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Alt-right - RationalWiki https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Alt-right

Alt-right

From RationalWiki Well, tough luck, fags. The alt-right is just a euphemism for “ . And Nazism is based on the eternal laws of nature itself. It’s incorruptible.

—”[1]

Here's how to understand the alt-right: Think about what's right, “ then think about the alternative to that.

—Stephen Colbert”[2]

The alt-right (short for alternative right )[note 1] is a far-right movement believed to be caused by Obama Derangement Syndrome that opposes There are two, and only and social justice movements (or what they call "Cultural two, scientific definitions of Marxists" and "SJWs"). The movement is made up largely of young - "alt-right". dwellers, and is itself the merger of traditional white nationalists, neo- Nazis , neo-Confederates, and far-right internet groups (such as the Frogs and swastikas neoreactionary movement and right-wing elements of the Gamergate Alt-right movement and the ). The alt-right consensus generally rests at the juncture of those three groups. The alt-right is also united by its support for U.S. Republican President . The term originated with Richard Spencer's white nationalist magazine/ Alternative Right , which was nicknamed "AltRight".

The alt-right wholeheartedly embraces the overt , anti-Semitism, Hitler wannabes , neo-Nazi affectations, bullying, and trolling of chan culture as a Hoppe and Evola lifestyle. You'll find them on /pol/, /r/The_Donald, My Posting Career, Taylor and Spencer , , or Stuff; they make up a sizable fraction of the more Bannon and Milo radical and uncouth sections of Gamergate. They're also the ones who SF, TDS, TRS and /pol/ popularized "" as a term of abuse for those on the right who are deemed not racist enough. Their loud fanboys

Whether they are primarily neoreactionaries who are into white Anatoly Karlin or white nationalists dressing their ideas up with neoreactionary jargon is probably a distinction without a difference. The John Fuerst term "alt-right" has come to be more generally used for Trump supporters who think swastikas are good; in this context, it's just a hip name for white supremacists. Rebuilding racism

Atomwaffen Division Gamergate Contents The Storm 1 Origins Buzzwords 1.1 The dawn of shitposting

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2 Major tenets 2.1 Whites are under attack Alt-right glossary Manosphere glossary 2.2 Men are under attack 2.3 Language is under attack v - t - e (https://rationalwiki.org 2.4 White homeland /w/index.php?title=Template:Altrightnav& 2.5 Rehashing the ideas of past losers by new losers action=edit) 2.6 The need for attention, especially from traditional media outlets 2.7 Doublethink 2.8 Alt-tech 3 Trump fandom 3.1 Unite the Right 4 See also 5 External links 6 Notes 7 References

Origins

The alt-right began with a speech the conservative writer gave in 2008, after the “ Republican Party's electoral wipeout. […] But it was Donald Trump's presidential campaign that brought the movement into the mainstream".

—”[3]

The press has been mistaking it for an online phenomenon even though some factions pre-date the internet. and vloggers are the online element with others having one foot in the real world and the other online. You can trace it back through father's rights and mythopoetics back in the 1980s, [4][5][6] which had some crossover with /Quiverfull in the 1990s. [7][8] Over time it became more myopic and selfish, with Men's Rights, Ladder Theory, PUA, and . [9] Gamergate was the debutante ball for a lot of the reaction which had been building but had no central ladder. [10][11]

The paleocon wing is perhaps the oldest (hence paleo): [12] (himself a Nixon aide) founded the journal which produced Richard Spencer, and you have guys who were once mainstream like , [13] who was an aide to Orrin Hatch and editor of Forbes . Then you have the Clinton-era groups like the , [14] who are in or out depending on who you talk to.[15] There's the neoreaction wing made up of techies and businesspeople where some have considerable weight [16] (see Peter Thiel advising Trump), and others who are just extremely prolific bloggers (Mencius Moldbug).[17] There's the academic HBD/eugenicist wing made up of professors, grad students, and their followers, some of whom are actually affiliated with neo-Nazi parties like Kevin MacDonald. The internet didn't really cause these things so much as it allowed consolidation into the loose coalition of alt-right. There's even more sects, but the point of things like "Unite the Right" is to try to hold all of them together.

Who exactly brought the movement to the mainstream? Richard Spencer, who is best described thus: [18]

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Richard Spencer uses chopsticks to deftly pluck slivers of togarashi-crusted ahi from a rectangular plate. He is sitting in the Continental-style lounge of the Firebrand Hotel, near his home in the upscale resort town of Whitefish, Montana, discussing a subject not typically broached in polite company. "Race is something between a breed and an actual species," he says, likening the differences between whites and people of color to those between golden retrievers and basset hounds. "It's that powerful." We are well into our third round of Arrogant Frog, a merlot that Spencer chose because its name reminds him of Pepe, the cartoon frog commandeered as a mascot by the "alt-right" movement that has been thrust from the shadows by Donald Trump's presidential campaign. Spencer says Pepe could also be seen as the reincarnation of an ancient Egyptian frog deity, Kek: "He is basically using the alt-right to unleash chaos and change the world," he says, looking slightly annoyed when I crack a smile. "You might say, 'Wow,' but this is literally how religions arise."

The correct response to Spencer and to the alt-right is "wow, that's some fucking cringey racialist bullshit".

The dawn of shitposting

Although the alt-right has only come into prominence in recent years, the truth is that random people using the Internet to spread cringey white supremacist propaganda is nothing new. Perhaps the first example of such would be the 1995 Usenet essay The Long March by Ian P. McKinney of the neo-Fascist National Alliance. [19] This essay was infamous not only for its extreme bigotry and logic that would best be described as being not even wrong, but also for being spammed everywhere on the Internet.

The essay begins with a plea, supposedly to those who care enough about the fate of Western civilization, to heed the author's words. The essay then attacks and for not being racist enough for McKinney's liking (one can assume that, if the word "cuckservative" existed at the time, McKinney would have used it).

From there, the author proceeds to rattle off a painfully long diatribe in which he fusses about IQ scores, religiously cites The Bell Curve , and uses all other manner of disproven statistics, circumstantial evidence, half- truths, stereotypes, and condescending pseudo-intellectual jargon to reach his main "conclusion": that are developmentally inferior to Caucasians and that the only reason anyone believes otherwise is because of the fiendish machinations of Jewish communists who have successfully infiltrated the Cultural Anthropology departments of major universities as part of their sinister plot to overthrow Western civilization.

McKinney argues that racial equality is a "false religion" promoted by fanatical sheeple consisting of liberals and moderate conservatives (and yes, he counts people like Gingrich as "moderates"), and there's also a brief mention of immigration causing white . At least the knowledge that Mr. McKinney clearly has a lifetime's supply of tinfoil is of some use, should we need to borrow some for baking.

Major tenets

“ The alt-right is a loser's poor fantasy of what a radical revolution looks like. I should know. —from former neo-Nazi Jacob Bacharach ”[20] “ The alt-right is just a euphemism for Nazism. —The Daily Stormer”[1]

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Superstructure taken from: [21]

Whites are under attack

"I am not a Sith. I am a 'Force realist.'" “ #AltRightStarWars

—Patton Oswalt ”[22]

The subbreddit /r/AltRight defines itself thusly: [23]

The Alt-Right, unlike the dominant ideology of the 20 th Century (/), examines the world through a lens of realism. Rather than continue to look at the world through the ideological blinders that Liberalism imposes in its dogmatic evangelism of the Equalitarian religion, we prefer to look & examine social relations & demographics from a perspective of what's real. Thus, racial & sexual realism is a key component of the Alt- Right — perhaps the key component that ties the diverse Look, it's the alt-swastika! factions within it together. Another core principle of the Alt-Right is Identitarianism. Identitarianism is the prioritization of social identity, regardless of political persuasion. Thus, the Alt-Right promotes and .

Men are under attack

See the main article on this topic: Anti-

In journalist Mike Wendling's book Alt-Right: From 4chan to the , the alt-right's views on women's rights are explained thusly:

They are also opposed to feminism. (...) Some even say that giving women the franchise was a terrible mistake. Many embrace the old conservative lament that "these days" things have "gone too far" and call for a reaffirmation of traditional values. At the same time, other alt-righters are obsessed with porn and the promise of sexual freedom offered by "pick-up artists."

Language is under attack

See the main article on this topic:

White homeland

While not much different from views expressed by more traditional idiots white nationalists like , members of the alt-right have called for a "white homeland" and the potential division of the continental into ethno "regions". For example, noted asshat alt-right leader has called for the white region to be named "Avalon". [24]

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Rehashing the ideas of past losers by new losers

Any one of these dweebs alt-right leaders are basically just taking the ideas of past idiots like , Tom Metzger and (who was such a joke in his day that he was murdered by a bunch of fellow Neo-nazis in 1967), dusting them off and updating a few words here and there. Then when shit gets crazy, much like supreme asshole alt-right figurehead Gavin McInnes, they abandon the alt-right ship and say the whole thing was just a joke anyways.

Most involved in movement are attention seeking media whores who will latch onto anything in order to get a press agent. When judged on accomplishments alone, someone like , who can't seem to figure out how to properly book a room at UC Berkeley, stands shoulder to shoulder with a complete nutjob like David Duke, who can't get through an interview without frothing at the mouth about his fake PhD and disavowing his past KKK affiliation.

On substance, they indeed put forth the same vile tenets of white , nazi ideology and ethnic inferiority as part of their modern agenda. But they share the same laughable ineptitude as their forefathers at not being able to make even the most basic logical case for their point of view when challenged with the most simplistic line of rational questioning. Although to be fair that's probably not true of all of them, there may even be some who can make a coherent logical argument in support of their socio-political position that " are good, period"...that doesn't even ignore the obvious counterargument that there are a hell of a lot of bad white people with more and more coming out of the woodwork each and every day and no you can't blame all that on the blacks but you can blame it on the fact that they survived the rocky shoals of white intra-family crime and made it to the firm ground of white-owned America where they stood tall and proudly declared themselves to be The Greatest Race On Earth as a result of that fact. Does kinda prove their point, actually, but realistically that's an argument that no white-supremacist would ever make. Simply because no white supremacist is a criminal or would ever become one, and thus never would be personally responsible for white intra-family or intra-race crime. Or any crime at all, other than the obvious crime of going around and claiming that white people and only white people are good for the country, and that we need to get rid of all the no-whites in order to [still unsure on what that "white" means and what kind of "great" they're talking about].

...in any rate, let's just say that on substance they're somewhat circular. The country would be great only if white people are in charge and only white people are in it and that's true because white people say so. The fact that there is disagreement is a result of non-white influence and should be not just ignored but destroyed for the good of the country. Remember: white=right, white=good. Those who disagree are the spawn of Satan.

The need for attention, especially from traditional media outlets

For whatever reasons, most of the leaders that have emerged from this joke new movement have shared the same trait as their glorious forefathers in so far as needing attention from both traditional and non traditional media outlets. But this might also be what separates them from your average, low IQ neo-nazi and KKK member, who have, up until now at least, only really managed to be able to produce typo-strewn monthly publications and random acts of violence, mostly on their fellow idiots race warriors.

In being able to actually put a sentence together, traditional media outlets have raced to interview, profile and "examine" this group of complete dickwads "new voices" emerging on the fringes of the right wing. The major issue with this development is that, at the end of the day, they are basically just re-hashing the tenets of racist propaganda for their own gain.

The other problem with of all this lies in the fact that by giving these asshats alt-right figureheads a platform, traditional media outlets (also corrupted by blacks) have allowed them to spread a damaging underlying

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message of hatred to many more ears (also corrupted by blacks) than their incompetent predecessors could have ever dreamt possible. This fact can (and does) have tragic consequences, as witnessed by some of the recent mass shootings (largely caused by the blacks). But even when the alt-right tries to walk back from these events (as they usually do once the proverbial shit hits the fan as a result of black involvement), they eventually take credit for these tragedies by referencing them (and blaming them on the blacks) at the first possible instance, once the dust has settled of course (listen to any of idiot in chief 's latest interviews and he will specially address these events when the slightest opportunity is presented to him).

Doublethink

In order for the alt-right's massive number of conspiracies, slurs, and insults to make any kind of sense, obscene use of doublethink is basically required. To quote :[25]

The anti-Semitism of the alt-right, the newest manifestation of bigotry that combines age-old hatred with internet-era technological savvy, biting wit and a self-conscious sense of irony, shows no more logical consistency than the anti-Semitism of the past. are both all-powerful puppetmasters and sniveling weaklings, rapacious capitalists and left-wing anarchists. never happened, but man, was it cool.

Alt-tech

Alt-tech refers to a recent phenomenon of various "free speech" internet and companies which serve as alternatives to mainstream websites such as YouTube, , , , , Patreon, GoFundMe, and dating sites . In many cases, these websites are overflowing with typical alt-right content and while many of these websites do not necessarily support the views of the alt-right (with a few exceptions) they tend to have plenty of users who post or upload content that is explicitly in line with the alt-right. "Alt-tech" websites include PewTube, Gab, WrongThink, Voat, Hatreon, Rightpedia, Goy Fund Me, and WASP Love. One New York Times reporter had used various "Alt-tech" outlets and found them to be a mess in his own eyes.

The alt-right idea of "free speech" is the protected right to call for the deportation or death of non-whites, [26] trying to get a feel for those who agree with you, [27][28] coordinating efforts to disseminate and refine the ideas espoused in the name of "free speech," [29] public events to spread the ideas outside of one's social circle, [30] and from a political standpoint to have those ideas brought into the public discourse. [31][32][33][34] All of this is legal as long as it is done through the magical lens of probable deniability. [35]

Trump fandom

“ If you don’t like the Religious Right, just wait till you see the Post-Religious Right. —Ross Douthat ”[36]

The full spectrum from neoreaction through to the alt-right came out solidly for Donald Trump as 2016 Presidential nominee. In an interview with MSNBC, Republican strategist Rick Wilson characterised Trump

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supporters as an online movement of anti-Semites and "childless single men who masturbate to anime," noting the "Hitler iconography in their Twitter icons and names." [37] Elements of the alt-right have also been sympathetic to , Vladimir Putin [38] and Brexit—although some white nationalists call for a European superstate built along ethnic lines, [39] not unlike 's "Europe a Nation" policy. [40]

Steve Bannon the former CEO of the Trump campaign and now Trump's Chief Political Strategist ex-Chief Political Strategist in the White House, is also tied in with the alt-right and anti-"Establishment" ; he was the former executive chairman of LLC [41] and The Alt Right: fascists on the inside, fans of societal "turned Breitbart into Trump Pravda for his own personal progress on the outside. gain", according to former Breitbart employee . Under his leadership, Breitbart embraced "the white supremacist alt-right", and the "[became] the alt- right go-to website", according to Shapiro. [42]

Unite the Right

See the main article on this topic: Unite the Right

On August 12, 2017, various alt-right white nationalist, white supremacist, and anti-Semitic groups held a rally in the city of Charlottesville, where they protested against the Jews and their supposed plan to replace the white race with non-white immigrants. Cries of "Jews will not replace us" and "You will not replace us" followed by "White Lives Matter" and the Nazi-era slogan "Blood and Soil" were heard. Unfortunately for the protesters, activists and counter-protesters were standing in their way and what was a simple protest soon turned to violence when a Neo-Nazi named James Alex Fields Jr. killed a woman named Heather Heyer during the rally. This wasn't the only act of violence, though. A protester was seen shooting a gun, three protesters were seen beating a black man, and members led by Craig Tubbs shoved their shields at counter-protesters. Afterwards, the organizer of the rally, , was denounced and later sentenced to 50 hours of community service for punching James Taylor. The Daily Stormer insulted the victim killed in the rally during the subsequent media frenzy, resulting in the website being expelled from and GoDaddy.com.

See also

Alt-right glossary For those of you in the mood, Distinction without a difference RationalWiki has a fun article about Neo-Nazism, of which some of the more hardcore elements of the Alt-right . alt-right are associated with Identitarianism, a European white that is followed by some members of the alt-right such as and Richard Spencer , the symbol of the alt-right

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4chan, one of the hubs of the alt-right Gab, alternative to Twitter while not "alt-right" per se does have users over there that follow this ideology PewTube, "free speech" alternative to YouTube whose users and founder engage in alt-right behavior Breitbart News, a news service which many in the alt-right follow

External links

I’m not Sith, I’m Alt-Jedi, clarifies Darth Vader (http://newsthump.com/2016/12/20/im-not-sith-im-alt- jedi-clarifies-darth-vader/) Clinton mentioned the alt-right, and they went berserk (http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/27/us/politics /alt-right-reaction.html). Meanwhile the "alt-light" (the Gamergate-esque subset of the alt-right who didn't quite know what they were getting into) mocked Clinton for suggesting that Pepe had anything to do with . Alternative Right (https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alternative-right) (Southern Poverty Law Center) explainer on the alt-right (http://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11434098/alt-right-explained) How they describe themselves (http://web.archive.org/web/20160831033749/https://www.reddit.com /r/altright/comments/4ziw6i/new_to_the_alt_right_dont_believe_the_lying_press/?st=isicr37b& sh=bdc7676d), as per Reddit. DON'T BELIEVE THE MSM SHILLS! Cyanide and Happiness explains: Neo-Nazi Simulator 2016 (http://explosm.net/comics/4467/) Reddit:

/r/AltRight ( https://www.reddit.com/r/AltRight/ ) - Banned on February 1, 2017 (for ). The mods took away the subs that let them torment black people/fat people, "investigate" a fictitious pedophile ring, or share such baubles as "the end goal of feminism is lesbianism". Truly a dark day for America. /r/theNewRight (https://www.reddit.com/r/TheNewRight/)

Are Jews White? (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/12/are-jews-white/509453/) on the Alt-Right's hatred of Jews Salon' s Alt-right series:

"A history of hate: How the alt-right became racist (Part 1)" (http://www.salon.com/2016/12 /08/how-the-alt-right-became-racist-a-short-history-of-hate-part-1/) "How the alt-right became racist, Part 2: Long before Trump, white nationalists flocked to " (http://www.salon.com/2016/12/09/how-the-alt-right-became-racist-part-2-long-before- trump-white-nationalists-flocked-to-ron-paul/) "Rise of the alt-right: How mainstream conservatives’ obsession with purity fueled a - wing radicalism" (http://www.salon.com/2016/12/14/rise-of-the-alt-right-how-mainstream- conservatives-empowered-racism-and-engineered-their-own-destruction/)

Notes

1. Get it?

References

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"'Alt-Right' Declares Flame War On Oath Keepers" News is helping to spread Neo-Nazi propaganda" (https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/15/alt-right- (http://www.newsweek.com/neo-nazi-david-duke-backed-

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meme-was-reported-tucker-carlson-without-context- (http://crooksandliars.com/2016/01/gop-strategist-calls- 714655), (19 November 2017, 10:00 AM). trump-supporters), Crooks and Liars , Jan. 19, 2016. 34. Lenz, Ryan, "Racists roam the halls of CPAC, and the 38. Everett, Chris (August 4, 2016). "The 'alternative' right has a conservative conference ends in controversy over racist Putin problem" (http://commentcentral.co.uk/the-alternative- comments" (https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02 right-has-a-putin-problem/). Comment Central . /26/racists-roam-halls-cpac-and-conservative-conference- 39. Gais, Hannah (June 28, 2016). "Alt-Right Emboldened" ends-controversy-over-racist-comments), SPLC 26 February (http://washingtonspectator.org/alt-right-brexit/). The 2018. Washington Spectator . 35. Fulbright, Alexander, "Nazi imagery on full display at alt- 40. See the Wikipedia article on Europe a Nation. right event in Washington" (https://www.timesofisrael.com 41. See the Wikipedia article on Stephen Bannon. /nazi-imagery-on-full-display-at-alt-right-event-in- 42. Shapiro, Ben."I Know Trump's New Campaign Chairman, washington/), Times of Israel (21 November 2016, 12:44 . Here's What You Need To Know." pm). (http://www.dailywire.com/news/8441/i-know-trumps-new- 36. https://twitter.com/douthatnyt/status/704462319074594816 campaign-chairman-steve-bannon-ben-shapiro). The Daily 37. Heather, GOP Strategist Calls Trump Supporters 'Childless, Wire . Single Men Who Masturbate To Anime'

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10 of 10 5/25/2018, 11:52 PM Alt-right

The alt-right, or alternative right, is a loosely-connected and somewhat ill-defined[1] grouping of white supremacists, neo- Confederates, neo-Nazis, neo-fascists, and other far-right[2][3][4] fringe hate groups.[5][6] Alt-right beliefs have been described as isolationist, protectionist, antisemitic and white supremacist,[7][8][9] frequently overlapping with neo- Nazism,[10][11][12][13] identitarianism,[14] and ,[15][16][17][18][19] antifeminism, misogyny and homophobia,[10][20][21][22][13] right-wing populism[23][24] and the neoreactionary movement.[7][25] The concept has further been associated with several groups such as American nationalists, paleoconservatives, paleolibertarians, Christian An alt-right Donald Trump supporter at the March 4 fundamentalists, neo-monarchists, men's rights advocates, and Trump in Saint Paul, Minnesota the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.[15][24][25][26][27][14]

White supremacist[28] Richard Spencer initially promoted the term in 2010 in reference to a movement centered on white nationalism and did so, according to the , to disguise overt racism, white , neo-fascism and neo- Nazism.[29][30][31] The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during and after the 2016 United States presidential election.[32]

Republicans and conservatives such as Ben Shapiro and Cory Gardner[33] and members of the conservative Heritage "Unite the Right" participants preparing to enter Foundation[34] have condemned the alt-right for its racism, Emancipation Park in Charlottesville, Virginia on August , and prejudice. The Trump administration has 12, 2017 included several figures who are associated with the alt-right, such as Senior Advisor to the President Stephen Miller, Special Assistant to the President , former National Security Advisor , former Deputy Assistant to the President and former White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon.[35][36][37][38][39][40] In 2016, Bannon described Breitbart as "the platform for the alt-right", with the goal of promoting the ideology.[41] After Trump's election, other Republican candidates for office, such as , Corey Stewart, , Joe Arpaio and , ran with the support of the movement.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

According to a Southern Poverty Law Center report published in February 2018, over 100 people have been killed and injured in 13 attacks by alt-right influenced perpetrators since 2014. Political scientists and political leaders have argued that it should be classified as a terrorist or extremist movement. The SPLC report expressed strong concern about the alt-right, claiming that its ideologies are radicalizing young, suburban white males and helped inspire the 2014 Isla Vista killings, the Charleston church shooting, the Quebec City mosque shooting, the vehicle ramming attack at the , the Umpqua Community College shooting, as well as other lower-profile attacks and acts of violence.[48] In 2017, terrorist attacks and violence affiliated with the alt-right and white supremacy were the leading cause of extremist violence in theUnited States according to the Anti- League.[49][50] Contents

Etymology and scope Beliefs White supremacy and white nationalism Anti-interventionism and opposition to Anti-feminism Christianity History Trump presidential campaign and presidency Movement in "disarray"? Reactions Conservatives Liberals Political scientists Online Commentary Use of memes Links to violence and Debate over classification Violence Notable incidents 2017 Aztec school shooting Antipodean Resistance Brandon Russell (RAM) Unite the Right rally

"Alt-left" neologism See also References External links

Etymology and scope

The term "alt-right" was first used in November 2008 by self-described paleoconservative philosopher Paul Gottfried, addressing the H. L. Mencken Club about what he called "the alternative right".[51] This was republished in December under the title "The Decline and Rise of the Alternative Right"[52] in the conservative Taki's Magazine, making this the earliest published usage of the phrase in its current context according to Slate. In 2009, two more posts at Taki's Magazine, by Patrick J. Ford and Jack , further discussed the alternative right.[53] Since 2016, the term has been commonly attributed to Richard B. Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute and founder of Alternative Right.[23][54][55]

The scope of the term "alt-right" is, as of February 2018, still in flux. The Associated Press advises its journalists to not use the term without providing an internal definition, due to its [56] vagueness. The Anti-Defamation League states that "alt-right" is a "vague term actually Richard Spencer is encompass[ing] a range of people on the extreme right who reject mainstream conservatism in considered a leader of the favor of forms of conservatism that embrace implicit or explicit racism or white alt-right supremacy."[57] Conservative writer Ben Shapiro claims that the American Left has attempted "to lump in the Right with the alt-right by accepting a broader, false definition of the alt-right that could include traditional conservatism,"[58] but other conservatives have advocated for a broader definition. For instance, Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos of Breitbart News described the Alt-right in March 2016 as "an amorphous movement ... some— mostly Establishment types—insist it's little more than a vehicle for the worst dregs of human society: anti-Semites, white supremacists, and other members of the Stormfront set."[59] On the other hand, the Southern Poverty Law Center states that "[t]he Alt-Right is intimately connected [to] American Identitarianism, a version of an ideology popular in Europe that emphasizes cultural and racial homogeneity within different countries," and also notes that multiple alt-right leaders, including Richard Spencer, embrace explicit anti-semitism.[60]

Beliefs

The Associated Press stated:

The 'alt-right' or 'alternative right' is a name currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists to refer to themselves and their ideology, which emphasizes preserving and protecting the white race in the United States in addition to, or over, other traditional conservative positions such as limited , low taxes and strict law-and-order. The movement has been described as a mix of racism, white nationalism and populism ... criticizes "multiculturalism" Alt-right protestors during the 2017Unite the and more rights for non-whites, women, Jews, , Right rally. Marchers are carrying the logo of , while a man recording has gays, immigrants and other minorities. Its members reject a t-shirt praising German dictatorAdolf Hitler. the American democratic ideal that all should have equality under the law regardless of creed, gender, ethnic origin or race.[29][61]

There is no formal organization and it is not clear if the alt-right can be considered a movement,[62] according to a 2016 description in the Columbia Journalism Review: "Because of the nebulous nature of online communities, nobody's entirely sure who the alt-righters are and what motivates them. It's also unclear which among them are true believers and which are smart-ass troublemakers trying to ruffle feathers".[63] Many of its own proponents often claim they are joking or seeking to provoke an outraged response.[23] Andrew Marantz of describes it as "a label, like 'snob' or 'hipster,' that is often disavowed by people who exemplify it".[27]

It has been said to include elements of white nationalism,[10][11][23] white supremacism,[8][9][64] antisemitism,[10][11][12] right-wing populism,[23] nativism[15] and the neoreactionary movement.[25] Andrew Marantz includes "neo-monarchists, masculinists, conspiracists, belligerent nihilists".[27] Newsday columnist Cathy Young noted the alt-right's strong opposition to both legal and and its hard-line stance on the European migrant crisis.[65] Robert Tracinski of has written that the alt-right opposes and advocates collectivism as well as tribalism.[66] stated on NPR that political correctness is seen by the alt-right as "the greatest threat to their liberty".[20]

Milo Yiannopoulos claims that some "young rebels" are drawn to the alt-right not for deeply political reasons but "because it promises fun, transgression, and a challenge to social norms".[67] According to The New Yorker, "testing the strength of the speech taboos that revolve around conventional politics-of what can be said, and how directly", is a major component of alt-right identity.[67] The beliefs that make the alt-right perceptible as a movement "are in their essence not matters of substance but of style", and the alt- right's tone may just be concealing "a more familiar politics".[67]

White supremacy and white nationalism White supremacist[28][68][69][70] Richard Spencer coined the term in 2010 in reference to a movement centered on white nationalism and has been accused by some media publications of doing so to excuse overt racism, white supremacism and neo- Nazism.[29][31][71][72][73] Spencer has described the alt-right as “identity politics for and for Europeans around the world".[74]

While the label of white nationalism is disputed by some political commentators, including Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos,[75] alt-right figures such as Andrew Anglin of neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer and Marcus Halberstram of Fash the Nation have embraced the term as the core their movement is based on.[76][77] In response to a Washington Post article that portrayed the movement as "offensiveness for the sake of offensiveness", Anglin said: "No it isn't. The goal is to ethnically cleanse White nations of non-Whites and establish an authoritarian government. Many people also believe that the Jews should be exterminated".[78][79]

The alt-right has served as a bridge between white nationalism and traditional conservatism and as a tool used by white nationalists to try and push their rhetoric into the mainstream.[80] For instance, prominent alt-right figures on Twitter have used activism focused on the white genocide , combined with more mainstream-oriented alt-right , to try and bring more radical white nationalist beliefs into the mainstream.[81]

One observed oddity is that many leaders of the alt-right movement are married to or romantically connected with women with Asian backgrounds. Examples include Andrew Anglin, Richard Spencer, , and Kyle Chapman. Audrea Lim, writing in The New York Times, quotes an alt-right commenter as writing that "'exclusively' dating Asian women is practically a 'white-nationalist rite of passage.'" Lim speculates that the trend may be "at the intersection of two popular racial myths", the first that Asian-Americans are a "model minority" that works hard, is high-achieving and behaves itself. The other is that Asian women are subservient and hypersexualized.[82]

Anti-interventionism and opposition to neoconservatism Particularly when it comes to and international politics, the alt-right is fundamentally opposed to neoconservatism, a standpoint the alt-right shares with . This was particularly reflected by the reaction of the alt-right in the wake of the Shayrat missile strike, such as by Richard Spencer, and Mike Cernovich. This anti-neoconservative stance is informed by their strong nationalist ideology as well as through their non-interventionism and isolationism, hence the rallying around the slogans "Make America Great Again" and "America First".[83] [84]

Anti-feminism The alt-right is often described as "misogynistic" and supporting an "anti-woman" view.[20] Opposition to feminism and intersectionality are common.[85]

Christianity Some elements of the alt-right are anti-Christian and seek a revival of paganism. According to an essay by Richard Spencer, "critics of Christianity on the Alternative Right usually blame it for its universalism."[86]

However, other elements of the movement strongly embrace and overlap with the American .[87][88]

History

According to economist Jeffrey Tucker of the Foundation for Economic Education, the alt-right "inherits a long and dreary tradition of thought from Friedrich Hegel to Thomas Carlyle to Oswald Spengler to Madison Grant to Othmar Spann to Giovanni Gentile to Trump's speeches". He states that alt-right proponents "look back to what they imagine to be a golden age when elites ruled and peons obeyed" and believe that "identity is everything and the loss of identity is the greatest crime against self anyone can imagine".[89]

In March 2016, Breitbart News writers Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos published a piece on the alt-right, whichCNN described as being similar to a manifesto.[90] In that article, they described the alt-right as being derived from the Old Right of the United States as well from various New Right movements of Europe, citing the movement has been influenced by Oswald Spengler, Henry Louis Mencken, Julius Evola and modern influences such as paleoconservatives Patrick J. Buchanan and Samuel T. Francis.[75] Jeet Heer of The New Republic likewise identifies the alt-right as having ideological origins among paleoconservatives, particularly with respect to its positions restricting immigration and , a prominent [91][92] white nationalist, is a figure supporting an openly nationalistic foreign policy. in the alt-right community An analysis by described the ethno-nationalism of the New Right as the alt- right's progenitor.[24][93] Writing in the Washington Post, Matthew Sheffield said the alt-right has also been influenced by anarcho-capitalist and paleolibertarian theorist , specifically in regards to his theorizing on race and democracy and had previously rallied behind Ron Paul in 2008.[94] Anarcho-capitalist Jeffrey Tucker has said the alt- right is opposed to libertarianism because the alt-right focuses on group identity and tribalism instead of individual liberty.[89] American professor and scholar Benjamin R. Teitelbaum compares the alt-right in the United States to identitarianism in Europe and notes that both were influenced by thinkers in the French New Right orNouvelle Droite.[95]

Notable current promoters of alt-right ideology includeV ox Day,[96] ,[97] Richard Spencer,[98] and Brittany Pettibone.[99]

Trump presidential campaign and presidency The term drew considerable media attention and controversy during the2016 presidential election, particularly after Trump appointed Breitbart News chair Steven Bannon as CEO of the Trump campaign in August. Steve Bannon referred to Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".[41] The alt-right was exceedingly vocal in support for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.[23][100][101][102][103][104] During the campaign, opposing candidate attacked the alt-right as "racist ideas ... anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant, anti-women ideas" and accused rumpT of taking the alt-right "mainstream".[105]

Media attention grew after the election, particularly during a post-election celebratory meeting near the White House hosted by Richard Spencer. Spencer used several Nazi propaganda terms during a meeting and closed with "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory". In response, supporters of Spencer gave the and chanted in a similar fashion to the Sieg Heil chant used at the Nuremberg rallies. Spencer defended the conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit of "irony and exuberance".[106][107] Following the episode, the Associated Press described the "alt-right" label as "currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists" that "may exist primarily as a public-relations device to make its supporters' actual beliefs less clear and more acceptable to a broader audience". The AP said that it has previously called such beliefs "racist, neo-Nazi or white supremacist".[29]

In February 2017, Reddit banned the r/altright subreddit for violating its anti-doxxing policy.[108][109] In April 2017, many alt-right populist media figures criticized Trump's 2017 Shayrat missile strike for being an apparent reversal of his policy towards war in and the Middle East.[110][111][112][113] pointed out that Trump "campaigned on not getting involved in Mideast" and this was one of the reasons many voted for him.[110][114][115][116][117]

Although the movement saw significant gains in 2015 and 2016, it began significantly declining in power and membership in 2017 and 2018. This has been due to multiple reasons, including: the backlash of the Unite the Right rally, the fracturing of the movement, more effective banishment of and from major sites, and widespread opposition by the American population.[118] There has been widespread concern that as the chance of a large-scale political movement dies out, that lone-wolf terrorist attacks from members will become common.[118] In 2017, terrorist attacks and violence affiliated with the alt-right and white supremacy were the leading cause of extremist violence in theUnited States.[49] Several alt-right candidates are running in 2018 elections as Republican candidates, such as the holocaust denier and neo-Nazi Arthur Jones for an Illinois congressional seat and the white supremacist Paul Nehlen for the Wisconsin seat of , the Republican Speaker of the House[119] and neo-Nazi Patrick Little for the election in , 2018.[120][121]

Movement in "disarray"? In April 2018, The Washington Post reported that the Alt-right was in "disarray" and quoted Heidi Beirich of the Southern Poverty Law Center as saying that it was "imploding", while Marilyn Mayo of the Anti-Defamation League said that it was "on a downward spiral," but indicated a possibility that the alt-rightists would "regroup". Chris Schiano of Unicorn Riot said that the movement was "basically done". The problems facing the movement included "lawsuits and arrests, fundraising difficulties, tepid recruitment, widespread infighting, fierce counterprotests, and banishment from social media platforms". The article cites the dissolution of the Traditionalist Workers Party, the fact that Andrew Anglin, founder of The Daily Stormer was in hiding due to a harassment lawsuit, and the canceling of a speaking tour for high-profile Alt-rightist Richard Spencer as signs that the Alt-right may have "peaked" as a political movement. On the other hand, at least one group which has taken steps to minimize their identification as being part of the Alt-right, Identity Evropa, was reported as having increased their enrollment.[122][123]

Reactions

Conservatives Writing in The Federalist, Cathy Young stated that the website Radix Journal had replaced the Alternative Right website and describes a Radix Journal article on abortion which proclaimed that the pro-life position is "dysgenic", since it encourages breeding by 'the least intelligent and responsible' women".[124]

In The Federalist, conservative political scientist Nathanael Blake stated that Christianity and Greco-Roman philosophy, rather than race, are the foundations upon which Western Civilization was built and that the alt-right is actually attacking Western Civilization rather than defending it.[125] Writing for , David A. French called alt-right proponents "wanna-be fascists" and bemoaned their entry into the national political conversation.[126] Writing for , Benjamin Welton instead described the alt-right as a "highly heterogeneous force" that "turns the left's moralism on its head and makes it a badge of honor to be called 'racist,' 'homophobic,' and 'sexist'".[127]

In an interview with The New York Times on November 22, President-elect Donald Trump disavowed and condemned the alt- right[128] to the dismay of many of his alt-right supporters.[129]

Liberals Writing for The New Yorker, Benjamin Wallace-Wells described it as a "loosely assembled far-right movement", but said that its differences from the conventional right-wing in American politics are more a matter of style than of substance: "One way to understand the alt-right is not as a movement but as a collective experiment in identity, in the same way that many people use anonymity on the Internet to test more extreme versions of themselves".[23]

On August 25, 2016 Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton gave a speech accusing Republican candidate Donald Trump of "helping a radical fringe take over the Republican Party".[130] She identified this radical fringe with the alt-right and noted that Trump's campaign chief executive Steve Bannon had described his Breitbart News Network as "the platform for the alt-right".[131] Some members of the group were delighted and described Clinton's speech as "free publicity", noted that Google searches peaked afterward and suggested that millions of people were hearing of the movement "for the very first time".[132]

In Newsday, Young called the alt-right "a nest of anti-Semitism" inhabited by "white supremacists" who regularly use "repulsive bigotry". on All In with Chris Hayes described alt-right as a euphemistic term for "essentially modern-day white supremacy".[133] BuzzFeed reporter Rosie Gray described the alt-right as "white supremacy perfectly tailored for our times", saying that it uses "aggressive rhetoric and outright racial and anti-Semitic slurs" and that it has "more in common with European far-right movements than American ones".[134][135]

Writing for , Yishai Schwartz described the alt-right as "vitriolically anti-Semitic" by saying that "The 'alternative' that the alt-right presents is, in large part, an alternative to acceptance of Jews" and warned that it must be taken seriously as a threat.[136] Also writing for Haaretz, Chemi Shalev has observed that alt-right supporters of Trump "despise Jewish liberals with same venom that Israeli right detests Jewish leftists".[137]

Political scientists Professor George Hawley of the University of Alabama suggested that the alt-right may pose a greater threat to progressivism than the mainstream conservative movement.[138]

In December 2016, artist Arrington de Dionyso, whose murals are frequently displayed at the Comet Ping Pong pizzeria, described the alt-right's on-line campaign of harassment against him in detail[139] and averred of the attacks in general: "I think it's a very deliberate assault, which will eventually be a coordinated assault on all forms of free expression". The Pizzagate conspiracy theory which inspired said harassment has drawn comparisons with the .[140] A wave of threats against Jewish Community Centers starting in 2017 were blamed on the alt-right in a January 2017 article by Slate's Elissa Strauss, who said members of the alt-right viewed them as "a practical joke".[141]

Online The activist group Stop Normalizing, which opposes the normalization of terms like alt-right, developed the "Stop Normalizing Alt Right" Chrome extension. The extension went viral shortly after the release of Stop Normalizing's website.[142] The extension changes the term "alt-right" on webpages to "white supremacy".[143][144][145][146][147] The extension and group were founded by a New York-based advertising and media professional under the pseudonym George Zola.[148]

Commentary

In National Review in April 2016, Ian Tuttle wrote:

The Alt-Right has evangelized over the last several months primarily via a racist and antisemitic online presence. But for Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos, the alt-right consists of fun-loving provocateurs, valiant defenders of Western civilization, daring intellectuals—and a handful of neo-Nazis keen on a 2.0, but there are only a few of them, and nobody likes them anyways.[149]

Bokhari and Yiannopoulos describe Jared Taylor (founder of American Renaissance) and Richard B. Spencer (founder of Alternative Right) as representative of intellectuals in the alt-right.[75][149] Kevin B. MacDonald is also mentioned as an alt-right thinker.[29]

Breitbart News has become a popular outlet for alt-right views.[150][151][152]

On September 9, several figures of the alt-right community held a press conference, described by one reporter as the "coming-out party" of the little-known movement, to explain their goals.[153] They proclaimed racialist beliefs by stating: "Race is real, race matters, and race is the foundation of identity".[154] Speakers called for a "white homeland" and expounded on racial differences in intelligence. They also confirmed their support of Trump by saying: "This is what a leader looks like".[154][155][156]

Use of memes

The alt-right's use of Internet memes to express and advance its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan, and The Daily Stormer, has been widely reported.[12][157][158][159] Among the most widely used are the following terms: "Cuckservative", a portmanteau of "cuckold" and "conservative".[160][161] "", short for "special snowflake", a pejorative for entitled people.[162] or "echoes" to identify and target Jews online, which originated on the neo-Nazi podcastThe Daily Shoah.[8][12][163][164] Variations of the Pepe the Frog and "Emperor Trump" memes popular in alt-right circles,[165] leading to references of "Nazi Frogs" in the media.[166][167] These variants of the Pepe the Frog meme attracted significant media attention after the meme was criticized in an article published on Hillary Clinton's campaign website.[168][169] Satirical worship of the Ancient Egyptian frog-headed deityKek has become associated with alt-right politics, as well as satirical nationalism of the nonexistent nation of "Kekistan".[170][171][172] The use of alt-right music such as Trumpwave and Fashwave, which is a Neo-Nazi, Neo-fascist subgenre of electronic music microgenre .[173] The use of "!" and various other crusader iconography as a means of expressing Islamophobia.[164][174][175] Ironic support of the Black Egyptian hypothesis, often using stereotypicalAfrican-American vernacular such as "We wuz kangz n shieet."[176] The use of the phrase "dindu nuffin", a bastardization of "Didn't do nothing", in reference to claims of innocence for African-American victims of police violence, especially aboutEric Garner and Michael Brown.[177] Usage of "helicopter ride" memes, which endorse documented cases of leftists beingdropped from helicopters by Chilean and Argentine juntas.[178] The prevalence of memes in alt-right circles has led some commentators to question whether the alt-right is a serious movement rather than just an alternative way to express traditionally conservative beliefs,[12][23] with Chava Gourarie of the Columbia Journalism Review stating that provoking a media reaction to these memes is for some creators an end in itself.[63] Marc Hetherington, professor of Political Science atV anderbilt University, sees these memes as an effort to legitimize racist views.[179]

Links to violence and terrorism

Debate over classification The alt-right movement has been considered by some political researchers a terrorist movement and Alt-right groups live, the process of alt-right has been compared to by political scientists recruit and coordinate and leaders.[181][182][183][184][185] (and hence evolve) online. And from what A research study of 447 self-identified alt-right members found higher levels of psychopathy, we can already see, they narcissism, and Machiavellianism compared to the general population; members of the alt-right do so pretty much exactly like the [sic] were more likely to express prejudice against black people and admit to engaging in aggressive pro-ISIS groups evolve behavior. Alt-right members had significantly high levels of dehumanization, with the mean alt- and coordinate, but right scores comparable to how the general public views ISIS. Alt-right members viewed Hilary Facebook has so far Clinton, Muslims, feminists, Nigerians, and journalists as the least well rated groups on the been less quick to shut dehumanization scale, while white people, men, and Americans were rated the best.[186] them down. Neil Johnson, extremist A paper on the subject stated that it clearly fell under an extremist movement, saying that "alt-right researcher.[180] adherents also expressed hostility that could be considered extremist: they were quite willing to blatantly dehumanize both religious/national outgroups and political opposition groups."[187]

Violence In February 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center assembled a list of 13 violent incidents between 2014 and 2018 perpetrated by alt-right influenced people, in which 43 people died and 67 people were injured. The earliest perpetrator listed is Elliot Rodger. The list also includes Dylan Roof. The perpetrators of these events were all white men between the ages of 17 and 37, with an average age of just over 25 years old; only three of them were over 30. All but one was American, the other was Canadian.[188]

According to the SPLC: [T]he dark engine of the [alt-right] movement is white male resentment. Alt-right propaganda is designed to nourish the precise grievances recited by the disillusioned and indignant young men that dominate its ranks. It provides a coherent – but malicious – worldview. For a recruit, the alt-right helps explain why they don’t have the jobs or the sexual partners or the overall societal and cultural respect that they believe (and are told) to be rightfully theirs ... The alt-right worldview, this rebranding of old hatreds, will remain compelling to disaffected white males and those who claim to speak for them for the foreseeable future. Worse, as this study suggests, punctuated violence will continue. For the same vision of society that the alt-right promulgates—its externalization of blame that lands on a host of enemies seen to be in the ascendancy—also aligns with the indicators of mass violence.[188]

The SPLC's analysis of these violent alt-right incidents leads it to believe that the killings it studied are not isolated events, but that the alt-right is structurally responsible for them by alienating those it attracts from participation in their communities, and giving them reasons to continue to be disaffected, and, indeed, to increase their alienation to the point where they can perform acts of violence without concern about the consequences to themselves or others.

The sprawling networks the alt-right has built around its poisonous, racist ideology have violence at its core in its pursuit of a . The white, male grievance culture that the leaders of the alt-right are incubating has already inspired more than 40 deaths and left more than 60 people injured.

And unfortunately, the alt-right seems likely to inspire more, as it moves further into the real world. Its leaders continue to abdicate all responsibility for the violence their ideology inspires and are becoming increasingly recalcitrant in the face of widespread condemnation. ... After a year [2017] of escalating alt-right violence, we are probably in for more.[188]

Notable incidents

2017 Aztec school shooting On December 7, 2017, gunfire erupted at Aztec High School in Aztec, New Mexico, United States. The shooter, 21-year-old William Atchison, a former student at the school, killed two students in a classroom, and then committed suicide.

William Edward Atchison (born in 1996[189]) lived in Aztec with his parents, and was a former student at Aztec High School, but did not graduate. He worked at a local gas station. When Atchison entered Aztec High School on December 7, 2017 at approximately 8:04 a.m., he was "disguised as a student", and carrying a backpack with a Glock 9 mm semi-automatic pistol inside.[190] Atchison was investigated by the FBI in March 2016 due to posts he had made on an online forum indicating that he was planning a shooting, but was not charged because he had not committed a crime and did not own a gun at the time. He legally bought the pistol used in the attack in November 2017.[191][192]

Atchison's online activity included posting pro-Hitler and pro-Trump thoughts on alt-right websites like The Daily Stormer under such usernames as "Future Mass Shooter" and "Adam Lanza", and joking about school shootings, in particular the Columbine High School massacre. He also posted about his frustration with life in rural New Mexico and bleak career prospects.[193][194]

At the shooter's home a schedule for the killings was found, with the last entry being "8:00 a.m. die". He also had a thumb drive on his person with the same schedule. He had no criminal history; however, he was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 2016 when he had asked on an "where to find cheap assault rifles for a ". The shooter told the FBI that he was simply trolling, and thereafter the FBI dropped the matter.[195][196]

Antipodean Resistance Antipodean Resistance is aneo-Nazi , fascist, and alt-right group in Australia.[197] The group, which makes use of Nazi symbols such as the Swastika and the Nazi salute, has explicitly called for the legalisation of the murder ofJewish people.[198][199] Counter-terrorism experts have suggested that Australian authorities should focus more on alt-right extremists such as Antipodean Resistance. Anne Aly, the Labor MP has suggested that the group may turn to terrorism, stating "For a terrorist attack to succeed, it really only takes one person." Dr Aly called for the group to be banned stating "I would like to see some of these groups proscribed ... as terrorist and violent organisations."[200]

It has been reported that ASIO, the Australian national security organisation, is monitoring the group whom they suggest are "willing to use violence to further their own interests."[201]

Brandon Russell The leader of , Brandon Russell, is alleged to have described Omar Mateen, who pledged allegiance toISIS and perpetrated the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, as "a hero." A member of Atomwaffen Division, Stephen Billingsley, was photographed at a vigil in San Antonio, for the victims of the Orlando shooting, with a skull mask and a sign saying "God Hates Fags."[202][203][204][205]

One 18-year-old member, Devon Arthurs, converted to and described himself as a "Salafist National Socialist." In May 2017 Arthurs allegedly killed two of his roommates and fellow Atomwaffen Division members in retaliation for ridiculing his conversion. Arthurs was arrested following a hostage situation, during which he told police he shot 22-year-old Jeremy Himmelman and 18-year- old Andrew Oneschuk earlier that day.[206][207][205]

After Arthurs' arrest, his third roommate and fellow Atomwaffen Division member, a 21-year-old, Brandon Russell, was arrested by the FBI and Tampa Police Department, who found in Russell's garage an explosive compound known as hexamethylene triperoxide diamine which has been used by other groups inimprovised explosive devices such as the 2016 New York and New Jersey bombings. The police bomb experts were drawn to Russell's bedroom due to the presence of thorium and americium, radioactive substances. Russell, a former student University of South Florida and a Florida National Guardsman, had a framed photograph of Timothy McVeigh, the perpetrator of the Oklahoma City bombing, in his bedroom.[208][209]

Rise Above Movement (RAM) The group, based in Southern California, claims more than 50 members and a singular purpose: "physically attacking its ideological foes". The group, which portrays itself as a defense force for Western civilization, has been described as an alt-right street-fighting club, and many of its members have criminal records. There have been several documented episodes of violence by RAM, including beatings dispensed by member Ben Daley at the Unite the Right rally.[210]

Unite the Right rally After the aborted rally, at around 1:45 p.m.,[211] a man drove his car into a crowd of counter protesters, hitting several and slamming into a stopped sedan, which hit a stopped minivan that was in front of it. The impact of the crash pushed the sedan and the minivan further into the crowd. One person was killed and 19 others were injured in what police have called a deliberate attack. The man then reversed the car through the crowd and fled the scene.[212][213][214] Play media The ramming occurred at a pedestrian mall at Water and Fourth streets, about four Video of the vehicular ramming that [215] blocks away from Emancipation Park (38°01′46.17″N 78°28′46.29″W). Heather D. killed one person and injured 19 Heyer, a 32-year-old paralegal from Charlottesville, was fatally injured in the attack and pronounced dead at the University of Virginia's University Hospital.[216][217][218] Video footage recorded at the scene showed a gray 2010 Dodge Challenger accelerating towards crowds on a pedestrian mall, hitting people and sending them airborne, then reversing at high speed, hitting more people.[219] The moment when the car was driven into the crowd was captured on video by bystanders and in aerial video footage taken by a drone.[220] A photographer present at the scene said the car "plowed into a sedan and then into a minivan. Bodies flew. People were terrified and screaming." Bystanders said it was "definitely a violent attack", according to The Guardian.[221] Of the 19 injured survivors, the University of Virginia Medical Center reported that five were initially in critical condition.[219] By the afternoon of August 14, ten patients had been discharged from the hospital, and the nine remaining patients were in good condition.[222]

Shortly after the collision, James Alex Fields Jr., a 20-year-old from Ohio who reportedly had expressed sympathy for Nazi Germany during his time as a student at Cooper High School in Union, Kentucky,[223] was arrested.[212][224]

Fields had been photographed taking part in the rally, holding a shield emblazoned with the logo of Vanguard America, a Neo-Nazi, anti-Semitic, white supremacist organization. Vanguard America's leaders later stated he was not a member and that "The shields seen do not denote membership" as they were "freely handed out to anyone in attendance."[225] On August 14, Fields was again denied bail.[226] He is being held at the Albemarle-Charlottesville County Regional Jail.[224] Police block the site of the vehicular crash National Security Adviser H. R. McMaster and several U.S. senators described the alleged ramming attack as an act of , as did various commentators.[227][228] Late on the night of August 12, U.S. Attorney General said the U.S. Department of Justice would open a civil rights investigation into the incident; federal investigators are investigating whether the suspect "crossed state lines with the intent to commit violence".[229][230] Later, Sessions said the ramming meets the definition of 'domestic terrorism' and that it was "an unacceptable, evil attack."[231]

Heyer's mother said she wanted Heather's name to become "a rallying cry for justice and equality and fairness and compassion."[232] Heyer's memorial service was held at Charlottesville's Paramount Theatre on August 16; Heyer's mother spoke to hundreds of mourners, asking them to honor Heyer by acting against injustice and turning "anger into righteous action."[233]

Separate GoFundMe pages were set up for the Heyer family and for those injured in the crash; the latter was organized by the Anchorage co-chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America.[234] The UVA Health Foundation created a fund for medical expenses of "patients at UVA Medical Center and Sentara Martha Jefferson Hospital who were injured and impacted by this unwanted violence in our community."[235][236]

Two motorists injured in the vehicle incident have sued the organizers of the event and the driver.[237] Fields was charged with second-degree murder, three counts of malicious wounding and failure to stop following an accident resulting in death, and held without bail.[224][221] On August 18, Fields was charged with three additional counts of aggravated malicious wounding and two additional counts of malicious wounding.[238] The murder charge was changed to first-degree murder on December 14.[239]

Additionally, other acts of domestic violence committed at the Unite the Right rally were an African-American man named DeAndre Harris assaulted by white supremacist members and aKlansman shooting a gun towards counterprotestors.

In January 2018, a court hearing was held in which November 26, 2018 was set as the date for Fields' trial to begin. Trial is anticipated to take three weeks.[240]

Later, an alt-right male named Taylor Wilson who attended the rally reportedly attempted to execute a terror attack on an Amtrak train. He also reportedly held a business card from the American-based Neo-Nazi political partyNational Socialist Movement.[241]

"Alt-left" neologism

In an August 15, 2017 press conference at 's Trump Tower, President Donald Trump used the term "alt-left" while doubling-down on his initial statement in response to the vehicle-ramming attack against rally counter-protestors committed by a 20- year-old white nationalist during the August 12 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.[242] While stating that there was "blame on both sides" for the violence at the rally, Trump criticized what he called the "very, very violent ... alt-left."[243][244][245] Various experts have pointed out that "alt-left" is a made-up term, and no such label has been adopted by any members of the progressive left.[246][247]

The term "alt-left" has been criticized as a label that, unlike alt-right, was not coined by the group it purports to describe, but rather was created by political opponents as a smear implying a false equivalence.[248][249] According to Mark Pitcavage, an analyst at the Anti-Defamation League, the term was invented to suggest afalse equivalence between the alt-right and their opponents.[250]

In a Times article, historian Timothy D. Snyder stated that "'alt-right' is a term ... meant to provide a fresh label that would sound more attractive than 'Nazi,' 'neo-Nazi,' 'white supremacist,' or 'white nationalist.' ithW 'alt-left' it's a different story. There is no group that labels itself that way."[251] Professor Thomas J. Main commented on the alt-right by saying: "They don't think blacks and Jews should have equal rights. On the left, there is nothing analogous."[251]

See also

Alt-lite National Anarchism Neo-nationalism Right-wing White genocide conspiracy theory

References

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External links The dictionary definition ofalt-right at Wiktionary

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