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Parasitoid of the Genus Liriomyza Mik. in Iraq

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Parasitoid of the Genus Liriomyza Mik. in Iraq Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(5): 618-624 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 618-624 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Parasitoid of the genus Liriomyza Mik. In Iraq Mohamed Saleh Abdul Rassoul and Hanaa Hani Al Saffar* Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, Baghdad University, Iraq *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s The aim of this study to survey hymenopterous parasitoids on leafminer Liriomyza Liriomyza , Mik in Iraq . The survey was showed eight species belonging to seven genera under Agromyzidae, three families , the parasitoids are : Digylphus isaea (Walker), Digylphus Hynenopterous crassinervis Erd s, Pediobius metallicus (Nees), Neohcrysocharis Pormosa parasitoids, (Westwood), Cirrospilus vittatus Walker, Halticoptera circulus (Walker), Opius Host plants, sp. and Ratzeburgiola incomplete Boucek, and Leriomyza bryionae was recorded Iraq as new host of the last one . Introduction Liriomyza is a cosmopolitan group of pests causing problems for plant quarantine that consist of more than 370 species (Abdul Rassoul and Al -Saffar, 2013). which are widely distributed in the New and Old World, (Parrella, 1987; Asadi et Species of Liriomyza can be recognized by al, 2006). Many of them are their unique mine patterns on plant leaves. economically important pests of the field These pattern could lead to the isolation of crops, ornamental vegetables throw out the populations of parasitoids, especially if the world (Spencer, 1973, 1990). Larvae of pattern are used in host recognition. The the genus are polyphagous attacking shapes of the mine are correlated with ornamental and vegetable crops in the rates of parasitism (Parkman et al,1989). families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liriomyza spp. are known to have many many of other families of plants (Cikman natural enemies, particularly in their native and Salle, 2011). home in the New World (Murphy and LaSalle, 1999). In Asia 41 species of Infestation by Liriomyza spp. can caused parasitoids in four different families were both direct and indirect damage, such as : found. However in general and under vectoring disease, destroying young natural conditions, parasitism is usually seedling, causing reductions in crop yields, low early in crop development and causing sun burning of fruits , reducing the gradually increases as the crop matures aesthetic value of ornamental plants and (Parrella, 1987). 618 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(5): 618-624 Parsitoids assemblages of dipteran sativus , Melilotes indecus , Cucumis melo, leafminers are dominated by Eulophidae, Cucuribta sativa, Citrulus vulgaris. Braconidae and Pteromalidae that attack the larval and pupal stages of the flies. The infested leaves were collected and Noyes,(2004), listed over 300 species of brought to the laboratory of entomology agromyzids parasitoids , and over 80 and put in Petri Dishes covered with species that are known to attack Liriomyza filter paper under constant conditions species. Temperatures 25Cº±1 and relative humidity 5%. After that parasitoids were Eulophid hymenopterous were the impressed from field sample and kept in commonest and widely distributed small capsule. parasitods such as Diglyphus isaea, Pediobius metalicus attack Liriomyza The Liriomyza spp. were identified using species which are very important that external morphology and male aedegous, attack crops and plants in glasshouse in (Spencer, 1972), the parasitoids identified several region such as L. sativa, L. by one of us and according to the reliable bryonia, L. trifoli. Some parasitoid species keys of (Chao-Dong and Da-Wei,2001; are also hyperparasitoeds such as Gates et al, 2002; Yefremova et al, 2011) Neochrysocharis formosa, which is an All specimens are deposited at Department endoparasitoids of several parasitoids of of Entomology at Iraq Natural History Liriomyza. In one study , hyperparasitism Research Center and Museum. by N. formosa was found to be as high as 100%for 2 months immediately following Results and Discussion the firtst incuulative releas of Diglyphus isaea (Ozawa,et al, 2002 Liu, 2009) . In this study eight hymenopterous parasitoids species attacking Liriomyza The parasitoids of Liriomyza spp. were spp. belonging to seven genera under three studied in several countries of the world, families, Eulophidae, Braconidae and Al Azawi, 1967, 1971; Petcharat et al, Pteromalidae, were collected from 2002; Cikman et al (2006); Sha et al, 2007 different region of Iraq. The list of species Cinkman and Salle,(2011) Talebi et al is given below. (2011); Cinkman, (2012); Talibe et al (2011); Asadi et al , (2006); Gencer, 2004; Order : Hymenoptera (Linneus, 1758) (Ghahari and Yefremova, 2013). Family : Eulophidae (West wood, 1829) Materials and Methods 1.Genus : Diglyphus Walker , 1844 D. isaea (Walker, 1838) The survey of parasitoids of leaf miners were carried out during February March Material examined: D. isaea was found and October 2013, several provinces of in Baghdad from Liriomyza congesta on Iraq(Baghdad, Kerbala, Nejef, Diywaniya, Medicago sativa on 15.2. 2013 (4 , Takreet, Duhok. ) Kerbala, L. bryoniea on Medicago sativa on 15.3.2013(10 , ) in Nejef L.sativa on Cucuribta sativa (20 , The infested leaves of different host plants 5 ). and (20 , 5 ) Trigonella consist of Trigonella phoenum, Trifolium phoenum 10.4.2013 (5 , ) L. hamosa, Medicago sativa, Raphanus bryioniea on Melilotes indicus 20.4.2013 619 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(5): 618-624 (20 , 5 ), L.brassicae on Raphanus brassicae. Raphanus sativa sativa 2.3.2013,( 10 , ). In Basra on L. 20.4.2013(2 , ) in Baghdad on congesta on Medicao sativa L.bryoniea on Melilotes indica 15.4.2013 21.3.2103.(10 ,2 ). (10 , 2 ). (Notes: many specimens were brought This species has been previously recorded from other provences announced at as endoparasitoid from Melanogromyza material and methods) phaseoli (Tryon) (Diptera : Agromyzidae) from gold stem of Dolchos sesiquipedalis This species has been previously recorded (Abdul-Rassoul , 1976) endoparasitoid on from Phytomyza horticola (Mekhlif and Phytomyza atricornis from Baghdad Jan. Abdul Rssoul, 2002) collected from and Feb. 1970 (Al- Ali, 1977) and on different host plants. Phytomyza horticola ( Mekhlif and Abdul- Rassoul, 2002). Hosts: Many species of Agromyzidae and also Lyonetidae; Tephritidae and Hosts: Primary sometimes secondary , (Lepidoptera) (Zhu,et al 2000). solitary endoparasites of larveae and pupae of mining forms of Lepidopytera and General Distribution: Widely separated Diptera , Particulary agromyzids genus in Palearctic region and also Afrotropical , Phytomyza, Liriomyza, and Dizgomyza Australian, Pacific, Nearctic and (Boucek, 1965 Boucek and Askew,1968) Oriental region (Boucek, 1965). General Distribution: Europ, Asia, North America (Civelek and nder,1999). Diglyphus crassinervis Erd s, 1958 3. Genus: Cirrospillus Westwood, 1832 Material examined : D. crassinervis was Cirrospillus vittatus Walker, 1838 found in Baghdad on L. sp . on weeds (Abu Gharaib 2.3.2013 ) (2 , ) L. Material examined: It was found in bryioniea on Melilotes indicus ( 2 , ). Baghdad on L. bryioniea on Trigonella Phoenum 16.3.2013, 30.3.2013 (15 , This species has been previously recorded 3 ). from Phytomyza horticola (Mekhlif and Abdul Rssoul, 2002) collected from This species has been previously recorded different host plants. as Cirrospillus sp. Hyperparasites of Lepidoptera pupae through its primary Hosts:Ectoparasitoids of larvae of Diptera braconid and ichneumond hosts: Baghdad (Agromyzidae) (Hesami,et al 2006). April (Al Ali,1977) recorded on Phytomyza horticola ( Mechlif and Abdul- General Distribution : Palaearctic Region Rassoul,2002). 2. Genus: Pediobius Walker, 1846 Hosts: Liriomysa spp. (Cabello et al, 1994 Pediobius metalicus (Nees, 1834) C.horiticola, Cikmanand Uugun, 2003). Material examined: It was found in General Distribution: Cosmopolitan Baghdad on L. sp. on weeds on species , Europe, Asia , North Africa, 10.3.2013(2 , ). in Tarimyia on L. Canada,USA (Hansson,1985). 620 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(5): 618-624 4. Genus: Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, Europe(Peck,1963 Burks,1979). 1912 Neochrysocharis formosa Genus : Ratzeburgiola Erd s (Westwood,1833). Ratzeburgiola incomplete, Boucek, 1971 Material examined: It was found in Material examined: It was found on L. Baghdad on .L. congesta on Medicago bryoniea on Melilotes indica from sativa on 20.3.2013( ) from L.bryoniea Baghdad on 20.3.2013.(3 ) . on Melilotes indica. This case of parasitism on Liriomyza This species has been previously recorded bryoniea as a new alternative host record from Phytomyza horticola (Mekhlif and to Iraq. Abdul-rassoul,2002). Hosts: Lepidoptera and Diptera. Hosts: Endoparasitoid of the larvae and Particularly Agromyza hiemalis Becker, pupae of Coleoptera (Chrysomilidae) and C.horticola, Liriomyza sp. and L. Lepidoptera (Torticidae, Pyralidae, huidobrensis, (Massa et al. 2001 Yponomutidae) (Hansson, 1995). Noyes,2005). Family: Braconidae Nees, 1812 References Genus: Opius Wesmael, 1835 Opius sp. Abdul Rassoul, M. S. (1976) List of some Iraqi parasitic Hymenoptera . Material examined : Two samples were Bull. Nat. Hist. Res. Center, 7 (1): collected from L.sativa on weeds 138-141. Abdul Rassoul , M.S. and Al- Saffar, H. H Family:Pteromalidae Daiman, 1820 (2013). Survey of the genus Liriomza Genus :Halticoptera Spinola, 1811 Mik. (Diptera : Agromyzisdae) of Halticoptera circulus (Walker, 1833) Iraq . Advances in Bioresearch
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