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Ecologie Chimique Du Dinoflagellé Toxique Ostreopsis Cf. Ovata En Méditerranée Nord Occidentale

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Ecologie Chimique Du Dinoflagellé Toxique Ostreopsis Cf. Ovata En Méditerranée Nord Occidentale Sorbonne Université Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de l’Environnement d’Ile de France (ED 129) Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche UMR 7093 – SU – CNRS Ecologie chimique du dinoflagellé toxique Ostreopsis cf. ovata en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale Thèse présentée par Anne-Sophie PAVAUX En vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de Sorbonne Université Spécialité : Ecologie Marine Soutenue publiquement le 18 novembre 2019 au Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Elisa BERDALET (CSIC, Espagne) Examinatrice Pr. Cécile BERNARD (MNHN, France) Examinatrice Pr. Gilles BOEUF (Sorbonne Université, France) Examinateur Dr. Gérald CULIOLI (Université de Toulon, France) Rapporteur Pr. Olivier THOMAS (National University of Galway, Irlande) Examinateur Dr. Dorothée VINCENT (LOG - en détachement à l’Agence Rapportrice Française pour la Biodiversité, France) Pr Rodolphe LEMEE (Sorbonne Université, France) Directeur de thèse Dr Stéphane GASPARINI (Sorbonne Université, France) Co-encadrant REMERCIEMENTS Je souhaite remercier ici tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à cette thèse. J’aimerai dans un premier temps remercier Anne Corval et Elisabeth Christians qui se sont succédées au poste de Directrice de l’observatoire de Villefranche ainsi que le directoire du Laboratoire d’Océanographie, Antoine Sciandra et son tout jeune successeur, Rodolphe Lemée. J’ai passé trois années fantastiques à vos côtés. J’aimerai également remercier les membres de mon jury : Cécile Bernard et Gérald Culioli d’avoir acceptés d’être les rapporteurs de ce manuscrit ainsi que Gilles Boeuf, Dorothée Vincent, Elisa Berdalet et Olivier Thomas d’avoir acceptés d’examiner mon travail. Je souhaite également remercier Cécile Jauzein et Michèle Tackx qui, en tant que membres de mon comité de thèse, ont suivi de très près mon travail pendant ces trois années de thèse. Mes premiers remerciements vont à mon directeur de thèse, le Pr. Rodolphe Lemée. Un grand merci pour tout ce que tu m’as apporté durant ces quatre dernières années. Merci également pour tous les moments que l’on a partagés, aussi bien en conférences (avec ou sans perruques !) qu’au labo, et (ancestralement) sur le terrain. Ce fut un véritable plaisir de travailler avec toi et j’espère avoir la chance de collaborer à nouveau avec toi dans le futur. Un immense merci à toi Eva, l’aboutissement de cette thèse te revient en grande partie. Merci pour m’avoir fait confiance dès notre premier skype en Master et pour m’avoir soutenue tout le long depuis. J’ai énormément appris à tes côtés, aussi bien professionnellement que personnellement, et j’espère que l’on se recroisera très vite. Un merci particulier à toi Sophie d’avoir été un soutien sans faille, je suis très heureuse d’avoir pu partager ces années avec toi et j’ai hâte d’enfin trouver le temps pour rencontrer Anatole. Merci aussi pour tous les moments hors du labo, notamment en randonnées où on finissait toujours perdus ou ensevelis sous la neige (Merci Hubert pour tes merveilleuses idées !) Je souhaite également remercier Stéphane Gaparini pour m’avoir permis de réaliser cette thèse. Merci à Laurence Guidi-Guilvard pour ces précieux conseils, notamment sur l’élevage et l’identification des copépodes. Un grand merci à Olivier Thomas pour m’avoir fait confiance dès le master 2 et pour m’avoir permis de faire des manips de chimie supplémentaires à Galway. Merci à tous les stagiaires que j’ai encadré au cours de cette thèse et qui ont grandement participé à l’avancement de ce travail : Julie R., Mélanie B. et Mélanie H. Un merci particulier à Louison pour ta gentillesse et ton sérieux (à ton tour maintenant !) et à Anais et Alan, les meilleurs stagiaires estivaux du monde ! Merci à vous deux d’avoir rendu ces deux étés moins pénibles (au fait Anais, j’ai retrouvé la lampe torche..!) Merci à Inalve d’avoir hébergé mes algues pendant ma fin de thèse ! Un merci particulier à Quentin pour nos pauses déjeuner parfois trèèèèès longues, Freddy (à quand la location d’enfants ?) et Hubert pour ta bonne humeur et ton humour sans limite. Je tiens maintenant à adresser des remerciements tous particuliers aux personnes qui ont partagé mon quotidien pendant cette thèse. Un grand merci aux gestionnaires, Linda, Corinne (Merci pour le voyage aux USA !!) et Anne qui facilitent grandement notre vie au labo. Un grand merci à toi Isa pour ta gentillesse et tes conseils. Merci à Martine pour ta précieuse aide tout au long de la thèse, nottament bibliographique et toutes nos discussions. Merci à Thierry et Jocelyne pour vos formidables repas. Merci à Véronique, Katia et Didier pour votre gentillesse (et les posters !). Merci aux marins et particulièrement Jean-Yves pour toutes ces sorties en mer ! Un grand merci à Guillaume (à quand la sortie à Boussole ?) Merci à Géraldine qui a partagé mon quotidien pendant ces trois dernières années ! Merci pour nos fous-rires, nos collectes de coquillages, nos baignades et j’en passe. Tu as rendu, à coup sûr, cette thèse plus agréable. Bon courage pour ta dernière année ! Merci à toi Alice pour ta présence, ton écoute et ta joie de vivre. Merci à Laurent, qui même à près de 10 000 km m’a soutenu. J’ai hâte de retourner faire du kayak avec toi ! Merci à tous mes collègues de l’open-space ! Merci à Kévin, peuchère c’était quand même moins drôle cette année sans toi ! Coco pour ta joie de vivre, Simon pour tes blind-test en cors de chasse, Margaux pour tes conseils, Amélie, Ophélie et Charlotte. Merci à François pour avoir égayé mes journées par ton exhubérance et ta bonne humeur. Merci à toutes les personnes qui ont, à un moment ou à un autre, rendu cette thèse plus facile : Mathilde (même si tu as émigré en Bretagne, tu me manques bcp !!), Fabio, Marin, Lolo, Maya et Quentin, Florentine, Olivier B., Samir, Régis, Salomé, Marc B, Laure, Dr C, Mathilde, Ilan et Etienne, Marine, Thierry B. Même si on appartient à deux labos différents, je tiens à remercier de nombreuses personnes du Laboratoire de Biologie de Développement notamment Guy, Stéfania, David, Yas pour sa gentillesse mais également Marta, Maciej, Alex et Marion. Au terme de ce parcours, je remercie enfin celles et ceux qui me sont chers et que j’ai quelque peu délaissés ces derniers temps pour achever cette thèse. Leurs attentions et encouragements m’ont accompagné tout au long de ces années. Je suis redevable à ma maman (Oui maman j’ai enfin fini mes études !!), mon frère et ma sœur pour leur soutien et leur confiance indéfectibles dans mes choix. Enfin merci à toi Axel, sans toi, je n’aurai jamais pu terminer ce travail. Merci pour m’avoir soutenu (et supporté !) jusqu’au bout ! LISTE DES ARTICLES PUBLIES, SOUMIS ET EN PREPARATION Ternon E., Pavaux A-S., Marro S., Thomas O.P., Lemée R., 2018. Allelopathic interactions between the benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata and a co-occurring diatom. Harmful Algae 75, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2018.04.003. Pavaux A-S., Rostan J., Guidi-Guilvard L., Marro S., Ternon E., Thomas O.P., Lemée R., Gasparini S., 2019. Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on survival, feeding and reproduction of a phytal harpacticoid copepod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 516, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2019.05.004. Pavaux A-S., Ternon E., Dufour L., Marro S., Thomas O., Lemée R. Reliable and handful monitoring of Ostreopsis sp. toxicity using an Artemia sp. bioassay. En préparation. Pavaux A-S., Berdalet E., Lemée R. Chemical ecology of the benthic dinoflagellates genus Ostreopsis : à review. En préparation. Pavaux A-S., Velasquez D., Drouet K., Lebrun A., Hiroux A., Marro S., Castagnetti S., Lemée R. Vertical migration of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. En préparation. ARTICLES REALISES EN COLLABORATION Boisnoir A., Pavaux A-S., Schizas N. V., Marro S., Blasco T., Lemée R., Pascal P-Y. The use of stable isotopes to measure the ingestion rate of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates by harpacticoid copepods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. En révision. Gémin M-P., Réveillon D., Hervé F., Pavaux A-S., Séchet V., Bertrand S., Lemée R., Amzil Z. Toxin content of Ostreopsis cf. ovata depends on bloom phases, depth and macroalgae in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Harmful algae. En révision. Ternon E., Pavaux A-S., Jauzein C., Gemin M-P., Peltekis A., Bailleul B., Lemée R., Thomas O. P. Underestimated role of the specialized metabolism in species microalgae species dynamics using the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata as a model. En préparation. Jaouannet M., Pavaux A-S., Marro S., Lemée R., Martens K., Michelet C., Keller H, Coustau C. A weird MIF coming out of the blue. En préparation. Jauzein C., Pavaux A-S., Lemée R. Influence of nutrients and hydrodynamism on Ostreopsis cf. ovata phenology in NW Mediterranean Sea. En préparation. LISTE DES COMMUNICATIONS Ternon E., Pavaux A-S., Thomas O. (2017). Metabolomics should be implemented wisely in the context of marine chemical ecology. GdR Phycotox 2017, Mars 2017, Gif-sur-Yvette, France – Présentation orale. Pavaux A-S., Lemée R., Gasparini S. Impact of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on coastal fauna in NW Mediterranean Sea. GdR PHYCOTOX, Mars 2017, Gif-sur-Yvette, France – Poster. Pavaux A-S., Ternon E., Marro S., Thomas O., Lemée R. Competition between two Mediterranean benthic microalgae: Endo/Exo metabolome study and physiological responses. DINO11, Juillet 2017, Bordeaux, France – Poster: Prix du meilleur poster. Pavaux A-S., Rostan J., Guidi-Guilvard L., Marro S., Olivi J., Gasparini S., Lemée R. Impact of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf.
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