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Research Article Effects of High-Pretension Support System on Soft Rock Large Deformation of Perpendicularly Crossing Tunnels

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Research Article Effects of High-Pretension Support System on Soft Rock Large Deformation of Perpendicularly Crossing Tunnels Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering Volume 2020, Article ID 6669120, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6669120 Research Article Effects of High-Pretension Support System on Soft Rock Large Deformation of Perpendicularly Crossing Tunnels Li Gan ,1 Ma Weibin ,2 Tian Siming ,3 and Zhou Wenhao 2 1State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2China Academy of Railway Sciences, Railway Construction Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China 3China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute, Beijing 100084, China Correspondence should be addressed to Ma Weibin; [email protected] Received 22 November 2020; Revised 29 November 2020; Accepted 9 December 2020; Published 21 December 2020 Academic Editor: Hualei Zhang Copyright © 2020 Li Gan et al. .is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. .e control mechanism of prestressed support system is studied by means of three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field measurement. .e actual project is selected to analyze, and the control effect is demonstrated. .e theoretical analysis results show that the prestressed support can improve the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock, which is conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock. .e numerical calculation shows that, under the control of the long and short cables, the prestress can spread effectively and form two bearing arches. .e deformation is difficult to control, which is in the arch crown and the arch shoulder of the tunnel intersection. However, the deformation of the surrounding rock decreases with the increase of prestress. .rough the analysis of the measured results, it shows that the pretension support design scheme can effectively control the large deformation of the surrounding rock. 1. Introduction strategies of high-strength initial support system, multilevel layered support, yieldable support technology, and active With the implementation of the western development support system. At present, the main methods to increase strategy in China and the rapid development of tunnel initial support system are as follows: improved concrete engineering, the proportion of long and deep tunnels is strength [3–6]; encrypted steel arch [7, 8]; and new arch increasing. .e increase of tunnel construction depth and structures [9, 10]. Multistage layered support mainly in- length will inevitably face more complex geological envi- cludes advance pipe shed support [11, 12] and double-layer ronment. Especially, under the action of high ground stress, initial support [13]. .e above method improves the bearing high seepage pressure, and excavation disturbance, the capacity of the supporting structure, effectively controls the plastic deformation characteristics of soft rock are obvious. development of the plastic area, and alleviates the large It will lead to a series of problems, such as sudden and deformation of the soft rock tunnel. .e above strategy does serious malignant accidents and increased construction cost. not enhance the strength of the surrounding rock. Under the In the 1950s, Austrian scholars proposed a new Austrian action of high ground stress, the surrounding rock is prone method for underground engineering support, whose core is to continuous and slow deformation, which eventually leads to maintain and utilize the self-bearing capacity of the to the failure of support. surrounding rock [1, 2]. Considering the complex geological .e methods of yieldable support technology mainly conditions and construction environment of the soft rock include Grille support [14, 15], Foam concrete [16–18], Bolt tunnel, scholars have carried out much work on the stability and anchorage cable’s coupling yieldable support technology of bearing body under the joint action of support and [19,20], and Yielding arch [21, 22]. .e support strategy surrounding rocks. .e research focuses on the support allows a certain deformation of the surrounding rock to 2 Advances in Civil Engineering release the accumulated energy of the surrounding rock, occurred and the arch change rate reached 25%, as shown in while the support structure is always stable. According to the Figure 1. .erefore, it is necessary to explore a new support support method with rockbolt net spray, u-shaped shelf, and strategy to deal with the large cross-section area of inclined grouting, the surrounding rock of the tunnel is the main shaft and main tunnel. bearing structure, and the support body and surrounding rock are considered as the composites. .e final intention is that the surrounding rock can show maximum self-bearing 2. Engineering Geology capacity [23]. .e main method includes increasing the support density, grouting in the surrounding rock, in- .e Mu Zhai-ling tunnel on Lanzhou-Hainan motorway is creasing the length of anchor (cable), and increasing bolt located in Dingxi city in China’s Gansu province (cable) pretightening force. (Figure 2(a)). .e project mainly includes two main tunnels In the 1970s, the United States combined the expanding and three inclined shafts (Figure 2(b)). .e length of the Mu shell anchor with resin anchor and increased the diameter Zhai-ling left lane tunnel is 15,200 m. .e right of the Mu and strength of the anchor. At present, the prestress of bolt Zhai-ling left lane tunnel is 15,150 m. .e starting and support in American coal mine roadway is generally about ending points of the tunnel are located at AZK210 + 625 and 100 kN, which has achieved good support effect. In En- AZK225 + 825, respectively. gland, the anchoring capacity of anchor bolt used in coal .e tunnel is located in the boundary zone of multiple mine roadway support is about 500 kN. .e roadway of plates, and the maximum buried depth of the tunnel is about Australian coal mine is supported by 60 ∼ 70 kN prestressed 629.1 m. .e tunnel passes through three synclines and three anchor bolt, and the support control is effectiveness. In anticlines. .e crossing fault is mainly Meiwu–Xinsi fault. .e 2005, China puts forward high-prestressed bolt and anchor strike of the fault is 100–115° and north dipping and inclination cable support technology for deep coal mine roadway is 30°–70°, with the characteristics of compression and torsion. support, which greatly improved the support safety of coal .ere are 12 secondary faults caused by the Meiwu–Xinsi fault, mine roadway. However, in the field of deep tunnel sup- which are, respectively, f1 ∼ f12 (Figure 3). .e fault is mainly port, there are few research studies in this field. Kang and distributed in northwest direction. Both inclined shaft and Hongpu [24–26] studied the mechanical properties of high- main tunnel used the drilling-and-blasting method and three- prestressed anchor rod and cable under the action of resin step construction technique for tunneling. .e cross-section anchorage agent. .e theory of high prestress and strong shape of the inclined shaft and main tunnel is the same, the support is put forward for the deep difficult roadway of coal design height of cross-section is 11.127 m, and the width is mine. .ey further developed a series of products, such as 12.82 m. .e plane intersection angle between the inclined strong anchor (cable) and strong steel strip. .e field ap- shaft and main tunnel is 90° (Figure 4). plication shows that the strategy can effectively control the .e method of hydraulic fracturing is used to measure deformation of the surrounding rock. Zhang et al. [27] put the in situ stress. According to the relevant test data, three forward prestressed control methods such as high-per- main stress interaction relations are obtained. .e in situ formance pretension bolt, steel strand pretension truss, and stress is mainly tectonic stress, and the relationship between M-type steel strip, aiming at the high-prestressed bolt in situ stress and burial depth is fitted, as shown in Figure 5. support technology of coal mine roadway. Lin et al. [28] .e maximum horizontal principal stress directions mea- developed a large-scale test device for stress field of the sured by hydraulic fracturing method are near NE39.6° and anchor cable support and analyzed the distribution char- NE34.1°. .e direction of the maximum horizontal principal acteristics of the prestress with a single prestressed anchor stress is nearly parallel to the direction of the main tunnel cable. .e experimental results show that the distribution excavation. of prestress field in space is similar to “pomegranate.” Two .e entrance and exit sections of the tunnel are shallow compressive stress concentration zones are formed at both buried sections. It is mainly composed of slope loess soil, gravel ends of the free section, and one tensile stress concen- soil, paleogene conglomerate, and permian strongly weathered tration zone is formed near the anchorage section. .e carbonaceous slate and sandstone. .e stratum of this section is distribution rule of the stress along the axis of bolt is related complex. .e joints and fissures are developed, and the in- to the distance between the cable and the monitoring tegrity of the surrounding rock is poor, and it is easy to be position. .e macrodistribution characteristics of the stress weathered and destroyed when encountering air or water after field are basically the same with different pretensions, but excavation. .e tunnel intersection of the research object is the magnitude of the prestressing force at the same location located in the middle of the line with a buried depth of 510 m. will change. .e main lithology is thin-layer carbonaceous slate. According .is paper relies on the Mu Zhai-ling tunnel as the to the relevant GSI value standard, combined with the actual research object of the engineering experiment. .e original engineering geological conditions, the approximate value of support methods of the Mu Zhai-ling tunnel are as follows: GSI is 35.
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