogenic effects of these them for aesthetic purposes Imag activity, and behaviour instead of sporting ones. environmental contaminants. modification. The study, entitled Association of This study, led by a researcher from Participants randomized to placebo the Area of Human Motility and Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl were given standard information Substances with Adiposity, led by Sporting Performance at the about diet and exercise. The University of Seville, has analysed researchers from the Harvard Pilgrim investigators found that among Health Care Institute and the Harvard the quality of these products in adults at high risk for diabetes, function of their source, treatment T.H Chan School of Public Health higher plasma PFAS concentrations (HSPH) was published on August 31 and storage. "During the were associated with a prospective preparation of powdered protein in JAMA Network Open. PFASs are and long-term increase in weight a group of synthetic chemicals that supplements, the thermal treatment and hip girth among individuals involved can reduce the nutritional are detected in over 95% of the U.S. randomized to the placebo group, population. These substances have value of the product, an aspect that, but not for those randomized to the until now, has received little been used in non-stick cookware, oil- lifestyle intervention. The results and water-resistant textiles, research attention. Lysine, an amino indicate that lifestyle changes of acid involved in this reaction, is greaseproof food packaging, personal exercise and diet can reduce the care products, floor polish, and fire- transformed into other compounds obesogenic effects of environmental that are not biologically usable. fighting foams and as industrial exposures. surfactants among other applications. Exposure to PFASs occurs through "Exercise and a balanced diet confer Image © iStock.com/ direct and indirect sources including multiple benefits; our study results Schroptschop contaminated drinking water and suggest that another added benefit is food, personal care products, soil, fighting the obesogenic action of dust, and air. The study sought to environmental chemicals such as determine the extent to which PFASs PFAS" said lead author Andres are associated with increases in Cardenas, PhD, MPH, Research weight and body size and to evaluate Fellow in the Department of whether a lifestyle intervention of Population Medicine at the Harvard exercise and diet, modifies this Pilgrim Health Care Institute.

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In addition, according to the thermal sporting performance research supports previous findings treatment received, changes can be According to the experts, the that show how important a produced in the protein structure, consumption of good quality prospective mother's diet and which means that these supplements protein supplements, as can be the lifestyle choices are for the are less digestible for the body. case with an isolate of milk serum, development of her baby. According Therefore, it was importance to can produce benefits for both health to Laitinen, a mother's diet during investigate this matter deeply," and sporting performance. There is pregnancy and breastfeeding is the explains the University of Seville scientific evidence that backs the main way that valuable long-chain teacher Antonio J. Sánchez. idea that they can help to minimise polyunsaturated fatty acids become the loss of muscle mass in old available to a fetus and infant brain The results indicate that half the people or help those who practise during the period of maximum supplements analysed contain more sports in which strength is brain growth during the first years than 6% of blocked Lysine, but only important to achieve an optimised of a child's life. Such fatty acids help 9% had a content of more than 20% level of muscle performance, for to shape the nerve cells that are of blocked lysine. In addition, the example. This study was part of a relevant to eyesight and particularly supplements with the highest multidisciplinary project, in which the retina. They are also important concentrations of blocked lysine were more than 5,000 individuals of in forming the synapses that are hydrolysed and peptide serums (12%), different profiles participated: vital in the transport of messages while the lowest concentrations were international sportspeople, whole between neurons in the nervous registered by serum and casein national teams, amateur system. isolates. The study also served to sportspeople, gym users, etc. prove that the content of carbon "Knowing what use is made of these In this study, Laitinen and her hydrates as shown on the label could supplements can help us to colleagues analysed the results of 56 be an "indirect but useful" indication understand the legal and mothers and their children drawn of the thermal damage done to milk educational needs in that regard, from a larger study. The mothers serum supplements. and improve the information we had to keep a regular food diary give to society." This project had the during the course of their However, the experts indicate that, a collaboration of various Spanish, pregnancy. Fluctuations in their priori, the consumption of protein European and Latin-American weight before and during pregnancy supplements does not offer any health universities. were taken into account, along with problems, provided that a product has their blood sugar level and blood complied with quality controls, is Fish-rich diets in pressure. Aspects such as whether bought in a specialised and approved pregnancy may boost they smoked or developed diabetes establishment and is made using the related to pregnancy were also correct criteria. "There are babies' brain development noted. increasingly more cases in which the September 20, 2018 Science Daily consumption of supplements means, The team recorded the levels of unknown to the consumer, the Women could enhance the nutritional long-chain consumption of substances that can development of their unborn polyunsaturated fatty acid sources have adverse effects on their health. child's eyesight and brain function in the mother's diet and blood Therefore, nutritional evaluation must by regularly eating fatty fish serum, and the levels in the blood of be the first step when advising during pregnancy. their children by the age of one sportspeople on diet strategies or the month. use of supplements," the researcher This is the suggestion from a small- adds. scale study led

by Kirsi a y Nutritional evaluation must always be Laitinen of the tailored to the individual and done by University of a professional who takes into account Turku and Turku the person's detailed medical and k.com/Lisovska nutritional history, evaluation of their University diet, anthropometry, and analysis of Hospital in their body and biochemical Finland, in the e © iStoc Springer composition, before prescribing any Imag supplement. Nature-branded journal Pediatric Real benefit for health and for Research. The

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Research in Health & Nutrition

Their children were further tested published several types of immune cells and around their second birthday using Science Daily September 19, 2018 appears to function as a brake on pattern reversal visual evoked excessive inflammation. Ting and potentials (pVEP). This sensitive Scientists from the UNC School colleagues in recent years have and accurate, non-invasive method of Medicine discovered that the published studies showing that mice is used to detect visual functioning anti-inflammatory protein lacking the NLRP12 gene are highly and maturational changes occurring NLRP12 normally helps protect susceptible to excessive within a young child's visual mice against obesity and insulin inflammation, including system. resistance when they are fed a experimental colon inflammation high-fat diet. (colitis) and associated colon The subsequent analyses of the cancer. visual test results revealed that The researchers also reported that infants whose mothers ate fish three the NLRP12 gene is underactive in In recent years, researchers have or more times a week during the last people who are obese, making it a found evidence that inflammation trimester of their pregnancy fared potential therapeutic target for in the gut and in where fat is better than those whose mothers ate treating obesity and diabetes, both deposited promotes obesity. About no fish or only up to two portions of which are risk factors for 40 percent of adults and 20 percent per week. These observations were cardiovascular disease and other of children and teens age 2 to 19 in further substantiated when the serious conditions. The study, the United States are considered serum phospholipid fatty acid status published in Cell Host & Microbe, obese, according to recent was evaluated. showed that NLRP12's anti- government estimates. Being obese inflammatory effect promotes the or even overweight can lead to a "The results of our study suggest growth of a "good" family of gut- host of other conditions, including that frequent fish consumption by dwelling bacteria, called heart disease, stroke, cancers, and pregnant women is of benefit for Lachnospiraceae, that produce diabetes. Ting and colleagues in this their unborn child's development. small molecules butyrate and study therefore sought to determine This may be attributable to long- propionate, which in turn promote whether mice lacking the NLRP12 chain polyunsaturated fatty acids gut health and protect mice against gene are more susceptible to obesity. within fish, but also due to other obesity and insulin resistance. The findings showed that they are. nutrients like vitamin D and E, which are also important for "Obesity is influenced by The scientists fed mice that lacked development," explains Laitinen. inflammation, not just by overeating the NLRP12 gene (NLRP12- and lack of exercise, and this study knockout mice) and ordinary mice a "Our study therefore highlights the suggests that reducing inflammation high-fat diet for several months. The potential importance of subtle promotes 'good' bacteria that can NLRP12-knockout mice ate and changes in the diet of healthy help maintain a healthy weight," drank no more than their healthy women with uncompromised said study senior author Jenny P-Y cousins but accumulated pregnancies, beyond prematurity or Ting, PhD, a William R. Kenan, Jr. significantly more fat and became nutritional deficiencies, in Distinguished Professor of heavier. The knockout mice also regulating infantile Genetics. "In mice, we showed that showed signs of insulin resistance, neurodevelopment," adds Laitinen, NLRP12 reduces inflammation in which involves a reduced ability to who believes that their results the gut and in adipose fat tissues. clear glucose from the bloodstream should be incorporated into Although a direct causal effect is and tends to follow the development counselling given to pregnant difficult to show in humans, our of obesity. women about their collaborators did diets. help us show The absence of NLRP12 in these there are reduced mice led to increased signs of Anti- at Deniz expression levels inflammation in the gut and in fat inflammatory of NLRP12 in deposits, but it wasn't clear how this individuals who led to extra weight gain until the protein promotes k.com/Mur researchers moved the animals from healthy gut are considered obese." one facility to another. Following bacteria to curb standard safety protocols to prevent e © iStoc obesity In humans, disease spread, the researchers New approach to Imag NLRP12 is dosed the mice with antibiotics weight loss and produced by before the move. diabetes prevention

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"We noticed that the mice treated during three weeks of high-fat Ting and colleagues plan to with antibiotics gained less weight eating and found that these "good" continue their investigations in that than the mice that stayed in the old bacteria reduced gut inflammation, direction. facility," said study co-first author eliminated the hegemony of Agnieszka Truax, PhD, a harmful Erysipelotrichaceae, and Dietary fibre reduces brain postdoctoral researcher in the Ting promoted more bacterial diversity. inflammation during aging lab during the study. "That led us to The Lachnospiraceae also September 14, 2018 Science Daily suspect that gut bacteria were significantly protected the animals involved in promoting obesity." against obesity and associated As mammals age immune cells in insulin-resistance. "All the the brain known as microglia Further tests showed that when inflammatory and metabolic become chronically inflamed. In NLRP12-knockout mice were kept in changes we had seen in the this state, they produce a bacteria-free condition, the mice did NLRP12-knockout mice during a chemicals known to impair not gain weight because there were no high-fat diet were essentially cognitive and motor function. bacteria. The deficiency of NLRP12 reversed when we re-supplied That's one explanation for why didn't matter as much. This suggested Lachnospiraceae," Truax said. memory fades and other brain that "bad" bacteria had been driving functions decline during old age. the excess weight gain during a high- Lachnospiraceae contain enzymes But, according to a new study fat diet. Remarkably, the knockout that convert carbs and fiber into from the University of Illinois, mice were also protected from excess small molecules called short-chain there may be a remedy to delay weight gain when they were co- fatty acids (SCFAs). The scientists the inevitable: dietary fibre. housed with control mice, hinting that observed that two in particular, "good" bacteria from the control mice butyrate and propionate, appeared Dietary fibre promotes the growth were getting into them and helping to in significantly greater abundance of good bacteria in the gut. When protect them. when Lachnospiracea levels rose. these bacteria digest fibre, they Butyrate and propionate are known produce short-chain-fatty-acids Scientists have known that high-fat to have anti-inflammatory (SCFAs), including butyrate, as by- diets, as compared to low-fat diets, properties that promote gut health. products. "Butyrate is of interest tend to reduce the diversity of The UNC team fed these SCFAs to because it has been shown to have bacterial species in the gut by the NLRP12-knockout mice and anti-inflammatory properties on suppressing some species and found that SCFAs protected the microglia and improve memory in allowing a few others to proliferate animals from the absence of mice when administered abnormally. The UNC researchers NLRP12 just as well as the pharmacologically," says Rodney confirmed this in their high-fat-eating Lachnospiraceae had done. Johnson, professor and head of the mice, and they observed that the loss Department of Animal Sciences at of bacterial diversity was much worse Butyrate, propionate, and other U of I, and corresponding author in the Nlrp12-knockout mice. The SCFAs are already widely available on the Frontiers in Immunology experiments suggested that as health supplements. But are these study. inflammation caused by a high-fat results in mice relevant to humans? diet and worsened by the absence of A further test suggested that they Image © iStock.com/SIphotography NLRP12 was a major cause of this are. Collaborating scientists Mihai shift. Killing off rival bacterial species Netea, MD, PhD, and Rinke allowed a sharp rise in the levels of a Stienstra, PhD, from Radboud bacterial family called University Medical Center in the Erysipelotrichaceae. These microbes Netherlands examined fat cells from became more prominent as gut obese human patients and observed inflammation worsened and that the higher the measure of exacerbated the weight-gain from a obesity -- the body-mass index -- the high-fat diet when put into the guts of lower the activity of the NLRP12 otherwise germ-free mice. gene tended to be.

By contrast, the Lachnospiraceae Thus, treating people with "good" family of bacteria, which tended to bacteria or the beneficial SCFAs die off in mice fed a high-fat diet, they produce might one day be a appeared to be highly beneficial. The relatively inexpensive strategy to researchers fed Lachnospiraceae to combat obesity as well as diabetes NLRP12-knockout mice prior to and and other obesity-driven conditions.

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Although positive outcomes of Obesity: We sodium butyrate -- the drug form -- k.com/naito8 k.com/naito8 k.com/naito8 inherit the were seen in previous studies, the mechanism wasn't clear. The new dangerous fat e © iStoc e © iStoc study reveals, in old mice, that e © iStoc from Dad -- and butyrate inhibits production of the good fat from Imag Imag Imag damaging chemicals by inflamed Mom microglia. One of those chemicals September 6, 2018 is interleukin-1, which has been Science Daily associated with Alzheimer's disease in humans. A team of intestinal inflammation on the low- researchers, led by Understanding how sodium fibre diet," Johnson says. "It's Professor Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld butyrate works is a step forward, but interesting that young adults didn't from the Department of the researchers were more interested have that inflammatory response on Biochemistry and Molecular in knowing whether the same effects the same diet. It clearly highlights Biology, University of Southern could be obtained simply by feeding the vulnerability of being old." Denmark, Elena Schmidt from the mice more fibre. "People are not the Max Planck Institute for likely to consume sodium butyrate On the other hand, when old mice directly, due to its noxious odour," Metabolism Research, Cologne, consumed the high-fibre diet, their Germany and Martin Bilban from Johnson says. "A practical way to intestinal inflammation was the Medial University, Vienna, get elevated butyrate is to consume reduced dramatically, showing no Austria, have made a ground- a diet high in soluble fibre." The difference between the age groups. concept takes advantage of the fact Johnson concludes, "Dietary fibre breaking discovery in obesity that gut bacteria convert fibre into can really manipulate the research. butyrate naturally. inflammatory environment in the gut." The next step was looking at The team has discovered a new "We know that diet has a major signs of inflammation in the brain. function of the gene H19. This gene influence on the composition and The researchers examined about 50 proves to have a unique protective function of microbes in the gut and unique genes in microglia and effect against the development of that diets high in fibre benefit good found the high-fibre diet reduced overweight and consequently could microbes, while diets high in fat and the inflammatory profile in aged affect the onset of overweight- protein can have a negative animals. associated disease such as diabetes, influence on microbial composition overweight and cardiovascular and function. Diet, through altering The researchers did not examine the diseases. H19 belongs to the app. gut microbes, is one way in which it effects of the diets on cognition and one percent of our genes, which we affects disease," says Jeff Woods, behaviour or the precise -- as opposed to the remaining 99 professor in the Department of mechanisms in the gut-brain axis, percent -- inherit exclusively from Kinesiology and Community but they plan to tackle that work in either our mother or father, the so- Health at U of I, and co-author on the future as part of a new, almost- called monoallelic genes. As a result the study. $2 million grant from the National of extensive studies, the researchers Institute on Aging, part of the have also discovered how genes Butyrate derived from dietary fibre National Institutes of Health. derived from our father primarily should have the same benefits in the Although the study was conducted lead to the development of white fat brain as the drug form, but no one in mice, Johnson is comfortable tissue, which most often are found had tested it before. The researchers extending his findings to humans, if on the stomach, thighs and fed low- and high-fibre diets to only in a general sense. "What you backside, and which can lead to groups of young and old mice, and eat matters. We know that older metabolic diseases. then measured the levels of butyrate adults consume 40 percent less and other SCFAs in the blood, as dietary fibre than is recommended. Likewise, it appears that genes from well as inflammatory chemicals in Not getting enough fibre could have our mother primarily lead to the the intestine. negative consequences for things development of brown fat tissue, you don't even think about, such as which is characterized by having a "The high-fibre diet elevated connections to brain health and protective effect against obesity. butyrate and other SCFAs in the inflammation in general." Professor Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld blood both for young and old mice. and Martin Bilban are delighted But only the old mice showed with the research results. In their

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"By using mouse models, we have "Growth and nutrition are essential and discharged after the first month identified that the gene H19 performs for premature babies, since as they of life were included. The study a form of gene control in brown fat get bigger they generally require less excluded infants with chromosomal cells. We have been able to intervention," says lead author abnormalities or congenital demonstrate that an over-expression Gustave Falciglia, MD, MSc, anomalies because of the uncertain of the H19 gene in mice protects neonatologist at Ann & Robert H. influence these conditions may have against obesity and insulin resistance. Lurie Children's Hospital of had on metabolism and growth. In addition, we have been able to Chicago and Assistant Professor of detect similar patterns of gene control Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine at Changes in calories and protein in obese people. We therefore believe Northwestern University Feinberg intake were estimated during five that our results can be the first step School of Medicine. "Our study transition phases from full towards developing ground-breaking provides important information to intravenous nutrition to full enteral new and improved treatments for help neonatologists assess the total nutrition. In each phase, researchers obesity-related diseases," says nutritional effects of their combined determined the effects of nutrition Professor Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld. orders as they gradually decrease delivery practices including intravenous nutrition and increase intravenous nutrition, intravenous Image © iStock.com/Focus_on_Nature enteral feeds." lipids, central line, feeding fortification, fluid restriction and Currently, the electronic health excess non-nutritive fluid intake. record does not calculate the total Based on their findings, the authors nutrition babies receive from various recommend specific approaches to nutritional delivery practices during maximize calorie and protein intake the transition to full enteral feeds. during various transition phases. Managing optimal nutrition during the transition is a complex process Fish oil supplement in and the study suggests that an pregnancy is linked to automated system is needed to help clinicians weigh the trade-offs in increase in lean and bone calorie and protein intake with mass by age 6 years Ways to maximize nutrition different nutrition delivery practice September 4, 2018 Science Daily and growth for the smallest decisions. Fish oil supplement in the later preemies stages of pregnancy is September 5, 2018 Science Daily "Ultimately, we would like to develop an automated tool to associated with a higher body The tiniest of premature infants -- provide immediate feedback on the mass index (BMI) in children in weighing just over two pounds at calories and protein the baby is the first six years of life, which birth on average -- start out getting through multiple vehicles is explained by an increase in receiving nutrition intravenously. used to deliver nutrition during the total lean and bone mass at 6 transitional stages," says Dr. years of age, but with no Over the next several days or weeks, Falciglia. "This would substantially increase in fat mass, suggest the they are transitioned to enteral (or help clinicians optimize nutrition findings of a large randomised through the gut) feeds, often delivered and growth in very low birth weight controlled trial published by The through feeding tubes if the baby still infants." BMJ today. cannot suck or swallow. During this transition, preemies are fed through a The study was a Image © iStock.com/Hope Connolly mixture of methods, but the total retrospective analysis of protein intake tends to drop, which detailed nutritional and fluid interferes with growth. To help data received by 115 very clinicians maximize nutrition and low birth weight infants over growth in these infants, researchers 4,643 days at Lurie quantified the gains and losses of Children's regional neonatal different nutrition delivery practices intensive care unit (NICU). during the transition to enteral feeds. The median gestational age Their results were published in the was 28 weeks and median Journal of Pediatrics. birth weight was 1,060 grams. Infants admitted within the first week of life

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Studies in animals have shown that stimulating effect." intestine. supplementing the diet with fish oil during pregnancy affects adipogenesis Scientists led by Richard Agans, of (the development of fat cells). the Department of Biochemistry However, while trials in humans have and Molecular Biology at the shown that pregnant women with a Wright State University in Dayton, otodigital otodigital higher intake of fish oil give birth to otodigital OH, conducted the new study. Its higher birth weight infants, the impact findings were recently published in on children later in life has been the journal Applied and k.com/fcaf k.com/fcaf unclear. So a team of researchers k.com/fcaf Environmental Microbiology. based in Denmark and the UK set out to examine the effect of taking fish oil The health benefits of eating carbs e © iStoc e © iStoc supplements during pregnancy on the e © iStoc Agans and colleagues designed an Imag Imag growth and body composition of Imag artificial intestine, or human gut children later in life. simulator, whose main purpose was to simulate the environment found The trial involved 736 pregnant inside the human colon. The women from the Copenhagen researchers used fecal samples from Prospective Studies on Asthma in How a low-carb diet might donors to recreate this bacterial Childhood study who were environment and added nutrients randomised to receive n-3 long-chain impact gut health first from a balanced Western diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids Medical News Today 25 September and then from a no-carb, no-protein (LCPUFAs) (fish oil) or olive oil 2018 By Ana Sandoiu diet made exclusively of fats. Then, (control) daily from week 24 of they applied a range of cutting-edge pregnancy week until one week after New research uses a "human gut technologies to examine and birth. Height, weight, head and waist simulator" to study the effects of measure the composition of measurements were assessed 11 times two different diets on the metabolites resulting from changing from birth to age 6 years and adjusted composition of gut microbiota. Its the nutrients. for age and sex. These revealed a findings illuminate the harms of sustained higher BMI from 1 year to 6 having no carbs in the diet. The study revealed that switching years of age. from a balanced diet to a high-fat, Recently, there has been a lot of no-carb diet increased strains of Body composition was assessed using debate over the role of bacteria that metabolize fatty acids. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry carbohydrates in one's diet. On one The switch also lowered bacteria (DXA) scans at 3.5 and 6 years of age hand, a diet low in carbs has been such as Bacteroides, Clostridium, and demonstrated that the higher shown to stave off insulin resistance and Roseburia, which are BMI was not the result of a higher fat and metabolic syndrome. Low-carb, responsible for degrading proteins percentage, but reflected a high-fat diets such as the keto diet and carbs. In turn, this reduced the proportional increase in lean mass, — which more and more people are production of short-chain fatty bone mass, and fat mass, suggesting adopting to lose weight — have been acids and antioxidants, which are that the fish oil supplementation had suggested to have several benefits. chemical compounds that fight a general growth stimulating effect. These range from improving DNA damage and aging by cardiovascular health to keeping the countering the harmful effects of At age 6, DXA scans showed children brain healthy. free radicals. whose mothers had taken fish oil supplements while pregnant had a On the other hand, recent studies When gut bacteria metabolize carbs, 395g higher total mass, 280.7g higher have suggested that too few carbs in say the researchers, they release lean mass, 10.3g higher bone mineral our diet may raise mortality risk, short-chain fatty acids, which have content and 116.3g higher fat mass while other researchers have positive health effects such as compared with children of mothers downright discouraged people from reducing inflammation and colon who took the control oil. The adopting low-carb diets, deeming cancer risk. "The relative beneficial researchers conclude: "The body them "unsafe." Most studies in the and harmful effects of the high-carb composition at age 6 years in children latter category are observational and high-fat diets are a subject of given fish oil supplementation was studies, but new research helps many studies and debates," says characterised by a proportional elucidate the effects of a diet low in corresponding study author Dr. increase in lean, bone, and fat mass carbs and high in fat on gut Oleg Paliy, an associate professor at suggesting a general growth microbiota by using an artificial

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Wright State University's Boonshoft at the risks and uses of carrageenan. means that we do not know if any School of Medicine. However, "One Is carrageenan bad for you? amount is toxic. It is important to aspect rarely considered in the above Different forms of carrageenan have note that no related studies have debate," point out the study authors, different uses and potential risks. involved human participants. "is how macronutrient composition Food-grade carrageenan is extracted of a diet impacts the environment of from red seaweed and processed Findings of a review from 2017 the colon and the gut microbiota with alkaline substances. indicated that even non-degraded residing in that region." When carrageenan is processed with carrageenan can cause inflammation acid, it creates a substance called and bowel disorders, suggesting that "Intestinal microbes mediate many degraded carrageenan, or this substance may contribute to dietary effects on human health," poligeenan, which carries significant ulcers and IBD. However, authors of adds Dr. Paliy. "There, most of these health warnings. a 2018 review concluded that there compounds are fermented by gut Poligeenan is an inflammatory is not enough evidence to draw bacteria." "This happens," he notes, substance. Researchers often use it conclusions about the exact health "because a significant proportion of to test new anti-inflammatory drugs effects of carrageenan. Anecdotal dietary carbohydrates, proteins, and in the laboratory. Poligeenan is not evidence suggests that eliminating fats escapes digestion in the small approved as a food additive. carrageenan from the diet can intestine, and reaches the colon, a provide relief from digestive section of the gut housing a dense What does the research say? problems, such as bloating and IBD. population of microbes." Degraded carrageenan, or However, these reports are not the poligeenan, is not safe to eat. result of scientific research. The new study "showed that human Research in animals indicates that it gut microbiota can utilize dietary causes gut tumours and ulcers, and How is carrageenan used? fatty acids to sustain growth." may even trigger colon cancer. Carrageenan has a variety of uses. Changing to a fat-only diet, the Because of the possible danger, Though it has no flavour or authors explain, "led to a substantial fewer studies have investigated the nutritional value, it is a useful decrease in the production of [short- potential effects in humans. thickening agent and stabilizer. chain fatty acids] and antioxidants Findings like these have led the Some manufacturers include it in in the colonic region of the gut, International Agency for Research products like chocolate milk, to stop which might potentially have in Cancer to list poligeenan as a the milk from separating. negative health consequences on the possible human carcinogen. This It can also substitute for fat in non- host." means that the agency has reviewed or low-fat foods and dairy the evidence that poligeenan can replacement products aimed at the Is carrageenan safe to eat? cause cancer in animals and vegan market. Medical News Today 19 September concluded that it may have the same Some manufacturers use 2018 By Amanda Barrell effect in humans. carrageenan as a binder in processed deli meats. Others inject it into pre- Carrageenan is a common food Some scientists are concerned that cooked poultry to tenderize the meat additive extracted from red food-grade carrageenan is also and keep it juicy for longer. seaweed. Manufacturers often use dangerous. This is because various Companies often use carrageenan as it as a thickening agent. The studies, dating back to the 1960s, a vegan alternative to gelatin, in United States Food and Drug show that the substance may desserts, for example. It is also a Administration (FDA) have degrade and become toxic when it common ingredient in canned pet approved the additive for use, but mixes with stomach acid. The food. concerns about its safety remain. medical commun Image © iStock.com/nazimpressions Some scientists believe that ity is carrageenan can cause unsure inflammation, digestive problems, to what such as bloating and irritable bowel extent disease (IBD), and even colon carragee cancer. However, the validity of nan these claims is hotly debated because degrades the only supporting evidence comes in the from studies in cells and animals. digestive system. In this article, we take a closer look This

PFNDAI Nov 2018 23 Non-food products, such as air replicated using: What are the benefits of freshener gels and toothpaste also • locust bean gum protein powder? frequently contain carrageenan. • gum arabic Medical News Today 18 September The FDA requires manufacturers to • alginate 2018 By Jayne Leonard state whether products contain • guar gum carrageenan on labelling. • xanthan gum Protein powder is a popular When a drink that tends to separate, nutritional supplement. Protein is Possible dangers and side effects of such as chocolate milk, does not an essential macronutrient that carrageenan contain a stabilizer, a person may helps build muscle, repair tissue, There is some debate over whether need to shake the bottle. This does and make enzymes and the findings of animal- and cell-based not affect the quality or safety of the hormones. Using protein powder studies can apply to people. product. may also aid weight loss and help If they can, the possible side effects of people tone their muscles. consuming carrageenan include: Conclusion • inflammation There has long been concern and There are many different types of • bloating debate over the safety of consuming protein powder, including dairy- • irritable bowel syndrome and IBD carrageenan. This food additive is based and plant-based powders. In • glucose intolerance produced by mixing a seaweed this article, we discuss some of the • colon cancer extract with alkaline substances. health benefits of protein powder • food allergies Scientists widely accept that and the different types available. degraded carrageenan, or Foods that contain carrageenan poligeenan, can trigger cancer and Health benefits of protein powder Because carrageenan has a variety of other health issues. Poligeenan is Protein is one of the building blocks uses, it is included in a wide range of made by mixing the same seaweed of bone, muscle, and skin. The body products. extract with acid. It is a powerful needs it to produce hormones, The following foods commonly inflammatory agent used in enzymes, and other chemicals. The contain carrageenan: laboratories. possible health benefits of protein • Dairy: whipping cream, chocolate powders include the following: milk, ice cream, sour cream, cottage Studies in animals indicate that cheese, and children's squeezable some food-grade carrageenan can Weight management yogurt products degrade, becoming poligeenan, Eating protein-rich foods and taking • Dairy alternatives: soy milk, almond when it is exposed to stomach acid. supplements may help people feel milk, hemp milk, coconut milk, and These studies have not shown fuller for longer. Feeling full tends to soy puddings and other desserts conclusively whether the amount of result in smaller portion sizes and • Meats: sliced turkey, prepared degraded carrageenan is dangerous. less frequent snacking, which can chicken, and deli meats However, because of the potential help a person maintain a healthy • Prepared foods: canned soups and risk, no researchers have conducted weight or lose weight if necessary. broths, microwavable dinners, and studies in humans. A 2017 review reported that frozen pizzas supplementing with whey protein In the U.S., the FDA have approved might reduce body weight and total Some nutritional or diet drinks carrageenan for use as a food fat mass in people who are contain carrageenan, as do some additive. overweight or obese. It may also supplements, including chewable reduce blood pressure, total vitamins. Some people report that eliminating cholesterol, and other risk factors Because it can be used as a gelatin carrageenan from the diet has for cardiovascular diseases. alternative, some manufacturers use helped relieve carrageenan in jelly-based products, symptoms of including vegan jelly desserts. stomach discomfort, Alternatives to carrageenan such as k.com/magnez2 k.com/magnez2 In the U.S., any products that contain bloating and k.com/magnez2 carrageenan must list it as an IBD. However, ingredient. A person should be able to no scientific e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc avoid carrageenan by checking research Imag Imag labelling carefully. supports these Imag Carrageenan's texture-enhancing claims. qualities, for example, can be

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Muscle growth protein intake recommendation. cadmium, and arsenic. Therefore, Protein is essential for muscle Research shows that athletes with an people should always proceed with growth. Many athletes and gym intense training regimen may benefit caution when buying protein enthusiasts consume protein shakes from having about twice the daily powders and choose a product from because they believe that these recommended intake of protein, a reputable supplier. drinks will help them bulk up after ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 g per kg of strength training. body weight. This is equivalent to How to use protein powder A 2018 analysis of 49 studies 111–159 g per day for a person who Before using protein powders, supports the use of protein weighs 175 lb. people should calculate their supplementation for this purpose. nutritional needs. Those who do not The research suggests that protein Types of protein powder get enough protein from their diet supplements significantly improve There are several different types of could consider supplementing with muscle size and strength in healthy protein powder. Whey is the most protein powders. However, it is best adults who perform resistance popular protein supplement and the to avoid consuming too much exercise training, such as lifting one that researchers have tended to protein. Some powders contain up weights. focus on, but it is not the only one. to 80 g per serving, which is too Protein supplementation was Common types of protein powder much for most people. A 2013 equally effective in men and women. include: review found that long-term However, the effectiveness may • Whey: This water-soluble milk excessive consumption of protein decrease with age, as older adults protein is popular among athletes. It may damage the kidneys and liver have higher protein requirements is a complete protein, meaning that and affect the body's bone and than younger people. it contains all of the amino acids calcium balance. Excessively high The researchers also noted that once that the human body requires from levels of protein in the diet can also protein exceeded 1.6 grams (g) per food. The body absorbs whey result in a reduced intake of other kilogram (kg) of body weight (or protein quickly and easily. beneficial foods, such as fiber-rich 0.73 g per pound (lb) of body • Casein: This type of protein is rich fruits, vegetables, and legumes that weight), the participants did not in glutamine, an amino acid that the body uses to feed and sustain gut experience any additional benefits. may speed up muscle recovery after bacteria. exercise. Casein comes from dairy, Recovery after exercise making it unsuitable for vegans and The optimal timing of protein As well as contributing to muscle people with milk allergies. The body supplementation is unclear. Many growth, protein can help repair digests this protein more slowly, so it people suggest taking it after damaged muscles and tissues. As a may be best to take it at night. workouts, but research findings are result, athletes may use protein • Soy: Soy protein is an excellent inconclusive due to studies powder to speed up recovery from alternative to whey or casein for producing conflicting results. For muscle soreness after exercise. people who do not consume dairy. It example, a 2018 study reported that Many studies report that taking also contains all the essential amino taking protein supplements with protein supplements after exercise acids. meals is more effective for weight can aid recovery by reducing muscle • Pea: Many plant-based protein management and reducing fat mass damage and improving muscle powders contain pea protein, which than taking them between meals. In performance and muscle protein is a high-quality alternative to soy- contrast, a 2014 study reported that synthesis. and dairy-based proteins. Pea a 30 g protein dose after exercise protein is a good source of the improves protein synthesis in those Added nutrition amino acid arginine. following a reduced-calorie diet. The recommended daily intake of • Hemp: Hemp seeds are complete People can mix flavoured protein protein for people aged 19 years and proteins that also contain essential powder with water according to the over is 46 g for women and 56 g for fatty acids. This makes hemp an directions on the packaging. men. excellent choice for vegans or those Alternatively, many people blend People who find it challenging to with dairy or soy allergies. protein powder into milk or fruit meet these amounts, possibly and vegetable smoothies. including some vegans and Protein shakes vary in price and vegetarians, may find that protein quality. The United States Food and Takeaway powder offers an easy solution to the Drug Administration (FDA) do not Protein powders can be a beneficial problem. regulate protein powders. According supplement for many people, Athletes, weight lifters, older adults, to a 2018 study, many of the best- especially for athletes, older adults, and people with a chronic illness selling protein powders contain vegetarians, and vegans. They are a may need to exceed the general heavy metals, such as lead, convenient source of complete

PFNDAI Nov 2018 25 Research in Health & Nutrition

protein. Sometimes they also contain the Department of Animal Sciences however? other nutrients. However, not at the University of Illinois at everyone needs extra protein. People Urbana-Champaign, is the Why fiber is good for your brain who eat a diet that is rich in meat, corresponding author of the study, A genetic analysis of inflammatory fish, dairy, and eggs and do not do and Stephanie M. Matt is the first markers conducted by the scientists intense weight training are unlikely to author of the paper. found that a high-fiber diet reduced need to take protein supplements. inflammation in the brain's People who wish to supplement their How fiber lowers inflammation microglia. The researchers suspect diet with protein powder should As Matt and colleagues explain in that this was achieved by choose a high-quality product and their study paper, microglia — a diminishing the production of a speak to their doctor or a dietitian major type of immune cell in the pro-inflammatory chemical known brain — tend to become hyperactive before using it..” as interleukin-1β, which some and chronically inflamed with age. This inflammation of the microglia studies have linked with Eating fiber can delay brain Alzheimer's. aging is one of the main causes of memory and cognitive decline in old Medical News Today 17 September 2018 Study co-author Jeff Woods, a By Ana Sandoiu age. Previous research has shown that a drug form of butyrate, which professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Community Fiber is a key element of a is a short-chain fatty acid that is produced in the colon when bacteria Health at the University of Illinois healthful diet. New research at Urbana-Champaign, comments breaks down the mechanism by ferment fiber in the gut, can improve memory and reduce inflammation on the findings. "We know that diet has a major influence on the Image © iStock.com/marilyna in mice. However, the precise mechanisms behind this weren't composition and function of entirely understood. Also, previous microbes in the gut and that diets research had not shown whether high in fiber benefit good microbes," simply increasing the dietary he points out, "while diets high in content of fiber would achieve the fat and protein can have a negative same results as the drug. influence on microbial composition and function." Altering gut So, Matt and colleagues fed young microbes, explains Prof. Woods, "is and aging mice diets high and low one way in which [diet] affects in fiber. Then, the scientists disease." measured the mice's blood levels of butyrate and their levels of pro- Prof. Johnson explains that the inflammatory substances in their findings are relevant to humans, intestines. Prof. Johnson sums up saying, "People are not likely to these findings, saying, "The high- consume sodium butyrate directly, due to its noxious odor," he says, which it can delay age-related fiber diet elevated butyrate and other but, "A practical way to get elevated brain inflammation. [short-chain fatty acids] in the blood both for young and old mice." "But," butyrate is to consume a diet high in he goes on, "only the old mice soluble fiber." "What you eat If all the studies that urge people to matters. We know that older adults consume a diet rich in fruits, showed intestinal inflammation on the low-fiber diet [...] It's interesting consume 40 percent less dietary vegetables, and whole grains for a fiber than is recommended. Not healthy life haven't convinced you yet that young adults didn't have that inflammatory response on the same getting enough fiber could have to add more broccoli to your plate, negative consequences for things perhaps this latest research will. diet. It clearly highlights the vulnerability of being old." you don't even think about, such as Eating fiber-rich foods — such as connections to brain health and broccoli, nuts, oats, beans, and whole- Also, consuming a high-fiber diet inflammation in general." Prof. grain bread — might help delay brain Rodney Johnson aging by triggering the production of reduced the intestinal inflammation a short-chain fatty acid that has anti- in aging mice so much that it was inflammatory properties. This is the indistinguishable from that of young main takeaway of a new study that mice. "Dietary fiber can really was recently published in the journal manipulate the inflammatory Frontiers in Immunology. Rodney environment in the gut," says Prof. Johnson, a professor and the head of Johnson. What about the brain,

26 PFNDAI Nov 2018 PFNDAI No Hemp seedscontainalmostasm 1. Protein compounds These seedsarefullof Nutritional benefitsofhempseeds adding themtothediet. hemp seedsandpro w source of protein. Theseseedsareacomplete tablespoon, thereare9.46gof g protein asso pro ailments ma hear Hemp seedsareespeciall making hempseedsav are completesourcesof produce nineof for allproteins Amino acidsarethebuildingblocks including omega-3sandomega-6s Cannabis sati Although hempseedscomefromthe benefits. range ofhealth profile andprovidea have arichnutritional superfood. hemp seedstobea Many peopleconsider Cathleen Crichton-Stuart September 2018By increasingl omega-3 fattyacids They ha fiber small, bro produce amind-alteringeffect.These diet. R person m are ag benefits forhear amino acidcalledarginine addition toav Medical News hemp seeds Health benefitsof 2. Unsatur pol The healthbenefitsof rams (g)of e lookatthev y reducesymptomsof yunsaturated fats vide allnineessentialaminoacids , andhealthfulfattyacids t, skin,andjoints reat sourceof elati v , impro v 2018 ust absorbthemthroughthe e antio protein,meaningthatthey wn seedsarerichinprotein, y w v ated fats , including: el The seeds seeds ybeans v T y fe ell kno eg oday 11 . Thebod a plant,theydonot ving thehealthof arious benefitsof theseacids xidant effectsand t health. etarian orv w plant-basedfoods , orabouta , arebecoming . Ine vide tipsfor , especiall essentialfatty wn. Hempseeds . Inthisar

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27 Research in Health & Nutrition

7. Reduce inflammation 9. Relieve rheumatoid arthritis outer shells at home, a person can The amount of omega-3s in hemp Rheumatoid arthritis is an use a mortar and pestle or a food seeds and the seeds' healthful omega-3 autoimmune condition. It causes the processor. to omega-6 ratio can together help to immune system to attack its own Whole seeds act as a bulking agent, reduce inflammation. In addition, tissues, which leads to inflammation and they also add fiber to the diet, hemp seeds are a rich source of in the joints. In 2014, research which can aid digestion. gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a conducted in human cells suggested Try incorporating hemp seeds into polyunsaturated fatty acid which may that hemp seed oil could have anti- the diet by: also have anti-inflammatory effects. rheumatic effects. However, a 2018 • sprinkling whole or ground seeds Some studies on animals suggest that review found a lack of conclusive on cereal or yogurt GLA can act as a potent anti- evidence to suggest that • adding the seeds to smoothies inflammatory. However, recent cannabinoids could effectively treat • baking with hemp seeds and others studies in humans suggest that the rheumatic diseases. The authors rich in omega-3s acid is not always effective. A review noted that more research is needed. • making hemp milk at home using in The European Journal of whole seeds Pharmacology states that humans Nutritional profile of hemp seeds • sprinkling hemp seeds, along with process GLA in a very complicated Hemp seeds contain plenty of other seeds or nuts, on a salad way, which may explain why the protein, healthful fatty acids, and • People can find hemp seeds in studies in humans produce more fiber. According to the United States some supermarkets, health food varied results than those on animals. Department of Agriculture (USDA), stores, and online. When looking at these studies, it is 3 tablespoons of hemp seeds contain Online stores also offer other hemp important to note that researchers 116 calories and the following products, such as hemp milk, which usually use high concentrations of nutrients: may be fortified with extra nutrients, hemp seed extracts and that eating the and hemp protein powder, which is seeds may produce less dramatic a plant-based alternative to whey Protein 9.47 g effects. protein powder. Carbohydrates 2.60 g Fat 1.20 g Reducing inflammation may help Risks Total fatty acids 14.62 g manage the symptoms of chronic Although hemp seeds come from Monounsaturated 1.62 g diseases, such as: fatty acids the cannabis plant, they ideally • metabolic syndrome Polyunsaturated fat 11.43 g contain no tetrahydrocannabinol • type 2 diabetes Saturated (THC), which is the active 1.38 g • arthritis fatty acids ingredient in cannabis. Hemp seeds • heart disease will not produce a mind-altering • non-alcohol-related fatty liver effect. However, athletes and others disease who undergo drug testing should be k.com/ aware that consuming hemp otodigital 8. Improve skin conditions products can, in some cases, lead to fcaf

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and acne can e © iStoc failed urine tests. The level of THC both result from chronic in any hemp-based product depends Imag inflammation. The anti-inflammatory on the suppliers and the compounds in hemp seeds may help. manufacturing process. In Canada, Among other possible dietary causes, Hemp seeds are also a healthful the production of hemp seeds is acne may be linked to a deficiency in source of vitamin E and minerals, tightly regulated to prevent cross omega-3s. The high omega-3 content such as calcium, iron, magnesium, contamination of THC from the in hemp seeds may help to manage potassium, and zinc. cannabis plant. A legal principle in and reduce acne symptoms. A 2018 the U.S. prohibits people from review explored the effects of dietary How to add hemp seeds to the growing hemp seeds with THC changes on skin diseases. While the diet concentrations higher than 0.3 authors found evidence that eating People can add hemp seeds to percent. The U.S. government also more omega-3s may improve smoothies and cereal. When strictly regulates the importation of symptoms of acne, determining the considering the results of studies, it hemp seeds and hemp-based extent of the effects will require more is important to note that researchers products. research. The authors also note that often use hemp seed extract, rather prebiotics and plant fibers may help to than whole hemp seeds. People can manage symptoms of AD. Hemp purchase shelled, ground, or split seeds are a rich source of plant fiber. seeds. To remove the seeds' hard

28 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Research in Health & Nutrition

Takeaway Lifestyle should aim to include low-intensity Hemp seeds have a rich nutrition People who wish to increase their aerobic exercise combined with low- profile. They contain high levels of insulin sensitivity can try making intensity resistance training in all antioxidants, fatty acids, minerals, the following lifestyle changes: major muscle groups three times a and vitamins. The shells add fiber to Getting more exercise week. the diet, and grinding the seeds Getting more exercise may be one helps the body to absorb more of way to improve insulin sensitivity. Getting more sleep the other nutrients. Some research In a 2012 study, 55 healthy adults Getting more sleep may also has suggested links between hemp participated in a 16-week exercise improve a person's insulin seeds and health benefits, but these program. The researchers found an sensitivity. In a 2015 study, 16 studies tend to use extracts with association between increased healthy people who were not high concentrations. While there are physical activity levels and improved sleeping for long enough extended potential health benefits to insulin sensitivity. This result was their sleep by 1 hour per day for 6 consuming hemp seeds, avoid eating dose-dependent, meaning that the weeks. This extra sleep led to excessive amounts. There is more the participants exercised, the increased insulin sensitivity. evidence that some seeds contain more their insulin sensitivity levels of THC that exceed the legal improved. Diet limit. The most healthful choice is Some research suggests that making to eat a varied diet that contains a Combining different exercises certain dietary changes could wide range of nutrients. The findings of a 2013 review increase insulin sensitivity. These suggest that certain types of exercise changes include: Natural ways to improve may increase insulin sensitivity Fewer carbohydrates, more more than others. The authors unsaturated fats insulin sensitivity found that a combination of aerobic Recent research suggests that Medical News Today Mon 10 exercise and strength training was replacing carbohydrates with September 2018 By Charlotte Lillis particularly effective for people both unsaturated fats may improve with and without diabetes. Based on insulin sensitivity in some people. A Insulin sensitivity refers to how their findings, the authors 2012 study investigated the effects sensitive the body's cells are in recommended that: of different diets on insulin response to insulin. Doctors • People without diabetes should do sensitivity in adults with high blood generally consider a high insulin at least 30 minutes of exercise five pressure, which is a risk factor for sensitivity to be healthy. Some times a week. This exercise should type 2 diabetes. lifestyle and dietary changes include high-intensity aerobic The researchers concluded that may help improve this exercise three times a week and eating a diet low in carbohydrates sensitivity. strength training in all major muscle and high in unsaturated fats for 6 groups twice a week. weeks may improve insulin Insulin is a hormone that helps • People with type 2 diabetes should sensitivity. The study also suggested control the amount of sugar, or do at least 30 minutes of exercise that this diet was more effective at glucose, in the blood. The body's five times a week. They should improving insulin sensitivity than a cells respond to insulin by absorbing perform long-duration, moderate- diet high in carbohydrates or a diet sugar from the blood. Low insulin intensity aerobic exercise three times that replaces some carbohydrates sensitivity is known as insulin a week and high-repetition with proteins. A 2016 systematic resistance. This can cause blood resistance training in all major review of 102 studies concluded that sugar levels to become too high and muscle groups twice a week. replacing carbohydrate and may lead to type 2 diabetes. Insulin • People with type 2 diabetes and saturated fat with polyunsaturated sensitivity varies between people limited mobility should do as much fat may improve the body's blood and can change according to various exercise as they can manage. They sugar regulation. lifestyle and dietary factors. Improving insulin sensitivity Image © iStock.com/andresr More soluble fiber may benefit people who Soluble fiber is a type have or are at risk of type 2 of dietary fiber that diabetes. In this article, we comes from plants. look at lifestyle and dietary Although this fiber is factors that may help a a type of person improve their insulin carbohydrate, the sensitivity naturally. body cannot break it down properly.

PFNDAI Nov 2018 29 Research in Health & Nutrition

As a result, it does not contribute to or omega-3 supplement spikes in blood glucose levels. Soluble for 6 weeks led to fiber also delays gastric emptying, significant which is the time it takes for a meal to improvements in leave the stomach and enter the small insulin sensitivity

intestine. A small 2014 study suggests compared to a placebo. k.com/marekuliasz that this delay may help lower blood The increase in insulin glucose levels after meals in people sensitivity was greater with type 2 diabetes. Another study still in people who took e © iStoc

suggests that eating more soluble fiber both supplements Imag may help reduce insulin resistance in together. healthy women. Magnesium Intermittent fasting Magnesium Probiotics: Does the Intermittent fasting is a type of diet supplements may also be beneficial that focuses on the timing of eating for people wanting to improve their evidence match the hype? rather than the specific foods in the insulin sensitivity. A 2016 systematic Medical News Today 6 September 2018 By Tim Newman diet. It may improve insulin sensitivity review found that taking magnesium and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes supplements for more than 4 months for certain people. A 2014 review significantly improved insulin Two new studies investigating investigated the effects of two types of resistance in people with and probiotics conclude that they do intermittent fasting in overweight and without diabetes. not benefit all people; in fact, obese adults: they might even have negative • Restricting calorie intake for 1–3 Resveratrol consequences in some cases. days per week and eating freely on the Resveratrol is a natural compound remaining days. that occurs in the skin of red grapes. Probiotics are available in many • Alternating between fast days and It is also available as a dietary products, from yogurt to pickles. feed days. People reduce their regular supplement. A 2014 meta-analysis of The live organisms contained within calorie intake by 75 percent on fast 11 studies found that taking promise to promote a healthy days and do not restrict their diet on resveratrol supplements significantly gastrointestinal tract. Advertised as feed days. improved glucose control and insulin safe and natural, probiotics have As with a daily calorie-restricted diet, sensitivity in people with diabetes. taken the market by storm. They the researchers found that both types However, the researchers did not claim to boost our gut flora and of intermittent fasting reduced insulin observe the same effects in people enhance our well-being, all in one resistance. However, this type of without diabetes and concluded that delicious mouthful. However, as the eating had no meaningful effect on there is a need for more research on latest research demonstrates, in blood glucose levels. They concluded the effects of resveratrol human biology, things are rarely so that more research is necessary. supplementation in humans. straightforward. To date, evidence to back up many of the health claims Dietary supplements Takeaway associated with probiotics is lacking. In addition to changing the foods in Low insulin sensitivity is a risk factor For this reason, researchers from the their diet, people looking to increase for developing type 2 diabetes. Weizmann Institute and the Tel Aviv their insulin sensitivity may benefit Exercising well, having enough Medical Center, both in Israel, from taking some dietary sleep, and eating a healthful diet designed two of the most supplements. According to research, high in unsaturated fats and soluble comprehensive investigations into the following supplements could fiber may help improve insulin probiotics to date. Their findings are reduce insulin resistance: sensitivity in people with and now published in the journal Cell. Probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids without diabetes. Taking probiotics or omega-3 fatty Certain dietary supplements may Senior author Eran Elinav explains acid supplements may improve insulin also be beneficial. Many of these why the team was interested in sensitivity in overweight people. A supplements are available to tackling this subject, saying, "People 2014 clinical trial investigated the purchase online: have thrown a lot of support to effects of both omega-3 fatty acids and • probiotic supplements. probiotics, even though the literature probiotics on insulin sensitivity in 60 • omega-3 supplements. underlying our understanding of adults who were overweight but • magnesium supplements. them is very controversial." "[W]e otherwise healthy. The researchers • resveratrol supplements. wanted to determine," he continues, reported that taking either a probiotic "whether probiotics, such as the

30 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Research in Health & Nutrition

ones you buy in the supermarket, do results highlight the role of the gut surprising; the microbiome is a very colonize the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in driving very specific complex web of interactions, which like they're supposed to, and then clinical differences between people." is highly variable between whether these probiotics are having individuals. To think that we could any impact on the human host." Probiotics and antibiotic recovery successfully and beneficially modify In the second study, the team set out it with such a simple intervention A new approach to answer a different question. After was perhaps far-fetched. As Elinav Most previous studies investigating a course of antibiotics, which clears says, their findings suggest "that probiotics assessed the species of out an individual's microbiome, probiotics should not be universally bacteria in participants' guts by patients are often advised to take given as a 'one-size-fits-all' analyzing stool samples, but this probiotics. The researchers wanted supplement. Instead, they could be type of proxy measure is not ideal. to understand whether this truly is a tailored to the needs of each To improve upon this method, in the good course of action. individual." scientists' first study, they measured To investigate, 21 participants took a the gut bacteria directly, using course of antibiotics before being Phytonutrient supplement endoscopies and colonoscopies. In split into three groups: shown to help prevent all, 25 people were sampled, but • a control group in which members' only 15 progressed to the next stage. microbiomes were left to recover exercise-related muscle without any intervention damage The team split them into two • a group in which members took 25 Sep 2018 Nutrition Insight groups: one took generic probiotics, the same probiotics as were used in while the other took a placebo. the first experiment Consuming a supplement rich in Shortly after, their gut bacteria were • a group in which members had carotenoids can help reduce assessed again, and then, finally, their original microbiomes muscle damage associated with they were analysed for a third time, reinstated exercise, specifically running, a 2 months after the intervention. The researchers achieved this by clinical study funded by wellness They found that some individuals treating those participants with an company Lycored has shown. simply expelled the probiotics; the autologous fecal microbiome team referred to them as resisters. transplant (aFMT) based on their According to the researchers Conversely, some people's guts own bacteria collected before they involved in the study, these initial welcomed the new microbes, and had taken antibiotics. results open the door for additional they successfully colonized their gut; studies to explore further the role of they were called persisters. Those who took the standard carotenoids and tomato probiotics saw a rapid phytonutrients in complementing an The researchers also revealed that by recolonization. However, the active lifestyle and allowing people analysing an individual's original probiotics' swift takeover prevented to optimize the benefits of exercise. microbiome and gut gene the participants' normal bacteria The results of the study have been expression, they could correctly from repopulating, and the gut flora published in the peer-reviewed predict who would be a persister and did not return to normal for months scientific periodical, International who would be a resister. Next, they afterward. The aFMT group, on the Journal of Sports Nutrition and compared stool analysis with direct other hand, saw a return to Exercise Metabolism. sampling and found that there was normality in just a matter of days. only a partial correlation. Stool "Contrary to the current dogma that samples, it seems, are not necessarily probiotics are harmless and benefit a reliable proxy to assess gut flora. everyone, these results reveal a new Image © iStock.com/Talaj "Although all of our probiotic- potential adverse side effect of consuming volunteers showed probiotic use with antibiotics probiotics in their stool," says study that might even bring long- co-author Eran Segal, a term consequences." Eran computational biologist, "only some Elinav. As Elinav adds, "In of them showed them in their gut, contrast, replenishing the gut which is where they need to be." "If with one's own microbes is a some people resist and only some personalized mother-nature- people permit them," he goes on to designed treatment that led to a full explain, "the benefits of the standard reversal of the antibiotics' effects." probiotics we all take can't be as universal as we once thought. These In some ways, the results are not

PFNDAI Nov 2018 31 Research in Health & Nutrition

The clinical study investigated the muscle tissue that is translocated to NutritionInsight. effects of a tomato-based supplement the blood compartment following that mimics the natural composition acute muscle injury from intensive “We’re constantly discovering more of the entire tomato by combining the exercise; thus considered a sensitive about the many health benefits of oil and water-soluble fractions of the marker for muscle injury. carotenoids, and this research tomato. The supplement used in the demonstrates that they can ease the study was rich in carotenoids such as Results from this study indicated toll of physical activity takes by lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene that four-weeks of ingesting the T- aiding muscle recovery. However, (T-LPP) as well as other ingredients, LPP supplement containing their benefits for physically active and is rounded by the presence of lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene consumers don’t end there. For Rosemary extract and folic acid. increased plasma carotenoid levels example, how we cope with the sun by 73 percent and diminished rises is vital for anyone who is active According to the researchers at in the acute muscle damage outdoors and Lycoderm, our Appalachian State University’s biomarker, serum myoglobin, during proprietary carotenoid blend helps Human Performance Lab in North recovery following a two-hour protect the skin from harmful UV Carolina, who conducted the study, running bout that included downhill rays, and is water- and sweat-proof,” the findings highlight how consuming running. Zeigler concludes. a T-LPP supplement results in a significant increase in the plasma “Previous animal and human

levels of the carotenoids contained data suggest that carotenoids and es within the supplement, and revealed tomato phytonutrients may be less post-exercise increase in the acute useful in attenuating the oxidative muscle damage biomarker, serum stress and inflammation induced eopleImag myoglobin, than in the placebo group. by prolonged and intensive

exercise, however evidence is k.com/P The concept was tested in a double- limited,” says Dr. Karin Hermoni, blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Head of Science and Nutrition at crossover study and involved 20 male Lycored. “With this study, we e © iStoc

and female runners (ages 22-45 years) sought to extend on previous Imag who regularly compete in long- knowledge in several ways, distance road races and were capable including the utilization of a unique Grabbing the opportunity: of running for two hours on composition that combines among Snacking NPD undergoes treadmills at around 65-70 percent of other ingredients, both the oil and health transformation their maximum velocity. the water-soluble fractions of the 24 Sep 2018 Nutrition Insight tomato. In this study, we chose an The study was conducted over a 10- exercise challenge bout that is Consumers are increasingly week period that included two four- known to induce physiological stress seeking food options that are week supplementation periods, a two- in study participants and directly suitable for on the go week washout period (after which evaluated the protective effect of the consumption, as well as being participants crossed over to the supplement on muscle damage opposite treatment, and repeated all biomarker.” nutritious. procedures), two exercise sessions and 12 blood samples. “Lycored’s philosophy is all about Traditional fast-food snacks may fall promoting overall wellness, and short as healthful demands prevail, Measurements of participants’ blood sports nutrition is an increasingly spurring ample NPD and samples and delayed-onset of muscle important part of that picture. innovation in an array of market soreness (DOMS) ratings were taken Health-conscious consumers – from areas. Nutrition on the go is pre- and post-four-weeks of athletes to casual exercisers are becoming more achievable as supplementation, immediately demonstrating growing healthier foods package themselves following the two-hour run, and then understanding of the role of in on the go friendly formats, as well again at one-hour, 24-hours and 48- nutrition in complementing physical as established snacking options hours post-run. Post-exercise serum activity. It’s that mainstreaming undergoing healthy transformations. myoglobin was found to be lower in process that is causing the sports participants who ingested the T-LPP nutrition category to grow, and yes, A survey by Welch’s Global supplement, as compared to the we anticipate further growth in Ingredients group’s found that 92 placebo group. Myoglobin is an iron- coming years,” Zev Ziegler, Head of percent of Millennials reach for a and oxygen-binding protein found in Marketing (Health) at Lycored tells snack instead of having breakfast,

32 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Research in Health & Nutrition

lunch, or dinner at least once a choice – especially while on the high-quality, cured and sliced beef, week. As for why Millennials tend move. The campaign features chicken and turkey bites. Biltong to engage in this eating habit, the images that emphasize the necessity touts its product as a clean survey found that 39 percent of of healthier choices, as many easy to ingredient and paleo friendly respondents are too busy to sit down grab options are calorie laden and alternative to traditional beef jerky and eat a meal. lack key nutrients. that is high in protein with little to no carbohydrates, sugar, or On average, one in four adults and The campaign provides adults with nitrates/additives. This is a clear one in five children eat meals out at a simple tip to help them make example of a typical snack least once a week, Helena Gibson- healthier choices while out and undergoing a healthy Moore, Nutrition Scientist at the about – aim for 400-600-600. In transformation. British Nutrition Foundation tells other words, aim for 400 calories at NutritionInsight. This behavior is breakfast, 600 at lunch and 600 at The company has recently secured a having an impact of nutritional dinner, plus a couple of healthier US$10 million investment from intake: “It is estimated from survey snacks and drinks in-between. PHE Meaningful Partners to accelerate data that around a quarter of adults’ has encouraged large food manufacturing capacity and brand calories come from food eaten companies such as Greggs, growth. Speaking on this topic, Jake outside the home. Compared with McDonald’s, Starbucks and Subway Capps, Founder of Meaningful meals prepared and eaten at home, offer meals at 400 and 600 calories Partners says, “We are excited to those eaten outside of home tend to to aid shoppers in their quest for have the opportunity to partner with have higher levels of fat, saturated health. the outstanding team at Stryve fat, added sugars, salt and lower Biltong. They have a differentiated levels of fruit and vegetables and Industry NPD responds to the call and phenomenal tasting product vitamins and minerals,” she for healthier options that is truly good for you in a fast- explains. Although many foods suitable for growing snack category. We have consumption on the go feature high great confidence that the team will “This increase in meals and snacks levels of calories and saturated fats continue to grow Stryve to become a eaten outside of the home, and sugars, Innova Market Insights leading meat snack company particularly the easy availability and data notes the nutritional content of offering specialty products, low cost of some of the higher fat, snack foods is changing in terms of including biltong, to grocery, mass, salt and sugars choices, has been protein content, fiber, vitamins and club and convenience stores shown as an important factor minerals, mirroring consumer nationwide who are seeking a contributing to rising levels of demand for healthier options. The healthy snack alternative with a overweight and obesity,” she adds. ongoing strength of the high protein clean label and incredible taste.” trend, which is about satiation, is Megan Rossi, Registered Dietician also illustrative of this shift. “For our sliced biltong, our pouches and Research Fellow at Kings are slightly smaller than other meat College London, Department of The market researcher highlights snacks on the market with the intent Nutritional Sciences echoes the that there was a 25 percent increase to make it easier to pack in a bag or sentiment that busier lifestyles can in fruit and vegetables marketed take on the go. They’re also have a damaging effect on health: with a “snack” claim from 2012 to resealable so you can enjoy at your “Increased additive intake, 2016. This increase was potentially convenience and always have a fresh decreased whole fresh food and in response to consumer calls to re- bite,” Paige Brown, Director of decreased plant-based diversity. All package healthy foods in snacking Marketing at Stryve Biltong tells of these things can occur when formats. We see examples of healthy NutritionInsight. people eat on the move, and they all snacks being packaged in pouches

can have potential negative impacts with nozzles, tubs with dips such as es on gut microbiota and health,” she hummus separate on top and tells NutritionInsight. resealable packs. eopleImag In light of the changing face of One category to illustrate the

societal eating habits, Public Health diversification of snacking is the k.com/P England (PHE), earlier this year meat snacks category, which has launched a “Nutrition on the Go” profoundly benefited from the high campaign, in an effort to increase protein trend. Stryve Biltong, a e © iStoc

public perception of caloric intake, gourmet beef biltong company Imag movement and making the right based in Texas, offers a high-protein,

PFNDAI Nov 2018 33 Research in Health & Nutrition

On the other side to the meat and healthy snacks that give them (FSAm-NPS) to reach their spectrum, Elmhurst has launched a sustained energy. We are also seeing conclusions. The study was plant-based protein drink packaged in a huge number of people identifying conducted by Mélanie Deschasaux a SIG carton, optimized for themselves as vegan, vegetarian and of the French National Institute for consumption on the go. The shake flexitarian – the market is responding Health and Medical Research, refers to itself as “The Cleanest with huge amounts of NPD to cater France and colleagues, in Protein Shake on the Planet,” tapping to these groups.” association with the WHO-IARC, into the vegan trend and touting free suggests broad potential for the use from artificial ingredient status. Indeed, in terms of a healthier of FSAm-NPS-based package reformulation in NPD, until labeling (e.g. Nutri-Score) to The new pack from Elmhurst, in November 2017, four percent of promote healthy food choices in collaboration with SIG, also features a snack launches tracked globally European settings. scannable code which allows featured a low fat claim and six consumers to explore hidden content. percent of total snacks carried a no Making healthier food choices is a The augmented reality (AR) content trans fats claim, as reported by key challenge for the prevention of delivers details that hope to emphasize Innova Market Insights. At the same cancer and other chronic diseases. that the beverage is vegan. Along the time, the percentage share of sugar To help consumers, European AR journey, there will be information claims (low sugar/no added sugar/ authorities are considering about the sustainability of SIG cartons sugar-free) in new snack launches implementing a unique nutrition as well as an opportunity for the grew from two percent in 2012 to label as a system to reflect the consumer to take a picture with a almost four percent. nutritional quality of food products, personalized face filter to share on The market for on the go nutrition is among which the five-color Nutri- social media. This connected set to expand, with innovative Score derived from the FSAm-NPS, packaging aspect also taps into other startups, as well as major players, used in France and recently overarching market trends, such as engaging in innovative NPD. It is endorsed by Belgian authorities. digitalization, increased concern over clear that snacks undergoing healthy sustainability and connectivity. transformations – such as Stryve How the consumption of foods with Biltong’s jerky – will continue to join high/low FSAm-NPS scores relates Similarly tapping into the need for the increasing number healthful to cancer risk has been studied in convenient plant-based nutrition is foods repackaging themselves and national and regional cohorts but Revolicious: clean label, plant-based innovating in order to suit on the go has not been characterized in diverse smoothie bowls with a packaging formats. European populations. In their system optimized for grab-and-go use By Laxmi Haigh study, Deschasaux and colleagues with a separate body and lid for analyzed food intake data from toppings. Such a product fits in clearly A diet consisting of foods 471,495 adults from the European with consumers trends, but is an with low nutritional quality Prospective Investigation into innovative and fresh approach to Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, 1992- snacking. ratings linked to cancer risk 2014, median follow-up: 15.3 y), in European study among whom there were 49,794 Revolicious founder, Jessica Barac, 19 Sep 2018 Nutrition Insight incident cancer cases (main tells NutritionInsight that the locations: breast, n = 12,063; increasingly busy lives of consumers The consumption of foods with prostate, n = 6,745; colon-rectum, n has left them looking for healthy and relatively low nutritional quality = 5,806). convenient foods. “We have created has been linked to an increased the first product of its kind globally: risk of developing cancer, The researchers assigned each Grab & go Smoothie Bowls with a 30- according to a study published participant's diet a British Food day shelf life. We noticed a real gap in this week in PLOS Medicine. Standards Agency nutrient profiling the market for breakfast on the go that system (FSAm-NPS) Dietary Index is nutritious and satiating.” (DI), and computed multi- The Image © iStock.com/Mike_Kiev What goes into the product is also researchers adjusted Cox proportional extremely important, Barac continues, used the hazards models to describe any as “seven out of ten people now read British Food associations between the FSAm- nutritional nutrition labels and want to Standards NPS DI and cancer risks. recognize the ingredients that are Agency Absolute cancer rates in those going into the food they eat. The nutrient with high and low (quintiles 5 market is very discerning and looking profiling and 1) FSAm-NPS DI were 81.4 for clean label, convenient, delicious system and 69.5 cases/10,000 person-

34 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Research in Health & Nutrition

The researchers found that a higher beverage consumption, in part use of acacia gum for its water FSAm-NPS DI, reflecting a lower causing the ongoing trend of sugar retaining capacities and ability to nutritional quality of food reduction to dominate the R&D improve the texture of a product. consumed, was associated with a agendas of many manufacturers. We work on this topic and are higher risk of total cancer (HR for Due to growing consumer demands receiving a lot of requests to help Q5 versus Q1: 1.07; 95 percent CI: for “healthy” products that still taste formulate gluten-free products,” she 1.03-1.10, P-trend < 0.001). and look appealing, as well as says. increasing government regulations Higher FSAm-NPS DI were and taxes on sugar content, suppliers Texture is key specifically associated with higher must face the delicate balancing act Marketing around texture is trendy: risks of cancers of the colon-rectum, of ditching sugar without losing its “We work with the replacement of upper aerodigestive tract and functional properties. gelatin, and this could be a good stomach, lung for men, and liver and opportunity to promote our postmenopausal breast for women According to Jaouen, this is where vegetable based blends.” The (all P < 0.05). The main study ingredients such as acacia gum can significant trend within texture at limitation was the use of self- play a crucial role. “Because acacia the moment is towards vegetal reported dietary data, collected once gum can answer texturing needs as a texturing compounds that can be at baseline. “This supports the bulking agent and generate [a labelled as organic, clean label and relevance of the FSAm-NPS as pleasant] mouthfeel in beverages, for non-GMO. In this space, the underlying nutrient profiling system instance, we see some interesting company sees a particular demand for front-of-pack nutrition labels, as opportunities here,” Dr. Jaouen says. for ingredients that improve the well as for other public health “Particularly in soft drinks based on qualities of plant-based dairy nutritional measures,” the authors essential oils, orange, cola and alternatives. Global sales of dairy state. citrus, as well as the growing market alternative drinks are set to reach of flavored waters, where acacia US$16.3 billion in 2018 and they Acacia gum shows strong gum can also offer fiber accounted for over 8 percent of sugar reduction and enrichment.” global dairy launches recorded by Innova Market Insights in 2017, up prebiotic potential, says This fiber aspect plays into the from 7 percent over 2016. Actual Alland & Robert growing market for products that global launches have more than 18 Sep 2018 Nutrition Insight give the digestive system a boost. doubled over a five-year period. Nearly 96 percent of global launches Due to various natural in the 12 months to the end of June According to Innova Market properties, acacia gum is a 2017 were positioned on a health Insights' consumer research, one in natural emulsifier that is platform of some kind, with clean three US consumers have increased particularly efficient in the labelling and digestive health key their consumption of plant-based stabilization of oil in water areas of interest. Nearly 88 percent milk/yogurt in the two years to the emulsions commonly used in the of launches carried a clean label end of 2017. “New drinks based on manufacturing of soft drinks. positioning of some kind (natural, milk substitutes, such as plant-based organic, no additives/preservatives, milks like coconut and oat, blends However, the ingredient is also GMO-free), with organic the most of rice starches, almond or soy widely used in dietary products due popular individually, used for nearly milks, can face some problems of to its fiber-enriching capacity and 80 percent of introductions. separation and quick sedimentation has scientifically-proven prebiotic of the solids. effects. NutritionInsight spoke with Despite acacia gum’s digestive Dr. Isabelle Jaouen, Head of R&D boosting potential, there are hurdles Image © iStock.com/mirzamlk at Alland & Robert, about the when it comes to labelling. “We market opportunities for this know thanks to many trials that ingredient at a time when digestive acacia gum is a prebiotic fiber but it health, sugar reduction and plant- cannot be labelled and no health based offerings are high on the claims can be given from it. But agenda. literature evidences that acacia gum presents some significant prebiotic Sugar content is for many health- effects,” she says. “Regarding new aware consumers an easily trends, gluten-free products stand understood aspect of their food and out. In these products, such as biscuits and bakery, we promote the

PFNDAI Nov 2018 35 Research in Health & Nutrition

Acacia gum is used to reach a better suspension of solids in vegetable Higher levels of lutein status “However, the preliminary evidence milks,” Jaouen explains, adding that may be associated in a wider from the trial in rats and a double- the company is seeing significant range of supplements or sports blind randomized controlled trial in opportunities for acacia gum in not products. humans suggests that lutein status only plant-based beverages but also for influences physical activity,” they vegan creams, sauces, ice creams and The researchers, affiliated with the added. yogurts. School of Health Sciences at the University of South Australia, They were referring to a 2014 “We are also working on complexes to argued that it is significant because it Japanese study which found that rats partially or completely replace gelatin. hints at lutein’s role in chronic given lutein-fortified milk had an We will continue to work on these disease prevention. increased voluntary run distance, specific opportunities such as high- and another from the same year by emulsifying complexes mainly for the “The hypothesis that lutein might Australian researchers (the same flavor industries,” she adds. increase physical activity is novel. team that compiled this current Therefore, while 135 studies were systematic review) which found that Supply challenges identified that had measured both 19 older adult participants who took As a natural product sourced from lutein status and physical activity, lutein had increased physical Africa, Jaouen remarks that the only 17 of them formally tested activity, reduced sedentary time primary challenge with working with whether there was a relationship compared to the 20 who took a acacia gum is ensuring a reliable between the two,” they wrote in their placebo. supply chain. report, published this week in the open-access journal Nutrients. The two studies were the only ones “At this time, we have diversified our that specifically explored a sources a lot and there are no The big question remaining is what correlation between lutein and problems regarding this or the the mechanism is — are higher physical activity, while all the other quantities supplies. Of course, our lutein levels triggered by increased studies analysed only had physical products come from Africa, and we physical activity? Or is having a high activity levels as a secondary know that there are big opportunities lutein level simply indicative of more outcome. to increase the production of our physically active people, who tend to gums. We are sure that we will not eat more fruits and vegetables than To this, the authors wrote that “the have problems,” she says, adding that those less physically active? lack of formal assessment and/or the company continues to seek ways discussion of associations between to increase production. Because most studies included in the lutein status and physical activity in review were cross-sectional, the studies that had measured relevant Considering that the demand for authors argued that it may be a case outcomes is indicative of the novelty plant-based and sugar-reduced of ‘people-who-eat-healthy-also- of the hypothesis that lutein status offerings shows no signs of declining, work-out-more.’ might influence physical activity.” ingredients that can offer much sought after functional “If increasing lutein properties will likely status, or possibly also

increase their presence yufan the status of other in future NPD, R&D carotenoids, is able to and the industry’s focus. increase physical

k.com/shun activity, this might be By Laxmi Haigh and useful for improving Lucy Gunn physical activity to e © iStoc mitigate the risk of

Imag chronic disease,” they Lutein may boost added. “However, physical activity large-scale RCTs are required to confirm and mitigate effects on physical chronic disease, activity and any study finds associated health 30 Aug 2018 Nutrition benefits.” Insight

36 PFNDAI Nov 2018 FOOD SCIENCE INDUSTRY news&

New research shows how know that the visual presentation younger girls prefer to have their affects how much children eat. 'At food served as separate ingredients. children want their food the same time, it would be nice to 'One suggestion could be that they served know whether there are big gains to believe that the different ingredients k.com/gpointstudio September 3, 2018 Science Daily be made just by arranging food on could contaminate each other. But it the plate in a certain way,' says could also be that they prefer to eat The aim of the research from Annemarie Olsen. the different elements in a certain e © iStoc Future Consumer Lab was to order or that the clear delineation Imag investigate whether children 100 children ranked food according just provides a better overview,' says prefer their food served in a to their preferred serving style Annemarie Olsen, who, based on particular way and whether their The researchers asked 100 the research, advises that you serve gender and age make a difference schoolchildren, aged 7-8 and 12-14 food separated on the plate -- at with regard to their preferences. years, to make a priority list of least when it comes to the younger photos of six different dishes served age groups. 'The child can mix the 'As a researcher, I have anecdotally in three different ways: food when the various elements of heard parents say that their children 1. With the elements of the food the food are separated on the plate, prefer to have their food served in a presented separately so they did not while the reverse is not possible,' she particular way, including in a touch each other says. specific order. But we do not have 2. As a mix of separate ingredients much evidence-based knowledge and ingredients that were mixed Probiotics may help battle about how children sort and eat together their food, which is very relevant 3. With all the food mixed together antibiotic resistance Medical News Today 17 September 2018 By when, for example, we want our Tim Newman children to eat more vegetables -- or From the children's prioritisation of eat their food in general,' says the displayed photos, the researchers could see which presentation of the The latest study to investigate Associate Professor Annemarie probiotics concludes that regular Olsen from Future Consumer Lab, food they liked best and which serving style they least cared for. use may reduce the need for at the Department of Food Science antibiotics. The authors hope that at the University of Copenhagen. In The study shows that the younger girls (aged 7-8) prefer the separate this might help mitigate the rise addition to being a helping hand for of antibiotic resistance. parents, the research can be used to serving style, while boys of the same optimise meal programmes in age do not have a preference for how the food is arranged. The Added to a range of products, schools and meals that are delivered including yogurts, chocolate, and to pupils by external suppliers. research also shows that children between 12 and 14 prefer food to be potato chips, probiotics are never far from the headlines. Big gains with little effort either mixed together or served as a mix of separate and mixed- es es We already know that you can get es children to eat more fruits and together ingredients. vegetables just by presenting them in A separated serving style is the eopleImag eopleImag small portions and making them eopleImag freely available, so you can easily best solution grab them and eat them. We also The research does not say why k.com/P k.com/P k.com/P

PFNDAI Nov 2018 e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc 37 Imag Imag Imag Food Science & Industry News

According to their proponents, for antibiotics. To bolster the explorations that examine other age these live strains of yeast and existing evidence, they dipped into groups, the researchers also want to bacteria can help rebalance the data from recent studies; their paper delve into the nuts and bolts of this bacterial flora naturally found in is the first systematic review to relationship; Dr. Merenstein our gut, imparting a wealth of explore the relationship between explains one such theory, saying, health benefits. These potential probiotic use and antibiotic use. In "We don't know all the mechanisms benefits vary widely, and, it is all, their review found 12 relevant probiotic strains may leverage." important to note, not all are randomized controlled trials, all of "But," he continues, "since most of backed by scientific studies. which investigated daily doses of the human immune system is found However, there is good evidence Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gastrointestinal tract, that probiotics can relieve acute on infants and children. ingesting healthy bacteria may infectious diarrhea, and there is competitively exclude bacterial growing evidence that they might Following analysis, the scientists pathogens linked to gut infections even help reduce the symptoms of concluded that infants and children and may prime the immune system some psychiatric conditions, such as who took a daily probiotic to fight others." There are around 2 depression and obsessive- supplement were 29 percent less million cases of antibiotic-resistant compulsive disorder. likely to be prescribed antibiotics. infections each year in the United When they repeated the analysis States, resulting in 23,000 deaths. Research into the benefits and risks using only the highest-quality Finding ways to reduce antibiotic of probiotics is still in its infancy — studies, that figure jumped to 53 resistance is urgent; perhaps but it now seems likely that they percent. probiotics might offer some will one day be medically useful valuable assistance. and widely used. Because the Reduce antibiotics with probiotics importance of gut bacteria is now Senior investigator Dr. Daniel Indian food minister calls evident, the race is on to understand Merenstein, from the Department exactly how they can be influenced of Family Medicine at Georgetown for Big 3 Asian bloc to plan to benefit health. University School of Medicine in for food security Washington D.C., believes that the By RJ Whitehead 27-Sep-2018 – Food Probiotics and acute infections results could have wide-ranging Navigator Asia Interventions that are as simple as implications. "Given this finding, eating a yogurt are attractive to potentially one way to reduce the Harsimrat Kaur Badal pledges an consumers and physicians alike; use of antibiotics is to use probiotics end to food wastage with the however, when meddling with on a regular basis." Dr. Daniel help of the industry. something as complex as the Merenstein. This study only looked microbiome, gathering and at acute infections in younger India, China and Indonesia will set interpreting the data can be people — so, as lead study author the food agenda for providing challenging. Gut bacteria come in Sarah King explains, "More studies energy-dense, nutritious, safe and many forms, and they influence are needed in all ages, and affordable food to their citizens by many systems of the body; and not particularly in the elderly, to see if 2030, when they will account for everyone responds to probiotics in sustained probiotic use is connected three-quarters of Asia’s new urban the same way. All of the above to an overall reduction in antibiotic dwellers. To do so, there will be a make drawing solid conclusions prescriptions." need for a body that will represent about their benefits difficult. each of the three countries and Existing evidence suggests that If confirmed, the findings could be collectively address the issue of probiotics can reduce the risk of important. She goes on, "This could fixing Asia’s food systems. developing certain respiratory and potentially gastrointestinal infections. have a huge Probiotics also seem to reduce the impact on the length of time that an infection use of lasts. probiotics in general The latest study, published in the medicine and k.com/paulaphoto k.com/paulaphoto European Journal of Public Health, consumers in k.com/paulaphoto takes these findings one step further. general." e © iStoc e © iStoc The scientists wanted to uncover e © iStoc whether consuming probiotics Aside from Imag Imag regularly might also reduce the need further Imag

38 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Food Science & Industry News

That’s according to India’s minister to expand by 578m people by 2030, within just six months of being in for food processing industries, while up to 85% of the increase in business, and is capitalising on its Harsimrat Kaur Badal, who called the global middle-class is also growing popularity to educate on the food industry to pledge it expected to come from Asia. To this consumers. would take a “zero tolerance” end, urbanisation will have a approach to food waste. Today, she significant effect on food production After the success of the company's said, close to US$3.5tr of food is and demand in the region, the EIU four existing stores (three in New wasted through wastage in said. China, India and Indonesia Delhi, one in Gurgaon), it opened a India—equivalent to Indonesia’s alone will account for 75% of Asia's fifth store in Ghaziabad on July 27. entire GDP. Yet the country has the total population, and 60% of its real Muscle and Strength India is an capacity to become the food factory GDP by 2030. Income growth authorised retailer and distributor of of the world once it reaches its across the continent will continue to 39 well-known fitness supplement potential. drive the transition away from direct brands, including BSN, Cobra Labs, consumption of cereals and towards Dymatize Nutrition, MusclePharm, As India grapples with a series of a more diverse diet. Optimum Nutrition, Ronnie so-called mega-trends, such as Coleman and Ultimate Nutrition. rampant urbanisation, the double- Dairy and eggs will account for a burden of under-nutrition and larger proportion of calories Education on supplementation obesity, constraints in technology consumed in India (6%) and China The firm positions itself as a and political corruption, (4%) than in Indonesia (1%). India provider of genuine, high-quality policymakers and the private sector has a strong vegetarian culture, but fitness supplements and sports need to be active in managing their projections estimate that India's nutrition products in a bid to appeal trends, Badal said in reaction to a meat consumption (mainly chicken to customers who have grown wary major report by the Economist and fish at 63%) will rise to 9kg by of counterfeit supplements and Intelligence Unit on ways to fix 2050, from a base of 3kg. The products containing prohibited Asia’s food supply chain. By the government can extend the progress substances. Founder Sourav Kumar, EIU’s assessment, they have their made through policy changes, a former national swimmer, told work cut out. regulatory measures and NutraIngredients-Asia:"Having encouraging public investments to been in the fitness industry myself It called on everyone involved to make food systems more responsive for eight years, I was always very take a “more holistic” approach to to nutritional needs, the report said. curious about how supplements defining food security to cope with Improvements in nutritional status worked, and how they fit into the structural changes in demand and will not happen unless the incomes Indian market. "But I found that so supply. It also urged lawmakers to of rural households increase, prices many people did not know what come up with brisk and thorough of nutritious foods are kept they were consuming, and I decided policy development to find ways to affordable, and households are to take things to the next level by improve food production by making better informed about nutritional not only opening a retail store, but it more efficient. content of food and the need to helping to educate consumers on diversify their diets. different supplements and what they The research shows that business should look out for when buying leaders overwhelmingly agree that Indian sports nutrition such products." Asia's food security is giving a cause for alarm. They are calling out for retailer Muscle more collaboration to enforce food and Strength safety standards, educate farmers OGRAPHY OGRAPHY powering ahead OGRAPHY T T and improve supply chain T infrastructure, it said. with store Yet a number of other factors, openings including differing regulations, By Cheryl Tay 03-Sep- border policies, import duties and 2018 – NutraIngredients k.com/MRBIG_PHO k.com/MRBIG_PHO Asia k.com/MRBIG_PHO taxes, food tastes, self-sufficiency programmes and uneven economic Indian sports nutrition e © iStoc e © iStoc development require more robust e © iStoc retail chain Muscle and thinking and policy solutions for Imag Imag Strength India has Imag Asia's food system to make the opened its fifth store progress needed. Asian cities are set

PFNDAI Nov 2018 39 Food Science & Industry News

He highlighted the prevalence of The company claims to have the Indian state government counterfeit sports nutrition products widest range of fitness supplements in India, which were not only and sports nutrition products in rolls out flagship four- unauthorised but also contained India, with over 600 products from week nutrition programme prohibited and harmful substances. 39 brands, and it plans to increase "There are a lot of duplicate and its reach. When it comes to for mothers and children fake supplements imported from competition from large MNCs like By Cheryl Tay 12-Sep-2018 – China, and many of the GNC, Kumar is not worried. "Their NutraIngredients Asia manufacturers behind these target market is also different from products add harmful substances ours — they sell products for the The state government in like glucose powder and steroid salt general population, while we are Telangana, India, has announced into them. "But a lot of people don’t focused on those who are physically its Intinta Poshana Samburalu what they're putting into their active, who go to the gym and who (Nutrition in Every Home) bodies, and end up harming engage in athletic training. We are initiative targeted at children, themselves as a result." Indeed, not worried about competition in pregnant women, and lactating there have been issues in recent that regard. mothers. years regarding prohibited substances in sports nutrition E-commerce is another area in The initiative is part of India’s products in India, which has caused which he feels confident. "In this flagship Poshan Abhiyan authorities to clamp down with area, there are major market players programme to ensure better stricter regulations for both like Amazon, where anyone can nutritional outcomes for the manufacturers and retailers. register and sell supplements. aforementioned demographics. It is However, customers are unable to is to be conducted according to To counter this, Muscle and verify the authenticity of these plans drawn up by the Department Strength India has an in-house team products. "Our strategy is to sell our of Women and Child Welfare, and of researchers who gather relevant products both online and in stores in conjunction with voluntary information and use it to publish for the same price, and regardless of organisations, schools and educational articles on the company where customers choose to buy individuals. website, as well as its social media them, they can access the pages. It also has a media team that information behind the safety and These programmes and initiatives produces educational videos for authenticity of our products." He have been timed to coincide with customers. Kumar said, "We added, "In 2018, we plan to open the month of September, which has educate the customers on how to another 25 stores in India, been declared ‘national nutrition identify fake supplements, based on particularly in the West, South and month’ in India. The Intinta quality checks we perform. For North-East parts of the country. Poshana Samburalu initiative, has instance, the official importer label already implemented ‘Anganwadi should be on the product, and At the same time, he is considering to every home’ in the Vikarabad customers should be able to use the bringing the chain overseas, saying, district of Telangana, where there barcode and serial number to trace "We are currently concentrating on are currently 1,106 Anganwadi the item back to its original India, but once we are more centres (rural childcare centres) manufacturer." He added that established here, we will look at across its five Integrated Child supplements such as protein which countries we might want to Development Services. powders, BCAAs, multivitamins, enter. "We are also open to FDI These centres cater to 7,089 fat-burners and pre-workout (foreign direct investment), and we pregnant women, 6,530 lactating formulations were most popular are going to add more brands to our mothers and 65,062 children. amongst both male and female inventory within the es es Indian consumers. next two to three es months. "We might No chances taken even become the agonImag agonImag He further said that Muscle and exclusive partner for agonImag Strength India "does not take any some brands that are chances" when it comes to ensuring not in India yet, and k.com/Dr k.com/Dr k.com/Dr the quality and safety of its we have spoken to products, providing a clear these brands. But as of e © iStoc e © iStoc description of each item’s now, that is all I can e © iStoc composition and nutritional value say." Imag Imag Imag for different types of consumers.

40 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Food Science & Industry News es es Weekly schedule es amongst the top five spots to see a k.com/ k.com/ The Poshan Abhiyan k.com/ decline in numbers. The rest of the programme will take place over top five recorded positive annual eopleImag eopleImag eopleImag P P the course of four weeks. The P growth. This is being attributed to e © iStoc e © iStoc first week will see district e © iStoc the development of healthier Imag Imag officials addressing the general Imag versions of instant noodles. public in a series of meetings to “If we offer healthier, safer help raise awareness on products, demand will surely nutrition, while in the second grow,” said Kiyotaka Ando, week; there will be rallies in the Chairman and CEO, Nissin China. village to encourage greater public participation. This will be Healthier options bringing followed by nutrition exhibitions instant noodles back on the held in the villages in the third charts week, and will end in the fourth Instant noodles are designed to week with awareness campaigns have a long shelf life. This is to educate people on the effects commonly achieved via a high salt of malnutrition on pregnant content – the noodles can contain women, lactating mothers, and more than half of the FDA- children. recommended sodium intake.

Anganwadi workers will As such, healthier noodle options conduct house visits to distribute Noodle sales bounce back mostly focus on the reduction of salt medicine and nutritional as major Asian markets content. Nissin has announced supplements to those suffering from "reduced sodium by an average of malnutrition, as well as to explain report first annual rises in 15% across all flavours”, as well as the importance of a balanced diet, five years removal of added MSG and essential vitamins, and proper By Pearly Neo 03-Sep-2018 – Food artificial colouring from its hygiene. Navigator Asia products. Nestle is doing the same, with plans to cut the salt content in Government officials said in a Asia has retained the top five all Maggi products by 10% on statement: “This programme is to spots for instant noodle average come 2020. It also offers a increase awareness among pregnant consumption worldwide, with four high-fibre option, Maggi Oatmee. and lactating mothers on nutrition. out of the top five countries Our focus is on minimising anaemia recording year-on-year growth. The rise and fall of instant noodles and malnutrition among women, The convenience and economical and decreasing the number of low According to new figures from the value of instant noodles are birth weight children. “We will visit World Instant Noodle Association amongst the key factors attributed to every home and explain people on (WINA), China and Hong Kong its continued strong market various aspects of nutrition and have remained the top consumers of presence. In 2013, sales in China infant and newborn care.” instant noodles worldwide for and Hong Kong peaked at 46.22 several years running. billion. There have been several nutrition initiatives rolled out in India This year was no different, as they However, the following three years recently, targeted at mothers and topped the charts with 38.97 billion saw a continuous downturn in children. Last month, India’s packets sold, outstripping the first numbers, dropping 17% to 38.52 Central Food Technological runner-up on the list, Indonesia billion in 2016. This plunge was Research Institute announced its (12.62 billion packets), by over three attributed to the growing popularity collaboration with Hassan’s deputy times. of food delivery, as well as commissioner to develop a increasing awareness of healthier nutritional powder for pregnant and Coming in at third, fourth and fifth foods. lactating women. Iron-deficiency spot respectively were Japan (5.66 anaemia is also especially common billion packets), India (5.42 billion This pattern of decline was similar among women in South Asia, packets) and Vietnam (5.06 billion in other countries in Asia that leading authorities to concentrate on packets). consistently top the instant noodle iron fortification of foods. consumption list, although the Indonesia was the sole country reduct was less significant.

PFNDAI Nov 2018 41 Food Science & Industry News

China remains main market The event showcased beverages, Trends and Statistics These latest figures ensure that bakery and culinary food made As a single country, the US is the China and Hong Kong will be key with the US dairy ingredients. He largest milk producer, producing target markets for instant noodle noted that permeate was widely 97.7 million metric tons of milk, manufacturers. Nissin Food used in the US for the past ten years which is three times the size of Holdings, a Japan-based instant but remained relatively new in Asia. Oceania combined. South East Asia noodle manufacturer, holds roughly Containing at least 76% of lactose is the second-largest market for US 60% of the local market in Hong and typically 2% to 7% of protein, dairy export, with a value of Kong and is the fifth biggest brand permeate is a functional ingredient US$690m last year. Canada was the in China. The Chinese demand for that gives products its texture. It can biggest export market, valuing at instant noodles is almost eight times also reduce the use of salt and sugar US$636m. Within the region, the more than Japan’s (5.66 billion). in products. Besides bakery and Philippines was USDEC’s largest confectionery, it could be used in market, followed by Indonesia, “There are more people, and people beverages and even savoury Ghazalay pointed out. Products spend more. I'm under the products such as soup and sauces. wise, skim milk powder, whey, impression that the market for lactose, and cheese are the most young people is growing faster in “A lot of people think that dairy has popular US dairy products in the China than in Japan. The time is got nothing to do with savoury region. In terms of consumer ripe for higher-priced instant food, but in fact, permeates can trends, Ghazalay noticed that the noodles to gain ground strongly,” reduce the use of salt,” he said. An SEA consumers were increasingly commented Nissin president Koki example of a savoury product conscious of artificial food Ando. innovation that uses the US ingredients, preferring natural, clean permeate is the seasoning blend for label products. Pandan sesame cookies instant noodles. Teo added that the food recipes could be accumulated In addition, consumers across all and reduced-sodium into recipe books. “The life stages are working actively noodles… US dairy collaboration with the FIRC could towards health and wellness, she translate into recipe books which said. In order to help food and innovations for Asian could be given out to end-users as a beverage manufacturers in SEA consumers reference for them to further further understand the use of US By TingminKoe 04-Sep-2018 – Food research and developed their in- permeate, the export council had Navigator Asia house products,” he said. conducted three workshops at FIRC recently, where participants were The US Dairy Export Council “We want to localise and adapt the able to create food products with (USDEC) and Food Innovation and food applications (of US dairy the permeate. Some examples of Resource Center (FIRC) at ingredients) to the South East Asian their creation included spicy sambal Singapore Polytechnic have taste profile. There are many ways cookie, layered cake, and bamboo created South East Asian food to innovate US dairy to suit the charcoal cookie. with reduced salt and sugar, using local taste buds,” US dairy ingredients. DalilahGhazalay , SEA regional One example, was the use of director of the pandanflavoured US permeates in export council cookies, said Martin Teo, technical added when k.com/apolloicdag k.com/apolloicdag director (food applications) at the speaking at the k.com/apolloicdag export council. Others include event. The e © iStoc e © iStoc gulameleka coconut cake made council and e © iStoc with 75% US permeate. Permeate, FIRC signed a Imag Imag Imag also known as dairy products solids, partnership is a high-lactose dairy ingredient agreement in produced through the removal of May to protein and other solids from milk incorporate the or whey via physical separation use of US dairy techniques. ingredients into the making of Teo was speaking at a lunch event SEA local food. organised by the council last month.

42 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Regulatory h h h news ovic ovic ovic k.com/natapetr k.com/natapetr k.com/natapetr Commission mulls cut in conditions offer sufficient food safety purpose and that the safeguards,” they added, asking if 70% of the human intake of nitrates e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc maximum levels for the Commission intended to ban and nitrites comes from vegetables, Imag Imag Imag nitrites and nitrates in the additives. the 13% from water and the 11% from processed meat products. "In meat Responding to the politicians, order to reduce the exposure and By Niamh Michail 29-Aug-2018 – Food health and food safety where possible, in any case and on a Navigator commissioner VytenisAndriukaitis voluntary basis, our food and The European Commission is said the EFSA scientific opinions beverage operators (FBO) are using considering lowering the provided sufficient information on lower levels than the ones maximum authorised levels for the safety of the additives, and authorised. they“did not justify a general ban of nitrites and nitrates in processed the use of these substances as food "The statement of Commissioner meat for health reasons, it has additives”. He added: Andriukaitis is in line with the revealed. “Nevertheless, after discussions EFSA opinion, as he clearly admits with the member states, the that lower levels would reduce the Despite concerns to human health, Commission is considering revising overall exposure, but it is important sodium and potassium salts of the current food additive to bear in mind that processed meat nitrite and nitrate (E 249-252) are authorisations for E 249-252 to products are not the main source of used by food manufacturers as lower the uses and use levels to the nitrates/nitrites if we consider the preservatives and colour-fixing extent possible, in the light of the overall diet. "Clitravi is ready to agents in meat products, and to EFSA opinions, as well as the 2016 discuss the issue with the European prevent bacterial infections such as study [ by the Commission which Commission, always by taking into Clostridium botulinum. In a written stated that pork products can be account that food safety comes question, the French members of produced without nitrates]. This first," Patruno told FoodNavigator.. EU parliament Guillaume Balas would likely contribute to a (S&D) and MichleRivasi from the decrease in the overall exposure.” In 2015, the World Health Green party asked the Commission Organisation’s cancer research how it justified their use in food. Balas and Rivasi drew attention to agency, the International Agency “Scientists have been alerting us of the fact that when the European for Research on Cancer (IARC), the indirectly carcinogenic nature of Food Safety Authority (EFSA) re- added processed meats such as added nitrates and nitrites since the evaluated nitrite additives last year, cured meats, sausages and bacon to 1970s. These food additives […] are they failed to take account of the its list of cancer-causing agents. not directly carcinogenic. However, carcinogenic effects of metabolised After evaluating the evidence, it when brought in contact with meat, nitrite additives when advising on found that processed meats are the nitric oxide present in these maximum levels. Paolo Patruno, definite causes of cancer alongside additives produces carcinogenic deputy secretary general of Clitravi, substances including cigarettes, substances that increase the risk of the trade body that represents the alcohol, asbestos, plutonium and consumers developing colorectal interests of Europe’s processed arsenic. IARC scientists suggested cancer. “The argument that use of meat manufacturers, said: "It is that a daily 50 g portion of these additives protects food from important to understand that processed meat increases the risk of botulism is invalid: strict hygiene nitrates and nitrites are used for colorectal cancer by 18%.

PFNDAI Nov 2018 43 Regulatory News

Food fortification in Quality, labelling and promotion forward. Already, the Ministry of The updated regulations also state Women and Child Development India: Regulator FSSAI that "every manufacturer and and Ministry of Human Resource publishes updated packer of fortified food shall give an Development have made fortified undertaking on quality assurance staples mandatory, with government dosage levels as it strives and submit evidence of steps taken" programmes such as Integrated for national adoption to the FSSAI twice a year. These Child Development Services By Cheryl Tay 21-Aug-2018 – Food undertakings are to include details (ICDS), Mid-Day Meal (MDM) Navigator Asia such as certification by an FSSAI- and the Public Distribution System approved food laboratory that the (PDS) using them. Just last month, India regulator FSSAI has fortified food complies with the the Indian government announced published updated rules for official standards, regular technical that 118 districts in the country food fortification standards, as equipment and process audits, and would receive fortified rations. part of its efforts to make the good manufacturing practices Shortly after, the government of practice part of the national (GMP). Additionally, every package Haryana announced an extension agenda. of fortified food must have the of fortified food supply under the words “fortified with, followed by PDS. The regulator first implemented the the name of the added Food Safety and Standards micronutrients, along with the ‘+F’ Today, 15 states in India — (Fortification of Foods) Regulations logo in either blue or black. including Odisha, Karnataka, in October 2016, with fortification Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, guidelines for staples such as rice, The FSSAI has also made clear its Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West wheat flour (folic acid, iron, vitamin intention to "encourage the Bengal, and Kerala — as well as B12), milk, edible oil (vitamins A production, manufacture, three union territories, have adopted and D) and salt (iodine and iron). distribution, sale and consumption the fortification of certain In addition, the ‘+F’ logo was of fortified food — including commodities on the district level, or introduced to identify fortified fortification through conventional to varying extents under foods, and the Scientific Panel on breeding or hybridisation — in programmes such as the ICDS, Nutrition and Fortification cooperation with concerned MDM and PDS. In fact, the FSSAI approved the Scientific Health departments of the government of has published a report entitled Food Claims for label declaration of India or governments of states / Fortification in India: Status and fortified foods. union territories”. At present, 110 Road Ahead — Need for a Strategic brands of all five fortified staples by Shift for Further Scale Up, which More micronutrients 62 of India’s major firms have hit details the need for a strategic shift The latest notification refers to the the open market across the country to scale up government-funded updated set of regulations as the — a marked contrast from just eight fortification programmes. The Food Safety and Standards months ago, when companies were report also estimates that an (Fortification of Foods) Regulations slow to make the necessary changes, additional Rs 300bn — 2018. By January 1 2019, all food especially for milk and edible oils. approximately 1% of the overall business operators must comply existing budget for the ICDS and with "all the provisions of these Today, 21% of the milk industry MDM — would enable fortification regulations”, with permitted adheres to the fortification to be implemented across the entire dosages of added micronutrients standards, while 47% of the edible country. oil industry recommended by the panel adjusted Image © iStock.com/branex to provide 30% to 50% of each doing the individual’s daily requirements. The same. In permitted dosages provide a light of minima and maxima range for the these fortification of staple foods like positive wheat our (also called atta or developme maida), rice, salt, milk, and nts, the vegetable oil. The range allows for FSSAI has an additional 10% of micronutrients proposed above the dosage recommended by mandatory the panel, though the figure is 20% fortification for vitamins A and D. of staples as the way

44 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Regulatory News

FSSAI initiates framing of included cooking oil, packaged food Standards Act on GM foods. “The and infant food. Some also made lack of action by FSSAI tells the GM food regulations after false claims of being GM-free. citizens of this country that, as the trace ingredients found Under India’s Food Safety and food safety regulator, you are Standards Act, 2006, no person knowingly allowing this illegal in products shall manufacture, distribute, sell or proliferation of unpermitted and By Lester Wan 09-Aug-2018 – Food import any genetically modified hazardous GM foods in the Navigator Asia (GM) article of food except under country,” said KavithaKuruganti, the Act and regulations made co-convenor, on behalf of the The Food Safety and Standards thereunder. Coalition. The statement further Authority of India (FSSAI) says it called FSSAI’s response “wholly has begun framing regulations for In the wake of that scandal, the inadequate” and said it “does not genetically-modified (GM) food, Coalition for a GM-Free India had create any confidence in ordinary shortly after being accused of accused the Government of India consumers/citizens that FSSAI is failing to restrict the import of of “actively jeopardising the health serious about regulating unsafe such items. of all Indians by allowing illegal illegal foods in the country”. hazardous GM foods” and that it FSSAI said the regulations would “knowingly created a regulatory “lay down procedures for safety GM labelling threshold vacuum in which there is no assessment and approval of foods These new FFSAI regulations will authority taking responsibility to including imported foods, derived be in addition to the Food Safety put a check on such GM foods from from genetic modification processes and Standards (Labelling and coming into our food supply chain”. based on the internationally well Display) Regulations , 2018, which established and accepted scientific the regulator said would for the first “This is highly irresponsible and principles, procedures and practices time include mandatory labelling reprehensible,” said the Coalition. before being approved for food for packaged food items with 5% or “The fact that every regulator and purposes” . After formal approval more GM ingredients. Agarwal had ministry has failed in the discharge of FSSAI’s Scientific Panel, said this would help to “bring of its responsibility shows a sinister Scientific Committee and the clarity” but critics, including CSE, and wilfully dangerous pattern that authority itself, the draft regulations had said that not only is this seeks to jeopardise and compromise will be notified in the Gazette of measure not stringent enough, there on the health safety of citizens of India to elicit comments from is also a question about India. The Coalition for a GM-Free various stakeholders. FSSAI said enforcement. CSE said, “We believe India now appeals to the Prime these will be duly considered, after that the criteria for exemption from Minister of India to urgently which the regulations will be labelling of food containing GM intervene in the matter, to fulfil the finalised with the approval of the ingredients needs to be much BJP Manifesto promise of 2014, Government of India. Prior to the stricter. “Considering that GM food and ensure that citizens are not approval of such foods, FSSAI is not allowed in India, we believe subjected to the hazards of GM would be in charge of the that the limit of 5 per cent for three foods.” assessment of their food safety, ingredients is too high. “We while the Genetic Engineering recommend that limits for Lack of action damning? Approval Committee (GEAC) of individual ingredients should be set Furthermore, the Coalition recently India’s Ministry of Environment, in line with the EU regulations of wrote to FSSAI CEO ShriPawan Forest and Climate Change would 0.9 per cent.” Kumar Agarwal “seeking concrete assess aspects related to their action”. The environmental impact. Coalition pointed out that it first ang Fallout after recent scandal wrote to Agarwal Recently, stores in Delhi, Punjab and FSSAI

and Gujarat were found to be k.com/YinY months before, on selling genetically-modified (GM) March 16, on the foods, according to the Centre for

illegal import and e © iStoc Science and Environment’s (CSE) sale of GM foods Imag Pollution Monitoring Laboratory of Imag in India, that India. CSE claimed that out of 65 were in violation products tested, 21 were found to be of the Food GM-positive. These products Safety and

PFNDAI Nov 2018 45 Regulatory News

Nonetheless, FSSAI reiterated, Trusts and the National Dairy needs to be scaled up step by step “These proposed regulations will Development Board (NDDB) — before being made mandatory" . further bind food businesses to was attended by about 35 private provide appropriate information to dairy companies and 10 state Retaliation to criticism the consumers so as to enable them cooperatives, who participated in an "A large majority of stakeholders to exercise their informed choice in open house discussion on food are in favour of food fortification respect of purchase of foods, fortification. but a few misinformed elements are including GM foods, should any creating confusion around the issue. such foods be approved for Topics covered included the cost of We need to ensure it does not get manufacture or import in India.” fortification, sources of vitamins for derailed due to misinformation or FSSAI stressed that the threshold fortification, and quality control. In lack of awareness." He was level for labelling of GM foods addition, early adopters of referring to the recent onslaught refers to the maximum permissible voluntary milk fortification, from civil society organisation level (in percentage) of including Mother Dairy and the Swadeshi Jagaran Manch (SJM), unintentional and technically Jharkhand Milk Federation, were which had levelled harsh criticism unavoidable GMO content in food given a special mention at the at the FSSAI for allegedly that does not call for labelling and consultation in recognition of their harbouring an ulterior motive that a large number of countries compliance. Milk processors at the behind its food fortification efforts, including Japan, Canada, Thailand event voiced their support for the driven by its relationship with and Indonesia prescribe such a fortification initiative, promising to MNCs and foreign NGOs. threshold value of 5% by weight. fortify a higher percentage of their FSSAI further pointed out that the milk products by the end of 2018. More specifically, SJM accused the cost of demonstrating or verifying At the moment, 13 state FSSAI of permitting the use of compliance to the specified cooperatives and 11 private dairy synthetic vitamins for fortification, threshold increases as the threshold companies offer fortified milk as well as not ensuring the level decreases. “The proposed products. ingredient sources were vegetarian. labelling of GM food in India falls It even wrote a letter to PM within the range of internationally FSSAI CEO Pawan Agarwal Narendra Modi in a bid to prevent followed threshold level and seems assured attendees that the vitamins the regulator from making food to be practical and cost effective,” it and minerals used for fortification fortification mandatory. Agarwal stated. were obtained solely from said the FSSAI's scientific panel vegetarian sources, and that costs consisted of scientists and public FSSAI shines fortification would be kept to a minimum for all health experts, who had finalised its commodities, especially milk. He food fortification standards only spotlight on dairy sector said milk fortification cost only 2 to after careful assessments and while hitting out at critics 3 paise (2% to 3% of a rupee) per deliberations over the course of a By Cheryl Tay 17-Sep-2018 – litre, and companies that had been year and a half. "Let public health NutraIngredients Asia fortifying their dairy products, such issues be dealt with by scientists and as Mother Dairy, had been experts in the FSSAI. If there are The FSSAI is once again urging absorbing these costs. He added that concerns regarding the manufacturers to fortify their food fortification is the most cost- (fortification) standards, they need staple foods, this time shifting effective and internationally to be looked at by the scientific recognised method of countering panel." its attention to India's dairy Image © iStock.com/andresr firms to encourage them to micronutrient deficiencies. He also revealed that the adopt voluntary milk FSSAI had received fortification. requests from certain ministries The regulator took the opportunity and government to address dairy companies at its bodies to make food national consultation on milk fortification fortification in New Delhi, held just mandatory, but that two weeks after it had published a the regulator first notification detailing its updated wanted to guidelines for food fortification. determine if the The consultation — jointly industry was ready, organised by the FSSAI, Tata as "fortification

46 PFNDAI Nov 2018 Regulatory News

front-of-pack label. “The blocks already taking to improve the of nutrients for “High Fat, Sugar nutritional content of products, e e e and Salt” (HFSS) food shall be while also increasing consumer coloured red in the case where education. apidEy apidEy apidEy the value of energy (kcal) from k/R k/R k/R total sugar is more than 10 per Several major firms recently joined cent of the total energy (kcal) a broad coalition of regulators, e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc provided by the 100 g/100 ml of health bodies and manufacturers the product; the value of energy under the banner of the 'Eat Right Imag Imag Imag (kcal) from trans-fat is more than Movement' to help curb India's 1 per cent of the total energy alarming rates of non- (kcal) provided by the 100 g/100 communicable diseases. It aims to India's new packaged ml of the product; and total fat or encourage citizens to make healthy sodium content provided by the 100 food choices, while also ‘nudging’ foods rules: Back to the g/100 ml of the product is more firms to promote healthier food drawing board for red than the threshold values,” the draft options and provide better regulation stated. It added: “The nutritional information to warnings on 'unhealthy' Food Authority may introduce consumers through the phasing out products? colour coding system in addition to of trans-fats in food products (by the By Gary Scattergood 21-Aug-2018 – marking of foods as ‘Red’ within edible oil industry, bakeries and Food Navigator Asia the specified thresholds from time to halwais) by 2022, and the time.” Furthermore, it stated that it reformulation of products by major An expert panel has been set-up would be prohibited for HFSS food food firms to reduce the content of review India’s proposed new products to be advertised, in any sugar and salt in packaged food. packaged foods labelling rules, form, to children. which include controversial plans Some of the companies which have to for red labels to be added to However, Pawan Agarwal, FSSAI committed to this effort include products high in fat, sugar and CEO said the plans would now be Baggrys, Britannia, Fieldfresh, Del salt. looked at again, despite the draft Monte, HUL, Kelloggs, Kraft already being sent to the Health Heinz, Nestle and Patanjali. Regulator the Food Safety and Ministry for finalisation. “Industry Standards Authority of India stakeholders have expressed Regulatory Review: The (FSSAI) established the three- concerns,” he said. “So we have member committee after food firms decided to set up aa panel of experts Latest Supplement and expressed concerns about the with health and nutrition Functional Food Policy proposals. The draft regulations background to look into the draft stated that packaged food regulations.” Despite this, it is Developments... in One manufacturers and firms are though highly unlikely that the Place required to declare nutritional regulator will backtrack significantly By Gary Scattergood 05-Sep-2018 – information such as calories on the plans. Nutra Ingredients Asia (energy), total fat, trans-fat, total sugar and salt per serve, as well as Eat right In the first of our monthly reviews per serve percentage contribution to Regulators believe the new rules will of the latest supplement and the recommended dietary allowance provide consumers with greater functional food regulatory and (RDA). Other requirements in the information, something deemed policy news, we reveal the most comprehensive set of guidelines vital to curb the recent developments in China, include a symbol on the label nation’s rising Japan, India and New Zealand, indicating whether it is vegetarian or cases of obesity while also shining the light on non-vegetarian food (a green and diabetes. decisions from the UK and US. triangle or brown circle, Industry, k/designer491 k/designer491 respectively). however, will k/designer491 continue to Red list lobby against the e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Most significantly, it would be plans and will Imag Imag mandatory for food products with point to Imag high fat, sugar or salt content to voluntary display a red-coloured mark on the measures it is

PFNDAI Nov 2018 47 Regulatory News

China the types of product and packaging folic acid, adding to calls for The Chinese authorities have that would suit the Japanese mandatory fortification in the approved new e-commerce rules, market, a spokesman said in country. Their new report looked in with lawmakers now calling for a response to NutraIngredients-Asia’s detail at neural tube defects (NTDs) ‘complete regulatory system’ to also queries. The firm also plans to in New Zealand, which formed the cover cross-border transactions. The invest in production line to basis for recommending folic acid new e-commerce laws will come manufacture the product. fortification for bread. The most into effect from January 1, 2019. recent data showed that in 2013, 18 The rules were adopted after a India babies were born with NTDs and fourth reading at the bi-monthly Indian regulator FSSAI has six were stillborn with an NTD. session of the Standing Committee published updated rules for food of the National People’s Congress fortification standards, as part of its UK that ended last Friday. efforts to make the practice part of The UK government is proposing a the national agenda. The latest ban on the sale of energy drinks to The new law requires e-commerce notification refers to the updated set children, following on from moves sites to abide by import and export of regulations as the Food Safety made by major supermarkets to ban administrative rules – a rule which and Standards (Fortification of sales to U16s in their stores. A drafting committee members have Foods) Regulations 2018. By government consultation outlines a repeatedly pushed for during the January 1 2019, all food business ban that would apply to drinks with five day meeting. It came after we operators must comply with "all the more than 150mg of caffeine per revealed a week earlier that China provisions of these regulations”, litre, and prevent all retailers from looked set to implement new cross with permitted dosages of added selling the drinks to children. It is border e-commerce (CBEC) rules micronutrients recommended by the now seeking views on whether sales on January 1 next year, according to panel adjusted to provide 30% to of energy drinks to children should New Zealand Trade and Enterprise 50% of each individual's daily be stopped. (NZTE). requirements. The permitted dosages provide a minima and While a number of major retailers Elsewhere in China, More daigou maxima range for the fortification have already banned the sale of traders are being sued for selling of staple foods like wheat flour energy drinks to children, it is not a food and supplements that do not (also called atta or maida), rice, salt, legal requirement and children can contain Chinese labelling. Some milk, and vegetable oil. still easily buy energy drinks from were ordered by the court to make convenience stores, other retailers compensation that was 10 times Also in India, an expert panel has and vending machines. higher than the price of the product been set-up review India’s proposed sold. One daigou trader was new packaged foods labelling rules, US ordered to make a compensation of which include controversial plans to The US Federal Trade Commission 10,240 yuan (about US$1500) – 10 for red labels to be added to has moved to shut down a times the price of a supplement products high in fat, sugar and salt. fraudulent scheme that purported to product she had sold via Taobao. Regulator the Food Safety and show how to make more money Standards Authority of India selling products on Amazon. The Japan (FSSAI) established the three- action was taken in concert with the Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour member committee after food firms State of Minnesota. It charged the and Welfare has revised an expressed concerns about the defendants, doing business as ordinance to permit the production proposals. Sellers Playbook, with defrauding and sale of liquid infant formula, people looking to do business on leading some of the country’s New Zealand Amazon by inducing them to sign biggest players to express an interest New Zealand's Chief Science up for an expensive system that in entering the market. Advisor and the Royal Society purported to show them how to Meiji is one of the firms that has TeApārangi have backed the health make thousands of dollars of profit already commenced with product a month selling on the platform. benefits of fortifying bread with development. It is also discussing

Image © iStock.com/ loongar

48 PFNDAI Nov 2018