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Acrocarpus, Afzelia, Copaifera, General Generic Dallwitz; They

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Acrocarpus, Afzelia, Copaifera, General Generic Dallwitz; They BLUMEA 38 (1994) 313-330 Studies in Malesian Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). I. The genera Acrocarpus, Afzelia, Copaifera, and Intsia Ding Hou Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden, The Netherlands Summary A partial, Malesian revision of the above listed four genera is given with special remarks on their An Identification List is taxonomy, nomenclature, typification, relationship, distribution,etc. given. Acrocarpus is so far known with only one species, A. fraxinifolius. Afzelia has two widely distributed, variable species both occurring in Malesia: A. javanica and A. rhomboidea. Pseudosindora has been reduced to Copaifera, which consists of20-30 species mostly occurring in tropical America and Africa. One interesting species, C. palustris, is found in Malesia. Intsia consists of two or more species. In Malesia there are two widely distributed, very variable, difficult species, I. bijuga and I. palembanica. Information on their regeneration and uses have been reviewed. Introduction The Caesalpinioideae have been chosen by L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (Australia) for an automated data bank. They have prepared a comprehensive list of 134 charac- ters (Numbers 1-80 for general morphology). Their book, entitled 'The Genera of Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, 1983', with descriptions and keys for 177 genera, has been produced by computer from that data bank. They have also noted under characters which have been coded for lack of each genus those not yet (or recorded) data. The descriptions are consistent and all characters are compared in parallel. For and the reader is referred detailsconcerning their computer system programs used, to the Introduction and References of above mentionedbook. of the Before the publication of that book, on my request, one authors, Dr Watson, sent me a detailed printout of the list of characters, keys, descriptions, etc. especially cultivated in Malesia. In the of work- for those genera (incl. ones) occurring course traditional this in Malesia, I have of those ing in a way on subfamily applied many general morphological characters for species to facilitate using the DELTA system and associated programs which are now also available for MS-DOS microcomputers. After having finished the descriptions I have mademodifications in order to con- form to a conventional format. The descriptions as presented here are as such in ac- cordance with the general generic treatment ofWatson and Dallwitz; they are far too in detailed for a Flora Malesiana treatment and seem superfluous especially case of small genera. 314 BLUMEA VOL. 38, No. 2, 1994 consist of tall Four small genera, viz. Acrocarpus, Afzelia, Copaifera, and Intsia, (timber) tree species in Malesia. These trees resemble one another and are seldom fruit. be without much in the field. in flower or They may recognized difficulty Vegetative characters of the Malesian species of these genera have been described in with for field rather more detail, together a separate paragraph compiled notes or recorded vernacular names, which may be helpful for identificationof sterile mate- rial. Afzelia J.E. Sm. (Africa), Pahudia Miq. (Malesia), and Intsia Thouars (Madagas- India car) are three closely alliedgenera. Prain (Sci. Mem.Med. Off. Army 12,1901, of and Pa- 33-49, f. A-D) made a comprehensive study Afzelia its related genera and hudia and Intsia on the generic delimitation, relationship, distribution, nomen- Pahudia and Intsia is distinct clature. He concludedthatAfzelia and are congeneric, a he the namePahudia. genus. Because Afzelia is a later homonym, adopted generic This treatment has been either followed or ignored for a long time. In the botanical has been treated under these three literature there are samples that one species generic names. Fortunately, in 1935 the generic name Afzelia J.E. Sm. has been adopted and added to the Nomina Conservanda by the Botanic Congress, Amsterdam (see Sprague, Kew Bull. 1940, 81 & 104). Hutchinson's treatment of Afzelia and Intsia (Gen. Fl. PI. 1, 1964, 243 & 246) has been generally accepted now. ACROCARPUS 2 547; Koord. & Val., Boomsoort. Java AcrocarpusWight ex Arnott, Mag. Zool. Bot. (1838) Bijdr. 1 (1894) 320; Polhill & Vidal in Polhill & Raven (eds.), Adv. Legume Syst. 1 (1981) 88; Watson & Dallwitz, Gen. Leg.-Caesalp. (1983) 7. — Type species: Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arnott. Trees. Stipules small, caducous. Leaves spiral, impari- or paribipinnate, pinnae and pinnules mostly oppostite; leaflets petiolulate. Inflorescence axillary, in defoliated leaf-axils, solitary, sometimes few-branched near the base and appearing fasciculate or paniculate, branches with spike-like racemes, erect, bottle-brush-like; bracts and bracteoles small, caducous. Flowers bisexual, pedicelled. Hypanthium cupular. Calyx lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk cupular, completely united with the hypanthium. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, exserted; anthers versatile, and introrse. Ovary with a free stipe, oblong or linear, 10-20-ovuled; style stigma the Pods elon- not sharply distinctfrom the ovary, incurved, pointed at apex. erect, the adaxial gate, flattened, long-stipitate, narrowly winged along suture, 2-valved; valves straight, thin-coriaceous, (3-)10-18-seeded. Seeds slightly lens-shaped, smooth, not arillate, albuminous. Distribution - So far known with one species in eastern India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, China, and Malesia. Note- In the original publication of the genus, Arnott (1838) distinctly cited it as ‘Acrocarpus, Wight MSS', and therefore the authorship of the genus Acrocarpus should be cited as 'Wight ex Arnott' (International Code Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 46.3, 1988). 315 Ding Hou: Malesian Caesalpinioideae: Acrocarpus, Afzelia, Copaifera, Intsia Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arnott Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arnott, Mag. Zool. Bot. 2 (1838) 547; Wight, Icon. PL Ind. Orient. 1 (1840) t. 254; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 87; Bedd., R. Sylv. (1869) 44, t. 44; India 2 Koord. & Kurz, For. R. Burma 1 (1877) 410; Baker in Hook. f„ R. Brit. (1878) 292; (1897) 506; Val., Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 1 (1894) 321; Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66, 2 Koord., Exk. R. Java 2 (1912) 369; Koord.-Schum., Syst. Verz. 1, 1, Fam. 128 (1912) 33; Koord., Adas Baumart. Java 1 (1913) f. 12; Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned.-Ind. 2 (1916) 251; Craib, R. Siam. En. 1 (1928) 507; Burkill, Diet. 1 (1935) 38; Backer & Bakh. f„ Fl. Java 1 (1964) 542; & S.S. Larsen, Fl. Camb. Laos Vietn. 18 Brenan, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Caesalp. (1967) 17; K. 6-9, & t. 3; 1; C.C. Hu, Fl. (1980) 76, t. 13: 7-10; Fl. Thailand 4 (1984) 50, f. 10: Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 39 (1988) 90, t. 30; Gunn, Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1755 (1991) 42, f. A-H. — n. 845 Type: Wight 2466 (n.v.); isotype?: distributed by K under Herb. Wight (K, L), India. 291. — Mezoneurum grande Miq., R. Ned. Ind., Suppl. (1860) 108, nom. nud.; (1861) Acrocarpus grandis (Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 87. —Lectotype (here chosen): Teijs- Sumatra. mann HB 887 (U); syntype: Teijsmann HB 862 (U), W 29 (1866) 258, nom. Cat. Acrocarpus combretiflorus Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijd. Ned. Indie illeg.; no. 908.3-1008 & Hort. Bot. (1866) 269. — Syntypes: Teijsmann s.n. (iso L, under HLB 1079), W Sumatra. Leaves rather large, in the herbariumoften represented by young ones or part(s) of a and mature one; petiole and main rachis up to 80 cm long, pubescent glabrescent; basal pinnae (2 or) 3-5 pairs, secondary petiole and rachis up to c. 45 cm long, pair(s) usually shorter. Leaflets 4-7(-9) pairs per pinnule, chartaceous, ovate or acuminate base ovate-oblong, 3.5—11(—18) by 1.5—5(—8.5) cm; shortly or acute; sometimes cuneatc, obtuse, or rotund, rarely obscurely cordate, slightly asymmetric; the midrib pubescent beneath when young, glabrescent, often slightly hairy along when old; lateral nerves and on the petiolules, sometimesalmost glabrous 5-9(-12) Inflorescences 32 axis per side; petiolules 2-4 mm. up to cm long, flowering pubes- cent especially towards the apical part, glabrescent; pedicels 4-10 mm, puberulous. deflexed anthesis. 2.5-8 Flowers patent or at Hypanthium mm long. Calyx puberu- lous outside; lobes ovate or triangular, 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous inside. Petals ob- 1-2.5 both surfaces. Disk long or slightly oblanceolate, 5-9 by mm, puberulous on 15-18 anthers 2-3 hairy on the lower half inside. Stamens; filaments mm; mm long. Pods Ovary 12-15 mm long, loosely hairy except the apical part. (8—)10—12(—17) 3-5 rather valves by (1—)1.5—2 cm (inch stipe); wing mm wide, smooth; glabrous of outside, inner surface glabrous except white hairy on and around the depressions the seeds. Seeds c. 6.5 by 5 mm. Bole Field notes - Rare, fast growing, lofty tree, 20-30(-50) by 0.6—1(—4) m. first massive branches 10 above the columnar, often with small buttresses; (3.5-) m lenticels. Bark whitish- ground, ultimate or young branches often with prominent Petals dark red. Stamens with filaments grey or brown, smooth or somewhatrough. half, the base. Seeds brown. red on the upper green at So- Distribution - See under the genus. In Malesia: Sumatra (Mt Sago, Padang, and lok and near Batu Sangka) and Central Java (Semarang, Banjoemas Tegal). I-L-30 & 31 and native of Cultivated in Hortus Bogoriensis sub no. XI-B-XV-11, India. found in Habitat - In constantly wet and fertile ground in the forest, sometimes abandoned fields, alt. 600-1200 m. 316 BLUMEA VOL. 38, No. 2, 1994 Ecology - Flowering in Feb., March, May and Dec. Fruiting in March, April, Sept., Oct. and Nov. Vernacular names - Sumatra: medang parrie or medang parit (Mt Sago region), kalamparik (Padang). Java: delimas or dlimas (J). of Notes - The authorship Acrocarpus fraxinifolius has been ascribed to Wight (e.g. Baker, 1878), Wight & Arnott (e.g. Hutchinson, 1964) or Wight ex Arnott (e.g. C.C. Hu, 1988). However, in 1838, when this species was published in a Am.
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