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Scopes Monkey Trial Date:______Class:______ Name:___________________ Scopes Monkey Trial Date:____________________ Class:___________________ 1. What was one result of the Butler Act? 6. Clarence Darrow was a A. Biology classes were canceled in Tennessee famous defense attorney. schools What does a defense B. Teachers were forbidden to deny the Biblical attorney do? creation story A. Defends the law from criminals who have broken it C. Teachers were forbidden from teaching certain B. Defends people who have been arrested from police topics in chemistry and physics brutality D. Many biology teachers were arrested and put on C. Defends scientists against their critics trial D. Helps people accused of crimes defend themselves in court 2. In the 1920s, there was contention between supporters of modernity and traditionalism. What 7. What can you conclude about William Jennings is "contention?" Bryan from his participation in the Scopes trial? A. A type of lawsuit Choose the best answer B. Physical violence A. Preserving traditional values was an important C. A type of election cause for him D. Intense disagreement B. He was interested in publicity more than anything else 3. How does the theory of evolution differ from the C. He didn't know anything about science Biblical story of creation? Choose the best D. He bore strong grudges against both Clarence answer. Darrow and John Scopes A. Evolution does not explain how plants, fish, and birds came to be; creation does 8. How does teaching the Biblical creation story in B. The Biblical account does not include a timeline; science class violate the separation of church and evolutionary history does state? C. The Bible attributes life on earth to supernatural A. It teaches students to question the beliefs of causes; evolution attributes it to natural processes prominent scientists D. Creation says humans evolved from apes; evolution B. It doesn't give enough weight to other religious says humans have always existed in their current form beliefs C. It forces teachers and students to believe in God 4. What word best describes the atmosphere D. It uses public school facilities to advance a particular surrounding the Scopes trial? religious belief A. Tumultuous B. Adventurous 9. What was the immediate result of the Scopes C. Tranquil trial? D. Boring A. The Butler Act was repealed in Tennessee B. Scopes was found innocent and set free 5. Why was the Scopes trial C. Scopes was found guilty nicknamed the "monkey D. The Supreme Court banned the teaching of trial?" creationism in all American public schools A. Scopes's opponents wanted to insult him by calling 10. If the Scopes trial were held today, what would him a monkey be the most likely result? B. The controversy dealt with human evolution from A. Scopes would have to pay a hefty fine apelike ancestors B. The Butler Act would be found unconstitutional C. It was re-enacted in a popular movie by a troupe of C. Scopes would be imprisoned trained monkeys D. All Tennessee schools would require the teaching of D. Scopes had referred to his students as "a bunch of the Bible monkeys".
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  • The 1925 Monkey Trial
    The “Monkey Trial” March 1925. • On 21st March 1925 Tennessee passed the Butler Act which stated: • That it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the Story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals. Proposer of the act: John Washington Butler. Religion vs. Science. • (State Representative) John W. Butler, a Tennessee farmer and head of the World Christian Fundamentals Association, lobbied state legislatures to pass the anti-evolution law. The act is challenged. • John Thomas Scopes' involvement in the so-called Scopes Monkey Trial came about after the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) announced that it would finance a test case challenging the constitutionality of the Butler Act if they could find a Tennessee teacher willing to act as a defendant. • Photograph of John Scopes taken one month before the trial. Opportunistic Bush Lawyers? • A band of businessmen in Dayton, Tennessee, led by engineer and geologist George Rappleyea, saw this as an opportunity to get publicity for their town and approached Scopes. • Rappleyea pointed out that while the Butler Act prohibited the teaching of human evolution, the state required teachers to use the assigned textbook, Hunter's Civic Biology (1914), which included a chapter on evolution. • Rappleyea argued that teachers were essentially required to break the law.
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  • Modified Document A: Sparks Letter to the Editor Sourcing
    WWW. HISTORICALT HINKINGM ATTERS. ORG — SCOPES T RIAL Modified Document A: Sparks Letter to the Editor Many citizens wrote letters to Tennessee’s newspapers in response to the Butler Act. Below is an excerpt from a letter written by a parent. Dear Editor: When the bill against the teaching of evolution in public schools was passed, I could not see why more mothers were not thanking the lawmakers. They were protecting our children from one of the destructive forces which will destroy our civilization. I for one was grateful that they stood up for the right. And grateful, too, that we have a Christian man for governor who will defend the Word of God against this so-called science. The Bible tells us that the gates of Hell shall not win against the church. We know there will always be standard-bearers for the cross of Christ. But in these times of materialism I thank God deep down in my heart for everyone whose voice is raised for humanity and the coming of God’s kingdom. Mrs. Jesse Sparks Pope, Tennessee Source: Mrs. Jesse Sparks, letter to the editor, Nashville Tennessean, July 3, 1925. Some of the language and phrasing in this document has been modified from the original. The original document can be found on the HTM website, www.historicalthinkingmatters.org. Sourcing 1. Why does Mrs. Sparks care about what is taught in schools? Contextualizing 2. To what does Mrs. Sparks refer when she says “these times of materialism”? Close Reading 3. Find all of the words that suggest the presence of a great danger.
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  • Scopes Trial
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  • Sparks Letter to the Editor Sourcing Contextualizing Close Reading
    WWW. HISTORICALT HINKINGM ATTERS. ORG — SCOPES T RIAL Document A: Sparks Letter to the Editor Many citizens wrote letters to Tennessee’s newspapers in response to the Butler Act. Below is an excerpt from a letter written by a parent. Editor of the Nashville Tennessean: At the time the bill prohibiting the teaching of evolution in our public schools was passed by our legislature I could not see why the mothers in greater number were not conveying their appreciation to the members for this act of safeguarding their children from one of the destructive forces which . will destroy our civilization. I for one felt grateful for their standing for the right against all criticism. And grateful, too, that we have a Christian man for governor who will defend the Word of God against this so-called science. The Bible tells us that the gates of Hell shall not prevail against the church. Therefore we know there will always be standard-bearers for the cross of Christ. But in these times of materialism I am constrained to thank God deep down in my heart for . every . one whose voice is raised for the uplift of humanity and the coming of God’s kingdom. Mrs. Jesse Sparks Pope, Tennessee Source: Mrs. Jesse Sparks, letter to the editor, Nashville Tennessean, July 3, 1925. Sourcing 1. Why does Mrs. Sparks care about what is taught in schools? Contextualizing 2. To what does Mrs. Sparks refer when she says “these times of materialism”? Close Reading 3. Find all of the words that suggest the presence of a great danger.
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  • Central Historical Question: Why Was the Scopes Monkey Trial Significant?
    Central Historical Question: Why was the Scopes Monkey Trial significant? Activity 1 – Analysis of a 1925 Biology textbook Directions: Read the introduction and the textbook excerpt and answer the questions below. Introduction: In 1925, Tennessee passed the following law, called the Butler Act: It shall be unlawful for any teacher . to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals. The Butler Act made it illegal to teach from textbooks like the one below. Textbook – A Civic Biology, 1925 The Doctrine of Evolution. We have now learned that animals may begin with very simple one-celled forms and end with a group which contains man himself. The great English scientist Charles Darwin explained the theory of evolution. This is the belief that simple forms of life on the earth slowly gave rise to more complex forms. Man’s Place in Nature. We see that man must be placed with the vertebrate animals because of his vertebral column. We place man with the apelike mammals because of structural likeness. The group of mammals which includes the monkeys, apes, and man we call the primates. Evolution of Man. There once lived races of men who were much lower in their mental organization than present people. If we follow the early history of man, we find that at first he must have been little better than one of the lower animals. Gradually he must have learned to use weapons and kill his prey, first using rough stones for this purpose.
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