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Socialist Standard October 2017 1 socialist standard Contents October 2017 Features Regulars 10 Was Russia ever socialist? 10 4 Pathfi nders What others later wrote with hindsight, we 5 Le" ers wrote at the me with foresight 6 Russia 1917 14 What would a real socialist 9 Material World revolu on look like? 18 Cooking the Books People are some# mes put off by the word 19 Proper Gander ‘revolu on’, but there’s no need to be 20 Reviews 16 Ideology & Revolu on 22 50 Years Ago Start of a 3-parter on historical changes, who carried them out and why 22 Ac on Replay 23 Mee# ngs 24 Rear View 16 24 Free Lunch 9 19 Introducing the Socialist Party The Socialist Party is like no other poli cal capitalism. The more of you who join the Socialist party in Britain. It is made up of people We use every possible opportunity Party the more we will be able to get our who have joined together because we to make new socialists. We publish ideas across, the more experiences we want to get rid of the profi t pamphlets and books, as well as will be able to draw on and greater will be system and establish real CDs, DVDs and various other the new ideas for building the movement socialism. Our aim is to informa# ve material. We which you will be able to bring us. persuade others to also give talks and take The Socialist Party is an organisa# on of become socialist and part in debates; a" end equals. There is no leader and there are act for themselves, rallies, mee# ngs and no followers. So, if you are going to join organising demos; run educa# onal we want you to be sure that you agree democra# cally and conferences; host fully with what we stand for and that we without leaders, to internet discussion are sa# sfi ed that you understand the case bring about the kind forums, make fi lms for socialism. of society that we presen# ng our ideas, and are advoca# ng in this contest elec ons when journal. We are solely prac cal. Socialist literature concerned with building is available in Arabic, Bengali, a movement of socialists for Dutch, Esperanto, French, German, socialism. We are not a reformist party Italian, Polish, Spanish, Swedish and All original material is available under the Crea# ve Commons A" ribu on-NoDerivs 2.0 UK: England & Wales with a programme of policies to patch up Turkish as well as English. (CC BY-ND 2.0 UK) licence. 2 Socialist Standard October 2017 Editorial What socialism is really about PRIOR TO the Bolshevik Revolu on ‘Communist’ par es were formed dictatorship, its economy was falling in Russia, there was an understanding worldwide and had become mouthpieces behind those of the Western countries among many workers, that socialism was of the new regime and were infl uen! al in too, and the living standards of its a society of common ownership of the the trade unions and had some electoral workers were low in comparison to means of living where the state, money success in countries such as France Western workers. When the USSR and na! onal fron! ers would be rendered and Italy. This allowed governments fi nally collapsed, supporters of private- obsolete, and that it could be established and employers to claim that the enterprise capitalism were not slow in peacefully and democra! cally. ‘Communists’ were behind many strikes proclaiming that not only had socialism That all changed a" er the Bolsheviks and other manifesta! ons of working class been oppressive and economically seized power. The Bolshevik leaders discontent. One example was that during ineffi cient, but that it no longer worked understood that socialism could only the 1966 seamen’s strike, Harold Wilson, and that there was no alterna! ve to the be achieved worldwide and hoped that the Labour Prime Minister, alleged that free market. Unfortunately, this tenet the revolu on would spread to the the la# er had been taken over by the has defi ned global poli cs for at least the West. Lenin admi ed that what existed ‘Communists’. Trotskyist and Maoist last quarter of a century. Many workers in the new Soviet state was really state groups, although cri cal of the Soviet who looked for radical change became capitalism. A er the failure of similar regime, s! ll defended state capitalism in disillusioned and either dropped out of uprisings in Europe, their hopes were the guise of ‘socialism’ and the tac c of a poli cs altogether or se# led for more dashed. Stalin, as the new Soviet leader, vanguard party leading the working class mainstream reformist par es. came to terms with this reality by to revolu on. Needless to say, this has all made it promulga! ng the theory of ‘Socialism in However, events like the violent rather more diffi cult for the Socialist Party One Country’ to describe the regime. suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in to get our message across. However, Therefore, the prevailing view of 1921, the Stalinist purges in the 1930s, capitalism always throws up social socialism was no longer a world society the crushing of the Hungarian uprising in problems for the working class, and of human coopera! on and freedom, but 1956, the invasion of Czechoslovakia in therefore it draws workers into poli cal a state capitalist dictatorship imposed on 1968 and the existence of prison camps in ac on. We are confi dent that more its popula! on. It would not be brought Siberia exposed the oppressive nature of workers will come to see through the about by a socialist, conscious working the Soviet regime, where workers lacked fi c on that the USSR was ever a ‘socialist class but by a vanguard party leading the trade union and other rights. state’ and come to understand what working class through a violent uprising. Not only was the USSR a poli cal socialism is really about. Socialist Standard October 2017 3 pot. This makes it simpler for them, and Paying real cash would come to be seen Subscrip• on-based works for the debtors too. as weird and unnatural. And perhaps in capitalism Suppose, on the same principle, a new order to cut admin costs ever further, cloud-based super-Pla$ orm service arises the Hub would start to make some cheap EVERYONE KNOWS that cu ng costs which off ers to consolidate ALL your living things actually free, the way supermarkets means boos" ng or at least safeguarding expenses including rent, food budget, off er free taxi phones and trains off er free profi ts, and some elements in the fuel, educa" on, entertainment, holidays, newspapers. Over me, the expecta" on capitalist class are now fi guring out that even savings, into one monthly sub, may be one of increasing levels of service they can cut their administra" on costs which amounts to most or perhaps even and free elements, versus stable or by doing away with individual purchase the whole of your wage. So your wage lowering subscrip" on rates. transac ons and moving towards a doesn’t go to you, it goes to the Hub, and The subjec ve experience of such a subscrip" on-based business model. you don’t need to think about money subscrip" on-based world would be a life We’re familiar with subscrip" ons with at all unless you want to buy something without paying for things, without cash or things like unions, clubs, poli cal par es, that’s not in the budget. This might then card transac ons, where money becomes rail travel, telephone lines and mobiles be automa" cally nego ated as an overall invisible and, in prac ce, non-existent. and newspapers. You could add the BBC rearrangement in your Hub payment, with All that would remain is the single TV licence fee, the NHS and any kind of less going to savings, holidays etc. You subscrip" on, the Life Bond. insurance policy too. One can think of wouldn’t have to worry about whether Could all this help socialist ideas to a subscrip" on as another form of rent you could pay back a debt because you prosper, if we don’t get a revolu on in the for something you use but don’t own. wouldn’t be allowed to accrue any debts. mean" me through other means? What it The advantage to you is simplicity. The The only thing you’d need to worry about could do is reduce the conceptual gap. Life advantage to the provider is low admin is not losing your job and being unable as it is presently experienced in capitalism costs, locked-in customers or ‘members’, to pay your monthly life subscrip" on. If is a ma& er of being caught fast in a giant and reliable, predictable income, an you underspend carefully, you’ll be in web of debts and fi nancial obliga" ons. especially bankable asset for any business. credit and more goes into your savings. It’s hard to see how you can sever all So now we have Ne$ lix subscrip" ons, If you overspend, then once your savings the bonds that hold you to capitalism, in and Spo fy and iTunes. So ware houses and holiday funds are gone you will not fact it seems impossible. But one single like Microso and Adobe, red of having be able to buy anything as the Hub will connec on is a diff erent ma& er.