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Marxism in a Lost Century: a Biography of Paul Mattick

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Marxism in a Lost Century Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Sébastien Budgen (Paris) Steve Edwards (London) Marcel van der Linden (Amsterdam) Peter Thomas (London) VOLUME 80 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hm Marxism in a Lost Century A Biography of Paul Mattick By Gary Roth LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roth, Gary. Marxism in a lost century : a biography of Paul Mattick / by Gary Roth. pages cm. — (Historical materialism book series, ISSN 1570-1522 ; volume 80) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-22779-8 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-28226-1 (e-book) 1. Mattick, Paul, 1904–1981. 2. Communists—United States—Biography. 3. Communists— Germany—Biography. 4. Communism—United State—History—20th century. 5. Communism—Germany—History—20th century. I. Title. HX84.M295R67 2015 335.4092—dc23 [B] 2014037420 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1570-1522 isbn 978-90-04-22779-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28226-1 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Photos xi List of Abbreviations xiii About the Notes xiv 1 Introduction 1 2 Children at Work and War 6 At Home 6 Protest and Revolution 13 Revolution in Retreat 21 3 Young Radicals 25 March 1920 25 KAPD 29 4 Between Berlin and Cologne 36 Bouts of Unemployment 36 Movement in Decline 41 Older Friends 47 5 New Worlds 55 Voyages 55 Work and Writing 60 Amalgamation 65 6 Chicago in the Depression 70 Opening Years 70 Opposition and Accusations 77 Across the Country 85 Crisis Theory 90 7 The Unemployed Movement 96 The Workers League 96 Federation and Party 102 Fascism’s Initial Impact 109 The German Émigré Community 114 vi contents 8 The Independent Left 121 German to English 121 Editors’ Reluctance 129 9 International Council Correspondence 136 Pamphlets and Authors 136 The Inevitability of Communism 145 Mid-Decade 151 10 Towards War 159 International Developments 159 Opportunities 163 Living Marxism 172 11 End of an Era 180 Self-Reflections 180 Anti-Fascism 190 12 The War Years 202 Relationships 202 New Essays 207 Leaving Chicago 214 13 New York City 219 Isolation 219 Travelling to Berlin 228 14 Quiet Times 236 Writers’ Bloc 236 Back to Nature 247 Boston 256 15 Rekindling 266 Recent Admirers 266 A New Left 271 16 Reception 281 Discovery in Germany 281 From Marx and Keynes to Roskilde 289 contents vii 17 Winding Down 298 Last Years 298 Illness 302 Archives 311 Works Cited 313 Index 328 Acknowledgements I am indebted to the many people who contributed to this book in important ways with letters (deposited at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam) and memories, suggestions, and encouragement shared during interviews, conversations, and emails: Sam Abramovitch, Claudio Albertani, Dan Antenen, Signe Arnfred and Jan Birket-Smith, Jörg Asseyer, Robert Barsky, Walter Boelke, Jr., Uli Bohnen, Gabriella Bonacchi, Volkhard Brandes, Jeremy Brecher, David Broder, Michael Buckmiller, Paul Buhle, Yvonne Jacquette Burckhardt, Connie and Uwe Conradt, Ada Cavazzani, Noam Chomsky, John Clegg, Mario Cogoy, Adam Cornford, Mary Lynn Cramer, Belinda Davis, Christoph Deutschmann, Norman Epstein, William Evan, the late Jake Faber, Walter Fähnders, Bjarne Avlund Frandsen, Wesley Frost, Geoffrey Gardner, Marc Geoffrey and Gisela Richter, Marvin Gettleman, Loren Goldner, Hellmut Haasis, Linda Hamalian, Finn Hansson, James Herod, David Jacobs, Preben Kaarsholm, Gabriel and Joyce Kolko (both deceased), Michael Kubina, Rick Kuhn, David Laibman, Götz Langkau, Ted Leigh, Pricilla Long, Peter Lösche, Frank Mecklenburg, Seymour Melman, Fred Moseley, Hans-Harald Müller, Claude Orsoni and Yolande Benarrosh, Antonio Pagliarone, Raúl Páramo- Ortega, the late Nunzio Pernicone, Christopher Phelps, Anne Porter, Claudio Pozzoli, Karla Doris Rab, Finn Dam Rasmussen and Line Vestergård, Rudi Rizman, Kevin Rowley, Edith Schloss, Rudi Schmiede, Eberhard Seifert, Larry Shute, Justin Spring, Daniel and Rina Saint James, Evan Stark, Hansjoerg Viesel, Richard Weisskoff, Ursula Welsch, Uwe Wesel, Mary Wheeler, Robert Wheeler, Jeff Wilson and Floriane Gremion, Michael Wreszin, Steve Wright, David Yaffe, and Andrew Yarrow. Florence Barrau-Adams, Nicole Bryan, Angela Rooke, Hélène Sampson, Anita Sower, and Franck Veyron helped at various stages with research. Almut Fitzgerald transcribed handwritten letters, some dating to the 1920s and writ- ten in a script no longer used. At the iish, my thanks to Ella Molenaar and especially Mieke Ijzermans for her hospitality and special assistance. From Dana Library at Rutgers University in Newark, many obscure requests were handled by Natalie Borisovets, Dorothy Grauer, Marlene Riley, Carolyn Foote, and Glenn Sandberg. Susan Carruthers, Grace Roosevelt, and Danny Hayward read the manuscript with great care, and I am deeply beholden to each of them for the time they devoted to this task. One huge benefit of this project has been the new friends who offered much support and assistance, among them Naomi Sager, Jorge Valadas and Laure Batier, the late Leif Hansen and Merete Thorøe. x acknowledgements To Paul Mattick, Jr., I owe a very special thanks, for the friendship, the many good meals, comments and suggestions, and the carte blanch access to his parents’ papers, including the key to their Vermont home, and to Katy Siegel for her warmth and engagement. This book is dedicated to Ilse Mattick (1919– 2009) and to Anne Lopes, who has accompanied me on this and other journeys through life, as I have accompanied her. List of Photos All photos and collages are from Paul Mattick’s photo albums, courtesy of Paul Mattick, Jr., unless otherwise noted. 1 Paul Mattick in 1973. Courtesy of Karla Doris Rab. xvi 2 Paul Mattick’s Apprenticeship at Siemens (possibly: 1st standing row, 3rd to right of moustached man at centre). 16 3 Paul Mattick is bottom centre; his mother to the right, top 2nd from left with baby, top middle with woman on bench, possibly she is also the subject of the two photos bottom left corner and right corner. Other pictures may be his sisters and possibly his mother from earlier years. 37 4 Paul Mattick is centre, left above centre with Frieda, right above centre with unidentified man, bottom left with Frieda, bottom right with Frieda; bottom middle Frieda alone. 58 5 Paul Mattick, perhaps on his 1932 tramping tour of southern United States. 87 6 Family Photo—Paul Mattick is seated on table with pipe, to the left is his step-son Hans, seated at left is Frieda, seated at right is step-daughter Renee. Two paintings from the Cologne Progressive Otto Freundlich hang on the back wall. Note the rifle and auto- matic weapons leaning on table and held by colleague on left. Books on table presumably include Marx’s Capital. This photo was most likely taken in one of the Mattick apartments in Chicago. 98 7 Paul Mattick is bottom left with Frieda, bottom centre napping; Frieda standing in bottom photo, Frieda in three pictures across the centre, Frieda standing in top row. 133 8 Paul Mattick in centre photo and each photo on right (with Walter Auerbach); Frieda appears at bottom left (possibly at centre with veil and top right); possibly step-daughter Renee top centre and bottom centre. 177 9 Paul and Ilse Mattick. 205 10 The Vermont home. 249 11 Paul in Vermont. 249 12 Paul and Ilse in Vermont. An old car seat serves as an outdoor bench. 250 xii list of photos 13 Two families, sons and wives. Step-son Hans with wife, June, on top left; Paul Jr. top middle and bottom right; Frieda top right; Ilse on bottom row; painting possibly by Jackie Saltin—Paul and Ilse’s merchant marine friend from Chicago. 254 14 Frieda on left bottom; Ilse on top left, top centre, middle, right centre with Paul and Paul Jr., bottom right with unidentified woman, bottom centre with Paul’s mother; step-daughter Renee with unidentified woman on bottom left of centre. 254 15 Paul, his sister, Lisbeth, during her visit to the United States, and Zellig Harris. 258 16 Paul on top right; Karl Korsch on bottom right. 258 17 Dinsmore Wheeler on top right; Mattick’s step-daughter Renee in centre; all the rest are magazine cut-outs, including Picasso’s Guernica about the Spanish Civil War on bottom right and the entertainer, Groucho Marx, on bottom left. 286 18 Step-son Hans and Frieda, October 1968. Courtesy of Jake Faber. 308 List of Abbreviations aaud Allgemeine Arbeiter Union Deutschlands (General Workers Union of Germany) aaue Allgemeine Arbeiter Union-Einheitsorganization (General Workers Union-Unity Organisation) afl American Federation of Labor apcf
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