Efficacy of Some Insecticides in the Management of Liriomyza Brassicae on Pisum Sativum Deepti Mondol Department of Zoology Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India

Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 7 Efficacy of Some Insecticides in the Management of Liriomyza Brassicae on Pisum Sativum Deepti Mondol Department of Zoology Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India

Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides in monitoring the damage caused by Liriomyza brassicae on the pea crop var. ‘Arpana’ in Allahabad. Seven insecticides for the treatment were viz. imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.01%, cypermethrin 25 [email protected]%, emamectin benzoate 5 [email protected]%, endosulfan 35 [email protected]%, acephate 75 [email protected]%, chlorpyriphos 20 [email protected]% and dimethoate 30 [email protected]%. The insecticides were found to be significantly superior over the control in managing the pest population. The order of efficacy was dimethoate > cypermethrin > chlorpyriphos > imidacloprid > acephate > endosulfan > emamectin benzoate > control. Dimethoate (0.06%) gave lowest percent larval population after spraying followed by cypermethrin (0.0075%). Chlorpyriphos (0.04%), imidachloprid (0.01%), acephate (0.15%) were found to be statistically at par with each other. Endosulfan (0.07%), and emamectin benzoate (0.0025%) were amongst the least effective in controlling the pest population.

Keywords: Insecticides, leaf miner, Liriomyza brassicae, Pisum sativum.

Introduction and imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.01% against pea leaf miner an experiment on garden pea variety Arpana was laid out during Liriomyza brassicae also known as leafminer is found to be a Rabi season of 2009-2010 and 2010- 2011 in a randomized serious pest of Pisum sativum [1]. Leafminers are among the block design (R.B.D.) with seven treatments including most severe polyphytophagus insect pests of vegetable and untreated check and replicated thrice. The site selected was ornamental plants in the world [2], [3]. Punctures caused by uniform, cultivable with typical sandy loam soil having good females of leafminers during the feeding and oviposition drainage. Sowing was done at 30 cm x 7 cm spacing in a plot processes can result in a speckled appearance on foliage [4], size of 5.0 m x 4.0m. especially at the leaf tip and along the leaf margins [3]. However, the major form of damage is the mining of leaves by The treatments were imposed when the pea leaf miners were larvae, which results in destruction of leaf mesophyll [5]. The sufficient in number. mine becomes visible about three to four days after oviposition and becomes larger in size as the larva matures. The pattern of The determined quantity of each liquid formulation of mining is irregular. Both leaf mining and stippling can greatly insecticide was applied with the help of hand compression depress the level of photosynthesis in the plant [6]. [7] sprayer. The population of Liriomyza brassicae was recorded Recorded that with infestation yield can also be affected. To before one day of spraying and subsequently at 3 days, 7 days, avoid such damage to the crops various methods are put to use. 11 days and 15 days of interval [8], [9]. Subsequent insecticidal An integrated approach involving use of insecticides, host plant treatments were given at an interval of 15 days. resistance and biological control have been recommended. Chemicals are considered to be the most effective against The population of leaf miners were recorded on 5 plants Liriomyza brassicae yet it involves several limitations. Hence, randomly selected from each plot thus in all 120 samples were the present work has therefore been undertaken to assess the taken from the crop. The data thus collected were computed effectiveness of the commonly used pesticides against pea and subjected to statistical method viz. ANOVA in order to leafminer which was carried out in the cropping season for two find out the effect of the insecticides on the leaf infestation by consecutive years at central research field of Sam Liriomyza brassicae. Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad. Result and Discussion

Material and Methods The relative efficacy of the insecticides tested in the two years In order to evaluate the chemical insecticidal treatments viz., with two sprays of study are pooled and presented in Table I endosulfan 35 [email protected]%, dimethoate 30 [email protected]%, and Table II. Dimethoate 30 [email protected]% was found to be most cypermethrin 25 [email protected]%, chlorpyriphos 20 [email protected]%, effective in controlling the leafminer infestation as after 1st emamectin benzoate 5 [email protected]%, acephate 75 [email protected]% spray 1.11% (2009-2010 & 2010-11) damage was observed. In

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, July 2016 1640 http://ijesc.org/

the second spray, 1.51% (2009-2010 & 2010-11) of damage is TABLE II: EFFICACY OF SOME INSECTICIDES seen. [9] Experimented the efficacy of various insecticides AGAINST LIRIOMYZA BRASSICAE DURING 2009-2010 & revealing dimethoate to be the most effective followed by 2010-2011 2ND SPRAY (POOLED DATA). cypermethrin and endosulfan.

% infestation Next effective treatment was cypermethrin 25 [email protected]% Treatments Days after treatment with pooled percentage of 1.25% in first spray and 1.85% in the Before Mean second spray. Chlorpyriphos 20 [email protected]% came next with spraying 3rd 7th 11th 15th pooled percentage of 1.57% and 2.96% from 1stand 2nd spray resp. [10] reported that chlorpyriphos gave high larval mortality at 24 hours after treatment. T0 Control 4.93 6.26 7.58 9.70 12.49 9.00 T1 Endosulfan 3.56 3.55 3.47 4.95 7.04 4.75 Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.01% followed by acephate 75 Emamectin [email protected]%were moderately effective in reducing the pest T2 benzoate 3.49 3.16 5.98 8.78 10.07 7.00 population. The two least effective treatments were endosulfan 35 [email protected]% and emamectin benzoate 5 SG @0.0025% T3 Imidacloprid 2.65 2.38 2.47 3.77 4.71 3.33 showing 4.75% and 7.0% damage recorded in the second spray T4 Acephate 2.74 2.57 3.44 4.68 5.82 4.12 in pooled data. The effectiveness of cypermethrin (0.005%) and endosulfan (0.07%) and fenvalrate (0.01%) in managing other T5 Dimethoate 1.36 1.12 1.40 1.56 1.95 1.51 leaf miner namely cashew leaf miner, Acrocercops syngrama T6 Cypermethrin 1.60 1.47 1.64 2.01 2.30 1.85 was reported by [11], [12]. All the above mentioned treatments were effective as compared to control in pooled percentage T7 Chlorpyriphos 2.12 2.10 2.68 3.39 3.69 2.96 which was 3.28% in the first spray and 9.0% in the second spray. Two sprays of these insecticides at 15 days interval were F –Test S S S S S able to reduce the damage to the crop to an extent, indicating S. Ed. (±) 0.41 0.25 0.57 0.20 0.55 timely and judicious use of these insecticides may help the farmers to keep a check on this pest and increase their crop C. D. (P = 0.05) 0.87 0.54 1.22 0.42 1.18 yield. [13] Studied that the leaf miner can be controlled by using different group of insecticides and can minimize the infestation by chemical control. References

TABLE I: EFFICACY OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST [1] H. Ali and M. Rehman (2012). “Combine effect of relative LIRIOMYZA BRASSICAE DURING 2009-2010 & 2010-2011 resistance and chemical ST 1 SPRAY (POOLED DATA). control against pea leaf miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau (Diptera: gromyzidae) in pea (Pisum sativum) % infestation varieties”. IJREISS. Vol. 2, no 9. pp. 35-42 Befor Days after treatment Treatments e Mea [2] K. A. Spencer. (1973). “Agromyzidae (Diptera) of sprayi 3rd 7th 11th 15th n ng economic importance. Series Entomologica”. The Hague. Vol. T0 Control 2.35 2.39 2.61 3.18 4.93 3.28 9. pp. 1-418

T1 Endosulfan 1.72 1.66 1.91 2.73 3.56 2.46 [3] M. P. Parrella. (1987). “Biology of Liriomyza”. Annu. Rev. Emamectin T2 benzoate 2.19 2.11 2.44 3.03 3.49 2.77 Entomol. Vol. 32. pp. 201-224.

T3 Imidacloprid 2.15 1.46 1.54 2.08 2.65 1.93 [4] J. L. Wei, R. Zou, Kuang and L. He. (2000). “Influence of T4 Acephate 1.84 1.41 1.75 2.66 2.74 2.14 leaf tissue structure on host feeding selection by pea Leafminer T5 Dimethoate 1.50 0.98 1.00 1.10 1.36 1.11 Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)”. Zoological T6 Cypermethrin 1.33 1.05 1.04 1.30 1.60 1.25 studies. Vol. 39, no 4. pp. 295-300

T7 Chlorpyriphos 1.46 1.03 1.31 1.80 2.12 1.57 [5] K. A. Spencer and G. C. Steyskal. (1986). “Manual of the F –Test NS S S S S Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States”. U. S. Dep. Agric. S. Ed. (±) 0.40 0.57 0.49 0.72 0.41 Handb. 638. C. D. (P = 0.05) 0.85 1.22 1.04 1.53 0.87 [6] G. L. Leibee. (1984). “Influence of temperature on development and fecundity of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) . (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in celery”. Environ. Entomol. Vol. 13. pp. 497-501.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, July 2016 1641 http://ijesc.org/

[7] M. Saeed, F. Naz, S. Ahmed, M. Aaqeel. (2003). “Studies on level of infestation of pea leaf miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau (Agromyzidae: Diptera) on pea crop in selected areas of NWFP, Pakistan”. Pak Entomologist. Vol. 25, no 2. pp. 227-230

[8] V. G. Mathirajan, K. Natarajan, S. Kuttalam, S. Chadrasekaran and A. Regupathy. (2000). “Evaluation of lambda cyhalothrin for the control of pod borers on red gram”. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences. Vol. 8. pp. 246-247

[9] P. K. Mehta, D. N. Vaidya and N. P. Kashyap. (1995). “Efficacy and economics of some insecticides against pea leafminer, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) on pea”. J. Insect Sci. Vol. 8. pp. 116-117

[10] P. Jeyakumar and S. Uthamasamy. (2000). “Distribution and biology of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in Tamil Nadu, India”. Insect Sci. Applic. Vol. 20. pp. 237-243

[11] H. Singh and L. Saravanan. (2008). “Seasonal incidence and management of pea leafminer Phytomyza horticola (Gour.) infesting pea”. International Journal of Plant Protection.Vol. 1. pp. 33-37

[12] S. S. Athalye and R. S. Patil. (1998). “Bionomics, seasonal incidence and chemical control of cashew leafminer”. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. Vol. 23. pp. 29-31

[13] S. Tsutomu. (2004). “Insecticide susceptibility of the leafminer, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)”. Applied Entomology and Zoology. Vol. 39, no 2. pp. 203-208

Acknowledgements

The author is appreciative to the Honorable Vice Chancellor, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Lal and Director (Research), Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, (Deemed-to-be University), Formerly AAIDU, Allahabad, India, for providing the necessary facilities.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, July 2016 1642 http://ijesc.org/